Temples of Godess
Temples of Godess
Temples of Godess
The Shakti Peetha (Sanskrit: श पीठ, Śakti Pīṭha, seat of Shakti[2]) are significant shrines and pilgrimage destinations in
Shaktism, the goddess-focused Hindu tradition. There are 51 or 108 Shakti peethas by various accounts,[3][4] of which
between 4 and 18 are named as Maha (major) in medieval Hindu texts.[3]
Most of these historic places of goddess worship are in India, but there are seven in Bangladesh, three in Pakistan, two in
Nepal, and one each in Tibet and Sri Lanka.[4]
Various legends explain how the Shakti Peetha came into existence. The most popular is based on the story of the death of
the goddess Sati. Out of grief and sorrow, Shiva carried Sati's body, reminiscing about their moments as a couple, and
roamed around the universe with it. Vishnu had cut her body into 51 body parts, using his Sudarshana Chakra, which fell on
Earth to become sacred sites where all the people can pay homage to the Goddess. To complete this massively long task,
Lord Shiva took the form of Bhairava.
Legend
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Lord Brahma performed a yajna (Vedic ritual of fire sacrifice) to please Shakti and Shiva. Goddess Shakti emerged, separating
from Shiva and helped Brahma in the creation of the universe. Brahma decided to give Shakti back to Shiva. Therefore, his
son Daksha performed several yagnas to obtain Shakti as his daughter in the form of Sati. It was then decided that Sati was
brought into this world with the motive of getting married to Shiva.
However, due to Lord Shiva's curse to Brahma that his fifth head was cut off due to his lie in front of Shiva, Daksha started
hating Lord Shiva and decided not to let Lord Shiva and Sati get married.
However, Sati got attracted to Shiva and finally one day Shiva and Sati got married. This marriage only increased Daksha's
hatred towards Lord Shiva.
Daksha performed a yagna with a desire to take revenge on Lord Shiva. Daksha invited all the deities to the yajna except Lord
Shiva and Sati. The fact that she was not invited did not deter Sati from attending the yagna. She expressed her desire to
attend the yagna to Shiva, who tried his best to dissuade her from going. Shiva eventually relented and Sati went to the yagna.
Sati, being an uninvited guest, was not given any respect at the yagna. Furthermore, Daksha insulted Shiva. Sati was unable
to bear her father's insults toward her husband, so she immolated herself.
Enraged at the death and insult of his spouse, Shiva in his Virabhadra avatar destroyed Daksha's yagna, cut off Daksha's
head, but later replaced it with that of a male goat as he restored him to life.Virabhadra didn't stop fighting; he kept raging
with anger. Gods prayed to lord Vishnu. He came there and started fighting him. Still immersed in grief, Shiva picked up the
remains of Sati's body, and performed the Tandava, the celestial dance of destruction, across all creation. The other Gods
requested Vishnu to intervene to stop this destruction, towards which Vishnu used the Sudarshana Chakra, which cut through
Sati's corpse. The various parts of the body fell at several spots all through the Indian subcontinent and formed sites which
are known as Shakti Peethas today.[5]
At all the Shakti Peethas, the Goddess Shakti is accompanied by her consort, Lord Bhairava (a manifestation of Lord Shiva).
Shakti is an aspect of the Supreme Being Adi parashakti, the mother of the trimurti, the holy trinity in Hindu religion &
scriptures.
Sati's self-immolation
The history of Daksha yajna and Sati's self-immolation had immense significance in shaping the ancient Sanskrit literature
and even influenced the culture of India. It led to the development of the concept of Shakti Peethas and thereby strengthened
Shaktism. Enormous numbers of stories in the Puranas and other Hindu religious books took the Daksha yagna as the
reason for their origin. It is an important incident in Shaivism, resulting in the emergence of Parvati in the place of Sati Devi
and making Shiva a grihastashrami (house holder), leading to the origin of Ganesha and Kartikeya.[6]
Shakti Peethas are shrines or divine places of the Mother Goddess. These are places that are believed to have been blessed
with the presence of Shakti due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of Sati Devi, when Lord Shiva carried it and
wandered throughout Aryavartha in sorrow. There are 51 Shakti Peeth linking to the 51 alphabets in Sanskrit.[7] Each temple
has shrines for Shakti and Kalabhairava, and most Shakti and Kalabhairava in different Shakti Peeth have different names.
