Apogee Perigee

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Perihelion, Aphelion and the Solstices
By Aparna Kher
The Earth is closest to the Sun – at its Perihelion – about 2 weeks after
the December Solstice and farthest from the Sun – at its Aphelion –
about 2 weeks after the June Solstice.
Earth's orbit around the Sun changes.
Changing Elliptical Orbit

Earth orbits the Sun in an elliptical path, which means that there is 1 point of the
path when the Sun is at its closest to the Earth and 1 point when it is furthest
away.
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Orbit Changes Shape
The shape of this path varies due to gravitational influences of other planetary
objects, particularly the Moon.
Approximately every 100,000 years, Earth's orbital path changes from being
nearly circular to elliptical. The difference of the Earth’s orbital shape from a
perfect circle is known as its eccentricity. An eccentricity value of 0 is a
circular orbit, while values between 0 and 1 describe an elliptical orbit.
Aphelion in Manila, Philippines is on
Saturday, 4 July 2020, 19:34 PHT (Change city)
Distance from the Sun's center to Earth's center will be 152,095,295 km
(94,507,635 mi)
Year Perihelion Distance Aphelion Distance
202 5 January 2020 15:47 147,091,144 km 4 July 2020 152,095,295 km

0 19:34

1 06:27

2 15:10

3 04:06

4 13:06
* All aphelion/perihelion times are in local Manila time.
Earth's Perihelion and Aphelion

The Earth is closest to the Sun, or at the perihelion, about 2 weeks after
the December Solstice, when it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
Conversely, the Earth is farthest away from the Sun, at the aphelion point, 2
weeks after the June Solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is enjoying warm
summer months.
Astronomical terms & definitions
Is the Timing a Coincidence?

The dates when Earth reaches the extreme points on its orbit are not fixed
because of the variations in its eccentricity. In 1246, the December Solstice was
on the same day as the Earth reached its Perihelion. Since then, the Perihelion
and Aphelion dates have drifted by a day every 58 years. In the short-term, the
dates can vary up to 2 days from one year to another.
Mathematicians and astronomers estimate that in the year 6430, over 4000
years from now, the timing of the Perihelion and the March Equinox will
coincide.
What causes seasons?
Perigee and Apogee

Like the Earth's orbit around the Sun, the Moon's path around the Earth
is elliptical. The point in the Moon's orbit that is closest to the Earth is called
the Perigee and the point farthest from the Earth is known as the Apogee. The
terms are also sometimes used interchangeably with the Earth's Perihelion and
Aphelion.
Did You Know...

...that the words Perihelion and Aphelion come from ancient Greek,
where peri means close, apo means far, and helios means the Sun? They are
used in astronomy to refer to the closest and farthest points of the orbits of any
object revolving around the Sun. Together, they are called apsides - the points of
least or greatest distance of a celestial object in orbit around another
astronomical body.
Topics: Astronomy, Solstice, Sun, Equinox
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Apogee Perigee

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Earth's orbit around the Sun changes.

Changing Elliptical Orbit

202 5 January 2020 15:47 147,091,144 km 4 July 2020 152,095,295 km

202 2 January 2021 21:50 147,093,163 km 6 July 2021 152,100,527 km

202 4 January 2022 14:52 147,105,052 km 4 July 2022 152,098,455 km

202 5 January 2023 00:17 147,098,925 km 7 July 2023 152,093,251 km

202 3 January 2024 08:38 147,100,632 km 5 July 2024 152,099,968 km

* All aphelion/perihelion times are in local Manila time.

Earth's Perihelion and Aphelion

Is the Timing a Coincidence?

Perigee and Apogee

Did You Know...

The Science of Seasons

You might also like

What Causes Seasons?

2020 Cosmic Calendar

Astronomical Glossary - Terms & Definitions

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