International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)

Volume 169 – No.1, July 2017

Smart Car Parking System using Arduino UNO

Suvarna Nandyal, PhD Sabiya Sultana Sadaf Anjum

Prof & H.O.D Dept Student Student
Of Computer Science & Computer Science & Computer Science & Engineering
Engineering Engineering Department Department
PDA College of Engineering PDA College of Engineering PDA College of Engineering
Gulbarga, India Gulbarga, India Gulbarga, India

The fundamental inspiration of this venture is to diminish the

ABSTRACT movement clog that happens in and around the urban zones
In the early times the concept of smart cities have gained great
which is brought on by vehicles looking for parking. In the
popularity. The proposed Smart Parking system consists of an
daily papers, many articles with respect to the stopping issue
on-site deployment of an IOT module that is used to monitor
all over India like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore and
and signalize the state of availability of single parking space.
numerous metropolitan urban areas. Developing populace has
This paper introduce an IOT based coordinated framework for
made numerous issues; stopping issue is one of the enormous
efficient and easy way of parking the vehicles by checking the
issues in our everyday life. In a current study, analysts have
availability of slots. The proposed Smart Parking framework
found that for one year, car cruising for stopping made what
comprises of an IOT module that is utilized to screen and
might as well be called 38 times trips far and wide, consuming
signalize the condition of accessibility of single parking spot.
177914.8 liters of fuel and delivering 730 tons of CO2. To
The paper additionally depicts an abnormal state perspective
diminish every one of these elements we go for the savvy
of the framework engineering. Towards the end, the paper
stopping framework.
examines the working of the framework in type of an
utilization case that demonstrates the rightness of the a) To build up a canny, easy to understand robotized car
proposed show. stopping framework which diminishes the labour and
movement blockage.
The Ultrasonic Range Detection Sensor is utilized with
Arduino to indicate the empty slot .By measuring the distance b) To offer sheltered and secure stopping openings inside
using ultrasonic sensor drivers are able to find the empty slot constrained territory.
in parking to park the car and help the driver to find the slot
easily and reduce the searching time.As the parking place is Parking garage Problems
found to be empty it is detected using ultrasonic sensors Trouble in Finding Vacant Spaces, Quickly finding an empty
which report it further. We achieved this by programming the space in a multilevel parking garage is troublesome if not
sensors and Arduino. unthinkable, particularly on ends of the week or open
occasions. Discovering spaces amid ends of the week or open
Keywords occasions can take over 10 minutes for around 66% of guests.
Smart Car Parking, IOT, Ardunio Uno, Ultrasonic Sensor. Stadiums or shopping center are swarmed at pinnacle periods,
and trouble in finding empty openings at these spots is a
1. INTRODUCTION noteworthy issue for clients. Inadequate car parking space \
At the point when IoT is increased with sensors and actuators, prompt activity blockage and driver disappointment.
the innovation turns into an occurrence of the more broad
class of digital physical frameworks, which likewise 2. RELATED WORK
incorporates advances. For Example, keen networks, virtual
power plants, brilliant homes, astute transportation and 2.1 Mr. Basavaraju S R-2015 An
has proposed
shrewd urban communities. Among the difficulties that Carmatic Smart Parking System using Internet of
confront in everyday life one of most unavoidable test is Things (IOT)-------Internet of Things (IOT) plays a vital
parking the car wherever people go. As our need expands our role in connecting the surrounding environmental things to the
setting out increments however because of extreme increment network and made easy to access those un-internet things
in utilization of vehicles and increment in populace this from any remote location. It’s inevitable for the people to
project confront the intense assignment of parking car update with the growing technology. And generally people are
especially amid busiest hours of the day. Amid pinnacle hours facing problems on parking vehicles in parking slots in a city.
the majority of the saved parking zone gets full and this leaves In this study we design a Smart Parking System (SPS) which
the client to scan for their parking among other parking area enables the user to find the nearest parking area and gives
which makes more movement and abandons them with no availability of parking slots in that respective parking area.
sign on accessibility of parking spot. To defeat this issue there And it mainly focus on reducing the time in finding
is certainly a requirement for composed parking in business theparking lots and also it avoids the unnecessary travelling
condition. To outline such parking there need to assess through filled parking lots in a parking area. Thus it reduces
reservation of parking space with ideal parking spot which the fuel consumption which in turn reduces carbon footprints
relies upon cost and time. However this project compose the in an atmosphere.
time driven grouping strategy which takes care of the issue of
parking utilizing opening assignment technique. Our system is a Raspberry pi based parking sensor which
contains pi-camera to detect the empty parking spaces and
sends this data to server, this stored data is accessed by users.

