5 Wajes 02738

World Academics Journal of ______________________________________________ Research Paper .
Engineering Sciences
Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.30-52, December (2019) E-ISSN: 2348-635X
Statical Analysis of Rainfall for Modelling of IDF curves for Upper

Cauvery Karnataka by Gumbel’s Distribution
Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez1*, M. Inayathulla2
1,2
Department of Civil Engineering, UVCE, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Available online at: www.isroset.org
Received 30/Oct/2019, Accepted 21/Nov/2019, Online 31/Dec/2019

Abstract- Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent the relationship between storm intensity, storm duration and
return period. The IDF curves available are mostly done by fitting series of annual maximum rainfall intensity to parametric
distributions. Climate change is expected to exacerbate the extremes in the climate variables. Being prone to harsh climate
impacts, it is very crucial to study extreme rainfall-induced ﬂooding for short durations over regions that are rapidly growing.
One way to study the extremes is by the application of the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. The annual maximum
rainfall intensity (AMRI) characteristics are often used to construct these IDF curves that are being used in several
infrastructure designs for urban areas. Thus, there is a need to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall information.
Many urban areas of developing countries lack long records of short-duration rainfall. The shortest duration obtained is
normally at a daily scale/24 h. Thus, it is very crucial to ﬁnd a methodology to construct IDF curves for short-duration rainfall
(sub-daily) for these urban areas. The fast extension of urban area that does not have adequate preparedness to cope with
climate change is certainly a big risk to life and economy. The study region is Upper Cauvery which lies in Karnataka India.
The sub-daily IDF curves for current and future climate for Upper Cauvery were constructed from 1 to 24 h based on the
Gumbel’s Distribution approach. Rainfall data of 23 (Twenty three) hydrological years of all stations were used. Maximum
rainfall frequency analysis was made by Gumbel’s Distribution method. Finally Equations were developed for different return
periods.
Key words: Climate change, Gumbel Distribution, Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF), Log Normal Distribution, Normal
Distribution, Pearson Type III Distribution, Log Pearson Type III Distribution Rainfall Duration.
I. INTRODUCTION
Rainfall intensities of different frequencies and durations are the fundamental inputs in hydrologic risk analyses and design.
These data are normally used when designing urban infrastructures such as culverts and storm water drainage systems. Finding
suitable distributions, regardless of parametric or nonparametric distributions, to fit rainfall data has long been a subject of
interest in various fields of study including hydrology, meteorology, economy and agriculture. Several studies have been
conducted to find the best-fit distribution for rainfall data using various parameter estimation methods such as maximum
likelihood estimation (MLE) and L-moments. However, determining the best-fit distribution is usually tedious, complex and
subjective. This is due to the different rankings provided by different goodness-of-fit indices being used in the study.
Therefore, there is a need to know the extent of increasing extreme rainfall for combating climate change impacts and for
strategic planning.
Degradation of water quality, property damage and potential loss of life due to flooding is caused by extreme rainfall events.
Historic rainfall event statistics (in terms of intensity, duration, and return period) are used to design flood protection
structures, and many other civil engineering structures involving hydrologic flows. Since rainfall characteristics are often used
to design water structures, reviewing and updating rainfall characteristics (i.e., Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves) for
future climate scenarios is necessary.
The relation between rainfall and runoff is influenced by various storm and basin characteristics. Because of these complexities
and the frequent paucity of adequate runoff data, many approximate formulae have been developed to relate rainfall and runoff.
The earliest of these formulae were usually empirical statements.
© 2019, WAJES All Rights Reserved 30

