Chapter 5.

2 Page 250 # 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 25, 27

For exercises 6 through 11, determine whether the distribution represents a probability
distribution. If it does not, state why.

7. X 3 6 8 12
P(x) 0.3 0.5 0.7 -0.8

No, we cannot have negative numbers, and P(x) does not equal 1.

9.
X 1 2 3 4 5
P(x)

10 10
= = 1, yes 1. Each P(x) is between 0 and 1.  p( x)   1.
10 10

11.
X 5 10 15
P(x) 1.2 0.3 0.5

 2  1 , No, not equal to 1. 1. P(x) = 1.2 is not between 0 and 1, 2.  p( x)  2  1

For Exercises 12 through 18, state whether the variable is discrete or continuous.

13. The number of cheeseburgers a fast-food restaurant serves each day.

Discrete

15. The weight of a Siberian tiger.

Continuous

17. The number of mathematics majors in your school.

Discrete

For Exercises 19 through 26, construct a probability distribution for the data and draw a graph for
the distribution.

19. Medical tests the probabilities that a patient will have 0, 1, 2, or 3 medical tests performed on
6 5 3 1
entering a hospital are , , , and respectively.
15 15 15 15
 X P(X)
0 6/15
1 5/15
2 3/15
3 1/15

21. Defective Parts The probabilities of a machine manufacturing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 defective parts in one
day are 0.75, 0.17, 0.04, 0.025, 0.01 and 0.005, respectively.

De fec tiv e P a r ts
0.8 0.750
X P(X)
0.7
0 0.75
0.6
1 0.17
0.5
2 0.04
Probability

0.4
3 0.025
0.3
4 0.01
0.2 0.170
5 0.005
0.1
0.040
0.025 0.010 0.005
0.0

0 1 2 3 4 5
De fe c t iv e pa r t s

25. Surgical Operations The probabilities that a surgeon operates on 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 patients in any one
day are 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.20, and 0.20, respectively.

X P(X)
3 0.15
4 0.20
5 0.25
6 0.20
7 0.20

27. Selecting a Monetary Bill A box contains two $1 bills, three $5 bills, one $10 bill, and three $20
bills. Construct a probability distribution for the data.

X P(X)
$1 2/9
 $5 3/9
$10 1/9
$20 3/9

Chapter 5.3 Page 259 Number’s 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18

3. Number of Credit Cards A bank vice president feels that each savings account customer has, on
average, three credit cards. The following distribution represents the number of credit cards
people won. Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation. Is the vice president correct?

Number of
Credit
Cards X 0 1 2 3 4

Probability 0.18 0.44 0.27 0.08 0.03

P(X)

Mean:    X
P( X )  0  0.18  1 0.44  2  0.27  3  0.08  4  0.03  1.34

Variance  2   X 2
 P ( X )    2 

02  0.18  12  0.44  22  0.27  32  0.08  42  0.03  1.342  2.72  1.7956  0.9

Standard deviation   0.9  1

No, the vice president is not correct. On average, each person has about one credit card.

5. Public Speaking a public speaker computes the probabilities for the number of speeches she gives
each week. Compute the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the distribution shown.

Number of speeches X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Probability P(x) 0.06 0.42 0.22 0.12 0.15 0.03

x x2 P(x) X
P(x) x 2
P (x)

0 0 0.06 0 0
1 1 0.42 0.42 0.42
2 4 0.22 0.44 0.88
3 9 0.12 0.36 1.08
4 16 0.15 0.60 2.4
5 25 0.03 0.15 0.75
Sum = 1.97 4.53

Mean:    X
P( X )  0  0.06  1 0.42  2  0.22  3  0.12  4  0.15  5  0.03  1.97

Variance  2   X  P( X )    2  4.53  1.97   1.649
2 2

Standard deviation = 1.649  1.28

6. Number of Bedrooms a recent survey by an insurance company showed the following probabilities
for the number of bedrooms in each insured home. Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation for
the distribution.

Number of bedrooms X 2 3 4 5
Probability P(x) 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1

x x2 P(x) X
P(x) x 2
P (x)

2 4 0.3 0.6 1.2
3 9 0.4 1.2 3.6
4 16 0.2 0.8 3.2
5 25 0.1 0.5 2.5
Sum = 3.1 10.5

Mean:    X
P( X )  3.1

Variance  2   X  P( X )    2  10.5   3.1  0.89
2 2

Standard deviation = 0.89  0.9

7. Commercials during children’s TV programs a concerned parents group determined the number of
commercials shown in each of five children’s programs over a period of time. Find the mean, variance,
and standard deviation shown.

Number of commercials X 5 6 7 8 9
Probability P(x) 0.2 0.25 0.38 0.10 0.07

x x2 P(x) X
P(x) x 2
P (x)

5 25 0.2 1 5
6 36 0.25 1.5 9  2  44.69  (6.59) 2  44.69  43.43  1.26
7 49 0.38 2.66 18.62
8 72 0.10 0.8 6.4
9 81 0.07 0.63 5.67
  1.26  1.123
1.12 ,   6.59
Sum = 6.59 44.69

11. Insurance an insurance company insures a person’s antique coin collection worth $20,000 for an
annual premium of $300. If the company figures that the probability of the collection being stolen is
0.002, what will be the company’s expected profit?

