International Research Journal of Management and Commerce

ISSN: (2348-9766)
Impact Factor 5.564 Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2018

Website- www.aarf.asia, Email : [email protected] , [email protected]

A Comparative Analysis of Financial Performance of Public and Private

Sector Banks in India
* Parmod Kumar,
Assistant Professor of Commerce, Govt. College for Women, Mokhra (Rohtak)
** Harish Chander
Research Scholar, MDU Rohtak

Abstract
Banks plays a vital role in the mobilization of resources by collecting funds from various
sources which has surplus funds and providing credit facilities to different sectors of an
economy for its development.Banks act as a lubricant for the entire monetary and financial
system and ensure smooth operations. A healthy and competitive banking system can
provide better services for the development of nation’s economy in today’s globalised era.
Hence, it is of utmost importance that banks should generate sufficient resources to run its
operations and for expansion & modernization programmes. The present study is thus
undertaken to make a comparative analysis of financial performance of public and private
sector banks during the period 2005-2017 with the help of ratio analysis and ANOVA. The
study shows that private sector banks are performing better than their public counterparts in
terms of Operating Profit to Total Assets Ratio, Profit per Employee, Return on Advances
Ratio and Returns on Assets. However, public sector banks are performing better than their
private sector counterparts in terms of Return on Investment Ratio. HDFC Bank is earning
the highest Return on Equity and the variations in its earning are also at the lowest level.The
difference between the ratios of various banks was statistically significant in all cases except
in case of Return on Equity where it was statistically insignificant.
Key Words: Bank, Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis, Public Sector, Private Sector

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Introduction
Banks plays a vital role in the mobilization of resources for the development of an economy.
They collect the funds from public and provide credit facilities for economic development of
the nation. The Indian banking system consists of 27 public sector banks, 26 private sector
banks, 46 foreign banks, 56 regional rural banks, 1,574 urban cooperative banks and 93,913
rural cooperative banks, in addition to cooperative credit institutions upto 31 st march, 2017.
Public-sector banks control more than 70 per cent of the banking system assets, thereby
leaving a comparatively smaller share for its private peers. Banks constitute the backbone of
a nation’s financial system, performing manifold functions through liquidity, maturity and
risk transformation. Indeed, it needs no gainsaying that the health of the economy is, in a
way, the mirror reflection of the banking system, especially in bank-based financial
systems. A bank is like heart of the human body and the capital it provides is akin to the
blood in it. So long as the blood circulates seamlessly, the organs remain sound and
healthy. However, if for any reason, the blood were not supplied to any organ, then that
part would be rendered useless. Not surprisingly therefore, there is always a conscious
attempt on the part of the Reserve Bank to provide adequate liquidity and credit to all
productive sectors of the economy. Banks act as a lubricant for the entire monetary and
financial system and ensure smooth operations. Hence, it is of utmost importance that
banks should generate sufficient resources to run its operations and for expansion &
modernization programmes. The present study is thus undertaken to make a comparative
analysis of financial performance of public and private sector banks.
Review of Literature
Nathwani (2004) in their doctoral thesis examined the financial performance of all
commercial banks covering the period 1997-98 to 2001-02. The study found that the
difference in operational efficiency in all the banking groups was statistically significant.
Capital Adequacy Ratio of SBI group was comparatively higher than RBI guidelines but
some other nationalized banks were little bit behind to the minimum standard fixed by RBI.
Further, the overall profitability of Indian Banking Sector was significantly differed in all the
five groups of commercial banks. The Return on Assets in SBI group indicated the
fluctuating trend as compared to other banks. In this study, the significant difference was
found among all the five banking groups regarding all the ratios relating to credit efficiency.
Kumar, Kumar and Duhan (2012) in their study revealed that there was no significant
difference in the growth rate of per employee amount of Public Sector Banks and Private

