Manjusha Sanskrit Vyakaran-Part-1
Manjusha Sanskrit Vyakaran-Part-1
Manjusha Sanskrit Vyakaran-Part-1
‚È’ÊÁœŸË
(÷ʪ-v)
‹Áπ∑§Ê
»Í§‹∑§Ê¢ÃÊ øÊfl‹Ê
àææ¹æ°¡ Ñ
• vgenkckn (079) 22160722 • Õ¢»ÜêM¤ (®}®) w{{v~}}®, 26676396 • �ð�Ù§ü (®yy) 28416531 • nsgjknwu 09837452852
• xqokgkVh (0361) 2457198 • gSnjkckn (040) 42615566 • ÁØÂéÚU (0141) 4006022 • tkya/j (0181) 4642600] 4643600
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• ÂÅUÙæ (®{vw) wz|®y®x • jkaph 08294693413
© âßæüçÏ·¤æÚU âéÚUç�æÌ
§â Âý·¤æàæÙ ·ð¤ ç·¤âè Öè ¥¢àæ ·¤æ ÂýçÌçÜç·¤ÚU�æ, °ðâð Ø¢�æ ×ð´ Ö¢ÇUæÚU�æ çÁââð ØãU ÂéÙÑ Âýæ�Ì ç·¤Øæ Áæ â·¤Ìæ ãUæð ¥Íßæ �ÍæÙæ¢ÌÚU�æ, ç·¤âè Öè
M¤Â ×ð´ ¥Íßæ ç·¤âè Öè çßçÏ mæÚUæ Øæ¢ç�æ·¤, §Üð���UæòçÙ·¤, ÂýçÌçÜçÂ, çÚU·¤æòçÇZU» ¥Íßæ ¥�Ø ç·¤âè Âý·¤æÚU âð, Âý·¤æàæ·¤ ·¤è Âêßü ¥Ùé×çÌ ·ð¤ çÕÙæ ÙãUè´ ç·¤Øæ Áæ â·¤ÌæÐ
(iii)
Áfl·ÿ-‚ÍøË
v. ∞·— ’Ê‹∑§— •ÕflÊ ∞·Ê ’ÊÁ‹∑§Ê........................................ Æz
w. ∞à ’Ê‹∑§Ê— •ÕflÊ ∞ÃÊ— ckfydk% .................................... vÆ
x. àfl◊˜Ô Á∑§◊˜Ô ∑§⁄UÊÁ·............................................................. vy
y. ÿÍÿ◊˜Ô Á∑§◊˜Ô ∑ȧL§Õ............................................................. v}
• ¬Ê∆UÊ— v-y ¬ÈŸ⁄UÊflÎÁûÊ—....................................................... wv
z. ÃÊÒ ’Ê‹∑§ÊÒ/à ’ÊÁ‹∑§ Á∑§◊˜Ô ∑ȧL§Ã—....................................... wx
{. ∞·— ∑§—........................................................................ w|
|. ∞ÃÃ˜Ô Á∑§◊˜ÔU..................................................................... xv
}. •„¢U ªÎ„¢U ¬‡ÿÊÁ◊ ............................................................ xy
• ¬Ê∆UÊ— z-} ¬ÈŸ⁄UÊflÎÁûÊ—....................................................... x~
~. ‚— ∑§‹◊Ÿ Á‹πÁà ........................................................ yx
vÆ. ‚— ¬∆UŸÊÿ ªë¿UÁà ......................................................... y|
vv. ‚— •äÿʬ∑§ÊÃ˜Ô ¬∆UÁà . .................................................... zx
vw. ⁄UÊ„ÈU‹Sÿ ÁfllÊ‹ÿ— ......................................................... z|
• ¬Ê∆UÊ— ~-vw ¬ÈŸ⁄UÊflÎÁûÊ—..................................................... {v
vx. ‚— ÁfllÊ‹ÿ ¬∆UÁà ......................................................... {y
vy. ◊◊ ‚¢∑§À¬— . ................................................................ {}
