Chomsky Hierarchy PDF

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Chomsky Hierarchy (Additional Reading)

In the 1950s, Noan Chomsky created a hierarchy of grammars.


There are four categories of formal grammars in the Chomsky
Hierarchy, spanning from Type 0, the most general, to Type 3, the
most restrictive. Each layer is different in terms of the restriction
applied to the production rules, the class of language it generates,
the type of automation that recognizes it.
Most programming languages are defined using Type 2 grammars,
or Context-Free Grammars (CFG). In context-free grammars, all
production rules must have only one (non-terminal) symbol on the
left-hand side. It essentially means that regardless in which context

m
the non-terminal symbol appears, it should be also interpreted the

e r as
same way. Context-free grammars can be recognized

co
using pushdown automata.

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o.
Another important type is Type 3 which describes Regular
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Languages which can be recognized using Finite State Automation.
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