GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS

Hob & Milling cutters for the

gear manufacturing industry
GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS
STAR SU IS A WORLD LEADER IN THE CUTTING TOOL INDUSTRY

STAR SU has led the way in developing High To complement our manufactured products, we
Performance Hobbing using Solid Carbide (SC) have partnered with PWS , Präzisionswerkzeuge
Hobs and High Speed Steel Hobs with Advanced - Schmölln, to offer a complete line of gear
Coatings in wet and dry cutting applications. cutting tools including shaper cutters, shaving
STAR SU pioneered a process for manufacturing cutters, and coarse pitch hobs.
precision milling cutters without form grinding In our effort to stay abreast of today’s fast moving
after heat treat. This gives our customers the gear market, Star SU is an active member of
benefits of ground quality tools without the loss the American Gear Manufacturers Association,
of usable life normally seen in ground cutters. holding two committee chairmanships including
the hob tolerance committee.

Star SU manufactures hobs

Module (DP) 0.5-17 mm (50.8 – 1.5)
Diameter 20-200 mm (.75-8.0)
Larger modules available on request.

Single Thread Involute Hobs use straight angled sides for

generating gears for maximum accuracy on gear hobbing
machines. They are normally specified for processes where no
subsequent tooth finishing operations are required, or where
improved accuracy before tooth shaving operations is required.

Multiple Thread Involute Hobs are specified for production runs

of gears on gear hobbing machines. Finish and accuracy are
somewhat less than that of single thread hobs, and tooth shaving
operations are normally required. Depending on the lead angle,
they will be straight or spiral gash.

Involute Spline Hobs have straight sides teeth like a gear hob,
and are usually of stub tooth depth. They are made in single or
multiple thread designs, with diametral pitches ranged from 2.5/5
to 128/256 and pressure angles of 30°, 37.5°, or 45°.

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 GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS
Worm Gear Hobs are part of specific tools that match the worm
shaft with sharpening allowance. This plunge cutting tool is
manufactured in shell or shank designs with straight or spiral
gash. Lead angles up to 45° are available.

Camshaft Hobs are specially designed involute hobs for plunge

cutting the gear on most automotive camshafts. It has clearance
chamfers on one of both ends to clear lobe or bearing journals for
timing, and topping if necessary.

High Speed Steel Hobs with Advanced Coatings close the gap
between solid carbide and traditional high speed steel. High
Speed Steel Hobs with Advanced Coatings offer improved
performance over traditional high speed steel in both wet or
dry applications and are available in premium substrates and
various coatings.

Special Drive Hobs can be designed and manufactured for any

special requirement. From OD and face clamping to clutch key
ways with special hubs.

Sprocket Hobs are specially designed to produce accurate

finishes on several chain sprocket tooth forms. Like spline hobs,
they produce the correct tooth form at only one depth of cut, so
tooth form accuracy is extremely important. Sprocket hobs are
available in single and multiple thread designs.

Special Form Hobs are produced for a wide variety of tooth forms
such as square shafts, as well as conjugate forms for pump gear
that transmit motion. Generally, these special hobs generate the
correct tooth form at only one depth, so accuracy is critical.

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GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS

Straight Key Spline Hobs with Lugs is a special feature that

can be included on the hob to produce root clearance when
necessary. Other special features, such as clearance grooves for
shoulder clearance can be added to any of the spline hobs.

Solid Carbide Hobs can be used in shell or shank design to cut

gears with or without coolant, and are available in keyway and
clutch drive designs.

PWS Precision Quality coarse pitch, large body hobs, are now
available in tooth sizes from module 20 (1.25 DP) to module 40
(.635 DP) up to 430 mm (17”) in diameter.

Shank hobs are designed for today’s high cutting velocity tools
with extra long active cutting lengths. They are designed for most
hobbing machines in today’s hobbing machine market.

Straight or tapered key spline hobs have specially curved tooth

forms and are made in single and multiple thread types. They are
used to produce at only one depth of cut.

Star SU manufactures accurate, long-lasting, form-relieved milling

cutters for a wide variety of applications. Every tool is a custom
design for a specific application.

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 GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS
Single & Duplex Milling Cutters are available for most tooth forms
from standard involutes and sprockets to special splines and
worm cutters.

