Topic 2 - Thermochemistry

Topic 2 – Thermochemistry
I Measuring Enthalpy Changes
In all the following questions, assume that the densities and specific heat capacities of the solutions are the
same as pure water. i.e. ρ = 1.0 g cm-3 and c = 4.18 J g-1 K-1
1. Zinc will displace copper from copper (II) sulphate solution according to the following equation:
CuSO 4 (aq) + Zn(s)  Cu(s) + ZnSO 4 (aq)
If an excess of zinc powder is added to 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate, the temperature
increases by 6.3 oC. Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction.
2. Magnesium will also displace copper from copper (II) sulphate solution. If an excess of magnesium is
added to 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate, the temperature increases by 46.3 oC.
a) Calculate the molar enthalpy change for the reaction

b) Calculate the minimum quantity of magnesium required to ensure it is in excess.
c) Calculate the temperature change if only 0.8 g of magnesium is added.
3. When 5.73 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in 100 cm3 of water, the temperature of the water fell
from 22.4 oC to 19.8 oC. Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction.
4. When 2.3 g of magnesium chloride dissolves in 200 cm3 of water, the temperature rose by 3.4 oC.
Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction.
5. If 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 HCl and 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH are mixed, the temperature of the
solution rises by 0.68 oC. Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction in kJmol-1.
6. If 50 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 NaOH is added to 25 cm3 of 2.0 moldm-3 CH 3 COOH, the temperature rose by
8.3 oC. Calculate the molar enthalpy change for the reaction.
II Bond Dissociation Enthalpies
1. Given the following data:
bond ∆H b /kJ mol-1 bond ∆H b /kJ mol-1

C–H +413 H–F +565
C–Br +280 C–F +425
H–Br +366 F–F +158
Br–Br +193 C=O +805
C–C +347 O–H +464
C=C +611 O=O +498
H–H +435
Substance ∆H at /kJmol-1
C(graphite) +713
Calculate:
a) The ∆H for the following reaction: CH 4 (g) + Br 2 (g)  CH 3 Br(g) + HBr(g)

b) The ∆H for the following reaction: CH 4 (g) + F 2 (g)  CH 3 F(g) + HF(g)
c) The enthalpy of formation of HF
d) The enthalpy of formation of propene
e) The enthalpy of formation of 1,2-dibromopropane
f) The enthalpy of formation of methane
g) The enthalpy of formation of ethane
h) The enthalpy of combustion of ethane
2. The enthalpy of formation of ammonia is -46 kJ mol-1 and the bond dissociation enthalpies of nitrogen
gas and hydrogen gas are +945 kJ mol-1 and +436 kJ mol-1 respectively. Calculate the average bond
enthalpy of an N–H bond.
3. Given the following information:
C(s)  C(g) ∆H = +715 kJ mol-1

Cl 2 (g)  2Cl(g) ∆H = +242 kJ mol-1
C(s) + 2Cl 2 (g)  CCl 4 (g) ∆H = -135.5 kJ mol-1
Calculate the average bond dissociation enthalpy of a C–Cl bond.
4. Given that the enthalpy of formation of 1-iodobutane is -52.0 kJ mol-1 and that the bond dissociation
enthalpy of I–I is +214 kJ mol-1, use the data at the top of the page to calculate the bond dissociation
enthalpy of the C–I bond. The structure of 1-iodobutane is shown below:
H H H H
H C C C C I
H H H H
5. Given that the enthalpy of formation of ethanol is -277 kJmol-1, use the data at the top of the page to
calculate the bond dissociation enthalpy of the C–O bond.
III Hess' Law
Using standard enthalpies of formation
Substance H 2 O(l) CO 2 (g) Ethane C 2 H 6 (g) Ethene C 2 H 4 (g)

∆H f /kJmol-1 -285.5 -393 -83.6 +52.0
a) Write equations for the complete combustion of
i) ethane
ii) ethene
iii) hydrogen
b) Calculate the enthalpy of combustion in each case using the above data.
∆H f (CH 4 ) = -74.8 kJ mol-1, ∆H f (CH 3 Cl) = -134.5 kJ mol-1, ∆H f (HCl) = -92.3 kJ mol-1
Calculate ∆H for the reaction CH 4 (g) + Cl 2 (g)  CH 3 Cl(g) + HCl(g)
3. Given the data:
4NH 3 (g) + 3O 2 (g)  2N 2 (g) + 6H 2 O(l) ∆H = -1530 kJ mol-1