vz. ‚ÍÄÃÿ— ........................................................................ |x
• ¬Ê∆UÊ— vx-vz ¬ÈŸ⁄UÊflÎÁûÊ—.................................................... |}
v{. ∞∑§— ¬Á⁄UflÊ⁄U— ................................................................ }v
v|. ee flÊÁ≈U∑§Ê .................................................................. }z
v}. iatkc&izns'k% . ............................................................... ~v
• ¬Ê∆UÊ— v{-v} ¬ÈŸ⁄UÊflÎÁûÊ—.................................................... ~y
(iv)
1 ,"k% ckyd% vFkok ,"kk ckfydk
fganh vuqokn (;g ckyd vFkok ;g ckfydk)
;g ckyd gSA· ;g ckfydk gSA
ckyd [ksyrk gSA ckfydk [ksyrh gSA
;g Nk=k gSA ;g Nk=kk gSA
Nk=k i<+rk gSA Nk=kk i<+rh gSA
og i<+rk gSA og i<+rh gSA
;g dye gSA ;g isfUly&ckWDl gSA
;g v.kZo gSA
v.kZo Nk=k gSA
v.kZo D;k djrk gS\ ;g LowQy gSA
v.kZo fy[krk gSA
og [ksyrk ugha gSA
;g vè;kfidk gSA ;g vè;kid gSA
D;k vè;kfidk i<+rh gS\ D;k vè;kid i<+rk gS\
vè;kfidk i<+krh gS] vè;kid i<+rk ughaA
og i<+rh ugha gSA og i<+krk gSA
;g isM+ gSA isM+ iQyrk gSA ;g jk/k gSA
jk/k Nk=kk gSA
jk/k D;k djrh gS\
jk/k fy[krh gSA og [ksyrh ugha gSA
* laLo`Qr okD; esa fgUnh fozQ;kin ^gS* dk i;kZ; cgq/k yqIr jgrk gSA vr% vuqokn osQ
le; tksM+uk iM+rk gSA fdUrq Lej.k jgs µiBfr (i<+rk gS)] [ksyfr ([ksyrk gS)] uefr
(ueLdkj djrh gS) vkfn fozQ;kinksa esa] fgUnh fozQ;kin esa iz;qDr ^gS* dk vFkZ laLo`Qr
osQ fØ;kin esa fufgr gSA
4- e×tw"kk esa fn, x, 'kCnksa dks i<sa+A oqQN 'kCn iq¯Yyx vkSj
oqQN L=kh¯yx gSaA mnkgj.k ns[ksa vkSj le>saA fy[krs le; orZuh
dh vksj è;ku nsaA vdkjkUr (iqfYayx) 'kCnksa esa] ,dopu esa]
folxZ yxrk gS_ tSlsµ^ckyd%*A vkdkjkUr (L=khfYakx) 'kCnksa
esa ,dopu esa folxZ ugha yxrk_ tSlsµ^ckfydk*A mnkgj.k
ns[ksa vkSj ;kn j[ksaA
iqafYyÄõe~ L=khfYkÄõe~
mÙkjµ d- ----- o`{k% d- ----- yrk
[k- ,"k% ns'k% [k- ,"kk Hkk"kk
x- ,"k% vuqjkx% x- ,"kk vuqjkèkk
?k- ,"k% dye% ?k- ,"kk e×tw"kk
Ä- ,"k% gkj% Ä- ,"kk ekyk
fy[krs le; mPpkj.k djsa_ ;Fkkµ,"k% o`{k%] ,"kk yrkA
5- e×tw"kk esa fn, x, 'kCnksa dks i<sa+] vFkZ le>saA lHkh 'kCn ikB
esa vk, gSaA vr% ikB dk okpu è;kuiwoZd djsaA
mÙkjµ (d) fde~] lk ([k) fde~] vfHkuo%] l%A
6- mnkgj.k ns[ksaµikB osQ vk/kj ij] dks"Bd ls mfpr fodYi