Saw Blade Milling Cutters for hack, band, or circular saw blades
come in single or variable pitch, straight or tapered outside
diameters, single cutters up to 13.5” long or interlocked sets,
accurate unground or hard finished.

Multiple Thread Milling Cutters are of two basic designs, shell

type and shank type. Both types are form relieved and may be
sharpened by grinding the straight or spiral gash of the cutter,
without changing their forms. Both types can be supplied with
special thread forms, as well as standard straight, taper or pipe
threads, to cut internal and external threads.

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GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS

Special Form cutters are manufactured in a wide range of

configurations…straight and spiral gash designs for cutting
gear racks, serration form cutters for chuck jaws and steering
gear segments, as well as a wide variety of special form relieved
cutters for producing items such as pliers, clipper guides,
concave and convex form, and tool bits. The drives range from
simple keyway bores to complex hubs and shanks.

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 GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS
When ordering special cutters, a detailed drawing CUTTER DATA
of the part to be cut should be furnished. Your
Star-SU-tool-ID-no.(opt.): _________________________
information MUST include the following data.
Tool drawing no: _________________________
CUSTOMER DATA
Star-SUCustomer-No.(opt.): _______________________ Type of Hob Shell
Company name: _________________________ Shank*
Department: _________________________ Multi Thread*
Request by (first/last name):_______________________
Tel.: _________________________ Diameter _________________________
Fax.: _________________________ Hole size _________________________
E-mail: _________________________ Type of keyway _________________________

Quotation Order ***If special cutter specify application (e.g. chain

sprockets, cams, splines, timing gears, etc.) ________
PART DATA
Star-SU part-ID-no. (opt.): ________________________
Workpiece drawing no: _________________________ Profile modifications Corner radius
Workpiece type External Internal Chamfer or semi-topping
Number of teeth _________________________ Protuberance

Diametral pitch (DP) __________Module ________ Modified flank for tip relief
if helical, please specifiy Normal Transverse Modified pressure angle
Pressure angle _________________________ Full topping
if helical, please specify Normal Transverse
Major dia. _______Minor dia. _________ ANSI/AGMA
quality class: Unground A AA
Helix angle __________Lead __________
Specify special quality: _________________________
Hand of helix Right Left
Material: M4 Rex45 Rex54
Depth of cut _________________________ Rex76 T-15
T.I.F. diameter _________________________ Other materials are available on request.
Tolerance _________________________
Coating: TiN TiCN TiAlN
Root fillet radius _________________________
Specify other coating: _________________________
Cutting operation Rough Finish
Pre-shave* Pre-grind Pre-finish Number of pieces: _________________________
*supply pre-shave shape including undercut!
Remarks: ______________________________________
Chordal Addendum _________________________ ________________________________________________
Tooth thickness _________________________ ________________________________________________
Measuring over pin/balls _________________________ ________________________________________________
Pin/ball diameter _________________________
Please send the completed form to:
Span reading ________ No of teeth ______
Fax: 847-649-0112
Material to be cut _________________________ Tel: 847-649-1450 E-mail: [email protected]
Hardness at time of cutting ___________HBN __ HRC

MATING PART
Part number _________________________
Number of teeth _________________________
Major dia. ________ minor dia. _______
Center Distance _________________________
Backlash _________________________

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GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS
THE NATURE OF THE ENVELOPING CUT

Deviations from the theoretical or design tooth space along the line of action, enveloping
generating helix of the hob effect the polygonal the profile. The profile is made up of a series of
path of the enveloping cut along the gear tooth individul cuts. The more cutting edges in a hob
profile (as shown in figures 1 and 2). In figures 1 the finer the network of enveloping cuts. The
and 2, a single thread hob is shown, illustrating fewer the number of cutting edges in the hob,
how in one revolution of the hob each of the the rougher the involute profile.
individual cutting edges removes metal from the

Figure 1. A single thread, 12 gash hob, in one revolution, envelopes a tooth space
with a series of polygonal cuts.

Figure 2. The unwound generating helix of a 12 gash single thread hob is shown here
with a deviation of the cutting edges (dotted line = thread lead error)
from the nominal (solid straight line).

