Terms

Grammar Cheat Sheet

Types of Sentences
Subject (S) Part of a sentence. Tells WHO /what the sentence is about
Ex. Time flies. The GOOD
Predicate (P) Part of a sentence. Tells WHAT the subject is doing Simple Sentence S + P. or I.
Ex. Time flies.

**Adds detail by describing noun Compound 1 I;I.

Adjective
5 senses, color, size, quantity, quality, condition, type
Compound 2 I , FANBOYS I .
Adverb **Adds detail by describing the verb
How? Where? When? How much? How often? Compound 3 I; transition , I.
Pronoun Replaces a noun (Always name the noun first) Complex 4 AAAWWUBBIS D,I.
Ex. Jim is on the baseball team. He is the catcher.
Complex 5 I AAAWWUBBIS D .
Preposition **Adds detail by describing time, place, and direction
Ex. under the chair
The BAD
Conjunction (FANBOYS) (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) connect clauses or sentences
Fragment S. or P.
Dependent Clause (D) S + P but cannot stand alone due to AAAWWUBBIS
Ex. Although it is cold… Run-on S P S P.

Independent Clause (I) S + P and can stand alone J

Comma splice I,I.
Ex. It is cold.

AAAWWUBBIS After, Although, As, While, When, Until, Before, Because, If, Subject Verb Agreement =
Since The subject and verb must agree in number.
Ex. My dog always growls at the mail carrier.
Verb Tense Be consistent Double Ending Punctuation
Correct: Apostrophes
Negatives
.
He looked for gold, but he never found it. To show Singular (1):
Incorrect: Avoid using 2 S+P
Ryan’s homework
words that ownership
He looks for gold, but he never found it. (or other good sentences)
mean “no” in Singular (1) ends in S:
one sentence
Homophones Clue: Start with… Ms. Jones’s marker
Who? Can?

?
Plural (2+) ends in S:
What ? Do?
its belonging to it
Capitalize When? Are? The dogs’ bones
it’s it is Months Where? How? Plural (2+) doesn’t end in S:
Why? Which?
than comparison I The women’s group

!
Names Expresses a strong Contractions
It’s Saturday.
then time

your belonging to you

Titles feeling
(It is Saturday.)
Start of
you’re you are
sentence Commas
there location Quotation Marks
Series of 3 +
cheese, ham, and lettuce
their belonging to them 1. Capitalize the first word in a complete quote.
2. Don’t capitalize a partial quote or the second City and state
they’re they are
part of interrupted dialogue (quote+tag+quote). Houston, TX
to shows direction 3. Punctuation goes inside the quotation marks.
Letters
4. If the quote ends with a dialogue tag such as Dear John , Sincerely ,
too also said Dan, end the quote with a comma.
Dates
May 11, 2013
5. Indent each time a new speaker begins to talk.
two number
6. Use single quotation marks if quoting a quote.
Quotes
He said, “Ok.”
Figurative Language Makes your writing more interesting. Try these:
Interjections
Simile= Compares 2 things using like or as (Ex. hard as a rock) No, I won’t do it.
Metaphor= Compares 2 things (Ex. Is a monster)
Transition words
Idiom=An expression that is not interpreted literally (Ex. Add fuel to the fire) Finally,
Personification=Giving non-human objects human qualities (Ex. The flowers danced)
Onomatopoeia=Words that imitate sounds (Ex. Ding-dong!) Compound #2 and Complex #4
Alliteration =Words sharing the same initial sound occur close together (Ex. Best Buy)
Direct address
Hyperbole=An exaggeration for the sake of emphasis (Ex. Grandma is as old as the hills) , please sit down.
Jane
 Don’t skip lines between Essay Cheat Sheet

corrections
Neat copy
including
Publish
paragraphs. Just Indent.

Introduction= Thesis: What + Why?

Introduction Hook (Avoid “I”) Choose a side
+Connect
+Thesis

Writing Process Tracker

Body 1 Body Paragraphs= Hooks

Make it look
good (CUPS)
Reason or Example
+Evidence
S tatement

Edit
+Explain Impact Remember:
Check every paragraph
Body 2 Q uote to make sure it
Conclusion= connects to your
Call out Pattern A nalogy
thesis.
Conclusion + Restate Thesis
+ Memorable D efinition

Use ARMS so it makes logical

sense and connects to thesis
HELP Chart

every paragraph
To brainstorm reasons, examples,
FACTORING TREE

Revise
nonexamples, and evidence
helps you organize your essay
History- Expertise- using
and current personal connections
events/people with credible
people/events
81
(Thesis) =pink
Literature- Pop culture- Space exploration is a waste of
Intro

Novels, plays, movies/TV shows, money and is dangerous.

memoirs celebrities, sports

9 9
Transition Words (Reason or Example) =green= (Reason or Example)

Don’t stop to
Start writing.
Connect Ideas at the beginning and The cost The danger

correct.
middle of paragraphs

Draft
Body

Additionally, Moreover
After all, Of course
Before, Likewise 3 3 3 3
Finally, Comparatively
In addition, Furthermore (Evidence (Evidence (Evidence (Evidence
To begin with, An advantage +Explain +Explain +Explain +Explain
Until now, In other words Impact) Impact) Impact) Impact)
Occasionally Therefore =blue =blue =blue
In closing, Hence Complications =blue
Millions US deficit Air pollution
Consequently, That is to say needed for like Challenger and space
Make Factoring Tree
continues to
Overall, In this case infrastructure or Apollo 11
Brainstorm

rise junk
& HELP Chart
To conclude, Another key point
Thus, Notably
Although Namely
Conversely, Specifically
However, Surprisingly Analyzing a Writing Prompt
In contrast, Frequently

]
A disadvantage Significantly 1.
In comparison, In general
Similarly, In particular Start Here.
Likewise, To emphasize Echo in your
Fortunately, To illustrate Thesis
In the first place With this in mind
Not only, but also As a result
As a matter of fact Best of all 2.
Analyze
Prompt
Mark it up

In addition
Equally important
Perhaps
For example
Next…
By the same token Another example
DO NOT COPY!
Again For instance Use as inspiration
Also According to for
Reasons/Examples
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