Psychological Abstracts 2016 18
Psychological Abstracts 2016 18
Psychological Abstracts 2016 18
2016-2018
Editorial
The team comprised of the Editor and Ms. Maryam Tariq (Research
Assistant). I would like to acknowledge Dr. Iram Fatima (Assistant
Professor), Ms. Afifa Anjum (Lecturer), Mr. Faiz Younas (Lecturer) and
Dr. Shahnila Tariq (Lecturer) for final proof reading of the draft. The aim
of publishing IAP Psychological Abstracts is to update students and
researchers in the discipline of Psychology with indigenous researches
conducted at the Institute of Applied Psychology. The credit goes to the
researchers (students and supervisors) whose work is being published. I
am thankful to my faculty members for timely provision of abstracts of
their students’ theses. I aspire that publishing psychological abstract
remains a regular feature of Institute of Applied Psychology.
Editor
Prof. Dr. Farah Malik
iii
Table of Contents
Title Page No.
Title Page i
Editorial ii
Table of Contents iii-xx
Abstracts 1-150
Author Index 151
PhD Theses
Parental Perception, Child Temperament, Cognitive Appraisal and
Anger Expression in Children with Emotional-Behavioural Problems
Saima Majeed, (PhD, 2018); Supervisor: Farah Malik, PhD 1
MPhil Theses
Experiences of Cyber Harassment, Self- Efficacy and Social
Adjustment in Female University Students
Sumaira Ayub (MPhil, 2015-2017); Supervisor: Farah Malik, PhD 6
Page No.
Occupational Stress, Public Service Motivation and Burnout in Police
Officers
Syed Musa Kazim (MPhil, 2016-2018); Supervisor: Rafia Rafique, 11
PhD
Page No.
Political Self-Efficacy and Cynicism in Online Political Engagement
of Young Adults: The Moderating Role of Political Identity
Mehwish Yaseen (MPhil, 2016-2018); Supervisor: Mujeeba Ashraf, 22
PhD
Developmental Psychology
Personality Traits and Shyness in Natural Right Handers, Natural Left
Handers and Forced Right Handers
Fareeha Inam (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisors: Saima Majeed & Farah 27
Malik, PhD
Page No.
Parenting Styles, Religiosity and Moral Development in Adolescents
Umama (MSc, 2016-2018); Supervisor: Sadia Khan 31
Educational Psychology
Teaching Style, Student Motivation and Academic Engagement in
University Students
Wajeeha Bashir (MSc, 2016-2018); Supervisors: Waqas Hassan & 33
Farah Malik, PhD
Page No.
Mujeeba Ashraf, PhD
Forensic Psychology
Criminal Thinking, Moral Disengagement and Psychological
Wellbeing in Prisoners
Kumail Raza Abdi (MSc, 2016-2018); Supervisor: Farah Malik, PhD 45
Page No.
Risk Taking Behaviours and Decision Making in Risk Situations in
Juvenile Delinquents
Saima Hanif (MSc, 2016-2018); Supervisors: Arooj Arshad & Saima 48
Ghazal, PhD
Page No.
Gender Psychology
Gender Stereotypes, Masculinities and Gender Based Violence among
Pharmaceutical Sector Employees
Asma Malik (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisors: Ghulam Ishaq & Rafia 57
Rafique, PhD
Health Psychology
Emotional Intelligence and Marital Quality of Life in Pre and Post-
Menopausal Women
Aleena Rehman (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisor: Rafia Rafique, PhD 60
Page No.
Emotional Regulation, Coping Strategies and Social Adjustment in
Acid Burn Victims
Bakhtawar Kaneez Fatima (MSc, 2016-2018); Supervisor: Zaeema 64
Farooq
Page No.
Farah Malik, PhD
Page No.
Dysfunctional Parenting Styles, Emotional Regulation and Marital
Distress in Married Men
Sidra Rani (MSc, 2016-2018); Supervisor: Shahnila Tariq, PhD 81
Organizational Psychology
Autotelic Personality, Work Engagement and Work Performance in
Bankers
Farwa Sajjad (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisor: Rafia Rafique, PhD 85
Page No.
Attachment Styles and Self-Determination in Adolescents Reared in
Army Families
Sara Sheraz (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisor: Shazia Qayyum, PhD 88
Job Stress, Social Support and Job Performance among Police Officers
Laiba Banno (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisors: Beenish Mubeen & 95
Mujeeba Ashraf, PhD
Style of humor, Work Place Attitude and Well Being among Medical
Officers
ZiII-e-Huma (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisors: Beenish Mubeen & 95
Mujeeba Ashraf, PhD
xiv
Page No.
Organizational communication structure, Dual commitment and
Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Employees of Private Software
Companies
Sayyeda Ume Rubab (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisor: Afifa Anjum 96
Page No.
Sexual Harassment, Emotion Regulation and Psychosocial Well-being
in Women Working in Customer Services
Tooba Fayyaz (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisor: Muhammad Faran 105
Personality Psychology
Personality, Advertisement Appeals and Brand Loyalty among
University Students
Sana Amin (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisor: Iram Fatima, PhD 111
Page No.
