'

VRIL
COMPENDIUM

VOLUME

VRIL
ARCHEFORMS

VASSILATOS
1992

ÆTHERFORCE
 VOLUME
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
--

COMMENTARY

VRIL RECEIVERS

REGIONAL LINKAGE

VRIL STRUCTURES

SUBTERRANEAN HALLS

ÆTHERFORCE
 -

,...... .

for George

you tried to show me a vision

but I was too little

and Michel

ÆTHERFORCE
 SECTION
1 ·.

. COMMENTARY

ÆTHERFORCE
 Eidetically tunnelled experiences produce inertio-physical dis- conversation, observing landscapes, and reading texts com-
plays. Vril eidetic world transaction deform and distort the mon to specific V ril regions. One learns to identify a spedfic
apparent world. Technological components successfully oper- "sense and feel" of a district through its cultural expressions of
ate because of V ril conducted eidetic worlds. Energetic and its eidetically projected archeforms.
material reactivities are surficial results of V ril eidetic world Human organismic Vril projections move effortlessly into
mergings. Technological componentry does not operate through iron and ferruginous material. Early telegraphic and telephonic
mechanistic dynamics. lines were entirely composed of iron wire. Spedfic minerals
Mechanistic dynamics operate because of V ril eidetic and metals are capable of eidetically transacting the archeforms
world transactions. Ultimate humansensoxy experience discov- which physically and metaphorically manifest throughout dis-
ers V ril eidetic worlds. tricts and region. In spedfic regions specific materials must be
Deeper Vril meaningful experiences are organismically central in Vril designs for succesSful eidetic integrity. Vril
insensate. Vril eidetic world discoveries require contact expe- regional boundaries are sharp.
riences. Regional archeforms generate and guide their surround-
Vril thread mergings drive organismic neurology in pri- ings. Sensitives conform to archeforms and construct contem-
mcuy experiential mode. Vril experience is true experience. porary cultural extensions. Archeforms peaist and permeate
Vril eidetic world connectivity self-permeates and self~uff'uses. districts irregardless of time.
Vril world connecUvities may be mutually transparent and co- Vril technology requires fundamental knowledge of local
existent. Vril generative ordea exist as fixed templates. Vril eidetic world terminals. V ril Axes are surrounded with
Future Vril technology must be sensitively surrendered to inertial agglumerations. Inertial agglumerations distort eidetic
the ordained pre-existent Vril causeways, channels, and junc- experiences in projective spaces near Vril Axes. Vril points are
tures. Imposed and improper trans-connections must be avoided inertia dissolving sites.
should powerful pure Vril engagement be our desired quest. Vril eidetic transactions may occur with eyes opened.
Human organismic Vril projections move effortlessly into iron Caesium plates in vacuum achieve such V ril transactions
and ferruginous material. Early telegraphic and telephonic (R.Drown, Vassilatos).
lines were entirely composed of iron wire. Several investigators have achieved eidetic transaction
Spedfic minerals and metals are capable of eidetically across space in absence of articulations. Vril eidetic world
transacting the archeforms which physically and metaphori- magni.ftcations become luminous and overwhelming when
