CHM 421 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

EXPERIMENT 3 :

NEUTRALISATION CAPACITY OF COMMERCIAL ANTACID

TABLET

NAME : OMMY MADINA BINTI ABDUL HALIM

STUDENT NUMBER : 2019295426

GROUP NUMBER : RAS2451A

LECTURER’S NAME : MOHD HAFIZ BIN YAAKOB

DATE EXPERIMENT : 15 OCTOBER 2019

DATELINE EXPERIMENT : 21 OCTOBER 2019

Abstract :

The neutralization capacity is to determine neutralization capacity of commercial antacid tablet

which means to know the acid will neutralize.Next,to standardize the acid against sodium
hydroxide and to prepare the hydrochloric acid.First of all,the hydrochloric acid will prepare in
the conical flask by diluting it from the concentrated solution.Moreover,in this experiment also
will titrate the sodium hydroxide from Experiment 2 which to standardise the exact molarity or
concentration of acid which is hydrochloric acid.The antacid tablet is used the back-titration.The
antacid tablet will weighed,crushed and then dissolve in the standard acid in the conical
flask.After that the antacid tablet will boiled gently and doing the back-titrationn with the
sodium hydroxide.The neutralization capacity in this experiment is 0.3074 mol g -1.

Objectives :

1.To Prepare Hydrochloric Acid Solution

2.To Standardise the Acid against Sodium Hydroxide.

3.To Determine Neutralisation Capacity of a Commercial Antacid Tablet.

Introduction:

In this experiment,hydrochloric acid will act as an acid which not primary standard
solution because it easily vapourise at room temperature.The accurate molarity of
hydrochloric acid is known by standard solution which means the solution of accurately
known concentration.Refer to Experiment 2,KHP earlier is the primary standard
solution,NaOH solution is the secondary standard solution and HCl is standardised as the
tertiary standard solution.The standardised of HCl is to determine the neutralization
capacity of commercial antacid tablet which called back-titration process.

Mostly the commercial antacid tablet is contain active ingredients which usually
carbonate ion (CO32-) or hydroxide ion (OH-).This experiment is to determine mass and the
percentage of hydroxide ion in the tablet.Neutalisation capacity is the amount of
hydrochloric acid that can neutralize.The remaining amount of HCl is calculated with the
standard NaOH solution from the Experiment 2.The difference in the amount of HCl added
initially in the excess and the remaining will gives the amount reacts with the antacid
tablet.So the calculation of neutralization capacity of commercial antacid tablet is the
amount reacts with the antacid tablet divide by weight or mass of one whole antacid tablet.
Method:

A.Preparation of the Hydrochloric Acid Solution.

The volume of 6.0M HCl was calculated that need to prepare 250 mL of 1.0 M HCl.The
rough volume of distilled water required also was calculated.About 80% of the required distilled
water was poured into 500mL conical flask.Using a graduated cylinder,the calculated volume of
6.0M HCl was measured and transferedto the conical flask.To make up to 250mL was added
distilled water mark on the conical flask.The flask was carefully covered with parafilm and the
solution was mixed well.Parafilm is expandable so a small piece of it will do the job well.The
solution was labelled.

B. Standardisation of the Acid against Sodium Hydroxide.

In this procedure,the secondary standard NaOH solution will be used to standardise the
HCl solution prepared above to form a tertiary standard.A 50 mL burette was rinsed and filled
with standard NaOH solution.The initial reading was recorded after checking and removing the
air bubbles at the burette’s tip.10.0 mL accurately was pipetted and trasfered of prepared
hydrochloric acid solution into a clean conical flask.About 20 mL distilled water was added
followed by 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the flask and to the end-point was titrated
with standard NaOH solution.The final reading of the titrant was recorded.This titration was
repeated at least two more times.

C.Determination of Neutralisation Capacity of an Antacid Tablet.

