LT3469

Piezo Microactuator Driver

with Boost Regulator
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FEATURES DESCRIPTIO
Amplifier The LT®3469 is a transconductance (gm) amplifier that can
■ Current Limit: ±40mA Typical drive outputs up to 33V from a 5V or 12V supply. An
■ Input Common Mode Range: 0V to 10V internal switching regulator generates a boosted supply
■ Output Voltage Range: 1V to (V
CC – 1V) voltage for the gm amplifier. The amplifier can drive
■ Differential Gain Stage with High Impedance Output capacitive loads in the range of 5nF to 300nF. Slew rate is
(gm Stage) limited only by the maximum output current. The 35V
■ Quiescent Current (from V ): 2mA output voltage capability of the switching regulator, along
CC
■ Unloaded Gain: 30,000 Typical with the high supply voltage of the amplifier, combine to
Switching Regulator allow the wide output voltage range needed to drive a
■ Generates VCC Up to 35V piezoceramic microactuator.
■ Wide Operating Supply Range: 2.5V to 16V The LT3469 switching regulator switches at 1.3MHz,
■ High Switching Frequency: 1.3MHz allowing the use of tiny external components. The output
■ Internal Schottky Diode capacitor can be as small as 0.22µF, saving space and cost
■ Tiny External Components versus alternative solutions.
■ Current Mode Switcher with Internal Compensation
■ Low Profile (1mm) SOT-23 Package
The LT3469 is available in a low profile ThinSOTTM package.
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
U ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.
APPLICATIO S
■ Piezo Speakers
■ Piezo Microactuators
■ Varactor Bias

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TYPICAL APPLICATIO
Piezo Microactuator Driver
47µH
5V OR 12V Response Driving a 33nF Load
3 5
1µF
VIN SW
16V IOUT
6
VCC 100mA/DIV
453k
2 0.47µF
FB
50V VOUT
LT3469 16.5k 10V/DIV
4
GND
9.09k
7
+IN + 1 VOUT
+ 8 OUT INPUT
–IN – 1V TO 33V
INPUT 5V/DIV
0V TO 3V
50µs/DIV 3469 TA04
– 10k PIEZO
ACTUATOR
100k 5nF < C < 300nF

3469 TA03

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LT3469
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ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
(Note 1)
VIN Voltage ............................................................. 16V ORDER PART
TOP VIEW
SW Voltage ............................................................. 40V NUMBER
OUT 1 8 –IN
VCC Voltage............................................................. 38V FB 2 7 +IN LT3469ETS8
+IN, –IN Voltage ..................................................... 10V VIN 3 6 VCC
GND 4 5 SW
FB Voltage ................................................................ 3V
TS8 PACKAGE TS8 PART MARKING
Current Into SW Pin ................................................. 1A 8-LEAD PLASTIC TSOT-23
Operating Temperature Range (Note 2) .. – 40°C to 85°C TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 250°C/W LTACA
Storage Temperature Range ................ – 65°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)................. 300°C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 2) VIN = 5V, VCC = 35V, unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
gm Amplifier
Input Offset Voltage VOUT = VCC/2 ● 3 10 mV
Input Offset Current ● 10 100 nA
Input Bias Current ● 150 500 nA
Input Resistance—Differential Mode 1 MΩ
Input Resistance—Common Mode 200 MΩ
Common Mode Rejection Ratio VCM = 0V to 10V 70 100 dB
Power Supply Rejection Ratio—VIN VIN = 2.5V to 16V 80 120 dB
Power Supply Rejection Ratio—VCC VCC = 15V to 35V 65 85 dB
Gain No Load, VOUT = 2V to 33V 15 30 V/mV
RL = 200k, VOUT = 2V to 33V 10 20 V/mV
Transconductance IOUT = ±100µA 160 220 260 µA/mV
● 140 300 µA/mV
Maximum Output Current VOUT = VCC/2 ±30 ±40 ±55 mA
● ±23 ±58 mA
Maximum Output Voltage, Sourcing VCC = 35V, IOUT = 10mA 34.0 34.5 V
VCC = 35V, IOUT = 0mA 34.5 34.9 V
Minimum Output Voltage, Sinking IOUT = –10mA 200 1000 mV
IOUT = 0mA 10 500 mV
Output Resistance VCC = 35V, VOUT = 2V to 33V 100 kΩ
Supply Current—VCC VCC = 35V 1.5 2 2.5 mA
Switching Regulator
Minimum Operating Voltage 2.5 V
Maximum Operating Voltage 16 V
Feedback Voltage ● 1.19 1.23 1.265 V
FB Pin Bias Current ● 45 200 nA
FB Line Regulation 2.5V < VIN < 16V 0.03 %/V
Supply Current—VIN 1.9 2.6 mA
Switching Frequency ● 0.8 1.3 1.7 MHz
Maximum Duty Cycle ● 88 91 %
Switch Current Limit (Note 3) ● 165 220 mA
Switch VCESAT ISW = 100mA 350 500 mV