H 2 (g) + 1/2O 2 (g)  H 2 O(l) ∆H = -288 kJ mol-1
Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ammonia.
4. Given the data:
Substance B 2 H 6 (g) B 2 O 3 (s) C 6 H 6 (g) CO 2 (g) H 2 O(g)

∆H f /kJ mol-1 +31.4 -1270 +83.9 -393 -242
Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of gaseous diborane and gaseous benzene given that they burn
according to the following equations:
B 2 H 6 (g) + 3O 2 (g)  B 2 O 3 (s) + 3H 2 O(g)

C 6 H 6 (g) + 7.5O 2 (g)  6CO 2 (g) + 3H 2 O(g)
5. When ethanol burns in oxygen under standard conditions, carbon dioxide, water and 1368 kJ mol-1 of
energy are produced. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ethanol, given that the enthalpies of
formation of carbon dioxide and water are -393.7 and -285.9 kJ mol-1 respectively.
Using standard enthalpies of combustion
1. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of butane (C 4 H 10 ) from the following data:
Enthalpy of combustion of graphite = -393.6 kJ mol-1

Enthalpy of combustion of hydrogen = -285.9 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of combustion of butane = -2877.1 kJ mol-1
Substance CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH=CH 2 H2
∆H c /kJ mol-1 -2877 -2717 -286
Calculate ∆H for the following reaction:
CH 3 CH 2 CH=CH 2 + H 2  CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
CH 4 (g) + 2O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) + ∆H = -890 kJ mol-1

2H 2 O(l)
CO(g) + 1/2O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) ∆H = -284 kJ mol-1
C(s) + O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) ∆H = -393 kJ mol-1
H 2 (g) + 1/2O 2 (g)  H 2 O(l) ∆H = -286 kJ mol-1
Calculate:
a) The enthalpy of formation of methane

b) The enthalpy of formation of carbon monoxide
c) The enthalpy change when methane is burned in limited oxygen to form carbon monoxide and water.

Topic 2 - Thermochemistry

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Topic 2 – Thermochemistry

I Measuring Enthalpy Changes

CuSO 4 (aq) + Zn(s)  Cu(s) + ZnSO 4 (aq)

a) Calculate the molar enthalpy change for the reaction

1. Given the following data:

bond ∆H b /kJ mol-1 bond ∆H b /kJ mol-1

a) The ∆H for the following reaction: CH 4 (g) + Br 2 (g)  CH 3 Br(g) + HBr(g)

3. Given the following information:

C(s)  C(g) ∆H = +715 kJ mol-1

Calculate the average bond dissociation enthalpy of a C–Cl bond.

Using standard enthalpies of formation

1. Given the following data:

Substance H 2 O(l) CO 2 (g) Ethane C 2 H 6 (g) Ethene C 2 H 4 (g)

a) Write equations for the complete combustion of

2. Given the following data:

Calculate ∆H for the reaction CH 4 (g) + Cl 2 (g)  CH 3 Cl(g) + HCl(g)

3. Given the data:

4NH 3 (g) + 3O 2 (g)  2N 2 (g) + 6H 2 O(l) ∆H = -1530 kJ mol-1

Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ammonia.

4. Given the data:

Substance B 2 H 6 (g) B 2 O 3 (s) C 6 H 6 (g) CO 2 (g) H 2 O(g)

B 2 H 6 (g) + 3O 2 (g)  B 2 O 3 (s) + 3H 2 O(g)

1. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of butane (C 4 H 10 ) from the following data:

Enthalpy of combustion of graphite = -393.6 kJ mol-1

2. Given the following data:

Calculate ∆H for the following reaction:

3. Given the following data:

CH 4 (g) + 2O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) + ∆H = -890 kJ mol-1

a) The enthalpy of formation of methane

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