cally manifest throughout districts and region. In spedfic properly arranged and transacted. Eidetic transaction is true
regions spedfic materials must be preeminant in Vril designs television as originally envisioned by early researchers. Archaic
for successful eidetic integrity. Vril regional boundaries are legendaries reportedly were in possession of singular viewing
sharp. stones (Prester John).
Rheostatic entunement was used to entune meaningful V ril designed reactive assemblages release transitions and
supply of eidetic trans. Telegraphers erroneously assumed that potential regional permutations. permutations are permanent
rheostatic control was an electrical necessity. Radionists ob- beneficial V ril transmutations of unexpected content and
served that organismic vitality as increased when humanly quality. Insensate Vril inflections bring unexpected transitions
connected capadties were grounded at "rate-nodes" (R.Drown). and inflections into our sensate experience of a region. Properly
Human subjects and objects absorb eidetic transaction through designed and modulated Vril transitions produce regionally
such nodal contacts. dispersed permutations.
Capadtors were used to ground telegraphic and tele- Vril reactive configurations and notable and startling in
phonic lines. Their power as exceptional eidetic transactors is appearance. Vrll permutations become unexpected Vril worlds.
significant: providing sharpened and powerfully penetrating V ril permutations increase in excellence. Combined Vril
eidetic experience with great clarity along V ril channels (ground eidetic effects are exceeded in V ril permutational experiences.
.surface view). Capadtance values determines the degree of V ril permutations exceed the sum of configured eidetic worlds.
eidetic transaction among line-communicants. These effects Material configurations bring eidetic worlds in proximal
become overwhelming when lines correspond with the Vril fusions. The mutually interblending of eidetic worlds so fo-
threadways of a district between stations. cussed and joined is the reactivity of eidetic worlds. Material
Interleaved capacitors are but one variety. Each configu- configurations arrange the reactivity of eidetic worlds in specifi-
ration provides distinct eidetic content as result of material cally powerful V ril junctures. V ril permutations affect all related
configuration. Aerial disconnected minerals and metals give Vril worlds simultaneously. Distal Vril transactions do alter
only visceral transactions. Identical grounded minerals and regional local consciousness.
metals provide eidetic experience. Vril sensitives locate interactive sites where regional Vril
Telegraphic lines behaved as V ril inter-node connectors transactions occur. Insensate V ril eidetic threadways. focus
among stations. Eidetic experience of trans-district and trans- human organismic attention along meaning-filled alignments.
regional vantage were enjoined through telegraphic and tele- Great Vril operators are known by their ability to harmlessly
phonic connections. V ril threadways enjoined the elevated iron experience eidetic communion despite high inertial densiftca-
lines which spanned the miles between station houses. tions in situations.
Vril archetypical forms emerge when listening to music, Such Vril eidetic portions remain insensate to potential