Some of the great religious texts like the Shiva Purana, the Devi Bhagavata, the Kalika Purana,the AstaShakti and Pithanirnaya
Tantra recognize four major Shakti Peethas (centers), like Bimala (Pada Khanda) (inside the Jagannath Temple of Puri,
Odisha), Tara Tarini (Sthana Khanda, Purnagiri, Breasts) (Near Berhampur, Odisha), Kamakhya Temple (Yoni Khanda) (Near
Guwahati, Assam) and Dakshina Kalika (Mukha Khanda) (Kolkata, West Bengal) originated from the parts of the corpse of
Mata Sati in the Satya Yuga.
"Shakthi" refers to the Goddess worshiped at each location, all being manifestations of Dakshayani (Sati), Parvati or Durga;
"Body Part or Ornament" refers to the body part or piece of jewelry that fell to earth, at the location on which the respective
temple is built.
pada
Vimala Temple Puri Odisha
(feet)
stana
Taratarini Temple Berhampur Odisha
(breast)
mukha
Kalighat Kali Temple Kolkata West Bengal
(face)
Apart from these 4 there are 48 other famous Peethas recognized by religious texts. According to the Pithanirnaya Tantra the
51 peethas are scattered all over present day countries of India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan and Pakistan.
The Shivacharita besides listing 51 maha-peethas, speaks about 26 more upa-peethas. The Bengali almanac, Vishuddha
Siddhanta Panjika too describes the 51 peethas including the present modified addresses. A few of the several accepted
listings are given below.[8] One of the few in South India, Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh became the site for a 2nd-century
temple.[9]
"Shakti" refers to the Goddess worshipped at each location, all being manifestations of Dakshayani, Sati; later known as
Parvati or Durga;
"Body Part or Ornament" refers to the body part or piece of jewellery that fell to earth, at the location on which the
respective temple is built.
The details of this is available in the text "TANTHRACHOODAMANI" where Parvathi tells these details to her son Skanda.
Sr. State in Body Part or
Place Shakti Bhairava Image
No. India/Country Ornament
Bhairavparvat, at Bhairav
hills on the banks of
Madhya
5 Shipra river in the city of Elbow Avanti Lambkarna
Pradesh
Ujjaini. These Shaktpeeth
known as Harsiddi temple.
Chhinnamastika
Shaktipeeth at Chintpurni, Himachal
8 Feet Chhinnamastika Rudra Mahadev
in Una District of Himachal Pradesh
Pradesh
Bramharandhra
11 Hinglaj Balochistan (Part of the Kottari Bhimlochan
head)
Palms of hands
13 Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple Bangladesh and soles of the Jashoreshwari Chanda
feet
Kalipeeth, (Kalighat,
15 West Bengal Right Toes Kalika Nakuleshwar
Kolkata)
Kiriteswari Temple at
Kiritkona village, 3 km
21 from Lalbag Court Road West Bengal Crown Vimla Sanwart
station under district
Murshidabad
'A.Locally known as
Bhramari Devi in Jalpaiguri
near a small village Boda
on the bank of river Teesta A. Left leg
23 or Tri-shrota (combination West Bengal B. Part of Left Bhraamari Ambar
of three flows) mentioned Knee
in Puranas
B.Ma Malai Chandi Temple
at Amta, Howrah
Nainativu (Manipallavam),
Northern Province, Sri
Lanka. Located 36 km
from the ancient capital of
the Jaffna kingdom,
Nallur. The murti of the
Goddess is believed to
have been consecrated
and worshipped by Lord
Indrakshi
Indra. The protagonist, Silambu Rakshaseshwar
27 Sri Lanka (Nagapooshani /
Lord Rama and antagonist, (Anklets) (Nayanair)
Bhuvaneswari)
Ravana of the Sanskrit
epic Ramayana have
offered obeisances to the
Goddess. Nāga and
Garuda of the Sanskrit
epic Mahabharata;
resolved their
longstanding feuds after
worshipping this Goddess.
Panchsagar Near
Lohaghat (in Champawat
District of Uttarakhand)
Lower teeth/
30 just 12 km from nearest Uttarakhand Varahi Maharudra
Navel
railway station Tanakpur.
पूणा गरी / DeviDhura
Champawat Varahi Devi
Nandikeshwari Temple is
35 West Bengal Necklace Nandini Nandikeshwar
located in Sainthia city.
Himachal
37 Naina Devi Temple Right Eye Mahishmardini Krodhish
Pradesh
Andhra
Sri Sailam, at Nallamalai
40 Pradesh, Neck Mahalaxmi Sambaranand
hills, Andhra Pradesh
India
Sugandha, situated in
Shikarpur, Gournadi, about
42 20 km from Barisal town, Bangladesh Nose Sugandha Trayambak
on the banks of Sonda
river.