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences Vol. 6(2), Dec 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A Study Area
The study area geographically lies between 75 0 29’ 19” E and 760 37’ 40” E longitude and 110 55’ 54” N and 130 23’
12.8” N latitude, as shown in Figure 1, the study area has an area of 10874.65 Sq km. The maximum length and width of the
study area is approximately equal to 143.73 km and 96.75 km respectively. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin
is 1867 m and 714 m above MSL, respectively. Fourthy three raingauge stations namely arehalli, arkalgud, basavapatna,
bettadapura, bilur, channenahally, chikkamagalur, doddabemmatti, galibidu, gonibeedu, gorur, hagare,halllibailu, hallimysore,
harangi, hassan, hosakere, hunsur, kechamanna hosakote, kushalnagar, malalur, mallipatna, nuggehalli, periyapatna,
ponnampet, sakaleshpur, salagame, shantigrama, naladi, shantebachahalli, belur, belagodu, javali, talakavery,
shravanabelagola, siddapura, srimangala, sukravarsanthe, krishnarajpet, virajpet and yelawala were considered as shown in
Figure 2.
Figure 1 Location Map of Study Area Figure 2 Location of raingauge stations
B Methodology
Equation 1 was used for the estimation of various duration like 5minutes, 10minutes, 15minutes, 30minutes,1-hr, 2-hr, 6-hr,
12-hr rainfall values from annual maximum values.
( ) (1)
where, Pt is the required rainfall depth in mm at t-hr duration,
P24 is the daily rainfall in mm and t is the duration of rainfall for which the rainfall depth is required in hr.
Twenty three years (1995-2017) rainfall data was used for the estimation of Short duration rainfall by using above equation for
various stations as tabulated in Table 1 to Table 3. Table 1 shows the tabulation of short duration rainfall of station Arehalli.
Table 2 shows the tabulation of short duration rainfall of station Gorur. Table 3 shows the tabulation of short duration rainfall
of station Chikkamangalore. Similarly the short duration rainfall was tabulated for the remaining fourty stations.
Gumble’s Distribution was applied for the above estimated short duration rainfall to obtain the maximum depth and maximum
intensity for various durations of all the stations and a graph of maximum intensity against the duration was plotted for
different return periods. Using this values IDF equation for various durations and return period was generated for all the
stations and is tabulated in the table 21.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A Estimation of Short Duration Rainfall
Table 1 Short duration rainfall for Arehalli
Year Rainfall
(mm) ( ) in mm where, time t is in hours
Duration in 5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440
Minutes
1995
59.00 8.934 11.256 12.885 16.234 20.454 25.771 46.828 59.000
1996
108.00 16.354 20.605 23.587 29.717 37.442 47.173 85.720 108.000
1997
98.60 14.931 18.811 21.534 27.131 34.183 43.068 78.259 98.600
1998
60.20 9.116 11.485 13.147 16.565 20.870 26.295 47.781 60.200
1999
83.00 12.568 15.835 18.127 22.838 28.774 36.254 65.877 83.000
2000
102.60 15.536 19.575 22.407 28.231 35.569 44.815 81.434 102.600
2001
112.40 17.020 21.444 24.548 30.928 38.967 49.095 89.212 112.400
2002
97.60 14.779 18.621 21.315 26.856 33.836 42.631 77.465 97.600
2003
56.80 8.601 10.837 12.405 15.629 19.691 24.810 45.082 56.800
2004
156.00 23.623 29.763 34.070 42.925 54.082 68.139 123.817 156.000
2005
165.60 25.076 31.594 36.166 45.567 57.410 72.332 131.437 165.600
2006
94.80 14.355 18.086 20.704 26.085 32.865 41.408 75.243 94.800
2007
175.60 26.590 33.502 38.350 48.318 60.877 76.700 139.374 175.600
2008
122.80 18.595 23.429 26.819 33.790 42.572 53.638 97.466 122.800
2009
107.60 16.293 20.529 23.499 29.607 37.303 46.999 85.402 107.600
2010
68.80 10.418 13.126 15.026 18.931 23.852 30.051 54.607 68.800
2011
94.20 14.264 17.972 20.573 25.920 32.657 41.146 74.767 94.200
2012
78.40 11.872 14.958 17.122 21.573 27.180 34.244 62.226 78.400
2013
116.60 17.656 22.246 25.465 32.084 40.423 50.930 92.545 116.600
2014
72.40 10.963 13.813 15.812 19.922 25.100 31.624 57.464 72.400
2015
134.60 20.382 25.680 29.396 37.037 46.663 58.792 106.832 134.600
2016 75.00 11.357 14.309 16.380 20.637 26.001 32.759 59.528 75.000
2017 56.20 8.510 10.722 12.274 15.464 19.483 24.548 44.606 56.200

Table 2 Short duration rainfall for Gorur
Year Rainfall
Duration in 5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440
Minutes
1995
60.00 9.086 11.447 13.104 16.510 20.801 26.207 47.622 60.000
1996
65.00 9.843 12.401 14.196 17.885 22.534 28.391 51.591 65.000
1997
80.00 12.114 15.263 17.472 22.013 27.734 34.943 63.496 80.000
1998
33.00 4.997 6.296 7.207 9.080 11.440 14.414 26.192 33.000
1999
66.20 10.024 12.630 14.458 18.216 22.950 28.916 52.543 66.200
2000
68.30 10.342 13.031 14.916 18.793 23.678 29.833 54.210 68.300
2001
44.00 6.663 8.395 9.609 12.107 15.254 19.219 34.923 44.000
2002
82.00 12.417 15.644 17.908 22.563 28.428 35.817 65.083 82.000
2003
62.00 9.388 11.829 13.540 17.060 21.494 27.081 49.209 62.000
2004
43.00 6.511 8.204 9.391 11.832 14.907 18.782 34.129 43.000
2005
95.00 14.386 18.125 20.748 26.140 32.935 41.495 75.402 95.000
2006
50.30 7.617 9.597 10.985 13.841 17.438 21.971 39.923 50.300
2007
95.50 14.461 18.220 20.857 26.278 33.108 41.713 75.798 95.500
2008
62.00 9.388 11.829 13.540 17.060 21.494 27.081 49.209 62.000
2009
80.00 12.114 15.263 17.472 22.013 27.734 34.943 63.496 80.000
2010
82.50 12.493 15.740 18.018 22.701 28.601 36.035 65.480 82.500
2011
56.00 8.480 10.684 12.230 15.409 19.414 24.460 44.447 56.000
2012
48.00 7.268 9.158 10.483 13.208 16.641 20.966 38.098 48.000
2013
91.10 13.795 17.381 19.896 25.067 31.583 39.792 72.306 91.100
2014
51.00 7.723 9.730 11.138 14.033 17.681 22.276 40.479 51.000
2015
67.00 10.146 12.783 14.632 18.436 23.228 29.265 53.178 67.000
2016 59.00 8.934 11.256 12.885 16.234 20.454 25.771 46.828 59.000
2017 97.00 14.688 18.506 21.184 26.691 33.628 42.369 76.989 97.000
Table 3 Short duration rainfall for Chikkamangalore
Year Rainfall
Duration in 5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440
Minutes
1995
57.60 8.722 10.989 12.580 15.849 19.969 25.159 45.717 57.600
1996
66.00 9.994 12.592 14.414 18.161 22.881 28.828 52.384 66.000

