3.sigmund Freud's Phycosexual Development

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3.

SIGMUND FREUD'S PHYCHOSEXUAL


DEVELOPMENT

 According to the famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud,


children go through a series of psychosexual stages that lead
to the development of the adult personality. His theory
described how personality developed over the course of
childhood. While the theory is well-known in psychology, it
has always been quite controversial, both during Freud's time
and in modern psychology.

 One important thing to note is that contemporary


psychoanalytic theories of personality development have
incorporated and emphasized ideas about internalized
relationships and interactions and the complex ways in which
we maintain our sense of self into the models that began with
Freud.

An Overview of the Psychosexual Stages:

 Freud believed that personality developed through a series of


childhood stages in which the pleasure-seeking energies of the
id become focused on certain erogenous areas. An erogenous
zone is characterized as an area of the body that is particularly
sensitive to stimulation. During the five psychosexual stages,
which are the oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital stages, the
erogenous zone associated with each stage serves as a source
of pleasure.

 Psychoanalytic theory suggested that personality is mostly


established by the age of five. Early experiences play a large
role in personality development and continue to influence
behaviour later in life.
 Each stage of development is marked by conflicts that can
help build growth or stifle development, depending upon how
they are resolved. If these psychosexual stages are completed
successfully, a healthy personality is the result.
 If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage,
fixations can occur. A fixation is a persistent focus on an
earlier psychosexual stage. Until this conflict is resolved, the
individual will remain "stuck" in this stage.
 A person who is fixated at the oral stage, for example, may be

over-dependent on others and may seek oral stimulation


through smoking, drinking, or eating.

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