ÆTHERFORCE
 partidpants. V ril Technology modulates consdousness. V ril Returned to some related point, these persons would report
consdousness is space-distributed in our world. Vril sensitives "absorption into the walls".
extend consdousness into spaces. Vril focussed consdousness Vril threads and threadways occur on the ground surface.
transforms the degree of V ril eidetic experience. Powerfully Vril channels are found in the ground geology at depths not
focussed V ril threadways tunnel consciousness in powerful exceeding several hundred yards. Vril causeways are the vast
channels. Vril focussed attention tunnels the experience of the regional axes which generate and sustain whole regions.
V ril sensitive, eradicates spurious inertial distortions of percep- Speciftc eidetic transactions give strange symbols and
tion, and reveals the V ril eidetic junctures. mysterious significations (runes). Ancient hieroglyphic designs
Alchymy observes the spontaneous emerge of new eidetic were etched into specific material plaques. These engaged
elements. Alchymy transmutes eidetic elements. Alchymy organismic transactions in V ril eidetic worlds.
recognizes that eidetic worlds make the qualities observed in Specific V ril eidetic worlds release regional memories,
matter. Alchymy recognizes that matter is but the conductive facts, and revelatory knowledge. Speciftc Vril material configu-
(inertifted} portion of an eidetic world projection. The material rations permit the experience of timeless travel among eidetic
is not the essential element. The eidetic world is the essential worlds. Vril operators conduct excessive degrees of revelatory
element. knowledge.
Mixing the strange presence of eidetic worlds has powerful Vril designers and Vril Scientists take especial regard to
repercussions in the environment. Reactions enjoined on vril mergmgs and blendings within Vril systems. Vril designers
mixing plates under speciftc Vril light are not pwsued to must track Vril paths from organismic contacts with minerals
determine what the inertifted ash will become. The alchymyst and metals, through material masses, and down into the eidetic
obsexves the eidetic transformations enjoined when minerals world foundations. Vril mergings are continuous, and may be
and metals are brought together. tracked. Vril focussed awareness on Vril insensate generates
Vril threads generate, project, sustain, and influence perceivable spontaneous activity.
geological forms. Inertial detrital discharges follow V rillic Organismic Vril metgings generate spontaneous V rillic
patterns (lightning). activities. Vril eidetic experience which suddenly reveal an
Water channels and courses follow and cooperate with Vril entire pan-regional hegemony are special V ril eidetic experi-
energetic ground patterns. Weather patterns are the result of ences. Alterations in environmental conditions creates Organ-
mysterious Vril eidetic trans. and were the result of ground ismic interference during eidetic trans. Organismic stability
tuning from the telegraph station groundplate sites. T e I e- depends upon fixed proportions of inertia space and Vril
graphic stations are noumenous in appearance because they eidetic content.
congeal, direct, and focus space-flooding Vril. Our being and Organismic sensitivity includes intenuptions due to musi-
existence depend on Vril concentrations. Vril eidetic worlds cal tones, illuminations, color, and inertial detrital currents.
independently exist. Cathedral music was designed to be Vril-confonnant.
Vril eidetic worlds exist in absence of the minerals and Deepest V ril eidetic transactions reveal mysterious
metals which they project. symbological paths and metaphorically rich gateways. Etch-
Minerals and metals are not the pure Vril worlds. Minerals ings, geometric forms (runes} are thus transacted with the
and metals are not the pure eidetic world contents which are adept. V ril is the meaningful core of the universe.
projected: they are the inertialJzed detrital condensations which Conscious reference determines experiential content. Vril
are penetrated into iilertial space. Science recognizes only eidetic experience achieved through
Minerals and metals conduct eidetic content withcontactees. material contacts as accurate experiential reference.
Eidetic world content requires no effort. Interception of eidetic V ril Science gives an experiential world-view which neces-
information channels requires specific metals and minerals. sarily differs from objective models presented during the last
Spedal accumulators, capacitors (ground connected), tuning 500 years.
devices, and contact mediators are needed for the successful The reality of eidetic transactions through material con-
·d~ign of eidetic transactors. tacts annihilates the validity of our excessive reliance upon
Apparent reality can be distorted and warped. Eidetic open-eyed information. The deep Structure of experiential
imagery and experience teaches that world-experience is not a reality is eidetic and vrillic in nature: differing from the 5-
fixed rigidity. Eidetic experiences warp meaningful world- sensory experience of the apparent world.
experience. BUocational and translocational experiences could Organismic modulation of native V ril provides organismic
be effected through special magnifications of projected eidetic expression and exchange among juncture points. Vril opera-
worlds. One becomes experientially "aspirated" into these tors manage the spontaneous entunement of specific junctures,
worlds when magnification exceeds thresholds. obtaining experiential knowledge of distal events and circum-
Total translations may occur in a rare native phenomenon stances.
observed in certain lands continually. The tales of "hollow Telegraph and telephone lines created ground standing
earth", Agartha, the land of faeries, mount Olympus and other conditions where vrillic energies consistently resided. Vril
legend'ry are emphatic in report. The use of proximal metal thread contacts envelop participants in communions. Vril
plaques and Vril point focussers (rock walls) were historical. responds to humanly arranged inertial intenuptions for greater
Received individuals would disappear for hours or days. ,purpose. This Yril Law of sustenance is not mechanistic in