pqudj iz'uksa osQ mÙkj iwjs djsaA mÙkj ikB esa <w¡<+sA fp=kksa dh vksj
è;ku nsaA Hkk"kk&cks/ ljy gksxkA
mÙkjµ d- xk;fr [k- fy[kfr x- [ksyfr ?k- uefr Ä- ikB;frA
iz'u rFkk mÙkj nksuksa dk ekSf[kd&vH;kl djsaA
'kq¼ mPpkj.k egÙoiw.kZ gSA
mÙkjµ d- rs glfUr [kknfUr pA (os g¡l jgs gSa vkSj [kk jgs gSaA)
lk u`R;frA l% xk;frA
2- laKk osQ LFkku ij loZuke&iz;ksx djosQ mÙkj nsus dk vH;klA
d- ckfydk% foaQ oqQoZfUr\ [k- urZdk% foaQ oqQoZfUr\
rk% xk;fUrA rs u`R;fUrA
3- (i) urZdk% u`R;fUrA (cgqopu)
(ii) xk;dk% xk;fUrA
(iii) efgyk% glfUrA bR;kfn
Nk=k] dÙkkZ vkSj fØ;kinµnksuksa osQ :i dh vksj è;ku nsaA
vè;kid@vè;kfidk fp=k fn[kkdj iz'u iwNsa] Nk=k mÙkj nsaA dksbZ =kqfV gks
rks vU; Nk=k dks volj nsaA izkjfEHkd voLFkk essa Nk=k dks ikB~;iqLrd
dh lgk;rk ysuh iM+ ldrh gSA vè;kid mÙkj osQ fy, izksRlkfgr djsaA
qq
‚¢S∑ΧÃ-◊Ü¡Í·Ê (÷ʪ-v) ‚È’ÊÁœŸË 13
3 Roe~ fde~ djksf"k
fga nh vuqokn (rqe D;k djrs@djrh vFkok dj jgs@ jgh gks)
Nk=k i<+ vkSj fy[k jgs gSaA vej ugha fy[krk gSA
vè;kfidk vej ls dgrh gSµD;k rqe [ksy jk/k fy[k jgh gSA
jgs gks\ vej dgrk gSµugha] eSa [ksy ugha vè;kfidkµ rqe D;k
jgkA D;k rqe i<+ jgs gks\ dj jgh gks\
gk¡] eSa i<+ jgk gw¡A jk/kµ eSa fy[k jgh gw¡A
v.kZo 'kke dks [ksyrk gSA
D;k rqe 'kke dks [ksyrs gks\ ek¡ Hkkstu idkrh gSA
gk¡] eSa 'kke dks [ksyrk gw¡A eSa Hkkstu ugha idkrk@idkrhA
D;k rqe nkSM+rs gks\ D;k rqe Hkkstu idkrh gks\
gk¡ eSa nkSM+rk gw¡A ugha] eSa ugha idkrhA
vuqjkx ueLdkj djrk gSA
D;k rqe ueLdkj djrs gks\
gk¡] eSa ueLdkj djrk gw¡A rqe dgk¡ tk jgs gks\
D;k rqe xkrs gks\ eSa ogk¡ tk jgk gw¡A
ugha] eSa ugha xkrk gw¡A ogk¡ rqe D;k djrs gks\
og dgrk gSµeSa lp cksyrk gw¡A ogk¡ eSa [ksyrk gw¡A
rqe dgrs gksµeSa lp cksyrk gw¡A D;k] rqe ugha [ksyrs gks\
og >wB cksy jgk gS ;k
rqe >wB cksy jgs gksA
mÙkjkf.k
'kh"kZd dk mPpkj.k djsaA 'kq¼ iz;ksx ljyrk ls lh[k ysaxsA
ekSf[kde~
1- mPpkj.k djrs le; è;ku nsaA
mÙkjµ Roe~ (eè;e iq#"k] ,dopu) osQ lkFk /krq esa ^fl*_ tSlsµ^Roe~
fy[kfl*] vge~ (mÙke iq#"k] ,dopu) osQ lkFk èkkrq esa (vk)
fe yxrk gS_ tSlsµ^vge~ fy[kkfe*A
* ;fn Nk=k mÙkj esa ^Roa uefl* cksys rks Hkh 'kq¼ ekuk tkuk pkfg,A D;ksafd m¼s';
gSµdÙkkZ fØ;kin leUo; dk vH;klA
ikBlaxre~ ijh{k.ke~
vl~ /krq dk vH;klµoqQN mnkgj.kµ
1. okD;iwfrZ A
------A ------ Lr%A ------ lfUrA (iqfYayx in iz;ksx)