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Sector Banks. The performance of Private Sector Banks was somewhat better than Public
Sector Banks.
Singh andTandon (2012) in their paper studied the financial performance of SBI and ICICI
on the basis of selected ratios. The period of their study was 2008-2012. Credit Deposit
Ratio, Interest Expenses to Total Expenses Ratio, Interest Income to Total Income Ratio,
Other Income to Total Income Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Net Worth Ratio, Percentage change
in Net Profit, Percentage change in Total Income, Percentage Change in Total Expenditure,
Percentage Change in Deposits and Percentage change in Advances were used by the
researchers to measure the financial performance of the SBI and ICICI banks. The study
concluded that the customers have more trust on the public sector banks as compared to
private sector banks.
Tandon, Anjum and Julee (2014) discussed the financial performance of top five public
sector banks covering the period from 2009-2014. Ratio analysis was used by the researchers
for measuring the financial health of the banks. It was found that PNB has the highest return
on net worth and return on capital employed. State Bank of India has the highest EPS and
Bank of Baroda has the highest Capital Adequacy Ratio among the sampled banks. Further
SBI has highest Dividend Payout Ratio among the sampled banks.
Islam (2014) in his paper anlysed the financial performance of National Bank Limited of
Bangladesh for the period 2008-13. The researcher used the financial ratio analysis and it was
found that NBL achieved a worthy performance in all core areas of banking operations. The
results indicate that the overall bank performance in terms of profitability, liquidity and credit
performance was improved from 2008 to 2011 and then declined during 2012 and 2013.
Further bank increased the size of their portfolio during the period.
Shah and Jan (2014) in their paper studied the financial performance of top ten private banks
in Pakistan. ROA and interest income were taken as dependent variables with bank size,
assets management and operational efficiency as the independent variables. Results showed
that the ROA of the banks were strongly and negatively influenced by the bank size.
Operational efficiency was negatively associated with ROA and other dependent variable i.e.
interest income was strongly positively influenced by the bank size and was found
statistically significant.
Nagarkar (2015) had studied the financial performance with principle component analysis of
fifteen banks taking five each from public, private and foreign banks. The data was collected
for the period 2003 to 2013 and it was divided in two period as 2003-08 and period 2009-13.
The study shows that with the down fall in deposits, the credit growth rate is not affected

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because large national banks were able to withstand business cycles better than regional
banks. The study justified the objective of government to create bigger national level banks
by merging smaller banks.
Singh andPawan (2016) in their paper studied the financial performance of PNB and HDFC
banks. Various ratios like Capital Adequacy Ratio, Credit Deposit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio etc.
were used by the researchers for measuring the financial performance of these banks. The
study shows that PNB faces the problem to generate the income and NPAs of PNB were
increasing. The study further shows that the financial performance of HDFC bank was better
than PNB during the period of study.
Chandulal (2016) in his doctoral thesis made an attempt to compare the financial
performance of private and public sector banks with special reference to affecting factors and
their impact on performance indicators. Out of total 29 parameters studied, 10 parameters
showed significant financial difference at all three levels of data analysis. Among these 10
parameters private sector banks proves superiority over public sector banks in 4 parameters
while public sector banks proves superiority over private sector banks in remaining 6
parameters.
Rao and Ibrahim (2017) in their paper compared the financial performance of IDBI bank with
industry’s average on the basis of financial ratios for the period 2011-2012 to 2015-16. It was
found that the solvency position of IDBI Bank and the employment of assets was in tune with
the industry averages. Net profit margin of IDBI Bank indicates that the profit of the bank is
declining and is well below the industry averages which suggest that the operations of the
bank are needed to be improved. Further, the ROA of IDBI Bank is showing a declining trend
as compared to industry average.
Objectives of the Study
The present study is undertaken with the objective to compare the financial position of public
sector banks and private sector banks.
Period and Scope of the Study
The present study covers the period from 2005 to 2017. Three top banks viz. State Bank of
India, Bank of Baroda and Punjab National Bankfrom public sector and three top banks viz.
ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank from private sector in terms of market
capitalization were taken for the present study.
Data Collection
Secondary sources of data were taken for the present study. The data was primarily collected
from the Annual Reports of the banks and RBI publications.