1997
64.60 9.782 12.325 14.108 17.775 22.396 28.217 51.273 64.600
1998
87.80 13.295 16.751 19.175 24.159 30.439 38.350 69.687 87.800
1999
88.20 13.356 16.827 19.262 24.269 30.577 38.525 70.004 88.200
2000
98.60 14.931 18.811 21.534 27.131 34.183 43.068 78.259 98.600
2001
49.80 7.541 9.501 10.876 13.703 17.265 21.752 39.526 49.800
2002
63.60 9.631 12.134 13.890 17.500 22.049 27.780 50.479 63.600
2003
82.40 12.478 15.721 17.996 22.673 28.566 35.992 65.401 82.400
2004
71.10 10.766 13.565 15.528 19.564 24.649 31.056 56.432 71.100
2005
65.20 9.873 12.439 14.239 17.940 22.604 28.479 51.749 65.200
2006
45.30 6.860 8.643 9.893 12.465 15.705 19.787 35.955 45.300
2007
65.40 9.903 12.477 14.283 17.996 22.673 28.566 51.908 65.400
2008
64.00 9.691 12.210 13.977 17.610 22.188 27.955 50.797 64.000
2009
88.00 13.326 16.789 19.219 24.214 30.508 38.438 69.846 88.000
2010
88.00 13.326 16.789 19.219 24.214 30.508 38.438 69.846 88.000
2011
48.00 7.268 9.158 10.483 13.208 16.641 20.966 38.098 48.000
2012
47.80 7.238 9.120 10.439 13.153 16.571 20.879 37.939 47.800
2013
64.00 9.691 12.210 13.977 17.610 22.188 27.955 50.797 64.000
2014
67.20 10.176 12.821 14.676 18.491 23.297 29.352 53.337 67.200
2015
65.00 9.843 12.401 14.196 17.885 22.534 28.391 51.591 65.000
2016 65.10 9.858 12.420 14.218 17.913 22.569 28.435 51.670 65.100
2017 42.20 6.390 8.051 9.216 11.612 14.630 18.433 33.494 42.200
B Gumble’s Distribution
Gumbel distribution is a statistical method often used for predicting extreme hydrological event such as floods. The equation
for fitting the Gumbel distribution to observed series of flood flow at different return periods T is
( 2)
Where xT denotes the magnitude of the T-year flood event, K is the frequency factor, = mean and = standard deviation of the
variate X.
The frequency factor K for Gumbel distribution is expressed as
√ ( ))
[ ] ( 3)

Table 4 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Arehalli Station
Duration in Return period 2 yrs Return period 5 yrs Return period 10 yrs Return period 25 yrs Return period 50 yrs Return period 75 yrs Return period 100 yrs
minutes Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall
Depth(mm) Intensity Depth(mm) Intensity Depth(mm) Intensity Depth(mm) Intensity Depth(mm) Intensity Depth(mm) Intensity Depth(mm) Intensity
(mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr)
5 14.272 171.259 18.865 226.375 21.872 262.464 25.697 308.368 28.535 342.423 30.185 362.217 31.352 376.226
10 17.981 107.886 23.768 142.607 27.557 165.342 32.377 194.260 35.952 215.713 38.030 228.183 39.501 237.008
15 20.583 82.333 27.207 108.830 31.545 126.180 37.062 148.248 41.155 164.620 43.534 174.136 45.218 180.871
30 25.933 51.866 34.279 68.558 39.744 79.488 46.695 93.391 51.852 103.704 54.849 109.699 56.971 113.942
60 32.674 32.674 43.189 43.189 50.074 50.074 58.832 58.832 65.330 65.330 69.106 69.106 71.779 71.779
120 41.166 20.583 54.415 27.207 63.090 31.545 74.124 37.062 82.310 41.155 87.068 43.534 90.435 45.218
720 74.804 6.234 98.878 8.240 114.642 9.553 134.692 11.224 149.567 12.464 158.213 13.184 164.332 13.694
1440 94.247 3.927 124.579 5.191 144.440 6.018 169.702 7.071 188.443 7.852 199.336 8.306 207.046 8.627
Table 5 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Arkalgud Station
5 9.482 113.781 12.347 148.160 14.223 170.671 16.609 199.305 18.379 220.548 19.408 232.894 20.136 241.633
10 11.946 71.677 15.556 93.335 17.919 107.516 20.926 125.555 23.156 138.937 24.452 146.715 25.370 152.220
15 13.675 54.700 17.807 71.228 20.513 82.050 23.954 95.816 26.507 106.028 27.991 111.964 29.041 116.165
30 17.229 34.459 22.435 44.871 25.844 51.689 30.180 60.360 33.397 66.794 35.266 70.533 36.590 73.179
60 21.708 21.708 28.267 28.267 32.562 32.562 38.025 38.025 42.077 42.077 44.433 44.433 46.100 46.100
120 27.350 13.675 35.614 17.807 41.025 20.513 47.908 23.954 53.014 26.507 55.982 27.991 58.083 29.041
720 49.698 4.142 64.715 5.393 74.548 6.212 87.055 7.255 96.333 8.028 101.726 8.477 105.543 8.795
1440 62.616 2.609 81.536 3.397 93.924 3.914 109.682 4.570 121.372 5.057 128.167 5.340 132.976 5.541
Table 6 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Basavapatna Station
5 9.048 108.575 11.607 139.283 13.283 159.390 15.414 184.966 16.995 203.940 17.914 214.968 18.564 222.773
10 11.400 68.398 14.624 87.743 16.735 100.410 19.420 116.522 21.412 128.474 22.570 135.422 23.390 140.339
15 13.049 52.198 16.740 66.961 19.157 76.627 22.231 88.923 24.511 98.044 25.836 103.346 26.775 107.098
30 16.441 32.882 21.091 42.182 24.136 48.272 28.009 56.018 30.882 61.764 32.552 65.104 33.734 67.468
60 20.715 20.715 26.573 26.573 30.409 30.409 35.289 35.289 38.909 38.909 41.013 41.013 42.502 42.502
120 26.099 13.049 33.480 16.740 38.314 19.157 44.461 22.231 49.022 24.511 51.673 25.836 53.549 26.775
720 47.425 3.952 60.838 5.070 69.620 5.802 80.792 6.733 89.079 7.423 93.896 7.825 97.305 8.109
1440 59.751 2.490 76.651 3.194 87.716 3.655 101.791 4.241 112.233 4.676 118.302 4.929 122.597 5.108