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 LT3469
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 2) VIN = 5V, VCC = 35V, unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Switch Leakage Current VSW = 5V 0.01 1 µA
Diode VF ID = 100mA 740 1100 mV
Diode Reverse Leakage Current VR = 5V 0.1 1 µA

Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation
of a device may be impaired. with statistical process controls.
Note 2: The LT3469E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications Note 3: Current limit is guaranteed by design and/or correlation to static
from 0°C to 85°C. Specifications over the –40°C to 85°C operating test. Slope compensation reduces current limit at higher duty cycles.

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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
(Switching Regulator)

VIN Quiescent Current Current Limit vs Duty Cycle Schottky Forward Voltage
2.4 250 250
TA = 25°C
2.2 –50°C
2.0
200 200

SCHOTTKY CURRENT (mA)

1.8 100°C
25°C
CURRENT LIMIT (mA)

1.6 25°C
150
1.4 150
IQ (mA)

1.2 100°C
1.0 100 100
0.8
–50°C
0.6
50 50
0.4
0.2
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 20 40 60 80 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
VIN (V) DUTY CYCLE (%) FORWARD VOLTAGE (mV)
3469 G05 3469 G06 3469 G07

Schottky Reverse Leakage Switching Frequency FB Pin Voltage and Bias Current
25 1.4 1.275 50
VR = 5V
1.2
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (MHz)

20 1.255 40
LEAKAGE CURRENT (µA)

FB BIAS CURRENT (nA)

1.0 CURRENT
FB VOLTAGE (V)

15 0.8 1.235 30
VOLTAGE
0.6
10 1.215 20

0.4
5 1.195 10
0.2

0 0 1.175 0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)
3469 G09 3469 G10 3469 G11

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LT3469
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
(gm Amplifier)
Output Current
VCC Quiescent Current vs Differential Input Voltage gm vs VCC
2.5 30 250
100°C 25 –50°C
25°C
20
2.0 200
25°C 15 100°C

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

–50°C 10

gm (µA/mV)
1.5 5 150
IQ (mA)

0
1.0 –5 100
100°C
–10
–50°C
–15
0.5 25°C 50
–20
–25
0 –30 0
15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 15 20 25 30 35
VCC (V) DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) VCC (V)
3469 G01 3469 G02 3469 G14

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PI FU CTIO S
OUT (Pin 1): Output of the gm Amplifier. There must be at GND (Pin 4): Ground Pin. Connect directly to local ground
least 5nF of capacitive load at the output in a gain of 10 plane.
configuration. Capacitive loads up to 300nF can be con- SW (Pin 5): Switch Pin. Connect inductor here. Minimize
nected to this pin. Piezo actuators below 5nF can be driven trace area at this pin to reduce EMI.
if capacitance is placed in parallel to bring the total
capacitance to 5nF. VCC (Pin 6): Output of Switching Regulator and Supply
Rail for gm Amp. There must be 0.22µF or more of
FB (Pin 2): Feedback Pin. Reference voltage is 1.23V. capacitance here.
Connect feedback resistor divider here.
+IN (Pin 7): Noninverting Terminal of the gm Amplifier.
VIN (Pin 3): Input Supply Pin. Must be locally bypassed.
–IN (Pin 8): Inverting Terminal of the gm Amplifier.

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BLOCK DIAGRA
SW
VIN VCC VIN
5
VCC
+IN FB 3
+ 6
7 OUT 2 –
gm SWITCH
–IN 1 A1 Q1
CONTROLLER
8 – 1.23V +