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Research Methodology
Mainly ratio analysis and ANOVA were used to compare the financial performance of the
banks. The following ratios were used for the comparison:
1. Operating Profit to Total Assets
2. Profit per Employee
3. Return on Investment
4. Return on Advances
5. Return on Equity
6. Return on Assets
7. Net Interest Income to Total Assets

One way ANOVA was used to measure the difference within the returns of various banks.
Hypotheses
The following hypotheses have been evaluated using one way ANOVA in the present study:
H0 : There is no significant difference between ratios of Operating Profit to Total Assets of
different banks.
H0 : There is no significant difference between ratios of Profit per Employee of different
banks.
H0 : There is no significant difference between ratios of Return on Investment of different
banks. H0 : There is no significant difference between ratios of Return on Advances of
different banks. H0 : There is no significant difference between ratios of Return on Equity of
different banks.
H0 : There is no significant difference between ratios of Net Interest Income to Total Assets
of different banks.
Discussion
1. Operating Profit to Total Assets Ratio
Ratio of operating profit to total assets indicates operating profit as percentage of total assets.
Operating profit is excess of interest income over operating expenses. Higher ratio shows
better financial health of the bank.

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 Table 1: Operating Profit to Total Assets Ratio
STATE BANK HDF KOTAK
BANK PUNJAB OF C MAHIND Std.
OF NATION BAROD BAN ICICI RA BANK Deviati
Year INDIA AL BANK A K BANK LTD Average on
2005 2.53 2.10 2.56 2.87 2.02 2.16 2.37 0.33
2006 2.37 2.15 1.84 3.17 1.86 2.52 2.32 0.50
2007 1.89 2.35 1.88 3.11 1.97 2.17 2.23 0.47
2008 2.04 2.22 1.81 3.36 2.14 2.78 2.39 0.57
2009 2.13 2.55 2.12 3.27 2.29 2.09 2.41 0.46
2010 1.82 2.70 1.95 3.17 2.62 3.92 2.70 0.78
2011 2.23 2.68 2.19 3.09 2.35 3.00 2.59 0.39
2012 2.47 2.54 2.13 3.05 2.32 2.84 2.56 0.34
2013 2.14 2.33 1.81 3.10 2.57 2.89 2.47 0.48
2014 1.91 2.21 1.54 3.22 2.93 3.01 2.47 0.68
2015 2.10 2.07 1.44 3.22 3.18 3.10 2.52 0.75
2016 1.96 1.78 1.27 3.21 3.49 2.71 2.41 0.87
2017 2.01 2.10 1.61 3.21 3.55 2.94 2.57 0.77
Average 2.12 2.29 1.86 3.16 2.56 2.78
Std.
Deviatio
n 0.22 0.27 0.35 0.12 0.57 0.49
Source: RBI Publications
Table 1 show that the ratio of private sector banks is superior to public sector banks with
HDFC Bank at top followed by Kotak Mahindra and ICICI Bank. The profits of HDFC Bank
shows least fluctuation over the time and operating profit of ICICI Bank shows the highest
fluctuations during the study period. The public sector banks are showing downward trend in
long term whereas private sector banks are trying to stabilize their operating profit. Table 2
shows that the difference between the operating profits of various banks is statistically
significant.