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 GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS
If the hob is manufactured with deviations edge, and the lad of the gash (whether the hob
along its generating helix (thread error) or is is straight gash or spiral gash). These deviations
resharpened, so as to displace one or more are reproduced, in varying magnitudes, on the
cutting edges from the nominal pitch cylinder of involute profile of the gear.
the hob, the effect is a deviation in the network Mounting a theoretically perfect hob on an
of enveloping cuts. This deviation manifests itself eccentrically running arbor causes the hob
as a profile error. cutting edges to advance and retract in
Incorrect resharpening of the hob produces one revolution. This causes an advance and
deviations in the design geometry which effect retreat of the network of enveloping cuts
the basic rack tooth form, the position of one from the nominal, producing a “wandering”
cutting edge to another, the rake of hob cutting involute profile.

THE EFFECT OF HOB MOUNTING ERRORS

Despite a hypothetically perfect hob, 1) Failure to true up the hob arbor

manufactured error free, the hob can produce 2) Failure to true up the hob on the hob arbor by
profile errors if mounted eccentrically on the indicating the hub indicating bands on
hobbing machine arbor. the ends of the hob
Hob runout error due to either careless 3) Bent hob arbor
mounting or to improper resharpening is the
greatest contributor to out-of-tolerance hobbed 4) Oversize hob bore or undersize hob arbor
involute profiles. Figures 3, 4 and 5 illustrate 5) Non-parallel hob clamping spacers
the effects three types of hob runout have upon
6) Misaligned or worn outboard support bearing
the gear tooth form. These effects are created,
for the hob arbor
most often, by:

Figure 3. The effect of uniform runout over the entire hob.

Figure 4. The effect of runout on each side of the hob 180° apart.
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GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS

Figure 5. The effect of hob runout on one side of the hob only.

Often hob runout error is introduced at the first its rotation. The sources of this error in the
hob resharpening. If a hob is mounted carelessly sharpener are similar to those in the hobber.
– that is, without truing - on the sharpening In some precision gear manufacturing shops
arbor, runout can be sharpened into the hob by the hob is sharpened on the hob arbor after
sharpening off progressively greater amounts of careful alignment to insure optimum gear
material from the hob gashes for half of tooth profile accuracy.

THE EFFECT OF HOB RESHARPENING ERRORS

Hobs resharpened on an arbor in a resharpening 1) Hob cutting faces are sharpened with
machine that runs eccentrically will result negative rake (Figure 6)
in sharpening errors that give the same 2) Hob cutting faces are sharpened with positive
“wandering” profile characteristic to an involute rake (Figure 7)
profile as an eccentrically mounted properly
sharpened hob in a hobbing machine. 3) Hob cutting faces are sharpened by unequal
amounts resulting in uneven flute spacing
Other sharpening errors to the basic rack that (Figure 8)
effect hob profile are:

Figure 6. Effect on profile of a hob resharpened with negative rake when the
cutting face should be sharpened radial.
A hob sharpened with incorrect lead will result in one end of the hob being larger in diameter than
the other. As the hob is shifted across its usable life in the hobbing machine, a change in the size of
the workpiece will be evident (Figure 9).

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 GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS
Figure 7. Effect on profile of a hob resharpened with positive rake
when the cutting face should be sharpened radial.

Figure 8. Effect on profile of a hob resharpened with cutting faces unequally

spaced, creating accumulated flute spacing error.

Figure 9. Effect on size of workpiece when hob is resharpened with the

incorrect lead. The loss of tooth height from one end of the
hob to the other results in a change of size on the workpiece
as the hob is shifted across its usable life.
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GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS

ANSI/AGMA 1102-A03 Tolerance Specifications

for Single & Multiple Thread Hobs
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 13 20 30
Diametral Pitch Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru 51 and
1.999 2.999 3.999 4.999 5.999 8.999 12.999 19.999 29.999 50.999 Finer