ÆTHERFORCE
 action. V ril is personable. be mapped.
Inertial technology forces Vril aurae to expand and con- Consciousness is the fundamental Vril energetic quality.
tract. V ril is consciousness. Experience is the environmental measure
V ril intent matches and surpasses inertial presence to of efficiency by which conscious energy is exchanged. V ril
preserve organismic regional integrity. V ril projects generativity Science studies the foundations of being. V ril Science considers
and sustains worlds. Vril aurae are tufted striations. Specific V ril the transactions which occur within and among space and the
aurae contain pro-generative inflections during specific generated realities within those space. Vril Technology devises
times.Native Vril states exceed all inertial empowerment the means through which being and consciousness may be
V ril insensate threads are sensed as prickling sensations brought to their intended levels of experience.
when contact is not well-designed. Each region is typified by spedftc geology, geological
Vril eidetic absorption expands consciousness in Vril species, vril alignments, and eidetic transactions. Among the
eidetic worlds. Vril eidetic absorption eradicates simple inerti~ many experiential regions there exist more highly prefeiTed
sensory blocks. Vril Science is discovered via Vril eidetic regions. A region is an experiential holism of speciftc content
connection. Minerals and metals, material configurations, and and attribute. Regional experiential boundaries are sensed by
configurational alignment must be eidetically experienced, sensiUves. Such sensitivities prove to defy national boundaries.
tested, and utilized. · Vril regions are mappable and possessed of boundaries which
The black radiance of space is the Vril projected space are self-determined.
aura. Vril is the glowing blackness from which emerge experi- On this eidetic sensitivity depend all the developments
ences. V ril is the black radiance in which meanings are revealed in the~ COMPENDIUM. Without these eidetic
received. Vril black radiances emanate all worlds. sensitivities one loses the entire context in which this tome has
Alchymysts studied the eidetic transactions of elements been composed.
and earth materials. They studied the eidetic transactions and When we eidetically experience Vril we find oUISelves
not the dead ash which may be grasped. Ash degenerates. The translated into another space and experience altogether...another
eidetic essence of every material is an experiential substance domain of power. This is the fusion with the universe of which
which must be apprehended through communal interfusion. the ancients speak. It is literal suspension within a glowing black
This is the seaet of alchymy. The study of eidetic transactions space which is. filled and flowing with created realities of all
and their manner of interwedding and blending produces kinds. We freely translate through rare and ultimate experi-
exotic elements which defy chemical analysis. ences when in this space. Our coiTespondence with the
Spedal places and materials have always been assodated apparent world becomes a mere facade for a reality whose
with heightened consciousness. The search for these arti.tlces is presence actually permeates all that appears.
Vril guided. Vril acknowledgement of sUJTOunding space Its permeations thoroughly suffuse our every thought Our
becomes true communion when V rillocates conductive mate- dreams are composed of its substance. Our being is generated
rials and V ril active sites. There are such places and materials and sustained by its care. We may enter this experience
which so conduct organically projected V ril threads that the through power points and specific designs. We thus may enter
entire organism is permanently transmuted. this metaphysical experience through "gates": places which
Technological systems are developed through the intuitive coiTespond to its presence, diagrams, artifice {Vril accumula-
vision ofVril. Technological systems are Vril systems first and tors, transducers, tuners), cluster chords, color chords, thought-
foremost Systems operate at the most fundamental stages of forms ... the ancient literature is filled with the means for entering
being: geometry, position, alignment, material composition, this absolute reality.
arrangement, and combination. It is through these parameters The proliferation of many curious designs (which employ
~t V ril is allowed expression. V ril Sdence is revelatory double, triple and even quadruple ground-plates for their
Science. V ril Science and Technology is only gained through operation) represent the most powerful suggestion of virtual
.vision, revelation, and personal transformation. Great time is architecture. The intriguing archetypical coiTespondence of
required to receive these truths. Excessive experimental re- (parallel) knife blades with telegraphic (parallel) ground-plates
search does not grant such revelation. is just as powerful an association as when we compare {Eur~
The primary function of any design is the conduction and pean) neolithic (parallel) evergreen groves and the (parallel)
proliferation ofVril. V ril systems naturally display the conduc- walls of Notre-Dame. The symmetry and function is not
tive removal of detrital products. These detrital products result coincidental in activity. We learn about the V ril power and how
from interactions which occur between V ril and inertial space. to make use of its presence through such examples.
The operative function of systems in degenerate modes may be Power outputs obtained along these grounded lines greatly
unnaturally forced and maximized. The electrical mode of exceeded the power input through batteries in a dimension
technological componentry is the very last degenerate stage of which cannot be measured: aVril dimension of experiential
system activity. Extended eidetic presence reveals the unnatu- power and manifestations. Who can weigh the force of a
ral presence of space resistance. thought against a mere watt's worth of electrical pressure? Who
The greater V ril function of componentry remains lost and can insist that a thousand volt potential exceeds the power of
forgotten. The true operative function of fundamental environ- a revelation? Which is greater power... that which gives designs
mental objects remains hidden to most Vril threadways may · and revelation or the arti.tlces of inertia?