P (of being stolen) = 0.002 Worth=20,000

P (of not being stolen) = 0.998 premium=300=20,000-300=19,700

x P(x) x
p(x)
Profit 300 0.998 299.4
Loss -19,700 0.002 -39.4 Expected profit is $260.0.
Sum = 260

12. Job Bids a landscape contractor bids on jobs where he can make $3000 profit. The probabilities of
getting one, two, three, or four jobs per month are shown.

Number of jobs X 1 2 3 4
Probability P(x) 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1

Find the contractor’s expected profit per month.

Mean:    X
P( X )  1(0.2)  2(0.3)  3(0.4)  4(0.1)  2.4

Per month the contractor’s expected profit is 2.4($3000) = $7200

13. Rolling Dice if a person rolls doubles when he tosses two dice, he wins $5. For the game to be fair,
how much should the person pay to play the game?

Win

Gain x $5

Probability P(x) 1/6

   X
P( X )  5(1/ 6)  0.83 Therefore, he has to pay $0.83 for the game to be fair.
14. Rolling Dice if a player rolls two dice and gets a sum of 2 or 12, she wins $20. If the person gets a 7,
she wins $5. The cost to play the game is $3. Find the expectation of the game.

Sums 2 or 12 7 other
Gain (x) $20-$3 = $17 $5-$3 = $2 -$3
P(x) 2/36 6/36 28/36

E ( x)     x
p ( x)  (17)(2 / 36)  (2)(6 / 36)  ( 3)(28 / 36)  1.05

Therefore, the expectation of the game is -$1.06.

15. Lottery prizes a lottery offers one $1000 prize, one $500 prize, and five $100 prizes. One thousand
tickets are sold at $3 each. Find the expectation if a person buys one ticket.

x P(x) x
p(x) 1 1 5
win 1000-3 1/1000 997/1000 1000
( )  500
( )  100
( )  3  1.00
1000 1000 1000
win 500-3 1/1000 497/1000
win 100-3 5/1000 485/1000 Expectation of buying one ticket is losing one dollar
loss -3 993/1000 -2979/1000
Sum = -1000/1000=-1 Or -$1.00.

18. Life Insurance a 35-year-old woman purchases a $100,000 term life insurance policy for an annual
payment of $360. Based on a period life table for the U.S. government, the probability that she will
survive the year is 0.999057. Find the expected value of the policy for the insurance company.

Win Lose
Gain X $360 -99,640
Probability P(X) 0.999057 0.000943

E ( x)     x
p ( x)  360(.999057)  99640(.000943)  265.70

The expected value of the policy for the insurance company is $265.70

Section 5-4 #’s 1, 3ae, 5, 7, 11, 13, 14bgh, 15, 17 ,19, 21 ,24

1) Which of the following are binomial experiments or can be reduced to binomial experiments?

a) Surveying 100 people to determine if they like Sudsy Soap Yes

b) Tossing a coin 100 times to see how many heads occur Yes
c) Drawing a card with replacement from a deck and getting a heart Yes
d) Asking 1000 people which brand of cigarettes they smoke No
e) Testing four different brands of aspirin to see which brands are effective No
 f) Testing one brand of aspirin by using 10 people to determine whether it is effective Yes
g) Asking 100 people if they smoke Yes
h) Checking 1000 applicants to see whether they were admitted to White Oak College Yes
i) Surveying 300 prisoners to see how many different crimes they were convicted of No
j) Surveying 300 prisoners to see whether this is their first offense Yes

3) Compute the probability of X successes, using the binomial formula.

n! n X n X
P(X ) 
p X

q  C
p X

q
(n  X )! X !
n X

a) n=6, X=3, p=0.03 then q= 1 -0.03 = 0.97

P(X )  6 C 3
0 .0 3
0 .9 7 6  3  2 0 ( 0 .0 0 0 0 2 7 ) ( 0 .9 1 2 6 7 3 )  0 .0 0 0 5
3

e) n=10, X=5, p=0.37 then q= 1 – 0.37 = 0.63

P(X )  10 C 5
0 .3 7
0 .6 3 1 0  5  2 5 2 ( 0 .3 7 ) 5 ( 0 .6 3 ) 5  0 .1 7 3
5

5) True/False Exam a student takes a 20-question, true/false exam and guesses on each question.
Find the probability of passing if the lowest passing grade is 15 correct out of 20. Would you
consider this event likely to occur? Explain your answer.