Habiba Arif (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisor: Saira Khan 113
Positive Psychology
Dispositional Optimism, Self-Determination and Well-Being in Job
Seekers Young Adults
Ayesha Fazal karim (MSc, 2016-2018); Supervisors: Sumaira Ayub & 115
Farah Malik, PhD
Page No.
Mind Wandering, Creativity and Decision Efficacy in Young Adults
Syeda Pakiza Ahmad (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisor: Faiz Younas 122
Social Psychology
Social Grooming on Facebook, Physical Appearance Comparisons and
Body Image Concerns in Youth
Mehak Azam (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisor: Farah Malik, PhD 125
Page No.
Emotional Intelligence, Creativity and Smartphone Addiction
Proneness among Late Adolescents
Ghinza Arif (MSc, 2016-2018); Supervisor: Afsheen Masood, PhD 131
Page No.
Self-Consciousness, Cosmetics Usage and Body Image in Female
Young Adults
Rubab Ali (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisor: Zaeema Farooq 139
Sports Psychology
Self-Confidence, Self-Talk and Goal Orientation in Individual and
Team Sports
Tayyaba Yaseen (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisors: Vicar Solomon & 146
Farah Malik, PhD
xx
Page No.
Perceived Stigmatization, Motivational Climate and Sports
Perfectionism among Female University Athletes
Sahar Saleem (BS, 2014-2018); Supervisors: Vicar Solomon & Farah 146
Malik, PhD
and cognitive distortions. The findings of the study are discussed in the
light of existing literature.
Keywords: Moral disengagement, empathic efficacy, emotion
dysregulation, cognitive distortions, prison inmates.
Crime is persistently rising in our society and most of these crimes are
being committed by repeat offenders – the recidivists. To explore this
phenomenon, the present research investigated the role of psychopathy in
relationship to criminogenic thinking styles and criminal social identity in
incarcerated female recidivists. It was hypothesized that there would be a
positive association between psychopathy, criminogenic thinking styles
and criminal social identity. The mediating role of criminogenic thinking
styles between psychopathy and criminal social identity was also
hypothesized. The study was carried out with a sample of 63 incarcerated
female recidivists with M age = 43.33(12.38) drawn from the district and
central jails of 5 cities of Punjab; Sialkot, Gujrat, Gujranwala, Lahore and
Rawalpindi. The measures included Psychopathy subscale of The Short
Measure of the Dark Triad (S-D3; Jones & Paulhus, 2014), Measure of
Criminogenic Thinking Styles (MOCTS; Mandracchia, 2017) and
Measure of Criminal Social Identity – Revised (MCSI – R; Boduszek &
Debowska, 2017). Pearson product moment correlation showed a
significant positive correlation between psychopathy, criminogenic
thinking styles (control, cognitive immaturity and egocentrism) and
criminal social identity (cognitive centrality, in-group affect and in-group
ties). Multiple hierarchical regression analysis revealed psychopathy to
be significant predictor of criminogenic thinking styles and criminal
social identity. However, the meditational analysis depicted that only the
control subscale of criminogenic thinking styles was a significant
mediator between psychopathy and in-group subscale of criminal social
identity. The results were further discussed in the specific socio-cultural
context of Pakistan. Findings might be useful in understanding the
dynamics of recidivism in incarcerated females and assist in eradicating it
from our society.
Keywords: Psychopathy, criminogenic thinking styles, criminal
social identity, recidivism.
The present study aimed to find out the relationship among resilience,
coping strategies and post traumatic growth in women with domestic
violence. It was hypothesized that would be significant relationship
between psychological resilience and post traumatic growth while coping
strategies would play mediating role in women with domestic violence.
Psychological resilience would be significant predictor of post traumatic
growth. The sample size was computed through G-Power factor formula
and the sample size derived was of 90. Non-probability purposive
sampling strategy was used to draw sample from various Lahore based
foster homes of women like Dar-Ul-Amaan, Edhi homes etc. Domestic
Violence Scale (Bano & Malik, 2013), Resilience Scale (Wagnild &
Young, 1993), Brief COPE Inventory (Carver, 1997) and Post-traumatic
Growth Inventory (PTGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) were used in the
present study. The assessments were used in the indigenous language.
The findings of the Pearson product moment correlation indicate that
psychological resilience was significantly and positively was associated
with PTGI subscales such as new possibilities, relation to others, personal
strength, and spiritual change. Active coping strategy was also found to
be positively related with new possibilities, relation to others, personal
strength, and spiritual change. While relation to others, personal strength,
and spiritual change were negatively linked with passive coping.
Structured Equation Model (SEM) was employed to examine the
mediating role of coping. It was found that active coping and passive
coping significantly mediated the relationship between psychological
resilience and relation to others, new possibilities, personal strength,
spiritual change, and appreciation in life. The findings would be helpful
for the clinicians and counselors.
Keywords: Psychological resilience, coping strategies, post-
traumatic growth, domestic violence.
The present study was conducted to explore the reasons of late marriages
and parental decision-making towards growing issue of late marriages in
Pakistan. It was comprised of two studies. In the first study, reasons for
late marriages and the role of parents in decision making toward this
growing issue of late marriages in Pakistan have been explored, and in
second study, comparison in parental decision-making skill of those who
were facing late marriage issues of their children and those who got their
children married well in time (within accepted age frame) have been
explored. Reasons for late marriages and parental decision-making skills
were explored via interviews with the sample of (N = 14) participants in a
qualitative research design. Data were analyzed through interpretative
phenomenological analysis (IPA) by Pietkiewicz and Smith (2012).
