Subject: Mathematics

Grade:7J
Date: March 19, 2018
Unit Topic: Algebra
Lesson Topic: Introduction of the Cartesian Plane
Lesson Duration: 60 minutes
Standards:
 Employ algebraic reasoning through the use of expressions, equations and formulae to
interpret, model and solve problems involving unknown quantities.
Specific Objectives:
Students should be able to:
 Describe the Cartesian plane
 Label the parts of the Cartesian plane
 Identify the origin on a coordinate grid
 Describe the naming convention for coordinates in the form (x, y)
 Write coordinates of points as ordered pairs;
 Plot ordered pairs of numbers on the Cartesian plane;
 Identify points on the Cartesian plane;
Key Skills: Engage in discussions, Construct diagrams, Make observations, Problem-solve,
Think critically, Analyze information, Work in groups, Identify patterns, Draw graphs, Predict
outcomes, Record information, Interpret information, Model diagrams, Show relationships,
Model patterns, Deduce relations, Draw conclusions, Locate coordinates,
Key Vocabulary: Cartesian plane, horizontal axis, vertical axis, origin, quadrants, ordered pairs,
axes, plot, points
Instructional Materials:
Notebooks, cartesian plane worksheets, Graph sheets, meter rule, rulers, pencils
Resource Materials:
a) Text
Toolsie, R. (2001). A Complete Mathematics Course for Secondary Schools Book 1. San
Fernando, Trinidad: Caribbean Educational Publishers. pp 382-383
a) Websites:
(n.d.). The Coordinate Plane. Retrieved from
http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/DevelopmentalMath/COURSE_TEXT2_RESO
URCE/U13_L1_T1_text_final.html
Content Outline:
The Cartesian Plane is a number plane consisting of a horizontal number line and a vertical
number line that intersect at right angles. The number lines are referred to as axes. The horizontal
axis in the Cartesian plane is commonly called the x-axis whereas the vertical axis is commonly
called the y-axis. The point at which the two axes intersect is called the origin. The origin is at 0
on the x-axis and 0 on the y-axis.
The intersecting x- and y-axes divide the coordinate plane into four sections. These four sections
are called quadrants. Quadrants are named using the Roman numerals I, II, III, and IV
beginning with the top right quadrant and moving counter clockwise.
Locations on the coordinate plane are described as ordered pairs. An ordered pair tells you the
location of a point by relating the point’s location along the x-axis (the first value of the ordered
pair) and along the y-axis (the second value of the ordered pair).
In an ordered pair, such as (x, y), the first value is called the x-coordinate and the second value
is the y-coordinate. The x-coordinate is listed before the y-coordinate. Since the origin has an x-
coordinate of 0 and a y-coordinate of 0, its ordered pair is written (0, 0).
The labeled Cartesian Plane

(Vertical axis)

Ordered pair
(0,0)
(Point)

(Horizontal axis)

Plotting Points in quadrants on the Cartesian Plane

Consider the point below.
 
 
 
To identify the location of this point, start at the origin (0, 0) and move right along the x-axis
until you are under the point. Look at the label on the x-axis. The 4 indicates that, from the
origin, you have traveled four units to the right along the x-axis. This is the x-coordinate, the first
number in the ordered pair.
 
From 4 on the x-axis move up to the point and notice the number with which it aligns on the y-
axis. The 3 indicates that, after leaving the x-axis, you traveled 3 units up in the vertical
direction, the direction of the y-axis. This number is the y-coordinate, the second number in the
ordered pair. With an x-coordinate of 4 and a y-coordinate of 3, you have the ordered pair (4, 3).

Steps for Plotting an Ordered Pair (x, y) in the Coordinate Plane

1. Determine the x-coordinate. Beginning at the origin, move horizontally, the direction of the
x-axis, the distance given by the x-coordinate. If the x-coordinate is positive, move to the
right; if the x-coordinate is negative, move to the left.
2. Determine the y-coordinate. Beginning at the x-coordinate, move vertically, the direction of
the y-axis, the distance given by the y-coordinate. If the y-coordinate is positive, move up; if
the y-coordinate is negative, move down.
3. Draw a point at the ending location. Label the point with the ordered pair.

Prior Learning:

Check that student can:

  Identify a number line
 Identify points on a number line
 Plot points on the number line

Learning Outcome:
Students will be able to:
 Write coordinates of points as ordered pairs
 Plot ordered pairs of numbers in the first quadrant on the Cartesian plane
 Identify points in the first quadrant on the Cartesian plane
 Engage in group activities and discussions cooperatively

Procedure:
Teacher’s Role Students’ Role
Engage Teacher will draw a horizontal and a vertical Students will view the
number line on the board. Students will then be number lines and respond
asked to indicate what was drawn. Teacher will accordingly to indicate what
then ask students to compare both number lines. they are. Responses may
Teacher will then draw the cartesian plane and ask include; they are number
students what they now notice about the number lines, lines with numbers,
lines. lines with positive and
negative numbers.
Teacher will then explain to the students that what
she has just drawn is known as a cartesian plane In comparing the two lines
and that is what they will be learning about in students responses may
today’s lesson include; one is north to
south while one is east to
west, one is horizontal and
one is vertical, they both
have positive and negative
numbers