n=20, X  15, p= 1 , q= 1
2 2

1 1 1 1
P ( X )  20 C15 ( )15 ( ) 2015  15, 504( )15 ( )5  0.015
2 2 2 2
1 16 1 2016 1 16 1 4
P ( X )  20 C16 ( ) ( )  4,845( ) ( )  0.005
2 2 2 2
1 17 1 2017 1 17 1 3
P ( X )  20 C17 ( ) ( )  1,140( ) ( )  0.001
2 2 2 2
1 18 1 2018 1 18 1 2
P ( X )  20 C18 ( ) ( )  190( ) ( )  0.0002
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
P ( X )  20 C19 ( )19 ( ) 2019  20( )19 ( )1  0.00002
2 2 2 2
1 20 1 20  20 1 20 1 0
P ( X )  20 C20 ( ) ( )  1( ) ( )  0.000000954
2 2 2 2
so... P( X )  0.015  0.005  0.001  0.0002  0.00002  0.000000954  0.021

No, this event would not likely occur because it’s only about a 2% chance.

7) Book Purchases In a survey, 30% of people interviewed said that they bought most of their books
during the last 3 months of the year (October, November, and December). If nine people are
selected at random, find the probability that exactly three of these people bought most of their
books during October, November, and December.

n=9, p=0.3, q=0.7, X=3

P ( X )  9 C 3 (0.3) 3 (0.7) 6  0.267

11) College Education and Business World Success R. H. Bruskin Associates Market Research found that
40% of Americans do not think that having a college education is important to succeed in the
business world. If a random sample of five Americans is selected, find these probabilities.

a) Exactly two people will agree with that statement.

n=5, p=0.4, q=0.6, X=2

P ( X  2)  5 C 2 (0.4) 2 (0.6) 3  0.346

b) At most three people will agree with that statement.

n=5, p=0.4, q=0.6, X=2

P ( X  3)  P ( x  0)  P ( x  1)  P ( x  2)  P ( x  3) 
5 C 0 (0.4) 0 (0.6) 5  5 C1 (0.4)1 (0.6) 4  5 C 2 (0.4) 2 (0.6) 3 
5 C 3 (0.4) 3 (0.6) 2  0.913

c) At least two people will agree with that statement.

P ( x  2)  1  P ( x  2)  1  ( P( x  0)  P ( x  1))  1  (0.078  0.259)  0.663

d) Fewer than three people will agree with that statement.

P ( x  3)  P ( x  0)  P ( x  1)  P ( x  2)  0.078  0.259  0.346  0.683

13) Internet Access If 80% of the people in a community have Internet access from their homes, find
these probabilities for a sample of 10 people.

n=10, p=0.8, q=0.2

a. At most 6 have Internet access.

X  6, P ( X )  0.001  0.006  0.026  0.088  0.121
b. Exactly 6 have Internet access.
X=6, P ( X )  10 C 6 (0.8) 6 (0.2) 4  0.088
c. At least 6 have Internet access.
X  6, P ( X )  0.088  0.201  0.302  0.268  0.107  0.966
d. Which event a, b, or c, is most likely to occur?
Event c is most likely to occur since it has the highest probability.

14) Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation for each of the values of n and p when the
conditions for the binomial distribution are met.
 9

b.
n  300, p  0.3
  300(0.3)  90
 2  300(0.3)(0.7)  63
  63  7.94  7.9
g.
2
n  50, p 
5
2
  50( )  20
5
2 3
 2  50( )( )  12
5 5
  12  3.464  3.5

h.

1
n  36, p 
6
1
  36( )  6
6
1 5
  36( )( )  5
2

6 6
  5  2.236  2.2

15) Social Security Recipients A study found that 1% of social security recipients are too young to vote.
If 800 social security recipients are randomly selected, find the mean, variance, and standard
deviation of the number of recipients who are too young to vote.

  n  p  800(0.01)  8
 2  n  p  q  800(0.01)(0.99)  7.9
  n  p  q  7.9  2.8

17) Defective Calculators If 3% of calculators are defective, find the mean, variance, and standard
deviation of a lot of 300 calculators.

n  300, p  0.03
  300(0.03)  9
 2  300(0.03)(0.97)  8.73
  8.73  2.95

19) Watching Fireworks a survey found that 21% of Americans watch fireworks on television on July 4.
Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the number of individuals who watch fireworks
on television on July 4 if a random sample of 1000 Americans is selected.
 10

  n  p  1000(0.21)  210
 2  n  p  q  1000(0.21)(0.79)  165.9
  n  p  q  165.9  12.9

21) Survey on Bathing Pets a survey found that 25% of pet owners had their pets bathed
professionally rather than do it themselves. If 18 pet owners are randomly selected, find the
probability that exactly five people have their pets bathed professionally.

n=18, p=0.25, q=0.75, X=5

P ( X )  18 C5 (0.25) 5 (0.75)13  0.199

24) Survey on Internet Awareness In a survey, 58% of American adults said they had never heard of
the Internet. If 20 American adults are selected at random, find the probability that exactly 12 will
say they have never heard of the Internet.

P( X )  20 C12 (0.58)12 (0.42)8  0.177