Results of the present study revealed that two superordinate (master)
themes and seventeen subordinate themes were generated from the data.
In the second study, the sample comprised of (N = 60) including (n = 30)
parents (having minimum 28 age of daughter and 32 of son, who is still
unmarried) and (n = 30) parents who have married their children timely.
Decision Making Questionnaire (French, 1993) was used to assess the
decision-making ability of the parents. Pearson product moment
correlation was used to assess relationship between demographics and all
the dimensions of decision-making. The results indicated that age had a
negative correlation with thoroughness, control, optimizing,
instinctiveness and positive correlation with principle and no correlation
with social resistance. Marital timing of children was positively
correlated with thoroughness, social resistance, optimizing and
instinctiveness but negatively correlated with other dimensions (Control,
hesitancy, and principled). Results also showed that untimely married had
a negative relationship with thoroughness, control, principled but no
relationship with other dimensions (hesitancy, social resistance, optimism
and instinctiveness). Furthermore, regression analysis was conducted to
predict the decision-making skills of parents. The results showed that
marriage timing has appeared as significant positive predictor of decision
making indicating that parents who married their children on time are
better in decision-making skills as compared to parents with children who
The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between
alexithymia, negative thoughts (personal maladjustment and desire for
change, negative self-concepts and negative expectations, low self-
esteem, and helplessness) and depressive symptoms in young adults. It
was hypothesized that there would be a relationship between alexithymia,
negative thoughts and depressive symptoms. Alexithymia and negative
thoughts would be predict depressive symptoms among young adults.
Moreover, negative thoughts would be moderate the relationship of
alexithymia and depressive symptoms. Correlational research design was
used in this study. The sample comprised of N = 200 (n = 100 men, n =
100 women) young adults with the age range of 18-35 years using
convenience sampling technique. Automatic Thought Questionnaire
(Hollon & Kendall, 1980), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Taylor & Bagby,
1986) and Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1961) were used for data
collection. Results revealed a positive correlation between alexithymia,
negative thoughts (personal maladjustment and desire for change,
negative self-concepts and negative expectations, low self-esteem, and
helplessness) and depressive symptoms. Negative self-concept and
negative expectation was a positive predictor of depressive symptoms.
Moreover, low self-esteem was found to be a moderator between the
relationship of alexithymia and depressive symptoms. This research will
help that how alexithymia and negative thoughts leads to depressive
symptoms among young adults.
Keywords: Alexithymia, negative thoughts, depressive symptoms.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of child
abuse and domestic violence with mental well-being in patients of mental
health. It was hypothesized there would be negative relationship between
child abuse, domestic violence and mental well-being in patients of
IAP Psychological Abstracts (2018)
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mental health. It was further hypothesized that child abuse and domestic
violence would be predict mental health problem in patients. Sample size
was comprised of (N = 100) female patients from the hospitals of Lahore.
Child Abuse Scale Revised (Shah, Ghaffar & Malik, 2015), Domestic
Violence Scale (Bano & Malik, 2013) and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental
Well-Being Scale (Stewart & Janmohamed, 2008) were used for
assessment. Pearson product moment correlation was used to find out
relationship between child abuse, domestic violence and mental well-
being in patients of mental health. Multiple regression was also used to
find out the role of child abuse and domestic violence in mental well-
being in patients of mental health. The findings revealed the negative
relationship of child abuse and domestic violence with mental well-being
in patients of mental health. The findings will help the parents and
clinicians to know about effects of child abuse and domestic violence on
mental well-being.
Keywords: Child abuse, domestic violence, mental well-being,
mental health.
This research sets out to examine the relationship between grit, learning
styles and academic achievement motivation in high school students. It
further explored the predictive relationship of grit with learning styles
and academic achievement motivation. Correlational (cross-sectional)
research design was used. The sample comprised of 100 high school
students (public and private). Item Grit Scale (Duckworth & Peterson,
2007) was used to assess grit, Learning Style Questionnaire (Honey &
Mumford, 2005) was used to assess learning styles, and Achievement
Motivation Scale (Muthee & Thomas, 2009) was used to assess academic
achievement motivation. Results of Pearson product moment correlation
revealed positive relation between grit, learning styles and academic
achievement motivation. Linear regression analysis revealed that grit
predicted learning styles and academic achievement motivation. Gender
difference was found in current research. Findings of the present study
have significant implications for students, field of learning through which
methodologies and material used in teaching can be adopted to integrate
all personality dimension of a learner with their learning styles.
Keywords: Grit, learning styles, academic achievement,
motivation.
The present study examined the qualities of a good teacher behaviors and
their relationship with interpersonal interaction. It was hypothesized that
teacher behavior would have positive relationship with interpersonal
attraction; teacher behaviors would positive predictor of interpersonal
attraction; and there would be family background differences with
interpersonal attraction of students. The sample comprised of (N = 100)
university students between the age ranges of 18 - 25 years taken from
Public University of Lahore. The measures comprised of Teacher
Behaviors Inventory (Murray, 1983), and Interpersonal Attraction scale
(McCroskey & McCain, 1974). The permission was taken from
concerned authorities. The findings of the study showed that teacher’s
behavior (clarity, enthusiasm, interaction, organization, pacing, discourse
and rapport) has significant positive relationship with interpersonal
attraction (social attraction, physical attraction, task attraction).