------A ------ Lr%A ------ lfUrA (L=khfYakx in iz;ksx)
mnkgj.kµ
(d) Roe~ Nk=k% vflA ;qoke~ Nk=kkS LFk%A ;w;e~ Nk=kk% LFkA (iqfYayx)
Roe~ Nk=kk vflA ;qoke~ Nk=ks LFk%A ;w;e~ Nk=kk% LFkA (L=khfYakx)
vge~ Nk=k%@Nk=kk vfLeA vkoke~ Nk=kkS@Nk=ks Lo%A o;e~ Nk=kk% Le%A
(iqfYayx rFkk L=khfYakx)
ikBlaxre~ ijh{k.ke~
1- okD;ksa dk mPpkj.k djrs le; laKk] loZuke rFkk fØ;kin dk dÙkkZ
dkjdµizFkek foHkfDr esa rhuksa opuksa esa :i o iz;ksx le>sa vkSj ;kn
j[ksaA iz'u okpd loZuke ^oQ%* ^dkS* ^osQ* osQ iz;ksx ij fo'ks"k è;ku
nsaA
uksV djsaµtSls ^l%* ^rkS* ^rs* vkSj ^,"k%* ^,rkS* ^,rs*] mlh izdkjµ
^d%* ^dkS* ^osQ* dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
2- oqQN mnkgj.kµfp=kk/kfjrµiz'u rFkk mÙkjµ
d- ,"k% d%\ ,"k% fid%A [k- ,"k% d%\ ,"k% v'o%\
fid% foaQ djksfr\ l% owQtfrA v'o% foaQ djksfr\ l% /kofrA
l% dFka /kofr\ l% rhoza èkkofrA
x- ,"k% d%\ ,"k% Nk=k%\ ?k- ,rs osQ\ ,rs Nk=kk%\
Nk=k% ¯d djksfrA l% fy[kfrA Nk=kk% foaQ oqQoZfUr\ rs fy[kfUrA
qq
ikBlaxre~ ijh{k.ke~
1. ik¡piQyksa osQ fp=kµizR;sd fp=k osQ lkeus@uhps mldk uke fy[ksaA
è;ku nsaA yxHkx lHkh iQyksa osQ uke uiqaldfYakx gksrs gSaA [oqQN viokn
(exceptions) gSAa lqfo/k osQ fy, lkFk esa ^iQye~* 'kCn dk iz;ksx dj ysAa
;FkkµdnyhiQye~ (osQyk) nzk{kkiQye~ (vaxwj)µ(nzk{kkiQykfuµcgqopu
:i)] oqQN iQyksa osQ ukeµ
1- vkeze~ (vke) 2- lsoe~ (lso) 3- ukjÄõe~ (larjk)
4- ukfjosQye~ (ukfj;y)] 5- ve`riQye~ (ve:n) 6- tEchje~ (uhacw)
vU; iQyksa osQ uke osQ fy, ns[ksa 'kCn dks"k (ikB~; iqLrd)
2.
,rr~ iQye~A ,"k% o`{k%A ,rr~ iqLrde~A
,"k% fo|ky;%A ,rr~ iq"ie~A ,"k% ikni%A bR;kfnA
qq
mÙkjkf.k
bl ikB esa eq[;r% uiqald¯yx 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx f}rh;k foHkfDr esa vk;k
gSA vdkjkUr iq¯Yyx 'kCnkas dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k x;k gSA Nk=k nksuksa osQ :i
esa Hksn le> ysaA
1- ,"k% ekykdkj%A
2- ,"k% i=kokgd%A
3- ,rkfu i=kkf.kA
4- ,"k% 'k;ud{k%A
5- ,"k% ifjokj%A
6- ,rr~ Lukux`ge~A
ikBlaxre~ ijh{k.ke~
1- laokn dk vfHku; djrs gq, fjDr LFkku esa vk, inksa dh vksj fo'ks"k
è;ku nsAa iz;ksx le>s_a ;Fkkµvki.ke~µokD; esa deZ (object), vr%
deZdkjd f}rh;k foHkfDr esAa ^tuosQu lg*µ;gk¡ r`rh;k foHkfDr dk
iz;ksx miin ^lg* osQ dkj.k gqvk gSA ^dkj;kusu* esa r`rh;k foHkfDr
^dj.k dkjd* ls gSA dj.k vFkkZr~ midj.k vFkok lk/u (medium,