Table 2: Results of ANOVA in r/o Operating Profit to Total Assets Ratio

Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 14.32032074 5 2.864064147 21.07497606 6.4509E-13 2.3418275
Within Groups 9.784714249 72 0.135898809

Total 24.10503498 77
Source: Calculated from the data of Table 1
2. Profit per Employee
This parameter indicates the amount of profit generated per employee of banks. Higher the
profit per employee, higher will be efficiency of the bank.Table 3 shows that the private

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sector banks are performing more efficiently in comparison to public sector banks. ICICI
Bank is top performer in terms of profit per employee followed by HDFC Bank whereas PNB
and SBI are the worst performers among the sampled banks. Private sector banks are
showing upward trend in the ratio. Wide variations are visible in the trend of profit per
employee of Bank of Baroda.
Table 3: Profit per Employee Ratio
STATE
BANK PUNJAB BANK KOTAK
OF NATIONAL OF HDFC ICICI MAHINDRA Std.
Year INDIA BANK BARODA BANK BANK BANK LTD Average Deviation
2005 0.21 0.24 0.70 0.88 1.10 0.54 0.61 0.35
2006 0.22 0.25 0.21 0.74 1.00 0.42 0.47 0.33
2007 0.24 0.27 0.27 0.61 0.90 0.31 0.43 0.27
2008 0.37 0.37 0.39 0.50 1.00 0.40 0.51 0.25
2009 0.47 0.56 0.60 0.42 1.10 0.30 0.58 0.28
2010 0.45 0.73 0.80 0.60 0.90 0.70 0.70 0.16
2011 0.39 0.84 1.10 0.74 1.00 0.80 0.81 0.25
2012 0.53 0.84 1.20 0.80 1.10 0.90 0.90 0.24
2013 0.65 0.81 1.00 1.00 1.40 1.00 0.98 0.25
2014 0.49 0.50 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.00 0.93 0.37
2015 0.60 0.50 0.70 1.00 1.60 1.10 0.92 0.41
2016 0.47 -0.60 -1.00 1.50 1.40 0.70 0.41 1.03
2017 0.51 0.20 2.60 1.60 1.20 1.10 1.20 0.85
Average 0.43 0.42 0.74 0.89 1.16 0.71

Std.
Deviation 0.14 0.39 0.80 0.36 0.22 0.30
Source: RBI Publication
Table 4 further shows that the difference between profit per employee of various banks is
statistically significant.
Table 4: Results of ANOVA in r/o Profit per Employee Ratio
Source of
Variation SS Df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 5.158331949 5 1.03166639 5.765698308 0.00015686 2.3418275
Within Groups 12.88308477 72 0.178931733

Total 18.04141672 77
Source: Calculated from the data of Table 3
3. Return on Investment Ratio
Ratio of return on investment indicates profit as percentage of total investment. It showsthe
investment efficiency of banks.

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 Table 5: Return on Investment Ratio
STATE
BANK PUNJAB BANK KOTAK
OF NATIONAL OF HDFC ICICI MAHINDRA Std.
Year INDIA BANK BARODA BANK BANK BANK LTD Average Deviation
2005 8.37 8.56 7.96 6.79 4.75 3.86 6.72 1.99
2006 7.77 8.79 8.05 6.84 6.05 7.19 7.45 0.96
2007 6.71 7.63 7.31 6.98 6.13 5.78 6.76 0.70
2008 7.05 7.28 6.95 7.18 7.37 8.85 7.45 0.70
2009 6.69 7.27 6.87 7.41 6.90 6.12 6.88 0.46
2010 6.20 6.46 6.43 6.78 5.77 6.72 6.40 0.37
2011 6.71 6.52 7.20 7.22 6.19 6.46 6.72 0.42
2012 7.88 7.10 8.00 7.72 6.58 6.75 7.34 0.61
2013 8.20 7.55 7.32 7.48 6.65 7.41 7.44 0.50
2014 8.52 7.50 7.32 7.77 6.63 7.54 7.55 0.61
2015 8.03 7.22 8.10 7.23 6.32 7.88 7.46 0.68
2016 8.00 7.82 9.00 8.13 6.67 8.65 8.04 0.80
2017 7.19 7.30 8.47 7.77 7.07 7.64 7.57 0.52
Average 7.49 7.46 7.61 7.33 6.39 6.99