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 169 – No.1, July 2017

This enhances the user to check the status/availability of deployment of an IoT module that is used to monitor and
parking spaces before setting their journey. Here the challenge signalize the state of availability of each single parking space.
is to use the existing resources in optimum level to reduce the
searching time, traffic congestion in the city. Some embedded The concept of Smart Cities have always been a dream for
systems such as auridino, raspberry pi, Tsgate, Tsmote etc. are humanity. Since the past couple of years large advancements
used to develop internet of things applications. have been made in making smart cities a reality. The growth
of Internet of Things and Cloud technologies have give rise to
A few existing parking system which uses sensors to collect new possibilities in terms of smart cities. Smart parking
the information but using sensors like video sensors in a facilities and traffic management systems have always been at
parking system are expensive so our aim is to develop a the core of constructing smart cities. In this paper, we address
system with less cost with more performance. the issue of parking and present an IoT based Cloud integrated
smart parking system. The system that we propose provides
2.2 Deepthi. S, Anil A R has proposed A real time information regarding availability of parking slots in
Survey on Smart Parking System Based on a parking area. Users from remote locations could book a
Internet of Things------ In today life people don’t depend parking slot for them by the use of our mobile application.
The efforts made in this paper are indented to improve the
on public vehicles. They use their own vehicles to travel. So
parking facilities of a city and thereby aiming to enhance the
traffic increases. When people travel through a city the most
quality of life of its people.
difficult problem is to park the vehicle. It causes not only a
waste of time and fuel for drivers looking for parking but it 2.5 R. Yusnita, FarizaNorbaya, and
also leads to additional waste of time and fuel for other
drivers as a result of traffic congestion. At first we use PGI Norazwinawati Basharuddin-2012 has proposed
(Parking Guidance Information) for better parking “Intelligent Parking Space Detection System
management. Parking information may be displayed on VMS Based on Image Processing”------This paper aims to
(Variable Message Sign) at major roads or streets or it may be present an intelligent system for parking space detection based
disseminated through the internet. In PGI systems e-parking is on image processing technique that capture and process the
an innovative platform which allows drivers to obtain parking brown rounded image drawn at parking lot and produce the
information before or during a trip and reserve a parking spot. information of the empty car parking spaces. It will be display
2.2.1 To overcome the limitations of PGI system Yanfeng at the display unit that consists of seven segments in real time.
Geng proposes [3] a new concept “Optimal parking based on The seven segments display shows the number of current
resource allocation and reservation”. It uses the concept of available parking lots in the parking area. This proposed
mixed integer linear problem. When people go through a system, has been developed in software and hardware
downtown area, there much rush and traffic. In this case to platform.
find the available location for parking is very difficult. So
implementing optimal parking people can easily park vehicle
2.6 M. M. Rashid, A. Musa, M.
in the reserved locations. When a person with disability trying AtaurRahman, and N. Farahana, A. Farhana-
to park a vehicle in a city having heavy traffic, So he faces 2012 has proposed “Carmatic Parking Management
several problems in such a situation to search and park the System and Parking Fee Collection Based on
vehicle difficult. The disabled person can park the vehicle in a
specially designed location. The intelligent parking finds the Number Plate Recognition”-----This paper discussed
best available parking, minimizing the cost. The parking and on carmatic parking system and electronic parking fee
un parking can be done with the help of an android collection based on vehicle number plate recognition. The aim
application. User has to install the android application on of this research is to develop and implement an carmatic
his/her smart phone devices, which would have the facility to parking system that will increase convenience and security of
pre-book the parking slot. the public parking lot as well as collecting parking fee without
hassles of using magnetic card. The car parking system will
2.3 D. J. Bonde Jan-2012 has proposed “Carmated able to have less interaction of humans and use no magnetic
car parking system commanded by android card and its devices. In additions to that, it has parking
guidance system that can show and guide user towards a
application”-----The aim of this project is to carmate the parking space. The system used image processing of
car and car parking as well. A miniature model of an carmated recognizing number plates for operation of parking and billing
car parking system that can regulate and manage number of system. Overall, the systems run with pre-programmed
cars that can be parked in given space at any given time based controller to make minimum human involvement in parking
on the availability of parking slot. Carmated parking is a system and ensure access control in restricted places.
method of parking and existing cars using sensing device.
2.7 D.B.L. Bong, K.C. Ting and K.C. Lai-
2.4 Abhirup Khanna-2016 has worked on IOT
2007 has worked on Integrated approach in the
based smart parking system-----Recent times the
concept of smart cities have gained grate popularity. Thanks design of car park occupancy information system
to the evolution of Internet of things the idea of smart city (coins)----- In large parking areas such as those at mega
now seems to be achievable. Consistent efforts are being shopping malls or stadiums, drivers always have difficulty to
made in the field of IoT in order to maximize the productivity find vacant car park lots especially during peak periods or
and reliability of urban infrastructure. Problems such as, when the parking lots are almost full. A solution to reduce the
traffic congestion, limited car parking facilities and road drivers’ searching time for vacant car-park lots will greatly
safety are being addressed by IoT. In this paper, we present an save time, reduce cost and improve the traffic flow in the car
IoT based cloud integrated smart parking system. The park areas. In this paper, a research project which was
proposed Smart Parking system consists of an on-site developed to acquire car-park occupancy information using
integrated approach of image processing algorithms is