* è;ku jgsµlaLÑr Hkk"kk esa foHkfDr dk iz;ksx mlh izdkj gksrk gS ftl izdkj fgUnh
Hkk"kk esa ijlxZ (esa] dks] dk bR;kfn) dk vkSj vaxzsth esa to, in, at, of vkfn
preposition dkA vr% okD; esa 'kq¼ foHkfDr okyk in iz;ksx esa vkuk pkfg,A
vU;Fkk vFkZ Li"V ugha gksxkA
ikBlaxre~ ijh{k.ke~
vH;klkFkZ oqQN mnkgj.kµ
1- firkegh nsoky;a xPNfrA v/quk lk nsoky;kr~ vkxPNfrA
2- Nk=kk% iqLrdky;a xPNfUrA v/quk rs iqLrdky;kr~ vkxPNfUrA
3- tud% vki.ka xPNfrA v| l% vki.kkr~ vkxPNfrA
4- Ñ"kd% izkr% {ks=ke~ xPNfrA lk;a l% {ks=kkr~ vkxPNfrA
vè;kid@vè;kfidk ckb± vksj fn, okD; (vFkok vU; ,sls okD;) ,d&,d
djosQ cksysa_ rRi'pkr~ Nk=k vxyk okD; (tSlsµnkb± vksj fn;k x;k) cksysaA
bl izdkj viknku dkjd&i×peh foHkfDr osQ iz;ksx dk vH;kl djsaA lEiw.kZ
okD; cksyus esa ;fn fdlh Nk=k dks dfBukbZ gks rks] f'k{kd mUgsa okD;iwfrZ
dk volj nsa_ ;Fkk&^v/quk lk-----------*A blls Nk=k foHkfDr&iz;ksx Hkh ;kn
j[k losaQxs vkSj fØ;kin ^xPNfr* o ^vkxPNfr* esa vUrj HkhA
(d) (i) nsoky;e~ (ii) iwtuk; (iii) nsoky;kr~
([k) (i) fons'ke~ (ii) ok;q;kusu (iii) i;ZVuk;@Hkze.kk;
(iv) fons'kkr~
* ;g ;kn j[kuk fgrdj gksxk fd osQoy dÙkkZin cnyus ij fØ;kin esa :ikUrj vkrk
gSA vU; inksa esa opu ifjorZu gksus ij fØ;kin vFkok okD; osQ fdlh vU; in
esa dksbZ :ikUrj ugha vkrkA
* j~] Í] "k~µ;fn buesa ls dksbZ v{kj 'kCn esa vk,] rks ml 'kCn osQ ^u~* dks ^.k~*
gks tkrk gSA oqQN viokn (exceptions) Hkh gSa_ ;Fkkµiz'u%] n'kZue~] urZue~ bR;kfnA
bldh lfoLrkj ppkZ vxyh d{kkvksa esa dh tk,xhA
è;ku jgsµ vUR; ^u~* dks ^.k~* ugha gksrk_ ;Fkk ^Nk=kku~* ^iq=kku~* esaA D;ksafd ;gk¡ ^u~*
osQ vkxs vkSj dksbZ v{kj ugha vk;k gSA
ewY;ijd&iz'uk%
1- v'kq¼e~ (ikB esa dgha ,slk dksbZ mYys[k ugha)
2- v'kq¼e~ (ns[ksa µ f'k{kosQ Nk=kk.kka iw.kZ% fo'okl%)
3- 'kq¼e~ (ns[ksa µ Nk=kk% lko/kue~ vkd.kZ;fUr)
4- v'kq¼e~ (ns[ksa µ Nk=ks"kq p f'k{kdk.kka Lusg%)
5- v'kq¼e~ (ns[ksa µ rs (Nk=kk%) fo|ky;L; ØhMkî+õ.ks ØhMfUr)
ikBlaxre~ ijh{k.ke~
1- ikBk/kfjr oqQN iz'u rFkk mÙkjµ
d- jkgqy% oqQ=k iBfr\ jkgqy% fnYyhuxjs iBfrA
[k- l% oqQ=k olfr\ l% Nk=kkokls olfrA
x- Nk=kk% oqQ=k ØhMfUr\ Nk=kk% ØhMkX.ks ØhMfUrA
?k- rs dnk ØhMfUr\ rs ØhMk&dkys ØhMfUrA
2- oqQN vU; laHkkfor iz'uµ
d- tud% oqQ=k foJkea djksfr\ tud% 'k;ud{ks foJkea djksfrA
[k- U;k;k/h'k% oqQ=k U;k;a djksfr\ U;k;k/h'k% U;k;ky;s U;k;a djksfrA