Std.
Deviation 0.76 0.67 0.72 0.43 0.66 1.30
Source: RBI Publications
Table 5 shows that the public sector banks are earning more returns on their investment in
comparison to private sector banks. Bank of Baroda is the topper in the list followed by SBI
and PNB. The ratio of ICICI Bank is the lowest among sampled banks.
Table 6: Results of ANOVA in r/o Return on Investment Ratio
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 13.47935632 5 2.695871264 4.19823946 0.0021005 2.3418275
Within Groups 46.23431628 72 0.642143282

Total 59.71367259 77
Source: Calculated from the data of Table 5
Further Table 6 shows that the difference between the returns on investment of different
banks is statistically significant.
4. Return on Advances Ratio
Ratio of return on advances indicates profit as percentage of total advances. It shows
theefficiency of banks in terms of utilizing its advances.

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 Table 7: Return on Advances Ratio
STATE PUNJAB KOTAK
BANK OF NATIONAL BANK OF HDFC ICICI MAHINDRA Std.
Year INDIA BANK BARODA BANK BANK BANK LTD Average Deviation
2005 7.24 7.89 7.35 7.68 8.77 10.46 8.23 1.22
2006 7.62 7.91 7.31 8.91 8.59 10.40 8.46 1.12
2007 8.29 8.93 8.27 10.57 9.41 11.62 9.52 1.34
2008 9.34 9.66 8.84 12.62 10.72 13.61 10.80 1.92
2009 9.67 10.64 8.96 14.96 10.06 15.50 11.63 2.84
2010 8.62 9.77 7.88 10.77 8.70 13.51 9.88 2.05
2011 8.64 9.85 8.02 10.56 8.26 12.83 9.69 1.82
2012 9.98 10.61 8.67 11.89 9.42 14.23 10.80 2.01
2013 9.46 10.57 8.40 12.33 10.05 14.04 10.81 2.05
2014 9.09 9.84 7.69 11.68 9.99 13.15 10.24 1.93
2015 8.95 9.54 7.47 11.12 9.81 12.53 9.90 1.75
2016 8.37 8.69 7.34 10.80 9.47 13.49 9.69 2.19
2017 7.88 7.92 7.18 10.22 8.81 10.52 8.75 1.36
Average 8.71 9.37 7.95 11.08 9.39 12.76
Std.
Deviation 0.82 1.02 0.63 1.77 0.73 1.59
Source: RBI publication
Table 7 shows that the private sector banks are utilizing their advances in more efficient way in
comparison to public sector banks. The Kotak Mahindra Bank is the top performer followed by
HDFC Bank. ICICI Bank and PNB are at third position. Bank of Baroda is the worst performer
among the sampled banks. Further Table 8 shows that there is statistically significant difference
among the returns on investment of different banks.
Table 8: Results of ANOVA in r/o Return on Advances Ratio
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 199.630936 5 39.92618721 28.84807908 6.0849E-16 2.3418275
Within Groups 99.64911256 72 1.384015452

Total 299.2800486 77
Source: Calculated from the data of table 7
5. Return on Equity
Return on equity is also one of the important parameters for measuring profitability of
thebanks. Return on Assets measures profit as percentage of total assets while Return on
Equitymeasures profit as percentage of equity capital of banks.

