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    Thermal Expansion

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    Senang Orang
    Thermal expansion refers to the fractional change in size of materials due to temperature changes. For most materials over small temperature ranges, the fractional changes in length, area, and volume are directly proportional to the temperature change and have the same sign (expand when heated, contract when cooled). A coefficient of thermal expansion quantifies the ratio of fractional size change to temperature change. For solids, the linear coefficient α is used, while the volumetric coefficient β is used for liquids.

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    Thermal Expansion

    Uploaded by

    Senang Orang
    63 views3 pages
    Thermal expansion refers to the fractional change in size of materials due to temperature changes. For most materials over small temperature ranges, the fractional changes in length, area, and volume are directly proportional to the temperature change and have the same sign (expand when heated, contract when cooled). A coefficient of thermal expansion quantifies the ratio of fractional size change to temperature change. For solids, the linear coefficient α is used, while the volumetric coefficient β is used for liquids.

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    Thermal expansion

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    Thermal expansion refers to the fractional change in size of materials due to temperature changes. For most materials over small temperature ranges, the fractional changes in length, area, and volume are directly proportional to the temperature change and have the same sign (expand when heated, contract when cooled). A coefficient of thermal expansion quantifies the ratio of fractional size change to temperature change. For solids, the linear coefficient α is used, while the volumetric coefficient β is used for liquids.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    63 views3 pages

    Thermal Expansion

    Uploaded by

    Senang Orang
    Thermal expansion refers to the fractional change in size of materials due to temperature changes. For most materials over small temperature ranges, the fractional changes in length, area, and volume are directly proportional to the temperature change and have the same sign (expand when heated, contract when cooled). A coefficient of thermal expansion quantifies the ratio of fractional size change to temperature change. For solids, the linear coefficient α is used, while the volumetric coefficient β is used for liquids.

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    of 3

     Thermal expansion refers to a fractional

    change in size of a material in response to a


    change in temperature.
     This includes…
    o changes in length compared to original
    length (Δℓ/ℓ ) called linear expansion
    0

    o changes in area compared to original area


    (ΔA/A ) called areal expansion or superficial
    0

    expansion
    o changes in volume compared to original
    volume (ΔV/V ) called volumetric
    0

    expansion or cubical expansion
     For most materials, over small temperature
    ranges, these fractional changes…
    o are directly proportional to temperature
    change (ΔT) and
    o have the same sign (i.e., materials usually
    expand when heated and contract when
    cooled)
    o are larger for liquids than solids
     A coefficient of thermal expansion…
    o is the ratio of the fractional change in size
    of a material to its change in temperature
    o is represented by the symbol α (alpha) for
    solids and β (beta) for liquids
    o uses the SI unit inverse kelvin (K  or 1/K) or
    −1

    the equivalent acceptable non SI unitinverse


    degree Celsius (℃  or 1/℃).
    −1

     Solids…
    o tend to retain their shape when not
    constrained and so are best described by a
    linear coefficient of thermal
    expansion, α (alpha).
    o have an areal expansion that is very nearly
    twice their linear expansion, 2α (since two
    perpendicular linear measurements describe
    an area)
    o have a volumetric expansion that is very
    nearly three times their linear
    expansion, 3α(since three perpendicular linear
    measurements describe a volume)
     Liquids…
    o tend to take on the shape of their container
    and so are best described by a volumetric
    coefficient of thermal expansion, β (beta).
     Gases…
    o have a thermal expansion that is best
    described using the ideal gas law
    described laterin this book.
    equation solids
    Δℓ  =  ℓ αΔT linear expansion
    0

    Δ A 2αΔ
     =  areal (or superficial) expansion
    A 0T
    Δ V 3αΔ
     =  volumetric (or cubical) expansion
    V 0T
    equation liquids
    Δ V
     =  βΔT volumetric (or cubical) expansion
    V 0

    equation gases
    P ideal gas law (We are not going to
     =  nRT
    V use this)
    Equations of thermal expansion

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