4 3469 F01

GND

Figure 1. LT3469 Block Diagram

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 LT3469
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OPERATIO
gm Amplifier cal bandwidth of a gain of 10 configuration per output
The LT3469 is a wide output voltage range gm amplifier capacitance.
designed to drive capacitive loads. Input common mode In applications where negative phase contributions below
range extends from 10V to ground. The output current is crossover frequency must be minimized, a phase boost
proportional to the voltage difference across the input capacitor can be added, as shown in Figure 4. Larger val-
terminals. When the output voltage has settled, the input ues of CBOOST will further reduce the closed-loop negative
terminals will be at the same voltage; supply current of the phase contribution, however, the amplifier phase margin
amplifier will be low and power dissipation will be low. If will be reduced. For an amplifier phase margin of approxi-
presented with an input differential, however, the output mately 55°, select CBOOST as follows:
current can increase significantly, up to the maximum
output current (typically 40mA). The output voltage slew COUT (R1 / R2 + 1)
CBOOST =
rate is determined by the maximum output current and the gm(R1|| R2)
output capacitance, and can be quite high. With a 10nF
load, the output slew rate will typically be 4V/µs. The where gm = 200µA/mV.
capacitive load compensates the gm amplifier and must be In a gain of 10 configuration, choosing CBOOST as de-
present for stable operation. The gain capacitance product scribed will lead to nearly zero closed-loop negative phase
of the amplifier must be at least 50nF. For example, if the contribution at 3kHz for values of COUT from 10nF to
amplifier is operated in a gain of 10 configuration, a 200nF. The phase boost capacitor should not be used if
minimum capacitance of 5nF is necessary. In a gain of 20 COUT is less than twice the minimum for stable operation.
configuration, a minimum of 2.5nF is necessary. Closed The gain capacitance product should therefore be higher
loop –3dB bandwidth is set by the output capacitance.
than 100nF if a phase boost capacitor is used.
Typical closed loop bandwidth is approximately:
gm Switching Regulator
2π • A V • COUT The LT3469 uses a constant frequency, current mode
control scheme to provide excellent line and load regula-
where gm = 200µA/mV
tion. Operation can be best understood by referring to the
For example, an amplifier in a gain of 10 configuration with Block Diagram in Figure 1. The switch controller sets the
10nF of output capacitance will have a closed loop –3dB peak current in Q1 proportional to its input. The input to the
bandwidth of approximately 300kHz. Figure 3 shows typi- switch controller is set by the error amplifier, A1, and is
1000
100
WITH PHASE
BOOST CAPACITOR
BANDWIDTH (kHz)
SLEW RATE (V/µs)

10
100 WITHOUT PHASE
BOOST CAPACITOR

10
2 20 200
0.1 CAPACITANCE (nF)
2 20 200
3469 F03
CAPACITANCE (nF)
3469 F02 Figure 3. Closed Loop –3dB Bandwidth
Figure 2. Slew Rate vs Capacitance vs Capacitance in a Gain of 10 Configuration
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LT3469
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OPERATIO
90
VIN = 12V
INPUT + 85 VOUT = 35V

gm VOUT 80

– 75

EFFICIENCY (%)
R1 70
65

CBOOST R2 60
55
3469 F04
50
MURATA LQH32CN470
45 SUMIDA CMD4011-470
Figure 4. Boosting the Bandwidth of the gm Amplifier TAIYO YUDEN LBC2518T470M
with Capacitance On the Inverting Input 40
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
simply an amplified version of the difference between the 3469 F05