Varanasi at Manikarnika
Vishalakshi &
45 Ghat on banks of the Uttar Pradesh Face or Earring Kalbhairav
Manikarni
Ganges at Kashi
Kapalini
Vibhash, at Tamluk under (Bhimarupa) also
46 West Bengal Left ankle Sarvanand
district Purba Medinipur known as
Bargabheema
Jwaladevi Temple,
55 Uttar Pradesh Tongue Jwala Devi
Shaktinagar, Sonbhadra
Danteshwari Temple,
57 Chhattisgarh Tooth or daant Danteshwari devi Kapalbhairav
Dantewada
First relating to Brahmanda Purana, one of the major eighteen Puranas, it mentions 64 Shakthi Peetha of Goddess Parvati in
the Bharat or Greater India including present day India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, some parts of Southern Tibet
and parts of southern Pakistan. Another text which gives a listing of these shrines, is the Shakthi Peetha Stotram, written by
Adi Shankara, the 9th-century Hindu philosopher.[14]
According to the manuscript Mahapithapurana (c. 1690 – 1720 CE), there are 52 such places. Among them, 23 are located in
the Bengal region, 14 of these are located in what is now West Bengal, India, 1 in Baster (Chhattisgarh), while 7 are in what is
now Bangladesh.
Rishi Markandeya composed the 'Devi Saptashati' or the seven hundred hymns extolling the virtues of the Divine Goddess at
the shaktipeetha in Nashik. The idol is also leaning a little to the left to listen to the sages composition. The Saptashati or the
"Durga Stuti" forms an integral part in the vedic form of Shakti worship.
The third eye of Mata Sati fell below a tree in a mortuary in the Ishan corner of Vakreshwar. This is on the bank of the north
flowing Dwarka river in the east of Baidyanath. Here Mata Sati is called Chandi Bhagwai Ugra Tara and Bhairav is called
Chandrachur. This Shaktipeeth is called Tarapith in Birbhum district West bengal, India.
The modern cities or towns that correspond to these 64 locations can be a matter of dispute, but there are a few that are
totally unambiguous, these are mentioned in the Ashta Dasa Shakthi Peetha Stotram by Adi Shankara.[15] This list contains 18
such locations which are often referred to as Maha Shakthi Peeths.[16]
Part of
Sr. State in
Temple Place Appellation the body Shakti Image
No. India/Country
fallen
Triconmalee,
1 Shankari Temple Triconmalee Lankayam Shankari Peetham Heart Shankari
SriLanka
Pradmunyee
3 Shrinkala West Bengal BavTharini Peetham Stomach Maa Shrinkala -
(pandua)
Chamundeshwari Maa
4 Mysore Karnataka Krounja Peetham Hair
Temple Chamundeshwari
Bhramaramba
Andhra Maa
6 Mallikarjuna Srisailam, Srisaila Peetham Neck
Pradesh Bhramarambika
Temple
Temple, Kolhapur
Mahakaleshwar Madhya
9 Ujjain Ujjaini Peetham Tongue Maa Kaali
Jyotirlinga Pradesh
Kukkuteswara Andhra
10 Pithapuram Pushkarini Peetham Back Maa Puruhutika
Swamy Temple Pradesh
part of
Kumararama Andhra left Maa
12 Draksharamam Draksharama Peetham
Bhimeswara Pradesh cheek Manikyamba
Temple
Maa
14 Alopi Devi Mandir Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh Prayaga Peetham Fingers
Madhaveswari
Jwalamukhi Himachal
15. Kangra Jwalamukhi Peetham Head Maa Jwalamukhi
Temple Pradesh
Vishalakshi
17. Varanasi Uttar Pradesh Varanasi Peetham Noses Maa Vishalakshi
Temple
[*]Sharada Peeth: This temple is currently non-existent*.[17] Only ruins are found in these places. Its ruins are near the Line of
Control (LOC)[18] between the Indian and Pakistani-controlled portions of the former princely state of Kashmir and Jammu.
Instead, Sringeri Sharada Peetham, Sringeri in Karnataka even though not a Shakthi Peetha, is this aspect of the goddess.
Requests have been made by the Hindu community in Pakistan to the Pakistani government to renovate the temple, the issue
being raised by former Indian Home minister L. K. Advani to the Pakistan authorities[19] as a confidence-building measure, by
increasing the people to people cross-border interaction.[18]
Among these, the Shakthi Peethas at Kamakhya, Gaya and Ujjain are regarded as the most sacred as they symbolise the
three most important aspects of the Mother Goddess viz. Creation (Kamarupa Devi), Nourishment (Sarvamangala
Devi/Mangalagauri) and Annihilation (Mahakali Devi).