Table 7 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Belagodu Station
5 11.614 139.366 15.842 190.102 18.610 223.323 22.132 265.579 24.744 296.927 26.262 315.148 27.337 328.044
10 14.633 87.795 19.959 119.757 23.447 140.685 27.884 167.305 31.175 187.053 33.089 198.531 34.443 206.655
15 16.750 67.000 22.848 91.392 26.841 107.363 31.919 127.677 35.687 142.748 37.877 151.508 39.427 157.707
30 21.104 42.208 28.787 57.573 33.817 67.634 40.216 80.432 44.963 89.926 47.722 95.444 49.675 99.349
60 26.589 26.589 36.269 36.269 42.607 42.607 50.669 50.669 56.650 56.650 60.126 60.126 62.586 62.586
120 33.500 16.750 45.696 22.848 53.681 26.841 63.839 31.919 71.374 35.687 75.754 37.877 78.854 39.427
720 60.874 5.073 83.035 6.920 97.545 8.129 116.003 9.667 129.695 10.808 137.654 11.471 143.287 11.941
1440 76.696 3.196 104.617 4.359 122.899 5.121 146.154 6.090 163.406 6.809 173.433 7.226 180.530 7.522
Table 8 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Belur Station
5 10.472 125.665 14.030 168.365 16.360 196.323 19.324 231.886 21.522 258.269 22.800 273.604 23.705 284.457
10 13.194 79.164 17.677 106.063 20.613 123.676 24.347 146.080 27.117 162.700 28.727 172.360 29.866 179.197
15 15.103 60.414 20.235 80.941 23.596 94.383 27.870 111.480 31.041 124.163 32.884 131.535 34.188 136.753
30 19.029 38.058 25.495 50.990 29.729 59.457 35.114 70.228 39.109 78.218 41.431 82.862 43.074 86.149
60 23.975 23.975 32.122 32.122 37.456 37.456 44.241 44.241 49.274 49.274 52.200 52.200 54.270 54.270
120 30.207 15.103 40.471 20.235 47.191 23.596 55.740 27.870 62.082 31.041 65.768 32.884 68.376 34.188
720 54.890 4.574 73.540 6.128 85.752 7.146 101.286 8.440 112.810 9.401 119.508 9.959 124.248 10.354
1440 69.156 2.882 92.655 3.861 108.041 4.502 127.612 5.317 142.131 5.922 150.570 6.274 156.543 6.523
Table 9 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Bettadapura Station
5 8.880 106.565 11.350 136.200 12.967 155.605 15.024 180.288 16.550 198.599 17.437 209.242 18.065 216.775
10 11.189 67.132 14.300 85.801 16.338 98.025 18.929 113.574 20.852 125.110 21.969 131.814 22.760 136.560
15 12.808 51.231 16.370 65.478 18.702 74.807 21.668 86.673 23.869 95.476 25.148 100.593 26.054 104.215
30 16.137 32.274 20.624 41.249 23.563 47.126 27.300 54.601 30.073 60.146 31.685 63.370 32.826 65.651
60 20.331 20.331 25.985 25.985 29.687 29.687 34.396 34.396 37.890 37.890 39.920 39.920 41.358 41.358
120 25.616 12.808 32.739 16.370 37.404 18.702 43.337 21.668 47.738 23.869 50.297 25.148 52.107 26.054
720 46.546 3.879 59.491 4.958 67.967 5.664 78.748 6.562 86.746 7.229 91.395 7.616 94.685 7.890
1440 58.645 2.444 74.954 3.123 85.633 3.568 99.216 4.134 109.293 4.554 115.150 4.798 119.296 4.971

Table 10 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Bilur Station
5 23.095 277.141 32.178 386.136 38.125 457.504 45.690 548.283 51.302 615.629 54.564 654.772 56.873 682.477
10 29.098 174.588 40.542 243.251 48.035 288.210 57.566 345.398 64.637 387.823 68.747 412.482 71.656 429.934
15 33.309 133.235 46.409 185.635 54.986 219.945 65.897 263.588 73.991 295.964 78.696 314.782 82.025 328.101
30 41.967 83.933 58.471 116.943 69.278 138.557 83.025 166.050 93.223 186.446 99.150 198.300 103.345 206.691
60 52.875 52.875 73.669 73.669 87.285 87.285 104.605 104.605 117.453 117.453 124.921 124.921 130.207 130.207
120 66.618 33.309 92.817 46.409 109.973 54.986 131.794 65.897 147.982 73.991 157.391 78.696 164.050 82.025
720 121.052 10.088 168.661 14.055 199.834 16.653 239.485 19.957 268.901 22.408 285.999 23.833 298.100 24.842
1440 152.517 6.355 212.499 8.854 251.775 10.491 301.732 12.572 338.794 14.116 360.336 15.014 375.582 15.649
Table 11 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Channenahally Station
5 9.640 115.684 12.875 154.506 14.994 179.926 17.688 212.260 19.687 236.247 20.849 250.189 21.671 260.056
10 12.146 72.877 16.222 97.333 18.891 113.346 22.286 133.715 24.804 148.826 26.268 157.609 27.304 163.826
15 13.904 55.615 18.570 74.279 21.625 86.499 25.511 102.044 28.394 113.576 30.070 120.278 31.256 125.022
30 17.518 35.035 23.396 46.793 27.246 54.491 32.142 64.284 35.774 71.548 37.885 75.771 39.380 78.759
60 22.071 22.071 29.478 29.478 34.327 34.327 40.496 40.496 45.073 45.073 47.732 47.732 49.615 49.615
120 27.808 13.904 37.139 18.570 43.250 21.625 51.022 25.511 56.788 28.394 60.139 30.070 62.511 31.256
720 50.530 4.211 67.487 5.624 78.590 6.549 92.713 7.726 103.190 8.599 109.280 9.107 113.590 9.466
1440 63.663 2.653 85.028 3.543 99.017 4.126 116.811 4.867 130.012 5.417 137.684 5.737 143.115 5.963
Table 12 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Chikkamangalore Station
5 9.786 117.435 11.867 142.400 13.229 158.747 14.962 179.541 16.247 194.966 16.994 203.932 17.523 210.278
10 12.330 73.979 14.951 89.707 16.667 100.005 18.851 113.104 20.470 122.821 21.412 128.470 22.078 132.467
15 14.114 56.457 17.115 68.459 19.079 76.318 21.579 86.314 23.433 93.730 24.510 98.041 25.273 101.091
30 17.783 35.566 21.563 43.126 24.039 48.077 27.187 54.375 29.523 59.046 30.881 61.762 31.842 63.684
60 22.405 22.405 27.168 27.168 30.287 30.287 34.254 34.254 37.197 37.197 38.907 38.907 40.118 40.118
120 28.228 14.114 34.230 17.115 38.159 19.079 43.157 21.579 46.865 23.433 49.020 24.510 50.546 25.273
720 51.294 4.275 62.199 5.183 69.339 5.778 78.422 6.535 85.159 7.097 89.076 7.423 91.848 7.654
1440 64.627 2.693 78.366 3.265 87.362 3.640 98.805 4.117 107.294 4.471 112.228 4.676 115.721 4.822