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 169 – No.1, July 2017

presented. Security surveillance cameras which are readily car parking mobile application is developed for android
available in most car parks can be used to acquire the images mobile phones. When a user enters into a city an carmatic
of the car park. This project is called as Car-Park Occupancy request is sent by the application to a OSGi car parking web
Information System (COINS), and it was tested using server asking for available car parking lots. The server finds
simulation model and also in real-case scenarios. Many the best available car parking lots for this user based on their
different parking guidance systems have been developed and preferences specified in the user profile. Driving directions
designed to shorten the searching time for vacant parking lots. are returned to the user along with a detailed map.
This is especially crucial for drivers who need to search for
available car parks during peak hours or when the car parks 2.9 A Cloud-Based Smart-Parking System
are almost full. Researches on car park occupancy information Based on Internet-of-Things Technologies---
generally fall into four categories – counter-based, wired-
based, wireless-based and image-based systems. Results from This paper provides a unique algorithm which increases the
the tests have been presented in this paper and shows accurate capability of the current cloud based smart parking system [5]
detection result of the car park occupancy. Feature detection and it also develops a network architecture based on the
stream is able to compensate the presence of image noise Internet of Things technology. This system helps the users to
while edge detection stream is able to compensate weakness find a free parking space with minimal cost based on new
caused by low surrounding illumination. performance metrics which is carmatic. This metrics will
calculate the user spaces in each car park. To enhance the
2.8 Ivan Ganchev and Mairtin O’ Droma has parking management, an intelligent parking system was
proposed et.at [6] “A cloud based intelligent car developed which reduced the purpose of hiring people to
maintain the parking system [1]. In this paper it proposes an
parking services for smart cities”------ In this the IOT effective cloud-based Smart parking system based on the
sub system includes sensor layer, communication layer and
Internet of Things. The data that includes the vehicle GPS
application layer. The primary goal of the intelligent car
location and distance between car parks and number of free
parking system is to find, allocate and reserve the best
parking space in car parks will be sent to the data center. Here
available car parking lot for a user who is driving a car in a
the data center is presented as a cloud server which calculates
particular area and to provide instructions for reaching this lot.
the costs of a user parking request and this information is
Sensor layer detecting the car lot occupancy. A car parking lot
regularly updated and is made available to the vehicles in the
detection method is proposed based on carmatic threshold
network at any time. In this proposed system, each car park is
algorithm. An infostation based multi-agent system
an IoT network and it operates independently as a regular car
facilitating a car parking locator service is proposed. An
park. This paper implements a system model with wireless
access control system for reducing the waiting time proposed.
access in an open-source physical computing platform based
At the application layer, an information centre provides cloud
on Arduino with RFID technology. It uses smartphone that
based service. An IOT management centre administrates the
acts as a user interface between the cloud and the vehicles to
smart city via an IOT integrated service portal. A number of
check the feasibility of the proposed system [4].
business services explore interfaces to the sensor layer. These
includes a car parking locator service, car parking supervision 2.10 A New “Smart Parking” System Based on
service, car parking information service, GIS and GPS
Optimal Resource Allocation and Reservations-----
services, vehicle license patrolling, vehicle tracking service.
In this system a new smart parking system is implemented for
At the communication layer various wireless technologies
cities. This system assigns and reserves a parking space for a
provide connection between the application and the sensor
user (driver) based on the users distance from the parking area
layer based on the ABC&S(Always Best Connected and Best
and parking cost and also ensures that the overall parking
Served Communication paradigm. A 3-tier infostation based
capacity is effectively utilized. Their approach solves a Mixed
network architecture could be integrated in this layer to
Integer Linear Program (MILP) problem at each decision
enable” anytime-anywhere-anyhow communication” among
point in a time-driven sequence [3]. For each MILP there is a
smart cities. Different sensing technologies could be utilized
solution which gives an optimal allocation based on user’s
at the sensor layer such as Radio Frequency Identification
current state information and also supports random events
(RFID), laser, infrared, radar, ultrasonic, CCTV, acoustic.
such as new user requests and parking space availability. The
RFID used for embedded parking solutions. CCTV with video
allocation is updated at the next decision point which ensures
image processing for detecting the status of parking lots.
that there is no parking slot reservation conflict and that no
Communication layer includes3G, 4G, ZigBee, Wifi, wiMax,
user is ever assigned a parking slot with higher than the
V2X,WSN, VANET. 3G/4G communication module used for
current cost function value. This mechanism ensures a better
car’s tracking and tracing. Parking meter is an optimal
response from the system along with assured reservations.
element needed only for paid car parks. The architecture
consists of a cloud tier, mobile apps tier, OSGI web servers 2.11 Faiz Shaikh1, Nikhilkumar B.S.2,
tier. Cloud tier provides data storage and computing resources
for the car parking service. It stores available car parking lots, Omkar Kulkarni3, Pratik Jadhav4 ,Saideep
car’s location, user’s location, profiles etc. The recent data is Bandarkar5-2015 has proposed A Survey on
usually stored in Hadoop’s Hbase it support real time queries. “Smart Parking” System-----People owning vehicles
The OSGI web server, it acts as bridge between mobile face parking problems in most metropolitan area, especially
application tier and cloud tier. Considering the great number during peak hours. The difficulty roots from not knowing
of web applications running in this tier, it should support the where the parking spaces are available at the given time, even
deployment of new or updated application without stopping or if this is known; many vehicles may pursue a small number of
restarting the web server. The OSGi provides an environment parking spaces which in turn leads to serious traffic
to modularize web applications into bundles. The bundles are congestion. This paper focuses on different smart parking
registering itself in its environment. A distributed collecting techniques developed to overcome said problem using various
system collects web server’s log data and sends them to the wireless sensor network and providing real-time data analysis
cloud. In the mobile application tier, the first version of the