feedback voltage and the reference voltage of 1.23V. In

this manner, the error amplifier sets the correct peak Figure 5. Efficiency Comparison of Different Inductors
current level to keep the output in regulation. If the error
amplifier’s output increases, more current is delivered to transient response, however, more output capacitance can
the output; if it decreases, less current is delivered. The help limit the voltage droop on VCC during transients.
switching regulator provides the boosted supply voltage Table 2. Recommended Ceramic Capacitor Manufacturers
for the gm amplifier. MANUFACTURER PHONE URL
Taiyo Yuden 408-573-4150 www.t-yuden.com
Inductor Selection AVX 843-448-9411 www.avxcorp.com
A 47µH inductor is recommended for most LT3469 appli- Murata 814-237-1431 www.murata.com
Kemet 408-986-0424 www.kemet.com
cations. Some suitable inductors with small size are listed
in Table 1. The efficiency comparison of different induc-
tors is shown in Figure 5. Inrush Current Considerations When Hot Plugging
Table 1. Recommended Inductors When the supply voltage is applied to VIN, the voltage
CURRENT difference between VIN and VCC generates inrush current
DCR RATING
PART NUMBER (Ω) (mA) MANUFACTURER flowing from the input through the inductor, the SW pin,
LQH32CN470 1.3 170 Murata and the integrated Schottky diode to charge the output
814-237-1431 capacitor. Care should be taken not to exceed the LT3469
www.murata.com
maximum SW pin current rating of 1A. Worst-case inrush
CMD4D11-470 2.8 180 Sumida
847-545-6700
current occurs when the application circuit is hot plugged
www.Sumida.com into a live supply with a large output capacitance. The
LBC2518T470M 1.9 150 Taiyo Yuden typical application circuit will maintain a peak SW pin
408-573-4150 current below 1A when it is hot plugged into a 5V supply.
www.t-yuden.com
To keep SW pin current below 1A during a hot plug into
a 12V supply, 4.7Ω must be added between the supply
Capacitor Selection and the LT3469 input capacitor. During normal operation,
The small size of ceramic capacitors makes them ideal for the SW pin current remains significantly less than 1A.
LT3469 applications. X5R and X7R types are recommended
because they retain their capacitance over wider voltage and Layout Hints
temperature ranges than other types such as Y5V or Z5U. As with all switching regulators, careful attention must be
A 1µF input capacitor is sufficient for most LT3469 appli- paid to the PCB board layout and component placement.
cations. A 0.22µF output capacitor is sufficient for stable To maximize efficiency, switch rise and fall times are made
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 LT3469
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OPERATIO
as short as possible. To prevent electromagnetic interfer- input, power dissipation is calculated from the amplifier
ence (EMI) problems, proper layout of the high frequency quiescent current (IQ), input frequency (f), output swing
switching path is essential. The voltage signal of the SW (VOUT(P-P)), capacitive load (CL), amplifier supply voltage
pin has sharp rise and fall edges. The SW pin should be (VCC) and switching regulator efficiency (η) as follows:
surrounded on three sides by metal connected to VCC to
shield +IN and –IN. Minimize the area of all traces con- PD =
(IQ + fVOUT(P-P)CL )(VCC )
nected to the SW pin and always use a ground plane under η
the switching regulator to minimize interplane coupling. In Example: LT3469 at TA = 70°C, VCC = 35V, CL = 200nF,
addition, the ground connection for the feedback resistor f = 3kHz, VOUT(P-P) = 4V, η = 80%:
R1 should be tied directly to the GND pin and not shared
with any other component, ensuring a clean, noise-free PD =
(2.5mA + 3kHz • 4V • 200nF )(35V) = 214mW
connection. The ground return of the piezoceramic 0.80
microactuator should also have a direct and unshared TJ = 70°C + (214mW • 250°C / W ) = 124°C
connection to the GND pin. The GND connection to R5
Do not exceed the maximum junction temperature of
should be tied directly to the ground of the source gener-
125°C.
ating the INPUT signal to avoid error induced by voltage
drops along the GND line. Recommended component GND INPUT
placement is shown in Figure 6.
R3 R5 R4

Thermal Considerations and Power Dissipation

The LT3469 combines large output drive with a small R1
R2
package. Because of the high supply voltage capability, it PIEZ0
is possible to operate the part under conditions that ACTUATOR

exceed the maximum junction temperature. Maximum

junction temperature (TJ) is calculated from the ambient C1 C2

temperature (TA) and power dissipation (PD) as follows: L

VIN
TJ = TA + (PD • 250°C/W) VIAS TO GROUND PLANE 3469 F06

Worst-case power dissipation occurs at maximum output

swing, frequency, capacitance and VCC. For a square wave Figure 6. Recommended Component Placement

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TYPICAL APPLICATIO
Piezo Speaker Driver
L1 C1, C2: X5R OR X7R DIELECTRIC
47µH L1: MURATA LQH32CN470
VIN SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL: 87dB AT 750Hz/10VP-P/10cm
3V TO 6V 3 5 WITH A 55nF PIEZO SPEAKER. IVIN WITH VIN = 3.3V:
C1
24mA AT 750Hz/10VP-P WITH A 55nF PIEZO SPEAKER
1µF VIN SW
6
VCC
294k C2
2
FB 0.47µF
LT3469 35V
17.4k
4
GND
16.9k VOUT
7
+IN + 1 1V TO 20V PIEZO
+ 8 OUT SPEAKER
INPUT –IN – 8nF < C < 300nF
0V TO 3V
– 20k
3469 TA01

113k

3469f

7
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no represen-
tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
LT3469
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PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
TS8 Package
8-Lead Plastic TSOT-23
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1637)

0.52 0.65 2.90 BSC

MAX REF (NOTE 4)

1.22 REF

2.80 BSC 1.50 – 1.75

3.85 MAX 2.62 REF 1.4 MIN (NOTE 4)

PIN ONE ID

0.22 – 0.36
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 0.65 BSC
8 PLCS (NOTE 3)
PER IPC CALCULATOR
0.80 – 0.90
0.09 – 0.20
0.20 BSC (NOTE 3)
0.01 – 0.10
1.00 MAX
DATUM ‘A’

0.30 – 0.50 REF

1.95 BSC
NOTE: TS8 TSOT-23 0802

1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE OF MOLD FLASH AND METAL BURR
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 5. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.254mm
3. DIMENSIONS ARE INCLUSIVE OF PLATING 6. JEDEC PACKAGE REFERENCE IS MO-193

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3469f

LT/TP 0304 1K • PRINTED IN USA

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