Table 13 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Galibeedu Station
5 24.700 296.399 30.097 361.161 33.631 403.567 38.126 457.507 41.460 497.522 43.398 520.780 44.770 537.242
10 31.120 186.720 37.920 227.518 42.372 254.232 48.035 288.212 52.237 313.420 54.679 328.072 56.407 338.442
15 35.623 142.494 43.407 173.629 48.504 194.015 54.987 219.947 59.796 239.184 62.591 250.365 64.570 258.279
30 44.883 89.765 54.690 109.379 61.111 122.222 69.279 138.558 75.338 150.676 78.860 157.720 81.353 162.706
60 56.549 56.549 68.905 68.905 76.995 76.995 87.286 87.286 94.920 94.920 99.358 99.358 102.498 102.498
120 71.247 35.623 86.814 43.407 97.008 48.504 109.973 54.987 119.592 59.796 125.183 62.591 129.140 64.570
720 129.464 10.789 157.752 13.146 176.274 14.690 199.835 16.653 217.313 18.109 227.472 18.956 234.662 19.555
1440 163.115 6.796 198.755 8.281 222.092 9.254 251.776 10.491 273.797 11.408 286.597 11.942 295.656 12.319
Table 14 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Gonibeedu Station
5 16.364 196.364 21.961 263.533 25.626 307.514 30.288 363.458 33.747 404.960 35.757 429.082 37.180 446.155
10 20.617 123.702 27.669 166.016 32.287 193.722 38.161 228.965 42.518 255.109 45.051 270.305 46.843 281.061
15 23.601 94.402 31.673 126.694 36.959 147.838 43.683 174.733 48.671 194.685 51.570 206.282 53.622 214.489
30 29.735 59.470 39.906 79.812 46.566 93.132 55.037 110.075 61.322 122.644 64.975 129.949 67.560 135.120
60 37.463 37.463 50.278 50.278 58.669 58.669 69.343 69.343 77.261 77.261 81.863 81.863 85.120 85.120
120 47.201 23.601 63.347 31.673 73.919 36.959 87.366 43.683 97.342 48.671 103.141 51.570 107.245 53.622
720 85.770 7.147 115.109 9.592 134.319 11.193 158.755 13.230 176.883 14.740 187.419 15.618 194.877 16.240
1440 108.063 4.503 145.028 6.043 169.232 7.051 200.019 8.334 222.858 9.286 236.133 9.839 245.529 10.230
Table 15 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Hagare Station
5 9.291 111.491 12.002 144.026 13.778 165.330 16.036 192.428 17.711 212.531 18.685 224.215 19.374 232.485
10 11.706 70.235 15.122 90.731 17.359 104.152 20.204 121.222 22.314 133.886 23.541 141.247 24.409 146.457
15 13.400 53.599 17.310 69.241 19.871 79.483 23.127 92.510 25.544 102.174 26.948 107.792 27.942 111.767
30 16.883 33.765 21.809 43.619 25.035 50.071 29.139 58.278 32.183 64.366 33.952 67.904 35.204 70.409
60 21.271 21.271 27.478 27.478 31.543 31.543 36.713 36.713 40.548 40.548 42.777 42.777 44.355 44.355
120 26.800 13.400 34.620 17.310 39.741 19.871 46.255 23.127 51.087 25.544 53.896 26.948 55.884 27.942
720 48.698 4.058 62.909 5.242 72.215 6.018 84.051 7.004 92.831 7.736 97.935 8.161 101.547 8.462
1440 61.356 2.556 79.261 3.303 90.985 3.791 105.897 4.412 116.960 4.873 123.391 5.141 127.942 5.331

