Coordinates: 03h 00m 00s, −60° 00′ 00″

Horologium (constellation)
Horologium (Latin hōrologium, from Greek ὡρολόγιον,
lit. 'an instrument for telling the hour') is a constellation of six Horologium
faintly visible stars in the southern celestial hemisphere. It was Constellation
first described by the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de
Lacaille in 1756 and visualized by him as a clock with a pendulum
and a second hand. In 1922 the constellation was redefined by the
International Astronomical Union (IAU) as a region of the
celestial sphere containing Lacaille's stars, and has since been an
IAU designated constellation. Horologium's associated region is
wholly visible to observers south of 23°N.

The constellation's brightest star—and the only one brighter than

an apparent magnitude of 4—is Alpha Horologii (at 3.85), an
ageing orange giant star that has swollen to around 11 times the
diameter of the Sun. The long-period variable-brightness star, R
Horologii (4.7 to 14.3), has one of the largest variations in
brightness known for stars in the night sky visible to the unaided List of stars in Horologium
eye. Four star systems in the constellation are known to have Abbreviation Hor
exoplanets; one—Gliese 1061—contains an exoplanet in its Genitive Horologii
habitable zone.
Pronunciation /ˌhɒrəˈloʊdʒiəm,
-ˈlɒ-/,[1]
genitive
Contents /ˌhɒrəˈloʊdʒiˌaɪ,
History -ˈlɒ-/

Characteristics Symbolism The Pendulum

Clock
Features
Stars Right ascension  3h
Deep-sky objects Declination −60°
Notes Quadrant SQ1
References Area 249 sq. deg.
External links (58th)
Main stars 6
Bayer/Flamsteed 10
History stars
Stars with planets 4
The French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille first described
the constellation as l'Horloge à pendule & à secondes (Clock with Stars brighter than 0
pendulum and seconds hand) in 1756,[2][3] after he had observed 3.00m
and catalogued almost 10,000 southern stars during a two-year Stars within 10.00 1
stay at the Cape of Good Hope. He devised fourteen new
pc (32.62 ly)
constellations in previously uncharted regions of the southern
celestial hemisphere, which were not visible from Europe. All but Brightest star α Hor (3.85m)
one honoured scientific instruments, and so symbolised the Age Messier objects 0
of Enlightenment.[a] The constellation name was Latinised to Meteor showers 0
Horologium in a catalogue and updated chart published
posthumously in 1763.[4] The Latin term is ultimately derived Bordering Eridanus
from the Ancient Greek ὡρολόγιον, for an instrument for telling constellations Hydrus
the hour.[5] Reticulum
Dorado

Characteristics Caelum
Visible at latitudes between +30° and −90°.

Covering a total of 248.9 Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the

square degrees or 0.603% of month of December.

the sky, Horologium ranks
58th in area out of the 88 modern constellations.[6] Its position in
the southern celestial hemisphere means the whole constellation is
visible to observers south of 23°N.[6][b] Horologium is bordered by
five constellations: Eridanus (the Po river), Caelum (the chisel),
Reticulum (the reticle), Dorado (the dolphin/swordfish), and Hydrus
(the male water snake). The three-letter abbreviation for the
constellation, as adopted by the International Astronomical Union in
1922, is "Hor".[7] The official constellation boundaries are defined by
a twenty-two-sided polygon (illustrated in infobox). In the equatorial
coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders
lie between   02h  12.8m and   04h  20.3m, while the declination
coordinates are between −39.64° and −67.04°.[8]
Horologium constellation: showing
the tangent line, or viewer's horizon,
at latitude approx 23 N, which is
parallel to the line of -67.04
declension, the lower declination
boundary of the constellation.

Features

Stars

Horologium has one star brighter than apparent magnitude 4,[9] and 41 stars brighter than or equal to
magnitude 6.5.[c][6] Lacaille charted and designated 11 stars in the constellation, giving them the Bayer
designations Alpha (α Hor) through Lambda Horologii (λ Hor) in 1756. In the mid-19th century, English
astronomer Francis Baily removed the designations of two—Epsilon and Theta Horologii—as he held
they were too faint to warrant naming. He was unable to find a star that corresponded to the coordinates
of Lacaille's Beta Horologii. Determining that the coordinates were wrong, he assigned the designation to
another star. Kappa Horologii, too, was unable to be verified—although it most likely was the star HD
18292—and the name fell out of use. In 1879, American astronomer Benjamin Apthorp Gould assigned
designations to what became Mu and Nu Horologii as he felt they were bright enough to warrant them.[4]
At magnitude 3.9, Alpha Horologii is the brightest star in the
constellation, located 115 (±  0.5) light-years from Earth.[11]
German astronomer Johann Elert Bode depicted it as the
pendulum of the clock, while Lacaille made it one of the
weights.[12] It is an orange giant star of spectral type K2III that
has swollen to around 11 times the diameter of the Sun, having
spent much of its life as a white main-sequence star.[13] At an
estimated 1.55 times the mass of the Sun,[14] it is radiating 38
times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective
(surface) temperature of 5,028 K.[15]