After constructing the

cartesian plane and asking
students what they now
notice about the two number
lines. Students responses
may include; both number
lines cross each other at the
center, they form a plus
sign, they meet at a point,
they form perpendicular
lines.
Explore Teacher will explain that several parts of the Students will willingly
Cartesian plane are important to understand before participate in the activity.
we can learn how to use it. In today's lesson, you They will accurately draw
will learn about it and how it is used. and label the axes as well as
Teacher will hand out graph paper to the students. the quadrants. Students will
Teacher will explain to them the purpose and willingly provide answers
provide the students with the necessary where questions are posed.
instructions. Teacher will explain to the students
what the Cartesian plane is. Teacher will model
how to draw the Cartesian plane after which
students will be instructed to follow on the graph
provided. Teacher will take the students into
labelling the axes with “x” and “y”. Teacher will
talk about the plane having four quadrants and
have the students label them “I, II, III, IV.”
Teacher will point out which directions are
positive (right on the horizontal-axis and up on the
vertical-axis) and which directions are negative
(left on the horizontal -axis and down on the
vertical -axis), and have students mark out scales
on each axis. Tell students that where the axes
intersect has a special name. Teacher will ask if
anyone knows the name and provide it if students
do not. (origin)
Explain Teacher will explain the concepts as they explore
the Cartesian plane. Concepts such as “x”-axis,
“y” axis, axes, quadrants, origin, etc.
Elaborat Teacher will complete the cartesian plane by Students should be willing to
e drawing the horizontal and vertical lines. Teacher respond to questions.
will then tell students to carefully observe the four
quadrants and see if there is anything that Students responses to what
differentiates them. Teacher will then elaborate by differentiates them may
pointing out to the students that with the first include; they are at different
quadrant, there is movement along both axes in a locations; the first quadrant
positive direction. In the second quadrant has positive numbers both
movement along the vertical axis is positive while on the x and y axis. The
movement across the horizontal axis is negative. second quadrant has
In the third quadrant movement across both axes positive numbers on the y
is negative. In the fourth quadrant movement axis and negative numbers
across the horizontal axis is positive while on the x axis. The third
movement across the vertical axis is negative. quadrant has negative
Teacher will then ask the students what do they numbers on both the x and y
think is the purpose of the cartesian plane? axis.
Teacher will prompt students by asking them what The fourth quadrant has
the cartesian plane reminds them of? positive numbers on the x
Teacher will then prompt students by asking them axis and negative numbers
 if the cartesian plane reminds them of a map? If on the y axis.
they say yes how so?
What is a map used for? Students responses to the
Teacher will then elaborate and explain to students question what does the
that the purpose the cartesian plane is to locate. cartesian plane remind them
of may be; draft board, tiles,
Teacher will then put a point in the first quadrant a map
on the cartesian plane on the board and label the
point using a capital letter. Students responses to how
Teacher will then ask students what if this point the cartesian plane reminds
represented a country on the map of the world them of a map may include;
map. How could we locate it? it has horizonal and vertical
lines that cross each other,
Teacher will then explain to students that every the map has a main line of
point that is plotted on a cartesian plane has two longitude and a main line of
points associated with it, the first value represents latitude just like the
the x-value and the second value represents the y cartesian plane, the map has
value. The two values are called the coordinates of numbers.
the point and are written as ordered pair (x,y).
Students response to what a
To plot a point on the cartesian plane, start at zero map is used for may include;
and locate the x -coordinate on the x axis and to locate places.
locate the y-coordinate on the y axis.
Students responses to how
Teacher will the put a point in quadrants II, III and they will locate the point
IV and ask students to locate each point by raising may include; we use the
their hands. corresponding numbers on
the x and the y axis.
Teacher will then make any necessary corrections
to students’ responses.
Students should raise their
hands and wait to be
identified before giving a
response.

Evaluate Teacher will instruct students to form groups of 5 Form groups of 5 and
and allow them to complete the worksheet in their Complete the worksheet
groups.

Extended Learning: Have students research information about Rene Descartes' math
contributions, including Cartesian geometry, and share what they learned with the class.
Reflection:
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Name: ___________________________ Coordinate Plane & Ordered Pairs

Ordered Pairs

Tell what point is located at each ordered pair.

1. (3,-2) ______ 2. (2,3) ______ 3. (-5,5) ______

4. (-7,-8) ______ 5. (-4,4) ______ 6. (-5,0) ______

Write the ordered pair for each given point.

7. E ____________ 8. M ____________ 9. P ____________

10. G ____________ 11. Q ____________ 12. N ____________

Plot the following points on the coordinate grid.

13. S (-6,-3) 14. T (2,-4) 15. U (5,8)