Table 16 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Halimysore Station
5 9.498 113.975 11.379 136.546 12.610 151.325 14.177 170.124 15.339 184.070 16.015 192.176 16.493 197.913
10 11.967 71.800 14.336 86.019 15.888 95.329 17.862 107.172 19.326 115.957 20.177 121.064 20.780 124.678
15 13.698 54.794 16.411 65.645 18.187 72.750 20.447 81.787 22.123 88.492 23.097 92.389 23.787 95.147
30 17.259 34.518 20.677 41.353 22.915 45.829 25.761 51.523 27.873 55.746 29.101 58.201 29.969 59.939
60 21.745 21.745 26.051 26.051 28.871 28.871 32.457 32.457 35.118 35.118 36.665 36.665 37.759 37.759
120 27.397 13.698 32.822 16.411 36.375 18.187 40.894 20.447 44.246 22.123 46.194 23.097 47.573 23.787
720 49.783 4.149 59.642 4.970 66.097 5.508 74.309 6.192 80.400 6.700 83.941 6.995 86.447 7.204
1440 62.723 2.613 75.144 3.131 83.278 3.470 93.623 3.901 101.298 4.221 105.759 4.407 108.916 4.538
Table 17 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Hassan Station
5 10.618 127.420 13.457 161.482 15.315 183.785 17.680 212.155 19.433 233.201 20.453 245.433 21.174 254.091
10 13.378 80.270 16.955 101.728 19.296 115.778 22.275 133.649 24.485 146.908 25.769 154.614 26.678 160.068
15 15.314 61.257 19.408 77.633 22.089 88.355 25.498 101.994 28.028 112.111 29.498 117.992 30.539 122.155
30 19.295 38.590 24.453 48.906 27.830 55.660 32.126 64.252 35.313 70.626 37.165 74.330 38.476 76.953
60 24.310 24.310 30.809 30.809 35.064 35.064 40.476 40.476 44.491 44.491 46.825 46.825 48.477 48.477
120 30.629 15.314 38.816 19.408 44.177 22.089 50.997 25.498 56.056 28.028 58.996 29.498 61.077 30.539
720 55.656 4.638 70.534 5.878 80.276 6.690 92.667 7.722 101.860 8.488 107.203 8.934 110.985 9.249
1440 70.122 2.922 88.867 3.703 101.141 4.214 116.753 4.865 128.335 5.347 135.067 5.628 139.832 5.826
Table 18 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Hunsur Station
5 9.551 114.608 12.559 150.703 14.528 174.337 17.033 204.399 18.892 226.701 19.972 239.664 20.737 248.839
10 12.033 72.199 15.823 94.937 18.304 109.826 21.461 128.764 23.802 142.813 25.163 150.979 26.126 156.759
15 13.774 55.098 18.113 72.450 20.953 83.813 24.566 98.265 27.247 108.987 28.805 115.219 29.907 119.629
30 17.355 34.709 22.820 45.641 26.399 52.799 30.952 61.903 34.329 68.657 36.292 72.583 37.681 75.362
60 21.866 21.866 28.752 28.752 33.261 33.261 38.997 38.997 43.251 43.251 45.725 45.725 47.475 47.475
120 27.549 13.774 36.225 18.113 41.906 20.953 49.133 24.566 54.493 27.247 57.609 28.805 59.815 29.907
720 50.060 4.172 65.826 5.485 76.149 6.346 89.280 7.440 99.021 8.252 104.683 8.724 108.690 9.058
1440 63.071 2.628 82.935 3.456 95.941 3.998 112.485 4.687 124.759 5.198 131.892 5.496 136.941 5.706

Table 19 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Kushalnagar Station
5 9.010 108.116 11.074 132.885 12.425 149.103 14.144 169.733 15.420 185.037 16.161 193.933 16.686 200.229
10 11.351 68.109 13.952 83.712 15.655 93.929 17.821 106.925 19.428 116.567 20.362 122.170 21.023 126.136
15 12.994 51.977 15.971 63.884 17.920 71.682 20.400 81.599 22.239 88.957 23.308 93.233 24.065 96.260
30 16.372 32.743 20.122 40.245 22.578 45.157 25.702 51.404 28.020 56.039 29.367 58.733 30.320 60.640
60 20.627 20.627 25.353 25.353 28.447 28.447 32.383 32.383 35.303 35.303 37.000 37.000 38.201 38.201
120 25.988 12.994 31.942 15.971 35.841 17.920 40.800 20.400 44.478 22.239 46.617 23.308 48.130 24.065
720 47.224 3.935 58.043 4.837 65.127 5.427 74.138 6.178 80.823 6.735 84.708 7.059 87.458 7.288
1440 59.498 2.479 73.129 3.047 82.055 3.419 93.408 3.892 101.830 4.243 106.726 4.447 110.190 4.591
Table 20 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Naladi Station
5 39.628 475.533 52.128 625.538 60.313 723.760 70.725 848.696 78.448 941.381 82.938 995.253 86.115 1033.381
10 49.928 299.567 65.678 394.065 75.990 455.941 89.108 534.646 98.839 593.034 104.495 626.971 108.498 650.991
15 57.153 228.613 75.182 300.728 86.987 347.948 102.003 408.011 113.142 452.569 119.617 478.468 124.200 496.799
30 72.008 144.017 94.723 189.447 109.597 219.194 128.515 257.031 142.550 285.101 150.708 301.416 156.482 312.963
60 90.725 90.725 119.344 119.344 138.083 138.083 161.919 161.919 179.602 179.602 189.880 189.880 197.155 197.155
120 114.306 57.153 150.364 75.182 173.974 86.987 204.006 102.003 226.285 113.142 239.234 119.617 248.399 124.200
720 207.708 17.309 273.229 22.769 316.132 26.344 370.703 30.892 411.187 34.266 434.717 36.226 451.371 37.614
1440 261.696 10.904 344.247 14.344 398.301 16.596 467.056 19.461 518.063 21.586 547.709 22.821 568.692 23.696

Figure 3 IDF curves for Arehalli Station

Figure 4 IDF curves for Arkalgud Station

Figure 5 IDF curves for Basavapatna Station
Figure 6 IDF curves for Chikkamangalore Station

Figure 7 IDF curves for Hallimysore Station

Figure 8 IDF curves for Gonibeedu Station
Figure 9 IDF curves for Hassan Station

Figure 10 IDF curves for Krishnarajpet Station

Figure 11 IDF curves for Halibailu Station
Figure 12 IDF curves for Hagare Station