At magnitude 4.93, Delta Horologii is the second-brightest star

in the constellation,[16] and forms a wide optical double with
Alpha.[17] Delta itself is a true binary system composed of a
white main sequence star of spectral type A5V that is 1.41 times
as massive as the Sun with a magnitude of 5.15 and its fainter
companion of magnitude 7.29.[18] The system is located 179
(± 4) light-years from the earth.[11]

At magnitude 5.0, Beta Horologii is a white giant 63 times as

luminous as the Sun with an effective temperature of The constellation Horologium as it can be
8,303  K.[15] It is 312 (±  4) light-years from Earth,[19] and has seen by the naked eye
been little-studied.[16] Lambda Horologii is an ageing yellow-
white giant star of spectral type F2III that spins around at
140  km/second, and is hence mildly flattened at its poles (oblate).[20] It is 161 (±  1) light-years from
Earth.[11]

With a magnitude of 5.24,[21] Nu Horologii is a white main sequence star of spectral type A2V located
169 (±  1) light-years from Earth[22] that is around 1.9 times as massive as the Sun. Estimated to be
around 540 million years old, it has a debris disk that appears to have two components: an inner disk is
+9 +24
orbiting at a distance of 96 −37  AU, while an outer disk lies 410 −96  AU from the star. The estimated
mass of the disks is 0.13% ± 0.07% the mass of the Earth.[21]

Horologium has several variable stars. R Horologii is a red giant Mira variable with one of the widest
ranges in brightness known of stars in the night sky visible to the unaided eye.[23] It is around 1,000
light-years from Earth.[24] It has a minimum magnitude of 14.3 and a maximum magnitude of 4.7, with a
period of approximately 13 months.[25] T and U Horologii are also Mira variables.[17] The Astronomical
Society of Southern Africa reported in 2003 that observations of these two stars were needed as data on
their light curves was incomplete.[26] TW Horologii is a semiregular variable red giant star that is
classified as a carbon star,[25] and is 1,370 (± 70) light-years from Earth.[27]

Iota Horologii is a yellow-white dwarf star 1.23 (± 0.12) times as massive and 1.16 (± 0.04) times as wide
as the Sun with a spectral type of F8V,[28] 57 (±  0.05) light-years from Earth.[29] Its chemical profile,
movement and age indicate it formed within the Hyades cluster but has drifted around 130 light-years
away from the other members.[30] It has a planet at least 2.5 times as massive as Jupiter orbiting it every
307 days.[31] HD 27631 is a Sun-like star located 164 (± 0.3) light-years from Earth[32] which was found
to have a planet at least 1.45 times as massive as Jupiter that takes 2,208 (±  66) days (six years) to
complete an orbit.[33] WASP-120 is a yellow-white main-sequence star around 1.4 times as massive as
the Sun with a spectral type of F5V that is estimated to be 2.6 (± 0.5) billion years old. It has a massive
planet around 4.85 times the mass of Jupiter that completes its orbit every 3.6 days, and has an
estimated surface temperature of 1,880 (± 70) K.[34]

With an apparent magnitude of 13.06, Gliese 1061 is a red dwarf of spectral type M5.5V that has 12% of
the mass and 15% of the diameter of the Sun, and shines with only 0.17% of its luminosity. Located 12
light-years away from Earth, it is the 20th-closest single star or stellar system to the Sun. In August 2019,
it was announced that it had three planets, one of which lay in its habitable zone.[35]

Deep-sky objects

Horologium is home to many deep-sky objects, including several

globular clusters. NGC 1261 is a globular cluster of magnitude 8,
located 53,000 light-years from Earth.[25] It lies 4.7 degrees north-
northeast of Mu Horologii.[36] The globular cluster Arp-Madore 1 is
the most remote known globular cluster in the Milky Way at a Composite image of NGC 1512 (left)
distance of 123.3 kiloparsecs (402,000 light-years) from Earth.[37] and the dwarf galaxy NGC 1510

NGC 1512 is a barred spiral galaxy 2.1 degrees west-southwest of

Alpha Horologii with an apparent magnitude of 10.2.[36] About five arcmin (13.8 kpc) away is the dwarf
lenticular galaxy NGC 1510. The two are in the process of a merger which has been going on for
400 million years.[38]

The Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster is a galaxy supercluster, second in size only to the Shapley
Supercluster in the local universe (anything within 200 mpc of Earth). It contains over 20 Abell galaxy
clusters and covers more than 100 deg2 of the sky, centered roughly at equatorial coordinates α =
 03h 19m, δ = 50° 2′.[39]

Notes
a. The exception is Mensa, named for Table Mountain. The other twelve (alongside Horologium) are
Antlia, Caelum, Circinus, Fornax, Microscopium, Norma, Octans, Pictor, Pyxis, Reticulum, Sculptor
and Telescopium.[4]
b. While parts of the constellation technically rise above the horizon to observers between the latitudes
of 23°N and 50°N, those stars within a few degrees of the horizon are difficult to see.[6]
c. Objects of magnitude 6.5 are among the faintest visible to the unaided eye from locations between
suburban and rural areas in night skies.[10]

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External links
The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Horologium (http://www.allthesky.com/constellati
ons/reticulum/constell.html)
The clickable Horologium (http://astrojan.eu5.org/reticul.htm)
Starry Night Photography – Horologium Constellation (http://www.starrynightphotos.com/constellation
s/fornax_phoenix.htm)

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