Runout (1-4 Thread) Class

Hub Face* AA 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
A 8 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
B 10 8 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2
C 10 8 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
D 10 8 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3
Hub Diameter* AA 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
A 10 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
B 12 8 6 5 4 4 3 2 2 2
C 12 8 6 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 2
D 15 10 8 8 6 6 5 5 4 3
Outside Diameter* AA 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2
A 30 20 15 15 10 10 10 10 10 7 5
B 40 30 25 20 15 15 15 10 10 7
C 50 45 40 25 20 17 17 12 12 10 8
D 60 55 50 45 35 35 30 25 20 15
Lead Variation Class
Tooth To Tooth* AA 4 3 2 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 2
A 7 5 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
1Thread B 10 8 6 4 3 3 3 3 3 2
C 15 12 8 6 5 4 4 4 4 3 8
D 25 20 16 14 12 10 10 8 6 5
A 8 6 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2
2 Thread B 12 10 7 6 5 5 5 4 3 2
C 18 14 10 9 7 6 6 5 5 3 3
D 27 22 18 16 14 12 11 9 8 6
A 9 7 6 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2
3 Thread B 14 12 8 7 6 6 5 5 4 3
C 21 16 12 10 8 7 6 5 5 4 3
D 29 24 20 18 16 14 12 10 9 7
A 10 7 6 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2
4 Thread B 16 13 9 8 7 6 6 5 4 4
C 24 18 13 11 9 7 7 6 5 4 4
D 31 26 22 20 18 16 13 11 10 8

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 GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS
ANSI/AGMA 1102-A03 Tolerance Specifications
for Single & Multiple Thread Hobs (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 13 20 30
Diametral Pitch Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru 51 and
1.999 2.999 3.999 4.999 5.999 8.999 12.999 19.999 29.999 50.999 Finer

Lead Variation Class

(continued)
Any One Axial Pitch* AA 8 6 4 3 3 2 2 1.5 1.5
A 25 18 10 8 6 5 5 4 4 3 3
1Thread B 35 25 17 11 9 7 7 6 6 4
C 45 35 22 14 11 9 9 8 8 8 6
D 60 60 40 30 25 20 20 18 16 14
A 25 20 10 8 6 5 5 4 4 3 3
2-4 Thread B 35 30 17 12 10 8 8 7 7 4
C 45 35 22 18 15 12 12 10 10 8 6
D 60 50 40 30 25 20 20 18 16 14
Any Three AA 12 9 6 5 5 4 4 3 3
Axial Pitches A 38 26 15 12 9 8 8 7 7 5 5
B 53 38 22 16 12 11 10 9 9 7
1 Thread C 70 50 30 21 16 14 13 12 12 12 8
D 120 100 80 60 50 40 35 25 20 16
Any Three A 38 30 15 12 9 8 8 7 7 5 5
Axial Pitches*
B 53 38 22 20 15 12 12 10 10 7
2-4 Thread C 70 50 30 28 20 18 16 14 14 12 8
D 120 100 80 60 50 40 35 25 22 18

Adjacent Thread To A 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 3 3 3
Thread Spacing* B 14 12 11 10 9 8 6 5 5 5
C 20 17 15 13 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
2 Thread D 26 22 19 17 15 13 12 11 10 9
A 13 11 10 8 7 6 5 4 4 4 3
3 Thread B 16 14 12 11 10 9 7 7 6 6
C 22 19 16 14 13 11 10 9 8 7 6
D 28 24 20 18 16 15 13 12 11 10
A 15 13 12 9 8 7 6 5 4 4 3
4 Thread B 18 16 14 12 11 10 8 7 7 6
C 24 21 18 15 14 12 11 10 9 8 7
D 30 26 22 20 18 16 14 13 12 11

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GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS

ANSI/AGMA 1102-A03 Tolerance Specifications

for Single & Multiple Thread Hobs (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 13 20 30
Diametral Pitch Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru 51 and
1.999 2.999 3.999 4.999 5.999 8.999 12.999 19.999 29.999 50.999 Finer