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 Table 9: Return on Equity
STATE PUNJAB KOTAK
BANK OF NATIONAL BANK OF HDFC ICICI MAHINDRA Std.
Year INDIA BANK BARODA BANK BANK BANK LTD Average Deviation
2005 19.43 21.41 12.58 18.45 18.86 12.46 17.20 3.76
2006 17.04 16.41 12.28 17.74 14.33 14.58 15.40 2.04
2007 15.41 15.55 12.45 19.46 13.17 11.19 14.54 2.95
2008 16.75 18.01 14.58 17.74 11.63 11.19 14.98 3.02
2009 17.05 22.92 18.62 17.17 7.80 7.36 15.15 6.24
2010 14.80 24.12 21.86 16.30 7.96 13.29 16.39 5.88
2011 12.62 22.60 23.47 16.74 9.65 14.39 16.58 5.52
2012 15.72 19.80 20.64 18.69 11.20 14.65 16.78 3.59
2013 15.43 15.70 15.07 20.34 13.10 15.60 15.87 2.39
2014 10.03 9.75 13.36 21.28 14.02 13.82 13.71 4.16
2015 10.62 8.17 8.96 19.37 14.55 14.12 12.63 4.21
2016 7.30 -10.27 -13.48 18.26 11.43 10.97 4.03 12.86
2017 6.31 3.31 3.44 17.95 10.33 13.23 9.09 5.84
Average 13.73 14.42 12.60 18.42 12.16 12.83
Std.
Deviation 4.04 9.68 9.54 1.41 3.01 2.21
Source: RBI Publication
Table 9 shows that the HDFC Bank is consistently generating the highest average returns on equity
capital and further followed by PNB and SBI with wide deviations from year to year. The returns of
public sector banks show more deviations in comparison to private sector banks. The returns of SBI
and PNB are showing downward trend whereas returns of Bank of Baroda shows upward
trend upto the year 2011 and thereafter shows downward trend. Further, Table 10 shows that
the difference between returns on equity of different banks was statistically insignificant.
Table 10: Results of ANOVA in r/o Return on Equity
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
344.555880 68.9111760 1.90499625 0.1040479 2.341827
Between Groups 4 5 9 4 7 5
2604.52201 36.1739168
Within Groups 3 72 4

2949.07789
Total 3 77
Source: Calculated from the data of Table 9
6. Return on Assets
Returns on Asset Ratio is the ratio of net income (profits) generated by the bank on its total
assets (including fixed assets). The higher the proportion of earnings assets, the better would
be the resulting returns on total assets. Return on Assets is one of the important parameters
for measuring profitability of the banks. This ratio indicates the return as percentage of total
assets.

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 Table 11: Return on Assets
STATE
BANK PUNJAB KOTAK
OF NATIONAL BANK OF HDFC ICICI MAHINDRA Std.
Year INDIA BANK BARODA BANK BANK BANK LTD Average Deviation
2005 0.99 1.17 0.75 1.47 1.59 1.56 1.26 0.34
2006 0.89 1.09 0.79 1.38 1.30 1.39 1.14 0.26
2007 0.84 1.03 0.80 1.33 1.09 0.94 1.01 0.19
2008 1.01 1.15 0.89 1.32 1.12 1.10 1.10 0.14
2009 1.04 1.39 1.09 1.28 0.98 1.03 1.14 0.16
2010 0.88 1.44 1.21 1.53 1.13 1.72 1.32 0.30
2011 0.71 1.34 1.33 1.58 1.35 1.77 1.35 0.36
2012 0.88 1.19 1.24 1.77 1.50 1.83 1.40 0.37
2013 0.97 1.00 0.90 1.90 1.70 1.81 1.38 0.47
2014 0.65 0.64 0.75 2.00 1.78 1.80 1.27 0.65
2015 0.68 0.53 0.49 2.02 1.86 1.98 1.26 0.76
2016 0.46 -0.61 -0.78 1.89 1.49 1.19 0.61 1.11
2017 0.41 0.19 0.20 1.88 1.35 1.73 0.96 0.78
Average 0.80 0.89 0.74 1.64 1.40 1.53
Std.
Deviation 0.20 0.58 0.55 0.28 0.28 0.35
Source: RBI Publication
Table 11 shows that the performance of private sector banks is superior to public sector banks in
terms of use of their assets in generating returns. HDFC Bank is the top performer followed by Kotak
Mahindra and ICICI Bank. Bank of Baroda is the worst performer amongst the sampled banks. The
long term trend of public sector banks is downward whereas the private sector banks except ICICI
Bank are showing a slight upward trend during the period of study. Table 12 further reveals that the
difference between return on assets of different banks is statistically significant.
Table 12: Results of ANOVA in r/o Return on Assets
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
2.08679282 13.0525129 2.341827
Between Groups 10.4339641 5 1 5 4.787E-09 5
11.5111230 0.15987670
Within Groups 8 72 9

21.9450871
Total 8 77
Source: Calculated from the data of Table 11
7. Net Interest Income to Total Assets Ratio
The ratio of Interest Income to Total Assets indicates interest income as percentage of total
assets. It is also known as net interest margin. Total Assets includes cash in hand, balances
with RBI, balances with banks inside/outside India, money at call, investments, advances,
fixed Assets and other Assets.