Correlation of demographic factors like family background has
significant positive relationship with physical attraction domain of
interpersonal attraction. Independent sample t-test was run to find out the
difference of family background (rural or urban), teacher's behaviors and
IAP Psychological Abstracts (2018)
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Ang et al., 2007), Academic Self-efficacy Scale (Chemers, Hu, & Garcia,
2001), Cross-Cultural Adaptation Scale (Uehara, 1988) and Grade Point
Average (GPA) were used to assess demographic information, cultural
intelligence, academic self-efficacy, cross-cultural adjustment and
academic performance respectively. Results were generated by analyzing
the data through SPSS using Pearson product moment correlation and
multiple regressions. The results revealed that there was high significant
relationship between academic performance, cultural intelligence and
cross-cultural adjustment and academic self-efficacy showed moderate
significant relationship with academic performance. Moreover,
hierarchical regression analysis showed that academic self-efficacy did
not predict cross cultural adjustment and academic performance but
cultural intelligence predicted academic performance fully mediated by
cross cultural adjustment. These results have implications in many social
and educational settings. Knowledge about the cross cultural intelligence
of students across cultures can be used to enhance their productivity in
academic sector, for self-betterment or betterment of the society.
Moreover, the abilities of the students belonging to different cultures
could also be learned and then by enhancing their skills, their promotion
at the national level could also be increased.
Keywords: Cultural intelligence, academic self-efficacy, cross
cultural adjustment, academic performance students.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between
learning styles, cognitive processes and academic motivation in college
students. It was hypothesized that there would be a relationship between
cognitive processes, learning styles and academic motivation in college
students. Between group correlational research design was used. The
sample consisted of (N = 130) college students (n = 65 male; n = 65
female) of intermediate and bachelors with age range 15 to 25 years. The
Perceptual Learning Style Preference Questionnaire (PLSPQ; Reid,
1987), Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI; Schraw and Dennison,
1994), and Academic Motivation Scale College Version (AMS-C 28;
Vallerand, 1993) were used to collect the data. Pearson product moment
correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant positive
correlation between learning styles, cognitive processes and academic
motivation in college students. Simple linear regression analysis
confirmed that academic motivation was predicted by learning styles and
cognitive processes. Furthermore, results revealed significant gender
differences in academic motivation of students. The findings were
discussed in the light of the literature. The research will be beneficial in
improving the motivation of the students.
Keywords: Learning styles, cognitive processes, academic
motivation.
Scale (Catherine, & Fichten, et al., 2016) were used to measure first year
University student's institutional satisfaction, degree commitment and
completion intention. Pearson product moment correlation revealed that
institutional satisfaction and degree commitment had positive relationship
with completion intention in first year university students. Further,
regression analysis with enter method revealed that institutional
satisfaction and degree commitment were positive predictors of
completion intention and degree commitment did not moderate the
relationship between institutional satisfaction and degree commitment.
The results also indicted that there was a non-significant gender
differences in institutional satisfaction, degree commitment and
completion intention in first year university students. The study has
significant implication to enhance retention rate at higher educational
Institutions.
Keywords: Institutional satisfaction, degree commitment,
completion intention, university students.
The issue of crime is the major concern for the whole population and is
often investigated in psychological perspective because crime is found to
be associated with psychological issues (Cohen, 2008). In the current era,
researchers in the field of criminology and forensic psychology are
paying particular attention to the psychological wellbeing of prisoners. It
is a matter of great concern to understand the criminal behaviour, one
major factor in exploring criminal behaviour is determined by measuring
the criminal thinking of the prisoners (Garnefski & Okma, 1996).
However moral disengagement is also considered crucial factor in the
description of criminal behaviour (Gini, Pozzoli, & Hymel, 2014). The
present study was conducted to explore the relationship between criminal
thinking, moral disengagement and psychological wellbeing in prisoners.
It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between
criminal thinking and moral disengagement, criminal thinking and moral
disengagement would have negative relationship with psychological
wellbeing, and furthermore criminal thinking and moral disengagement
would negatively predict the psychological wellbeing in prisoners.
Correlational research design was used and the sample of adult prisoners
(N = 60) was selected from District Jail Lahore by using purposive
sampling technique. For assessment purpose demographic sheet,
Criminal Thinking Scale (Knight, Garner, Simpson, Morey, & Flynn,
2006), Moral Disengagement Scale (Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara &
Pastorelli, 1996) and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (Lamers,
Westerhof, Bohlmeijer, Klooster & Keyes, 2011) were used. The results
showed significant positive relationship between criminal thinking and
moral disengagement whereas, significant negative correlation was found
between criminal thinking and psychological wellbeing. Similarly moral
disengagement was found to be negatively correlated with psychological
wellbeing in prisoners. Regression analysis revealed that criminal
thinking negatively predicted the psychological wellbeing. Moreover
significant group differences on psychological wellbeing were found
between convicted and under trial prisoners. The research findings may
be useful for forensic psychologists, jail administration and for the
relevant policy makers.