x- ckydk% oqQ=k iBfUr\ ckydk% fo|ky;s@fo|ky;s"kq iBfUrA
?k- tuk% oqQ=k HkzefUr\ tuk% m|kus@m|kus"kq HkzefUrA
3- opu ifjorZu }kjk 'kCn:i osQ iz;ksx dk vH;klµ
d- ,rs Nk=kk% [ksys fuiq.kk%A (,úoú)
,rs Nk=kk% [ksys"kq fuiq.kk%A (cúoú)
[k- [kxk% uhMs olfUrA (,úoú)
[kxk% uhMs"kq olfUrA (cúoú)
x- o`{ks iQykfu lfUrA (,úoú)
o`{k;ks% iQykfu lfUrA (f}úoú)
?k- ljksojs"kq tye~ vfLrA (cúoú)
ljksojs tye~ vfLrA (,úoú)
* ;s 'kCn /krqvksa esa ^DRok* izR;; yxkdj curs gSaA budh vkSj vf/d ppkZ vxyh
d{kk esa dh tk,xhA
mÙkjkf.k
ekSf[kde~
lkekU; cks/ osQ fy, mPpkj.k djsAa ;s lHkh 'kCn ikB esa vk, gSAa
fyf[kre~
1- ikB osQ vk/kj ij mfpr fodYi pqusaA izR;sd lwfDr dks nksgjk,¡A
mÙkjµ d- m|esu [k- 'kkfUre~ x- o`{kk% ?k- Jks=kL;A
mÙkj 2- d- ozQks/e~] lk/quk] nkusu] lR;suA
[k- m|esu] dk;kZf.k] euksjFkS%] lqIrL;] izfo'kfUrA
3- ikB osQ vk/kj ij mfpr fodYi pqudj mÙkj nsaA iz'uokpd
'kCnksa osQ vFkZ le> ysaA
oQhn` ' kk% = oS Q ls (fo'ks " k.k&iz ' uokpd_ dhn` ' kL; = oS Q ls dk_
dL; = fdldk_ fde~ = D;k_ osQu = foQlosQ }kjkA
mÙkjµ d- lqIrL; (lks, gq, osQ) ?k- lR;su (lR; }kjk)
[k- dyge~ (>xM+k) Ä- iq#"kdkjs.k (ifjJe fcuk)
x- jFkL; (jFk dh)
4- ckb± vksj fn, x, LraHk esa ikB esa iz;qDr 'kCn gSaA nkb± vksj
muosQ lekukFkZd laLo`Qr 'kCn fn, x, gSaA mnkgj.k ns[ksa vkSj
ijLij lgh feyku djsaµ1- ikfFkZok% µ u`ik%A
mÙkjµ [k- lk/o% µ lTtuk%
x- ew[kkZ% µ ew<+k%
?k- m|esu µ ifjJes.k
Ä- Jks=kL; µ d.kZL;
ewY;ijd&iz'u
1- d.B% lR;su 'kksHkrsA (vFkkZr~ lp cksyuk pkfg,)
2- dk;kZf.k m|[email protected] flè;fUrA (vFkkZr~ ifjJe djuk pkfg,)
ikBlaxre~ ijh{k.ke~
'yksdksPpkj.k djrs le; mPpkj.k ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsaA izR;sd in dk mPpkj.k
Li"V gks vkSj 'kq¼ HkhA gyUr rFkk vdkjkUr in esa vUrj le>sa_ ;Fkkµ
^nSoe~*] ^Øks/e~*] ^Hkw"k.ke~*] ^Hkosr~*] ^t;sr~* vkfn gyUr 'kCn gS vFkkZr~
'kCn osQ vUr esa O;×tu (gy~) vk;k gSA fdUrq ^,osQu*] ^pozsQ.k*] ^dnkpu*
vkfn vdkjkUr 'kCn gSaA buosQ vUr esa ^v* gS_ bl ^v* dk mPpkj.k Li"V
gksuk pkfg,A
fgUnh Hkk"kk esa tc ^ckyd* 'kCn dk mPpkj.k fd;k tkrk gS rks og
^ckyo~Q* dh Hkk¡fr gksrk gS vFkkZr~ vUR; v{kj ^v* dk mPpkj.k ugha gksrkA
foQUrq laLÑr esa in osQ izR;sd v{kj dk mPpkj.k Li"V fd;k tkrk gSA blh
izdkj folxZ osQ mPpkj.k dh vksj Hkh è;ku nsaA