Figure 13 IDF curves for Naladi Station

Figure 14 IDF curves for Gorur Station
Figure 15 IDF curves for Javali Station

Figure 16 IDF curves for Poonampet Station

Figure 17 IDF curves for Sakaleshpura Station
Figure 18 IDF curves for Virajpet Station

Table 21: IDF equations for all the raingauge stations in the study
IDF Equation Y=aX-0.667 where Y is intensity of rainfall, X is the time interval and a is constant
Station Value of constant ‘a’ for different a return period

Name 2years 5years 10years 25years 50years 75years 100years
Arehalli 500.8 661.9 767.5 901.7 1001.3 1059.1 1100.1
Arkalgud 332.7 433.2 499.1 582.8 644.9 681.0 706.5
Basavapatna 317.5 407.3 466.1 540.8 596.3 628.5 651.4
Balagodu 407.5 555.9 653.0 776.5 868.2 921.5 959.2
Belur 367.5 492.3 574.1 678.0 755.2 800.0 831.8
Bettadapura 311.6 398.3 455.0 527.2 580.7 611.8 633.9
Bilur 810.4 1129.1 1337.8 1603.2 1800.1 1914.6 1995.6
Channenahally 338.3 451.8 526.1 620.7 690.8 731.6 760.4
Chikkamangalore 343.4 416.4 464.2 525.0 570.1 596.3 614.9
Doddabemmatti 260.0 317.0 354.4 401.9 437.1 457.6 472.1
Galibeedu 866.7 1056.0 1180.0 1337.8 1454.8 1522.8 1570.9
Gonibeedu 574.2 770.6 899.2 1062.8 1184.4 1254.6 1304.6
Gorur 339.3 425.5 481.8 553.6 606.8 637.7 659.6
Hagare 326.0 421.1 483.4 562.6 621.6 655.6 679.8
Halekote 315.2 435.4 514.1 614.1 688.4 731.5 762.0
Hallibailu 783.1 955.1 1067.7 1211.0 1317.3 1379.0 1422.8
Hallimysore 333.3 399.3 442.5 497.5 528.2 561.9 578.7
Harangi 339.4 499.8 522.1 614.0 682.2 721.9 750.0
Hassan 372.6 472.2 537.4 620.3 681.9 717.7 743.0
Hosakere 1153.5 1411.1 1580.0 1794.6 1953.7 2046.2 2111.7
Hunsur 335.1 440.7 509.8 597.7 662.9 700.8 727.6
Javali 771.6 942.8 1054.9 1197.6 1303.4 1364.9 1408.4
Kenchammana
hoskote 477.3 604.5 687.8 793.7 872.3 918.0 950.3
Krishnarajpet 358.8 437.3 488.6 554.0 602.4 630.6 650.5
Kushalnagar 316.1 388.6 436.0 496.3 541.1 567.1 585.5
Malalur 257.5 313.7 350.5 397.4 432.1 452.3 466.6
Mallipatna 358.8 425.2 469.0 524.6 565.8 589.8 606.8
Melkote 421.5 551.1 636.0 743.9 824.0 870.5 903.5
Naladi 1390.5 1829.1 2116.3 2481.0 2752.0 2910.0 3021.6
Nuggehalli 376.7 523.6 619.8 742.2 832.9 885.7 923.0
Periyapatna 327.3 405.0 456.0 520.7 568.7 596.7 616.4
Poonampet 694.6 1026.5 1243.9 1520.4 1725.5 1844.7 1929.0
Sakleshpura 597.7 777.6 895.4 1045.3 1156.5 1221.1 1266.9
Salagame 312.0 442.6 515.1 607.3 675.6 715.4 743.5
Shantebachahalli 385.1 592.0 727.5 899.7 1027.6 1101.9 1154.5
Shantigrama 299.6 393.2 454.4 532.4 590.2 623.8 647.6
Shravanabelagola 388.5 543.8 645.9 774.8 870.8 926.6 966.0
Siddapura 478.6 618.9 710.8 827.7 914.5 964.9 1000.6
Srimangala 777.7 1028.8 1193.2 1402.3 1557.5 1647.7 1711.5
Sukravarashante 729.7 887.7 991.2 1122.8 1220.5 1277.3 1317.4
Talakavery 1318.4 1683.2 1922.1 2226.0 2451.4 2582.4 2675.2
Virajpet 701.5 939.5 1095.3 1293.5 1440.6 1526.1 1586.6
Yelawala 355.6 447.5 507.7 584.2 641.0 674.0 697.4
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The present work shows a methodology for the evaluation of the IDF curves from daily rainfall data. In particular, to obtain
durations shorter than 24 hours, Gumbel’s distribution model of disaggregation was applied to the historical data available for
forty three raingauge stations present in the study area. Table 21 shows the equations that can be applied to different raingauge
station for different return period . There is always a shortage of short-duration rainfall data as it requires automatic rain gauges
to record such data. On the contrary, daily rainfall values are generally available due to the use of cheap manual instruments.
These IDF equations will help to estimate the rainfall intensity for any specific return period in a short time and more easily.

