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    Guide To Pronunciation of Koine Greek PDF

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    The document provides guidelines for pronouncing Koine Greek, recommending using the pronunciation of Modern Greek for its similarities to late Koine pronunciation and accessibility, and includes tables showing pronunciation of vowels and consonants as well as notes on diacritical marks.

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    Guide To Pronunciation of Koine Greek PDF

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    milanhram
    112 views2 pages
    The document provides guidelines for pronouncing Koine Greek, recommending using the pronunciation of Modern Greek for its similarities to late Koine pronunciation and accessibility, and includes tables showing pronunciation of vowels and consonants as well as notes on diacritical marks.

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    Guide_to_Pronunciation_of_Koine_Greek.pdf

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    The document provides guidelines for pronouncing Koine Greek, recommending using the pronunciation of Modern Greek for its similarities to late Koine pronunciation and accessibility, and includes tables showing pronunciation of vowels and consonants as well as notes on diacritical marks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    112 views2 pages

    Guide To Pronunciation of Koine Greek PDF

    Uploaded by

    milanhram
    The document provides guidelines for pronouncing Koine Greek, recommending using the pronunciation of Modern Greek for its similarities to late Koine pronunciation and accessibility, and includes tables showing pronunciation of vowels and consonants as well as notes on diacritical marks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION OF KOINE GREEK

    By John A. L. Lee. 22 May 2014

    The following pronunciation, which is essentially that of Modern Greek, is recommended even though it
    involves some anachronism. The phonetic developments involved were completed at different times in the
    Koine period, and a small number not until the end of, or even after it. But the arguments in favour of following
    the model of the modern language are: 1) It is less anachronistic than the Classical pronunciation of say 400 BC,
    which underwent rapid change in the Koine period. By I AD the pronunciation was closer to that of Modern
    Greek than to Classical. 2) It accords with the non-standard phonetic spellings frequently encountered in Koine
    Greek documents and is indispensible to reading them. 3) It is the same as a living system of pronunciation, i.e.,
    the modern language, which can be accessed orally and used as a model. 4) To attempt a fully accurate
    synchronic pronunciation would involve producing different pronunciations for different dates in the 900-year
    history of Koine Greek.

    Vowels
    Letter Sound Examples

    α like a in away, or u in luck λάβετε  lávete


    (NOT like a in cat) παραλαμβάνω = paralamváno

    ε like e in get, egg πατέρα = patéra


    αι " λύεται = líete

    ι like i in spit τιμή = timí


    ει " γράφει = ghráfi
    οι " σοι = si οἰκεῖ = ikí
    υ " θυσία = thisía
    η " γραφή = ghrafí ἤδη = ídi
    υι " υἱός = iós ὑγιαίνω = iyéno

    ο like o in on σόν = son ἄνθρωπος = ánthropos


    ω " πάντων = pándon παντός = pandós

    ου like oo in soon, or ou in you σου = soo οὗτος = óotos

    αυ, ευ ⇒ consonants

    Consonants
    Letter Sound Examples

    β like v in van βλέπω = vlépo

    γ 1) before e or i sound: like y in yet γίνομαι = yínome ἐγένετο = eyéneto

    2) before a, o, or u sound, or a consonant: a sound not found in English, similar to g,


    but with vibration. One kind of French r is the same. Ask for a demonstration.
    μέγα = mégha γόνυ = ghóni γέγονα = yéghona

    δ like th in this, other δύναμις = dhínamis

    ζ like z in gaze ζωή = zo-í κράζω = krázo

    θ like th in thing θέλω = thélo

    κ like k in kick καί = ke κάππα = káppa

    λ like l in lick ἔλεος = éleos

    μ like m in me ἐμοῦ = emóo

    ν like n in not ἐνύπνιον = enípnion νῦν = nin


    ξ like x in six, or ks δόξα = dhóxa ξένος = ksénos

    π like p in spot πόλις = pólis

    ρ like r in thrill θύρα = thíra

    σ, ς like s in sit (not like z, except before m or r ⇒ σμ, σρ) εἰς = iss στάσις = stásis

    τ like t in still τήν = tin τέταρτος = tétartos

    φ like f in fill σοφία = sofía

    χ 1) before e or i sound: like h in huge, or ch in German ich


    χεῖρα = hyíra χαίρετε = hyérete

    2) before a, o, or u sound or consonant: like ch in Scottish loch, or ch in German ach


    χάρις = háris χοῦς = hoos

    ψ like ps in apse ψυχή = psihyí

    ντ like nd in and πάντες = pándes ὄντως = óndos

    μπ like mb in timber ἄμπελος = ámbelos εἰς τὴν πόλιν = istimbólin

    γκ like ng in finger ἄγκυρα = ángira εἰσενέγκῃς = isenéngis


    γγ " ἄγγελος = ángelos

    γχ like ng + χ συγχωρῶ = sinhoró

    γξ like nx in sphinx σφίγξ = sfinx

    σμ like sm in spasmodic ἐσμέν = ezmén πρός με = prózme σμύρνα = zmírna

    σρ like sr in Israel Ἰσραήλ = Izraíl

    αυ 1) before unvoiced sound: like uff αὐτός = aftós αὐξάνω = afxáno

    2) before voiced sound: like uvv σταυρός = stavrós αὔριον = ávrion

    ευ 1) before unvoiced sound: like ef εὐχαριστῶ = efharistó ἐλευθερία = elefthería

    2) before voiced sound: like ev κελεύω = kelévo πνεῦμα = pnévma

    ηυ 1) before unvoiced sound: like if ηὔξατο = ífxato

    2) before voiced sound: like iv ηὐδόκησε = ivdhókise

    ου sometimes like w Οὐαλέριος = Walérios

    ι sometimes like y Ἰωσήφ = Yosíf Ἰουλιανός = Youlianós

    Diacritical marks
    Breathings and iota subscript. These have no effect on the pronunciation and are ignored.
    Iota adscript. This iota is often found written, but in pronunciation it is treated the same as iota subscript,
    i.e., ignored. So αι = a, ηι = i, ωι = o. But note in the case of αι the need to distinguish αι = ᾳ (= a) from αι (=
    e). E.g., τῆι αἰτίαι (dat.) = ti etía, but αἱ αἰτίαι (nom.) = e etíe.
    Accents. Stress the syllable marked with an accent, whether a circumflex, acute, or grave (but some graves
    are not stressed). Placing the accent correctly is an essential part of the pronunciation. When a word has two
    accents on different syllables, the second has the main stress if they are in this pattern: τὸ ὄνομά σου = to
    onomá soo. But if the pattern is τὸν οἶκόν σου, the first is stressed and the second not, i.e., ton íkon soo.
    Diaeresis. Indicates that the vowel so marked is not to be combined with the preceding vowel. E.g., λαϊκός
    = la-ikós (not lekós).

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