Tooth Profile Class

Pressure Angle AA 2 2 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5
Or Profile* A 10 5 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1Thread B 16 8 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 2
C 25 15 10 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
D 80 55 30 18 12 8 8 6 5 4
A 12 7 5 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
2 Thread B 18 10 7 5 5 4 3 3 3 2
C 27 16 11 7 5 4 3 3 3 3 3
D 80 55 30 18 12 8 8 7 6 5
A 15 8 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2
2
3-4 Thread B 20 10 7 5 5 4 4 3 3 2
C 27 16 11 7 5 4 4 3 3 3
3
D 80 55 30 18 12 8 8 7 6 5
Start of Approach AA 100 80 70 60 60 40 40 30
(Plus or Minus) A 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 30
B 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 50 40
1 Thread C 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 50
D 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80
A 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 50 40
2-4 Thread B 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 50
C 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 50
D 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80
Symmetry of AA 70 60 50 40 40 25 25 25
Approach* 25
A 150 130 120 100 90 80 60 50 35
B 180 150 130 120 100 90 80 70 45 35
1 Thread C 180 150 130 120 100 90 80 70 55 45
D 200 180 160 140 120 110 100 90 80 60
A 150 130 120 10 90 80 60 50 40 30
2-4 Thread B 180 150 130 120 100 90 80 70 60 50
C 180 150 130 120 100 90 80 70 60 50
D 200 180 160 140 120 110 100 90 80 60
Tooth Thickness AA 15 15 10 10 10 10 10 5 5
(Minus Only) A 30 20 15 15 10 10 10 10 10 5 5
B 30 20 15 15 10 10 10 10 10 5
1-4 Thread C 35 25 20 20 15 15 15 15 15 10 10
D 40 35 30 25 20 20 20 20 20 15

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 GEAR HOBS & MILLING CUTTERS
ANSI/AGMA 1102-A03 Tolerance Specifications
for Single & Multiple Thread Hobs (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 13 20 30 51 and
Diametral Pitch Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Thru Finer
1.999 2.999 3.999 4.999 5.999 8.999 12.999 19.999 29.999 50.999

Sharpening Class
(1-4 Thread)
Spacinig Between AA 20 15 10 8 8 6 6 6 6
Adjacent Flutes* A 40 30 25 20 15 10 10 10 10 10 10
B 50 45 40 30 20 15 15 10 10 10
C 50 45 40 30 20 15 15 10 10 10 10
D 60 60 50 50 30 25 25 20 17 17
Spacinig Between AA 40 35 25 15 15 15 15 15 15
Non-Adjacent A 80 60 50 40 30 30 30 25 25 20 20
Flutes* B 100 90 80 60 50 50 50 40 35 30
C 100 90 80 60 50 50 50 40 35 30 30
D 120 120 100 100 80 80 70 60 50 40
Cutting Faces
Radial AA 10 8 6 5 5 3 3 3 3
To Cutting Depth* A 30 15 10 8 6 5 5 3 3 3 3
B 50 25 15 10 8 7 7 5 5 5
C 50 25 15 10 8 7 7 5 5 5 5
D 100 75 50 40 30 20 20 15 15 10

Class Face Width 0 to 1” 1” to 2” 2” to 4” 4” to 7” 7” and up

AA 8 10 15 20 20
Accuracy Of Flutes, A 10 15 25 30 50
Straight and Helical B 10 15 25 30 50
C 10 15 25 30 50
D 15 23 38 45 75
Runout (1-4 Thread)
Bore (1-4 Thread) Class
Bore Diameter 2.500” 2.000” 1.500” 1.250” .750” .500” and smaller
Diameter, Straight AA 2 2 2
Bore (Plus Only) A 8 8 5 2 2 2
B 10 10 8 3 2 2
C 10 10 8 3 2 2
D 10 10 10 5 4 3
Class All Diameters Length
Symmetry of AA 75
Approach* A 75
B 75
1 Thread C 60
D 50
Class All Tapers Circumference Length
Percent of Bearing AA 95 75
Contact, Taper Bore A 90 60
B 90 60
C 90 60
Consult the ANSI/AGMA Specification for values for AAA ultra precision hobs
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Star SU LLC
5200 Prairie Stone Parkway, Suite 100
Hoffman Estates, IL 60192
USA
Tel.: 847 649 1450
Fax: 847 649 0112
[email protected]

Star SU LLC
Sales Office Michigan
23461 Industrial Park Drive
Star SU LLC, Hoffman Estates/Illinois
Farmington Hills, MI 48335-2855
USA
Tel.: 248 474 8200
Fax: 248 474 9518
[email protected]
StarSU_GearHobs&MillingCutters_8-06

Tools Service Center

Tools Manufacturing Site
Tools Service Center – Planned

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