The above burette was refilled containing the NaOH solution.Any air bubble was checked
and removed present at the tip.The initial reading was recorded.One antacid tablet provided
was obtained in the laboratory.The tablet was weighted and it mass was recorded in your
notebook.Carefully,the antacid tablet was crushed using mortar and pestle.The crush tablet was
splitted into two or three samples (depending on the weight of the tablet, ± 0.2g each
sample).The mass of each crushed samples was recorded in the laboratory notebook.Each
sample was transferred to clean 250 mL conical flask.
 Aproximately 25 mL of distilled water was measured and it was poured to the
flask.Carefully using a volumetric pipette,25.0 mL was accurately dispensed of standard acid into
the flask containing the crushed tablet.Next,the contents was heated in the flask on a hot
plate.Gently the solution was boiled for 5 minuted.The sample may not completely dissolved
even after boiling due to the presence of ‘filters’ but any base in the sample will have reacted
with the excess HCl.Using the litmus paper that the flask was checked that only contains the
remaining acid solution.

The solution was let to cool down temperature by carefully placing the flask in a beaker
of tap water.5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator was added to the solution.The indicator was
changed the colour from colourless to red.The titration should be very careful because the
endpoint is pale pink.If too much base,it have to back-titrate with standard HCl.It need to add
carefully measured volume of standard HCl to return the solution to colourless.The experiment
was repeated with the other two sample.All the data was record in the lab notebook.

Clean Up

Any remaining solution was discarded from the burette.The burette was washed with
tap water.Then ,leaving stopcock opened, the inverted burette was returned to the burette
standThe pipette was washed and all the glassware was washed and cleaned and was returned
to the storage location.Wiped oof afrom any mess and spills.
Results :

A. Preparation of the Hydrochloric Acid Solution.

Volume of 6.0 M HCl taken = 41.67 mL

B. Standardisation of the Acid against Sodium Hydroxide.

Rough
Volume of the acid used (mL) 10
Final reading of NaOH 57.50
Initial reading of NaOH 0.00
Volume of NaOH (mL) used 57.50
Table 1 : Standardisation of the Acid against Sodium

C. Determination of Neutralisation Capacity of an Antacid Tablet

Weight of one whole Antacid Tablet = 0.7382 g

1 2
Weight of crushed antacid tablet(g) 0.2042 0.2061
Volume of standard HCl added (mL) 25 25
Final reading of standard NaOH 134.50 134.90
Initial reading of standard NaOH 0.00 0.00
Volume of standard NaOH (mL) used 134.50 134.90

Table 2 : Determination of Neutralisation Capacity of an Antacid Tablet

Calculation :

A.Preparation of the Hydrochloric Acid Solution

M1V1=M2V2
(6.0M)( V1) = (250 mL)( 1.0 M)
V1 = (250 mL)( 1.0 M) / (6.0M)
V1 = 41.67 mL

B.Standardisation of the Acid against Sodium Hydroxide

ROUGH :

Molarity of NaOH used get from Experiment 2 = 0.17 M

HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H20(l)

Mole of NaOH = Volume of NaOH x molarity of NaOH

= 57.5 x10-3L X 0.17 M

= 0.0097 mol of NaOH

1 mole of NaOH is need 1 mole of HCl

Mole of HCl = Volume of HCl x molarity of HCl

= 57.5 x10-3L X 0.17 M

= 0.0097 mol of HCl

Molarity of HCl = 0.0097 mol/0.01

= 0.97 M

C. Determination of Neutralisation Capacity of an Antacid Tablet

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCI MgCl + 2H2O

Moles of HCl reacted with antacid = Total Number moles of HCl - Moles of HCl react with NaOH
Total Number moles of HCl = (1.0)(250)/1000

= 0.25 mol

Moles of NaOH (titrated) = (0.17)(134.5) /1000

= 0.0229 mol

1 mole of NaOH is need 1 mole of HCl .Therefore 0.0229 mole of NaOH is need 0.0229 mole.