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between risk
taking behaviors and decision making in risk situations of juvenile
delinquents and to find out whether risk taking behaviors predicted
decision making in juvenile delinquents or not and how delinquents and
non-delinquent individuals differ regarding risk taking behaviors and
making decisions. The sample was consisted of (N = 98) participants that
included (n = 48) juvenile delinquents and (n = 50) non- delinquent
individuals with the age range of 11 to 18 years (M = 16.14, SD = 1.06).
Sample was taken from the District Central Jail Lahore, academy and
backward areas of Garhi Shahu Lahore. Data was collected using
demographic information questionnaire, Zuckerman-Kuhlman
Personality Questionnaire Cross-Cultural 50-item version (ZKPQ CC 50;
Zuckerman & Kuhlman, 1993) and The Classical prisoner’s dilemma
(Flood & Dresher, 1950). The data was processed using the pearson
product moment correlation, binary logistic regression analysis, and t-test
and chi square test of independence. The results revealed that there was a
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The present study was carried out to find the relationship among
personality, emotional instability and criminal thinking in female
offenders. It was hypothesized that there would be relationship among
personality, emotional instability and criminal thinking in female
IAP Psychological Abstracts (2018)
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The current study was conducted with the aim to find out the relationship
between autonomy, gender stereotypes and career efficacy among high
school girls from private and public schools and colleges of Lahore. The
sample was recruited by using convenient sampling. It was hypothesized
that perceived autonomy and career efficacy will be positively correlated;
however, gender stereotypes and career efficacy will be negatively
correlated. Along with that it was also hypothesized that perceived
autonomy and gender stereotypes predicted career self-efficacy. Career
Decision Self-efficacy Scale (Betz, & Taylor 1983) was used for
assessing the career efficacy. Modern Sexism Scale (Swim, Aikin, Hall,
& Hunter, 1995) was used to measure the gender stereotypes and
perceived autonomy was assessed by Career Decision Making Autonomy
Scale (CDMAS; Frédéric Guay, 2005). Spearman correlation and
backward regression were used to analyze the results. The results of
spearman correlation explained that three facets of career autonomy i.e.,
intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and identified regulation were
positively correlated with career self-efficacy, and gender stereotypes
negatively correlated with career self-efficacy. In addition the results of
backward regression showed that only one facet of perceived autonomy
i.e. identified regulation and gender stereotypes predicted career efficacy.
This study adds in existing awareness of women's occupational
development in terms of their career efficacy.
Keywords: Autonomy, gender stereotypes, career decision making,
self-efficacy, high school girls.
The present study investigated the relationship among gender role beliefs,
self-silencing and psychological distress in married women. It was
hypothesized that there would be a significant negative relationship
IAP Psychological Abstracts (2018)
Institute of Applied Psychology,
University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
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The aim of the present study was to investigate sexual self-concept and
marital adjustment in women who have undergone hysterectomy. The
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University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
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The current study was aimed at assessing the relationship between self-
esteem and body image concerns in new mothers who gained weight after
their first born. It was hypothesized that (1) Self-esteem would be
negatively related to body image concerns (surveillance, appearance
control beliefs, and body shame) in mothers who gained weight after first
birth. (2) Self-esteem would predict body image concerns (surveillance,
appearance control beliefs, and body shame) in mothers who gained
weight after first birth. (3) Self-esteem and body image concerns
(surveillance, appearance control beliefs, and body shame) would be
different in mothers with reference to the gender of their new born. A
sample of new mothers (N = 150) aged 20-30 years (M = 24.35, SD =
1.18), who conceived within a year of marriage, had vaginal mode of
delivery, were recruited within 40 days of post-delivery of their new born
from different vaccination wards of government hospital and vaccination
clinics of Lahore, Pakistan, using purposive sampling. Body image
concerns were measured by Objectified Body Consciousness Scale
(McKinley & Hyde, 1996) and self-esteem was measured by Rosenberg
Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). The results were analyzed using
descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson product moment correlation,
Hierarchical regression analysis and Independent sample t-test were
employed to test the study hypotheses. The results showed that self-
esteem and body shame, a domains of body image concerns, were
significantly negatively correlated. Gender of the new born doesn’t show
any difference in body image concerns and self-esteem. The research
findings shed light in better understanding the transition of a role as new
mothers and their physical appearance in our cultural context.
Keywords: Self-esteem, Body image concerns.
This study figure out the work-family conflicts, marital satisfaction and
psychological well-being among working married women. The main
hypotheses were, that there would be a negative relationship between
work-family conflicts and psychological well-being and positive
relationship between marital satisfaction and psychological well-being.
Another hypothesis was work-family conflict and marital satisfaction
would be the predictors of psychological well-being. Work family
conflict was assessed through the Work and Family Conflict Scale
(Haslam, Morwaska, & Sanders, 2012), and Psychological well-being
was measured through The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale
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also be helpful for the parents to notice their parenting styles so that they
could provide care to their children in a better way.
Keywords: Perceived parenting style, self-confidence, and
emotional adjustment, children of working and non-working parents.