The results computed can be utilized for developing surface drain network for recharging ground water. These equations are
also useful for the estimation of runoff. The floods with higher return period were considered to be severe when compared to
that of lower return period.
REFERENCE
[1] Bell F. C., 1969, “Generalized rainfall-duration-frequency relationship”, ASCE J. Hydraulic Eng., 95, 311–327.
[2] Bernard, M. M., (1932), “Formulas for rainfall intensities of long durations”. Trans. ASCE 6:592 - 624.
[3] Bhaskar, N. R.; Parida, B. P.; Nayak, A. K. 1997. Flood Estimation for Ungauged Catchments Using the GIUH. Journal of Water Resources
Planning and Management., ASCE 123(4): 228-238.
[4] Chow V.T., D.R. Maidment and L.W.Mays, 1988, “Applied Hydrology”, McGraw- Hill, Chapter 10 – Probability, Risk and Uncertainty Analysis
for Hydrologic and Hydraulic Design: 361 – 398.
[5] M. M. Rashid, 1 S. B. Faruque and 2 J. B. Alam 2012, “Modeling of Short Duration Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency (SDRIDF) Equation for
Sylhet City in Bangladesh.
[6] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Generation Of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves For Different Return Period Using Short
Duration Rainfall For Manvi Taluk Raichur District Karnataka”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Management Studies
(IRJEMS), Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | April -2019.
[7] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Prioritization Of Subwatersheds of Cauvery Region Based on Morphometric Analysis Using GIS”,
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM), Volume: 05 Issue: 01, April -2019.
[8] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Modelling of Short Duration Isopluvial Map For Raichur District Karnataka”, International Journal
for Science and Advance Research in Technology (IJSART), Volume: 05 Issue: 4, April -2019.
[9] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, and M .Inayathulla. "Morphometry, Hypsometry Analysis and Runoff Estimation of Aam Talab Watershed
Raichur, Karnataka" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 5 Issue 3 2019 Page 1713-1727
[10] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, and M Inayathulla. "Generation of Short Duration Isohyetal Maps For Raichur District Karnataka" International
Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 5 Issue 2 2019 Page 3234-3242
[11] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, and M Inayathulla. " Derivation Of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves Using Short Duration Rainfall For
Yermarus Raingauge Station Raichur District Karnataka" International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology Volume 6 Issue 2 July 2019
Page 1-7
[12] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, Chalapathi K and M Inayathulla. " Geomorphological Analysis of Two Mini-Watersheds in Raichur City
Karnataka" International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume 6 Issue 6 June 2019 Page 2896-2901
[13] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Geomorphological Analysis of Landforms of Upper Cauvery Karnataka India", International
Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.10, pp.33-38, 2019.
[14] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, Chalapathi k, Amritha Thankachan, M Inayathulla, " Modelling of Intensity-Duration Frequency curves for Upper
Cauvery Karnataka through Normal Distribution", IJITEE, Vol.9, Issue.1, pp.4480-4502, 2019.
[15] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Multivariate Geomorphometric Approach to Prioritize Erosion Prone Watershed of Upper Cauvery
Karnataka", World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.7-17, 2019.
[16] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Assesment of the Intensity Duration Frequency Curves for Storms in Upper Cauvery Karnataka
Based on Pearson Type III Extreme Value", World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.26-46, 2019.
[17] Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, Chalapathi k, Amritha Thankachan, M Inayathulla, " Isopluvial Maps of Daily Maximum Precipitation for
Different Frequency for Upper Cauvery Karnataka", Praxis Science and Technology Journal, Vol.8, Issue.10, pp.20-38, 2019.
[18] Sherman, C. W. (1931). Frequency and intensity of excessive rainfall at Boston, Massachusetts, Transactions of the American Society of Civil
Engineers, 95, pp.951– 960.
AUTHORS PROFILE
Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez* Is a life member of Indian Water Resources Society, ASCE Born in
Karnataka, India Obtained his BE in Civil Engineering in the year 2009-2013 from UVCE, Bangalore and M.E
with specialization in Water Resources Engineering during 2013-2015 from UVCE, Bangalore University and
Pursuing Ph.D from Bangalore University. And has 3 years of teaching experience. Till date, has presented and
published several technical papers in many National and International seminars and conferences
M Inayathulla Is a life member of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (EWRI), ASCE,
WWI, ASTEE, ASFPM. Born in Karnataka, Obtained his BE in Civil Engineering in the year 1987-1991 from
UBDT, Davanagere and M.E with specialization on Water Resources Engineering during 1992-1994 from
UVCE, Bangalore University and got Doctorate from Bangalore University in the year 1990-1995. Presently
working as Professor at UVCE, Bangalore University, India. And has more than 25 years of teaching
experience. Till date, has presented and published several technical papers in many National and International
seminars and conferences

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World Academics Journal of ______________________________________________ Research Paper .

Statical Analysis of Rainfall for Modelling of IDF curves for Upper

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Available online at: www.isroset.org

Received 30/Oct/2019, Accepted 21/Nov/2019, Online 31/Dec/2019

© 2019, WAJES All Rights Reserved 30

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Figure 1 Location Map of Study Area Figure 2 Location of raingauge stations

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III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A Estimation of Short Duration Rainfall

Table 1 Short duration rainfall for Arehalli

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Table 2 Short duration rainfall for Gorur

Table 3 Short duration rainfall for Chikkamangalore

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The frequency factor K for Gumbel distribution is expressed as

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Figure 3 IDF curves for Arehalli Station

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Figure 4 IDF curves for Arkalgud Station

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Figure 5 IDF curves for Basavapatna Station

Figure 6 IDF curves for Chikkamangalore Station

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Figure 7 IDF curves for Hallimysore Station

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Figure 8 IDF curves for Gonibeedu Station

Figure 9 IDF curves for Hassan Station

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Figure 10 IDF curves for Krishnarajpet Station

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Figure 11 IDF curves for Halibailu Station

Figure 12 IDF curves for Hagare Station

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Figure 13 IDF curves for Naladi Station

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Figure 14 IDF curves for Gorur Station

Figure 15 IDF curves for Javali Station

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Figure 16 IDF curves for Poonampet Station

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Figure 17 IDF curves for Sakaleshpura Station

Figure 18 IDF curves for Virajpet Station

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Station Value of constant ‘a’ for different a return period

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