Moles of HCl react with NaOH = 0.0229 mol

Moles of HCl reacted with antacid = 0.25 mol - 0.0229 mol

= 0.2271 mol

Weight of one whole Antacid Tablet = 0.7382 g

Acid Nutralisation Capacity = 0.2271 mol / 0.7387 g

= 0.3074 mol g-1

Discussion:

This experiment actually to determine the neutralization capacity of commercial antacid

tablet that means to calculate the exact amount which acid can be neutralize.Firstly,the
experiment will prepare the hydrochloric acid solution which the stock solution molarity 6.0M
that measured for 41.67 mL to prepare 250 mL of 1.0 M of hydrochloric acid.The volume that
have been measured which is 41.67 mL will transfer to the conical flask with water which later
on will added until 250 mL.The mixture will shaken continuously and vigorously to get
homogenous solution.
 Next,the hydrochloric acid is standardised against sodium hydroxide.The sodium
hydroxide get from the previous experiment.In this experiment the hydrochloric acid with a
volume 10.0 mL respectively titrated against sodium hydroxide which is the volume NaOH used
is 57.5 mL.Lastly,the step to determine the neutralization capacity of commercial antacid
tablet.Weighing the antacid tablet without touching any side of antacid tablet and crushed the
antacid tablet using pestle and mortar.The crushed antacid tablet will weighing and divide to
three from the weight of one whole antacid tablet.Start the titration as usual until the indicator
from colourless to pale pink.

There are some error that make the result of this experiment become less
accurate.Firstly,the parallex errors which is the eye’s level is not perpendicular with the burette
reading during record the observation.Next,before adjusting the initial volume and titration
there are air bubble in the burette.Moreover,the flask does not swirled completely when the
colourless turn to pale pink make the endpoint of the experiment become less accurate.

The weaknesses of the experiment may affected the result so it have some suggestion as
a preventation to be improve for the next experiment.Firstly,make sure that the eye’s level
perpendicular with the burette reading to avoid parallex error during
experiment.Furthermore,turn the stopcocks 360° a few time until the air bubble are
removed.Lastly,the flask should swirl completely to get the accurate endpoint which once the
indicator turn from colourless to pale pink the titration should stop which is the endpoint reach.

Conclusion :

The hydrochloric acid has been prepared which is 41.67 mL of 6.0 M HCl to prepare 250
mL of 1.0 M HCl.In this experiment also need to standardise the hydrochloric acid against
sodium hydroxide which is the molarity of the acid is 0.97 M.Next,neutralisation capacity of a
commercial antacid acid can be determined which is 0.3074 mol g -1.

References :
General Chemistry (n.d),Determination of the Amount of Acid Neutralized by an Antacid Tablet
using Back Titration.Retrieved October 19,2019 from
https://www.webassign.net/question_assets/uscgenchem1/lab4/manual.html

Julia Trimble (n.d),Acid-Base Titrations :Standardization of NaOH and Antacid Analysis.Retrieved

October 19,2019 from https://www.odinity.com/acid-base-titration-analysis/

LibreTexts (June 16,2019).Analysis of A Commercial Antacid. Retrieved

October19,2019 from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Course/University_of_California_David/UCD_Chem_002B
%3A_Laboratory_Manual/3%3A_Analysis_of_Commercial_Antacid_(Experiment)

Question:

1.Acid is always added to water,and never the reverse .Why?

Because when strong acid is mixed with the water,a large amount of heat is released so more
acids will released more heat.If added water to acids extremely concentrated solution of acid
will fomed initially.But if more acid added with water the solution become very dilute and the
small amount of heat released that will not vaporize and spatter in.
2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the antacid with HCl if the antacid
contains hydroxide ion ?

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCI MgCl + 2H2O

3.Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if the antacid contains carbonate ion.

2 HCl (aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + H20(l) + CO2(g)