The sample size consisted of 50 older adults with the age ranged from 60
to 80 years. Family Environment Scale (Chadha & Bhatia, 1993), Mental
Health Inventory (Viet & Ware, 1983) and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index
(Buysse, et al., 1989) were used to assess family environment, mental
health and quality of sleep of participants. The result of Pearson product
moment correlation indicated that there is positive relationship between
family environment, quality of sleep and mental health. The result of
regression analysis indicated that family environment and quality of sleep
were predicting mental health. Findings in the light of previous studies
were explained in discussion. The result provided several insights and
significant association between family environment, sleep quality and
mental health.
Keywords: Family environment, quality of sleep, mental health,
older adults.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between
dysfunctional parenting styles, emotional regulation and marital distress
in married men. It was hypothesized that there would be a relationship
between dysfunctional parenting styles, emotional regulation and marital
distress in married men. Correlation research design was used. The
sample consisted of 110 married men with at least 12 years of education,
no age ranges specify. Measure of Parental Style (MOPS; Parker, et, al.,
1997), Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John, 2003)
and Marital Discord Scale (Snyder, Whisman & Beach, 1997) were used
for data collection. Pearson product moment correlation analysis revealed
that dysfunctional parenting styles i.e. indifference, abusive and over
control of both parents correlate positively with emotional suppression
and marital distress. Emotion regulation i.e. cognitive reappraisal
negatively correlates with marital discord. Hierarchal regression analysis
confirmed that emotional suppression emerge as positive predictors
whereas cognitive reappraisal emerges as negative predictor of marital
distress. The findings were discussed in the light of the literature. This
research will be beneficial in improving the emotion regulation and
parenting styles of the married men.
Keywords: Dysfunctional parenting styles, emotional regulation,
marital distress, married men.
The study explored the relationship between attachment styles and self-
determination in adolescents reared in army families. Cross sectional
research design and non-probability sampling technique were used to
recruit a sample of N = 200 boys and girls students from school and
colleges. A self-constructed demographic questionnaire, Revised Adult
Attachment Scale (Collins, 1996) - Close Relationships Version) and
Self-Determination Scale (Deci & amp; Rayan, 1996) were used. Results
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results that religious beliefs were not correlated with altruism and quality
of work life. Altruism was positively correlated with quality of work life.
Furthermore, age, employment sector and altruism were significant
predictors of quality of work life. The study has important implications in
the organizational psychology and can be used to improve the quality of
work life among in public and private sector employees.
Keywords: Religious beliefs, altruism, quality of work life, public
and private sector employees.
The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship among
physical attractiveness, marital satisfaction and happiness in working and
nonworking married women. It was hypothesized that a) there would be a
The present research was conducted to explore the relationship job stress
and social support with job performance in police officers. Correlational
research design was used to explore the relation between job stress, social
support and job performance among police officers. To collect the data
purposive sampling strategy was used. A sample of N = 100 men and
women police officers was selected from different police stations of
Lahore. It was hypothesized that there would be positive relationship
between social support and job performance and there would be negative
relationship between job stress and job performance and Job stress and
social support would predict job performance among police officers. The
Workplace Stress Scale (Marlin Company, 2008) was used to explore and
describe job stress. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
(Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988) was used to assess social
support among police. The Personal Performance Appraisal (Schraeder,
Becton & Portis, 2007) was used to assess job performance of police.
Pearson product moment correlation, hierarchal regression and
independent sample t-test were carried out to test the hypotheses. It was
observed that job stress, social support and job performance were related.
Hierarchal regression analysis showed that social support and job stress
were significant predictors of job performance. The independent sample
t-test did not support the hypothesis that males and females have
significant gender differences. This research can be beneficial to give
awareness about the job stress, social support and job performance.
Keywords: Job stress, social support, job performance, police
officers.
Style of Humor, Work Place Attitude and Well Being among Medical
Officers
got license, risky driving style and dissociative driving style correlate
with perceived control. Also in general driving area, at which age you got
license, risky driving style and dissociative driving style negatively
predict the perceived control. Findings of this study would be helpful to
educate drivers to control their driving styles to avoid any type of
hazardous consequences.
Keywords. Driving styles, sensitivity to punishment, perceived
control.
The present study was carried out to study the relationship among
workplace harassment, work overload and psychological distress in
female police officers. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive
relationship between workplace harassment, work overload and
psychological distress. Moreover, it was also hypothesized that
workplace harassment and work overload would predict psychological
distress in female police officers. The sample comprised of N = 100
female police officers with age range 21-40 years collected using
purposive sampling technique from different police stations and police
training centers of Lahore. Negative Acts Questionnaire (Einarsen &
Hoel, 2001), Reilly’s Role Overload Scale (Reilly, 1982) and Kessler
Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler, 2002) were used for data
collection. Correlation analysis revealed that workplace harassment was
positively correlated with work overload and psychological distress.
Moreover, hierarchical regression analysis revealed that workplace
harassment was a positive predictor of psychological distress. The
present research will help to the police force to give appropriate work
environment for female workers and make strategies to prevent
workplace harassment and work overload.
Keywords: Workplace harassment, work overload, psychological
distress.