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 169 – No.1, July 2017

from the sensors, some papers include system based on

resource allocation and reservation of parking lot which have
various problems in efficiently achieving the goals. The given
paper would be useful for new researchers for study of various
guided parking and information techniques and algorithms
which are covered in this paper.

2.12 Prof. Yashomati R. Dhumal1, Harshala

A. Waghmare2, Aishwarya S. Tole2, Swati R.
Shilimkar2-2016 has proposed Android Based
Smart Car Parking System-----The purpose of this
system is to computerize the parking space reservation. Its
talk about undertaking which introduces a miniature model of
car parking that can direct and manage the number of cars that Figure 1: Proposed Architecture
can be parked in given space at any given time based on
As the populace expanded in the metropolitan urban areas, the
availability of parking space after doing the registration by
utilization of the vehicles has also expanded. It causes issue
user using android application on his smart phone. Carmated
for stopping which prompts movement clog, driver
parking is a strategy for parking and leaving cars utilizing
disappointment, and air contamination. When we visit the
detecting device i.e., sensors. The entering to or leaving from
different open spots like shopping centres, multiplex film
parking lot is also commanded by an android based
lobby and lodgings amid the celebration time or ends of the
application. This provide users to book parking spaces online
week it makes all the more stopping issue. In the current
in advance for given location and then park the vehicle with
research found that a driver takes almost 8 minutes to stop his
minimal fees. We have concentrated on some current systems
vehicle since he invest more energy in looking the parking
and it shows that the current systems are not totally carmated
area. This seeking prompts 30 to 40% of activity blockage.
and require a certain level of human interference and
This project perceives how to diminish the stopping issue and
communication with the system. The difference between our
to do secured stopping utilizing the shrewd stopping under
system and existing systems is that we intend to make our
Slot Allocation strategy with the assistance of Arduino UNO.
system as less human independent by carmating whole
The primary commitment of our proposed frameworks is to
parking area.
discover status of the stopping territory and give secured
2.13 Vishwanath Y1, Aishwarya D Kuchalli2, stopping. In the course of recent years, movement experts in
numerous urban areas have built up a model called Parking
Debarupa Rakshit-2016 has proposed A survey Guidance and Information (PGI) framework for good
paper on smart parking system based on internet of stopping administration. PGI frameworks, tells about the
things a Smart Parking system---- It provides an dynamic data of stopping in the controlled region and aides
optimal solution for parking problem in metropolitan cities. the clients to the empty stopping spaces.
Due to rapid increase in vehicle density especially during the
peak hours of the day, it is a difficult task for the drivers to
find a parking space to park their vehicles. The aim of the
paper is to resolve the above mentioned issue which provides
the Smart Parking system. This system uses cloud computing
and Internet of Things (IOT) technology. A suitable shortest
path algorithm is used to find the minimum distance between
the user and each car park in the system. Thus, the waiting
time of the user is minimized .The paper also introduces the
usage of android application using smart phone for the
interaction between the Smart Parking system and the user.
RFID technology is used in this system to avoid the human
intervention which minimizes the cost.

3. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY Figure 2: Demonstration of Parking Slot

Shrewd Car Parking System Using Arduino UNO Designing,
creating and delivering a main edge stopping innovation is
called as Smart stopping. It is a vehicle stopping framework 3.1 The elements of the proposed
that helps drivers locate an empty spot. Utilizing the framework are:
Ultrasonic sensors in each stopping space, it identifies the • Drivers find accessible parking spots close to them.
nearness or nonattendance of a vehicle. Brilliant Parking • Less number of drivers seeking to stop, in this way
framework is demonstrated as a correct, strong and cost decreases the movement clog.
effective approach to guarantee that street clients know • Avoids air contamination and a dangerous atmospheric
precisely where empty car parking spots are. deviation.
• Scalable, hearty and solid.
• Reduces the driver stretch and enhances the urban range.
• Provides devices to streamline the parking spot
administration accurately discover the vehicle inhabitancies
progressively.

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Volume 169 – No.1, July 2017

3.2 Disgraceful Parking : effectively satisfy the needs and requirements of existing car
In the event that an car is parked such that it involves two parking hassles thereby minimizing the time consumed to find
parking slots instead of one, this is called disgraceful parking. vacant parking lot and real time information rendering. This
Parking can happen when a driver is not cautious about smart parking system provides better performance, low cost
another driver's rights. This is handled by the advancement of and efficient large scale parking system. When car enters the
robotized keen car parking framework. parking area, the driver will park the car in the nearest empty
slot when slot is occupied the LED light glows and when slot
is empty LED lights are turned off carmatically indicating that
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the parking slot is empty to be occupied. It also eliminates
1. It guarantees snappy and computerized parking unnecessary travelling of vehicles across the filled parking
and simple recovery of vehicles. slots in a city.
2. Up to 3 cars can be effectively and securely parked
in the outlined model. 6. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
3. The surface space required is identical to the In future works, this framework can be enhanced by including
parking spot of two cars as it were. different applications, For Example, internet booking by
4. Most reasonable for parking in workplaces, utilizing GSM. The driver or client can book their parking
shopping centers and comparable spots. area at home or while in transit to the shopping center. This
can diminish the season of the client to seeking the empty
5. Low support levels are required by the framework.
parking area. As a further review, distinctive sensor
6. Sensors utilized have high affectability and are frameworks can be added to enhance this framework to
anything but difficult to deal with. distinguish the question and guide the driver or clients
7. Minimal effort framework, giving most extreme speediest. We will attempt to decrease the mechanical
computerization. structure and attempt to make it ecofriendly.
8. It doesn't require observable pathway operation.
9. Cordial reorientation of cars for driving in and out. 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank our HOD mam and all other staff member for their
10. Security of vehicle. support.
4.1 Hardware Connections:
8. REFERENCES
[1] Thanh Nam Pham1, Ming-Fong Tsai1, Duc Bing
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[3] Yanfeng Geng and Christos G. Cassandras. “A New

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Figure 3: Working model of Smart Car Parking System
[4] Cui Shiyao, Wu Ming, Liu Chen, Rong Na . “The
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that the performance of the Arduino UNO based system can

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Volume 169 – No.1, July 2017

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