18 Shakthi Peetas
Devanāgarī :
लङ् कायाम् शांकरीदे वी कामा ी का चकापुरे।
ु ने शृङ्खला दे वी चामु दा ौ चप णे॥
अल पुरे जोगुला ब ीशैले मरा बक।
को हापुरमहल मी मा यमेकवी रका॥
उ ज य याम् महाकाळ पी ठकायाम् पु तका।
ओ ढ्यायाम् ग रजादे वी मा ण या द वा टके॥
ह र े े काम पी यागे माधवे री।
वालायाम् वै णवीदे वी गयामा यगौ रके॥
वारणा याम् वशाला ी का मीरेतु सर वती।
अ ादशैवपीठा न यो ननामप लभा नच॥
सायंकालं पठे यम् सवरोग नवारणम्।
सवपापहरम् द म् सवस प करम् शुभम्॥
IAST:
Goddess Shankari in Sri Lanka, Kamakshi in Kanchipuram Goddess Shrinkhala in Pradymna and Chamunda in Mysore
Goddess Jogulamba in Alampur, Goddess Brhamarambika in Sri Shailam Goddess Maha Lakshmi in Kolhapur and Goddess
Eka Veera in Mahur
Goddess Maha Kali in Ujjain, Purhuthika in Peethika Goddess Girija in Odhyana and Manikya in the house of Daksha
Goddess Kama Rupi in the temple of Vishnu, Madhaveshwari in Prayagraj Goddess giving flame in Jwala Mukhi and Mangala
Gowri in Gaya
Goddess Vishalakshi in Varanasi, Saraswati in Kashmir These are the 18 houses of Shakthi, which are rare even to the Devas
When chanted every evening, all the enemies would get destroyed all the diseases would vanish, and prosperity would be
showered.
Vaishnodevi
Jwalamukhi
Chinnamasta
Shyamala
Tripuramalini
Naina Devi
Devi
Dakshayani
Bhadrakali
Varahi
Gandaki
Chandi
Katyayani Mahashira
Ambika
Uma Kamakhya
Kamarupini
Vishalakshi Chandika
Jayanti
Hinglaj Mata Madhaveswa
Mahishasuramardini Mahishmard Aparna
ri/Lalita Sarvamangal ini Tripura
Amba Shivani a Jaya Durga Nandini
Devgarbha Sundari
Mahakali Phullora Dhakeshwari
Avanti Shrinkala
Sugandha
Shaila/Shona Devi
Jeshoreshwari
Kalika Bhawani
Chandrabha
ga Biraja Devi
Saptashrungi Ekavirika
Devi
Vimala
Danteshwari Taratarini
Bhadrakali
Puruhutika
Rakini/Visveshwari
Bhramaramb
Ambabai
ha Manikyamba
Jogulamba
Chamundes Kamakshi
hwari
Sari
Meenakshi
Nagapoosha
ni
Narayani Kanya
Kumari
Shankari
Further reading
Dineschandra Sircar (1998). The Śākta Pīṭhas . Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-0879-9.
Notes
1. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1088366/mata-hinglaj-yatra-to-hingol-a-pilgrimage-to-reincarnation/?amp=1
2. Fuller, Christopher John (2004). The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India . Princeton: Princeton
University Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-691-12048-5.
3. Vanamali (2008). Shakti: Realm of the Divine Mother . Inner Traditions. pp. 83–84, 143–144. ISBN 978-1-59477-785-1.
4. Kunal Chakrabarti; Shubhra Chakrabarti (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis . Scarecrow. p. 430. ISBN 978-0-
8108-8024-5.
7. RAGHUBIR LAL ANAND (February 2014). IS God DEAD????? . Partridge Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4828-1823-9.
9. "Srisailam" .
10. "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
13. https://www.maihartemple.com/about-maihar-temple/
17. Pollock, Sheldon (2006). Language of the Gods in the World of Men. University of California Press.
18. "Pandits denied entry into temple in Pakistan Administered Kashmir" . The Hindu. 3 October 2007.
19. "Pak should renovate Sharada Temple in Pakistan Administered Kashmir: Advani" . zeenews.india. 2 May 2007.
Retrieved 30 July 2013.
20. https://archive.org/details/AbiramiammanSthalaPuranam
https://www.blindaim.com/2018/11/kamakhya-temple.html
References
Phyllis K. Herman, California State University, Northridge (USA), "Siting the Power of the Goddess: Sita Rasoi Shrines in
Modern India ", International Ramayana Conference Held at Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL USA, 21–23 September
2001.
Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions (ISBN 81-208-0379-5) by David Kinsley
[1]
See also
Daksha Yagna – The story of Daksha's sacrifice and the origin of the Shakti Pithas