The present research aimed to investigate the difference of anger and job
stress in junior and senior traffic wardens in different sectors of Lahore. It
was hypothesized that there would be significant difference in anger and
job stress experienced by junior and senior traffic wardens. Survey
research design was used and sample was collected via purposive
sampling technique comprising of N = 140 Traffic Wardens (n = 70
juniors, n = 70 seniors) age ranging from 25 to 45 years. Descriptive
IAP Psychological Abstracts (2018)
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University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
105
significance, task identity, autonomy and feedback from the job) for
OCB. Correlational (cross-sectional) research design was used. The
sample comprised of N = 120 school teachers (public: n = 60 and private:
n = 60). Task Characteristics (subscale of The Work Design
Questionnaire) by Morgeson, and Humphrey, (2006) was used to assess
job characteristics. Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale for
Schools (OCB; DiPaola. & Moran, 2001) was used to assess
organizational citizenship behavior. Results of Pearson product moment
correlation revealed positive relation between job characteristics (task
variety, task significance, autonomy, task identity and feedback from job)
and organizational citizenship behavior. Multiple Linear Regression
analysis revealed that job characteristics (task variety, task significance,
task identity and feedback from job) predicted organizational citizenship
behavior. No gender difference was found. This study will help the
teachers for the increment of organizational citizenship behavior and
through it, they can make the successive future of students and their
institutes.
Keywords: Job characteristics, organizational citizenship
behavior, task variety, task significance, task identity, autonomy and
feedback.
The present research was carried out to explore the relationship between
empathy, personality and volunteerism. It was hypothesized that there
would be a positive relationship between empathy, personality and
volunteerism. It was also hypothesized that empathy and personality
would predict volunteerism. The sample was comprised of younger
adults (N = 100; 50 men, 50 women) whose age range was between 18-
35 years by using convenient probability sampling technique from
different universities of Lahore. Basic Empathy Scale (Jolliffe &
Farrington, 2006), Personality Scale (Donnellan, Oswald et al, 2006) and
Volunteer Functioning Inventory (Clary, Synder et al, 1998) were used
for assessment. Pearson product moment correlation and hierarchical
regression were used for analyses. The results revealed that married
people volunteer more than single ones. Moreover, employed people tend
to volunteer more than unemployed participants. Whereas, people who
IAP Psychological Abstracts (2018)
Institute of Applied Psychology,
University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
113
The present research was aimed to explore the relationship between self-
consciousness and moral maturity in university students. It was
hypothesized that there would be significant positive relationship
between self-consciousness and maturity. It was further hypothesized that
self-consciousness would positively predict maturity. Convenient
sampling technique was used in current research. The sample consisted of
146 university students. The age range was between 18-27 years
university students (M = 22.3, SD = 2.39). The Self-consciousness Scale
(Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975) and Moral Development Interview
Inventory (Khanum & lqbal, 2008) were used to collect data. Pearson
product moment correlation was used to assess the relationship between
self-consciousness and moral maturity. Results revealed that self-
consciousness positively correlated with moral maturity. Further,
hierarchical regression was employed for prediction between self-
consciousness and moral maturity. Results indicated that self-
consciousness positively predict moral maturity.
Keywords: Self-consciousness, moral maturity, university
students.
The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between self-
determination, dispositional optimism and career choice readiness in
adolescents. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive
relationship between self-determination, dispositional optimism and
career choice readiness. Moreover, self-determination and dispositional
optimism would predict the career choice readiness. Correlational
IAP Psychological Abstracts (2018)
Institute of Applied Psychology,
University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
123
negatively predicted life satisfaction. The present research will help to the
literary writers in highlighting the role of spirituality and self-compassion
and planning affective strategies to predict life satisfaction.
Keywords: Spirituality, self-compassion, life satisfaction.
200 students (women = 116 and men = 84) selected from different
universities of Lahore using purposive sampling technique. The age
range of the students was 18 years to 24 years (M = 21.15, SD = 1.37).
Social Comparison Scale (SCS; Allan & Gilbert, 1995), Dispositional
Envy Scale (DES; Smith - 1999), and Indirect aggression scale (IAS-A;
Forrest et al., 2005) were used for assessment. The data were analyzed
using Pearson product moment correlation, linear regression, independent
sample t-test and one way ANOVA. The results showed that there were
significant positive relationship between social comparison, envy and
indirect aggression. The findings of the present research highlighted the
fact that those who compare themselves with others have envious
feelings resulting into indirect aggression. Moreover, envy positively
predicted indirect aggression along with its subscales (Social
exclusionary, Malicious Humor & Guilt Induction). Gender had a
positive relationship with social comparison and negative relationship
with envy and indirect aggression with its dimensions. Regional
Affiliation has significant differences in envy and indirect aggression
with its dimensions (social exclusionary, guilt induction and malicious
humor). People living in rural areas had more envious feelings and show
more indirect aggression as compared to people living in urban areas.
There were significant differences in showing indirect aggression
between birth-order (first, middle and last order). This research have
many implications for practice, especially in education sectors while
sharing pros and cons of overuse of social networking sites. The findings
of this research are helpful to develop insight in our society about the
critical issues of comparison leading to envy and resulting into indirect
aggression.
Keywords: Social comparison, envy, indirect aggression,
university students, facebook users.
