20/01/2020

TOEFL
Test of English as a Foreign Language
(TOEFL) is a trademark of the Educational
Testing Service (ETS), firstly conducted in

TOEFL TEST 1964.*

TOEFL is a standardized test to measure the

English language ability of non-native
speakers wishing to enroll in English-
speaking universities.*

TOEFL TOEFL
 TOEFL PBT (Paper-Based Testing)
 TOEFL PBT (Paper-Based Testing) Content:
 TOEFL CBT (Computer-Based Testing) Listening, Structure and Written Expression, Reading
Comprehension, Writing
 TOEFL IBT (Internet-Based Testing)
Total Score Scale for Listening, Structure and Written
 TOEFL ITP (Institutional Testing Program) Expression, and Reading Comprehension:
310-677; Score Scale for Writing: 0–6.

• Toefl PBT has been replaced by TOEFL PDT

(Paper-Delivered Test)

TOEFL TOEFL
 TOEFL CBT (Computer-Based Testing)  TOEFL ITP (Institutional Testing Program)
Score Scale: 216-677. Content* :
TOEFL CBT has been discontinued from September Section Questions Duration Score Scale
2006) Listening 50 35 minutes 31–68
Comprehension
Structure and 40 25 minutes 31–68

 TOEFL IBT (Internet-Based Testing) Written

Expression
Content: Reading, Listening, Speaking, Writing Reading 50 55 minutes 31–67
Comprehension
Score Scale: 0-120
TOTAL 140 115 minutes 310–677

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English Test English Test

TOEIC (Test of English for International
IELTS (International English Language Communication)
Testing System)  An International standardised test of English
 IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training language proficiency for non-native speakers. It is
designed specifically to measure the everyday
 Content: Listening, Reading, Writing, English skills of people working in an international
Speaking environment.*
 Score Scale: 1-9  TOEIC Listening & Reading
TOEIC Speaking & Writing

English Test TOEFL ITP

ICAO Language Proficiency Content: Listening Comprehension,
 primarily for Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers Structure & Written Expression
Reading Comprehension
 Content: Interview, Short Report, Listening -
Comprehension, Long Report and Extension  Structure & Written Expression
 40 Questions (out of a total of 140 questions)
 Score Scale: Level 1 - Level 6
 Number 1-15 : Structure
 Number 16-40: Written Expression

Structure & Written Expression Structure & Written Expression

 Skills:  Skills:
1. Be sure the sentence has a Subject and a Verb 1. Be sure the sentence has a Subject and a Verb

2. Be careful of Objects of Prepositions Subject: noun, gerund (verb + ing), phrase, clause
Verb/Predicate: verb, auxiliary verbs
3. Be careful of Appositives
Peter prepares the weekly report on Friday.
4. Be careful of Present Participles Cycling was my childhood hobby.
The schedule can be obtained at the front desk.
5. Be careful of Past Participles Engineers are needed for work on the space program.
What the children need is unconditional love and care.

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Structure & Written Expression Structure & Written Expression

 Skills:  Skills:
2. Be careful of Objects of Prepositions 3. Be careful of Appositives
Object of Preposition: Preposition + noun/pronoun Appositive: noun/noun phrase that renames another
After his exams, Tom will take a trip by boat. noun right beside it; keterangan tambahan
pada sebuah noun/subject.
With his friend Jerry found the movie theater.
Sally, the best student in the class, got an A in the
The interviews by radio broadcasters were conducted
exam.
on saturday nights.
My friend, George, is attending the lecture.
An excellent basketball player, Sarah rarely misses her
basketball shots.

Structure & Written Expression Participles

 Skills: Participle = Bentuk kata kerja yang dapat difungsikan
4. Be careful of Present Participles sebagai kata sifat.
confuse – confuses – confusing – confused
5. Be careful of Past Participles
 Present Participles & Past Participles
 Present Participles → verb + ing
dancing, singing, watching, encouraging, etc.
1. Berfungsi sebagai kata sifat (adjective)
confusing question, surprising news, exciting game.
I saw the boat sinking.
We felt the house shaking.

Participles Participles
2. Menggantikan adjective clause (bermakna aktif) After she opened the drawer, Anna took out a black
The girl who sits next to me is Chelsea Islan. wallet.
The girl sitting next to me is Chelsea Islan. Opening the drawer Anna took out a black wallet.
The professor who gave the presentation is my friend. 4. Menggantikan main clause, bermakna: karena
The professor giving the presentation is my friend. Because she loves the child, she will do everything for
3. Menggantikan main clause, bermakna: ketika, setelah the child.
When he was walking along the street, Michael met Loving the child, she will do everything for the child.
his old friend.
As my mother was sick, she had breakfast in the
Walking along the street, Michael met his old friend. bedroom.
Being sick, my mother had breakfast in the bedroom.

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Participles Participles
 Past Participles → Verb - 3 The students who are interviewed by the government
purchased, watched, written, sent, brought, etc. officers are quite confident.
1. Berfungsi sebagai kata sifat (adjective) The students interviewed by the government officers
are quite confident.
stolen money, written report, confused professor,
tired housewife. 3. Menggantikan main clause, bermakna: karena
2. Menggantikan relative clause (bermakna pasif) Since the town is surrounded by the mountains, the
town has a cool climate.
“The 7 habits of highly effective people” which was
Surrounded by the mountains, the town has a cool
written by Stephen R. Covey is a classic self-help book.
climate.
“The 7 habits of highly effective people” written by
Stephen R. Covey is a classic self-help book.

Participles Exercise
As Anthony was convinced that they were trying to
poison him, he refused to eat anything.
Convinced that they were trying to poison him, Anthony
refused to eat anything.

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_of_English_as_a_Foreign_Language,
retrieved on 12 January 2020.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOEIC, retrieved on 13 January 2020.
https://www.ets.org/toefl_itp/content/, retrieved on 13 January 2020
Philips D, Longman complete course for the TOEFL test: Preparation for
the computer and paper tests, Pearson Education, 2001, p. 200-209

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