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 Table 13: Net Interest Income to Total Assets Ratio

STATE
BANK PUNJAB BANK KOTAK
OF NATIONAL OF HDFC ICICI MAHINDRA Std.
Year INDIA BANK BARODA BANK BANK BANK LTD Average Deviation
2005 3.21 3.51 3.31 3.79 1.94 3.66 3.24 0.67
2006 3.27 3.44 3.05 4.08 2.25 4.55 3.44 0.81
2007 2.84 3.39 2.79 4.21 1.89 4.12 3.21 0.88
2008 2.64 3.06 2.42 4.66 1.96 5.08 3.31 1.27
2009 2.48 3.06 2.52 4.69 2.15 5.33 3.37 1.32
2010 2.35 3.12 2.35 4.13 2.19 5.62 3.29 1.35
2011 2.86 3.50 2.76 4.22 2.34 4.75 3.41 0.93
2012 3.38 3.21 2.56 4.19 2.40 4.31 3.34 0.80
2013 3.06 3.17 2.28 4.28 2.70 4.29 3.30 0.83
2014 2.93 3.14 1.98 4.14 2.91 4.34 3.24 0.87
2015 2.86 2.87 1.92 4.14 3.07 4.36 3.20 0.91
2016 2.60 2.41 1.84 4.15 3.11 4.63 3.12 1.07
2017 2.44 2.16 1.98 4.13 2.91 3.99 2.94 0.93
Average 2.84 3.08 2.44 4.22 2.45 4.54
Std.
Deviation 0.33 0.40 0.45 0.23 0.44 0.54
Source: RBI Publication
Table 13 shows that the performance of Kotak Mahindra Bank is the best among the sampled
banks regarding Net Interest Income to Total Assets Ratio. HDFC Bank is at second place
and PNB is at third place. Bank of Baroda and ICICI Bank are at the lowest level among the
sampled banks. Again public sector banks are showing downward trend whereas private
sector banks are showing slightly upward trend in the ratio. Further Table 14 shows that the
difference of ratios between various banks is statistically significant.
Table 14: Results of ANOVA in r/o Net Interest Income to Total Assets Ratio
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 53.20516162 5 10.64103232 62.3703361 8.6268E-25 2.3418275
Within Groups 12.2839538 72 0.17061047

Total 65.48911543 77
Source: Calculated from the data of Table 13
Conclusion
From the above discussion it can be concluded that private sector banks are performing better
than their public counterparts in terms of Operating Profit to Total Assets Ratio, Profit per
Employee, Return on Advances Ratio and Returns on Assets. However, public sector banks
are performing better than their private sector counterparts in terms of Return on Investment
Ratio. HDFC Bank is earning the highest Return on Equity and the variations in its earning
are also at the lowest level. PNB is second best performer in terms of Return on Equity but
there are wide fluctuations in its returns. The returns of SBI and PNB are showing downward

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trend whereas returns of Bank of Baroda shows upward trend upto the year 2011 and
thereafter shows downward trend. The returns of HDFC Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank
shows almost constant trend with little upward and downward fluctuations. Kotak Mahindra
Bank and HDFC Bank are generating higher ratio of Net Interest Income to Total Assets
Ratio. Further the long term trend of Net Interest Income to Total Assets Ratio is downward
which is a matter of concern for the respective banks. The difference between the ratios of
various banks was statistically significant in all cases except in case of Return on Equity
where it was statistically insignificant.

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