The present study aims to find out the link between perceived
discrimination and psychological adjustment. Correlational research
IAP Psychological Abstracts (2018)
Institute of Applied Psychology,
University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
137
The present study intended to find out the relationship between rejection
sensitivity, self-silencing and aggression in married women. It was
IAP Psychological Abstracts (2018)
Institute of Applied Psychology,
University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
140
The purpose of the study was to find out fear of missing out, attachment
styles and social media addiction in university students.The sample was
selected by using non-probability purposive sampling technique and
consisted of 120 students N = 120 (60 girls and 60 boys) from the public
and private universities of Lahore. Data was collected using Fear of
Missing out Scale (Przybylski et al., 2013), Revised Adult Attachment
Scale (Collins, 1996) and Social Media Addiction Scale (Cengiz Sahin,
2013). The results of correlation analysis showed that there is significant
positive relation between fear of missing out and social media addiction
while significant negative relation between depend attachment style and
social media addiction. Results of independent sample t-test showed no
significant gender differences among fear of missing out, attachment
styles and social media addiction while fear of missing out and social
media addiction had significant family system differences. The results of
hierarchical regression analysis showed that fear of missing out and
attachment styles were significant predictors of social media addiction.
So, this research concluded that students are addicted to social media to
know about everything what is happening around them and they are not a
part of it.
The aim of this study was to find out relationship between rejection
sensitivity, social anxiety and social connectedness in young adults. The
study further probed out predicting relation of rejection sensitivity and
social anxiety for social connectedness. It also aimed to assess mediating
relation of social anxiety between rejection sensitivity and social
connectedness. Correlational research design was used and the sample
comprised of young adults N = 207 studying at various public and private
sector Universities of Lahore recruited via convenient sampling.
Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, Adult Version (Downey & Feldman,
1996), Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (Caballo, Salazar, Irurtia,
Arias, & CISO-A Research Team, 2010) and Social Connectedness Scale
Revised (Lee & Robbins, 1995) were used. Results indicated positive
relationship between rejection sensitivity and social anxiety but negative
relationship between rejection sensitivity and social connectedness.
Results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed rejection
sensitivity negatively predicted social connectedness; and positively
predicted social anxiety, whereas social anxiety negatively predicted
social connectedness. Moreover, results of SEM revealed mediating role
of social anxiety between rejection sensitivity and social connectedness.
These findings provide support for the notion that rejection sensitivity
promotes internalizing difficulties like social anxiety and lack of social
connectedness in adults.
Keywords: Rejection sensitivity, social anxiety, social
connectedness, internalizing difficulties.
The present research was carried out to assess the relationship between
perceived stigmatization, motivational climate and sports perfectionism
among female university athletes. It comprised of two studies. Study I
was aimed to develop and validate perceived stigmatization in sports
scale for female athletes (PSSSFA). Study II aimed to assess the
relationship between perceived stigmatization, motivational climate and
sports perfectionism among female university athletes. It was
hypothesized that there would be a relationship in perceived
stigmatization, motivational climate and sports perfectionism; Perceived
stigmatization and motivational climate would predict sport
perfectionism and there would be educational differences in perceived
stigmatization and motivational climate and sports perfectionism among
female university athletes. The sample consisted of 125 female university
athletes (N = 125) with age range was 18 to 24. Research instruments
included Perceived Stigmatization in Sports Scale for Female Athletes
(Saleem, Solomon & Malik, 2018), Perceived Motivational Climate in
Sports Questionnaire (Newton, Duda & Yin, 2000) and Sports
Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 (Gotwals & Dunn, 2009).
Results revealed that perceived stigmatization, motivational climate and
sports perfectionism were positively correlated. Perceived stigmatization
and motivational climate predicted sports perfectionism. Moreover,
educational differences were also found. This research would be helpful
for female athletes to cope with societal attitude and to improve athlete’s
psychological abilities and enhancing competitive skills.
Keywords: Perceived stigmatization, motivational climate, sports
perfectionism, females, athletes.
mastery, purpose in life and positive relation with others and one
subscale of subjective well-being i.e. positive affect. Results of
independent sample t-test indicated that Machiavellianism had no
significant gender differences while positive affect had significant gender
differences. Males reported more positive affect as compared to females.
So, this research concluded that sports students use the Machiavellian
thinking that can predict their psychological well-being and subjective
well-being. This study has contributed in current body of knowledge by
highlighting the positive relation of Machiavellian beliefs with
psychological well-being and subjective well-being.
Keywords: Machiavellian beliefs, well-being, sports students.
Author Index
B Faisal, Kanza 66
D Gillani, Maheen 25
E Gul-e-Sehar 129
Elahi, Saba 81 H
F Hanif, Saima 48
Fatima, Iram 14, 15, 16, 34, 46, Hassan, Waqas 33, 116
75, 87, 88, 111, 127, 128, 129 Hayat, Maimoona 63
Fatima, Maheen 120 Hina, Anam 70
Fatima tu Zahra 42 Hussain, Amina Said 93
153
I Jamil, Razia 61
Idrees, Mahwish 69 K
J Kiran, Saima 89
L Mushtaq, Sidra 31
M N
Shehzadi, Sabina 75
S
U Zaman, Maria 91
W Zulfiqar, Sehar 97
Waseem, Maham 79
Yaseen, Mehwish 22
Yasin, Hafsa 58