ÆTHERFORCE
VRIL RECEIVERS electnKtimuli on grounded conductors.
Look at telegraphy designs as radionic circuits. Though The concept of communicating at a distance is as old as the
marked by extreme simplidty and ruggedness they transduce mythologies themselves. The vision of resonant crystals (gazing
great potential across equally great distances. When we exam- spheres and stones) have been retrieved from the archane
ine the duplex and multiplex circuits from this point ofview we chambers of time in which they were buried. This concept of
arrive at very different perspectives than when looking from an "action-at-a-distance" was quizD.cally challenged repeatedly
"electric" viewpoint. Suddenly we are no longer interested in throughout history. The last derisive attack was heard just after
the minute details of the electrical exchanges and the madden- the phenomenon of wireless commenced: in 1862 when the
ing conduction paths (which defy experience and logic). We discoveries ofMahlonLoomis were attacked by the Smithsonian
are viewing the radionic functioning of the circuitry in whole Institute.
perspective. we see the sections as wholes...as aggregates and The "tsuringas" of the Australian Aborigine are matched
cavities of resonance rather than as singular paths of conduc- by the European devices andently used in temples throughout
tion. These systems of telegraphy (and their components) were theWestern World. These persist in legend and myth and are
capable resonators of the VIii power. the dream tokens of a forgotten technology. ToJkien mentions
The curious manner by which we may best examine the the "palantiri" (gazing stones), Prester John used "seeing
patents (seeing whole portions of circuitry rather than speciftc stones", KG.Wells wrote an entire short story (''The Crystal
little activities therein) seems to indicate the nature of the power Egg'1 on the wonderful topic, and numerous investigators
which forged the system. Remember most of the telegraphic (RDrown and G.DelaWarr) produced mysterious photographs
developments originally emerged from dream impressions and through equally mystifying technological means. The geom-
visions. therefore it is aucial that we recognize the holistic etries of temples, spedally aligned and constructed of speciftc
signature of the power which forged the system. We can easily matter, gave great power to those sensitives whose genetic
achieve this awareness by seeing (not independent little "elec- predelictions enabled them to see at a distance.
trical" activities: internal paths and shunts, vibrations, and Telegraphic systems were originally conceived by medi-
reactions) but by grasping whole portions of the diagrams eval and renaissance thinkers, who saw some revelatory glim-
given. mer in the phenomenon of magnets and compass action. The
Confusion between VIii activity and electrical impress- concept that lodestones could be made to correspond with
ments caused early electrical engineers to imagine that empiri- spatial resonance was a profound revelation for the times in
cally discovered efB.dency equalled "electrical effidency". which it was received. The notion that lodestones could be
They do not. The empirically discovered means (for enlarging separated and yet remain in mutual correspondence was the
and enhandng telegraphic signals) had nothing to do with basis on which telegraphic and wireless arts were later based.
electrical signa1ling at all. Yet, it is difiicult to convince most These were esoteric revelations which partake of the sdence
conventionalists of these truths. Why? Do not certain Vril which treats of earth, planets, stars, and active space••• indeed
systems operate in electrical (inertial) modes? They do. Where the experience ofVril operators. These early visions of crystal-
do the differences substantially diverge? How were the differ- correspondence and space-resonance dealt primarily with the
ences ever merged to begin with? more excellent V ril form of connectivity and continuity which
Telegraphic systems worked because they served Vril we are again fortunate to examine in our day.
prindples...not electrical ones. Empirically discovered compo- The bibliography of the past is invaluable toward achiev-
nents and their (apparent) functions were not thoroughly ingsumnalrevelations: sudden holistic configurations ofthought
examined to discern the important differences. It was assumed in which all the anomalous parts seem to "spring" into coherent
that these empirical functions were actual indications that the form. These coherent forms are infrequent but powerful in their
components (coils, resistors, batteries, plates, etc.) were per- advent. They represent some sensate portion of an archeform
fotming electrical work functions. In fact they were not. They from which the pieces of discovery are to be derived.
worked in spite of the electrical impressments. Yet what did we The concept of communicating at a distance is as old as the
·~d historically? mythologies themselves. The vision of resonant crystals (gazing
V ril power is equated with the functional service of spheres and stones) have been retrieved from the archane
material forms. Historical evidence proves the andents to have chambers of time in which they were buried. This concept of
achieved this equation. We will find an amazing repetition (of "action-at-a-distance" was quizD.cally challenged repeatedly
symmetries and forms, patterns and shapings, functions and throughout history. The last derisive attack was heard just after
abilities) when comparing the functional elements of telegraphy the phenomenon of wireless commenced: in 1862 when the
and wireless with the fuDctional elements of andent architec- discoveries ofMahlon Loomis were attacked by the Smithsonian
ture. Institute.
V ril is the powerful reality through which many had been The European devices andently used in temples through-
receiving bilocational impressions of the most powerful sort. out theWestern World persist in legend and myth. They are the
The telegraph line could transfer "dreams and visions" from far dream tokens of a forgotten technology. ToJkien mentions the
off places. Operators frequently thought themselves to be going "palantiri" (gazing stones), Presterjohn used "seeing stones",
mad. We may infer by these several patents the mannerisms H. G. Wells wrote an entire short story ("The Crystal Egg'1 on
and requirements by which V ril energy interacts with applied .the wonderful ~pic, and numerous investigators (RDrown and

ÆTHERFORCE
 G.DelaWarr)producedmysteriousphotographsthroughequally ResearcheiS who discovered that certain kinds of (earth
mystifying technological means. The geometries of temples, induction) were "anomalous" were baftled. Empirical inven-
specially aligned and constructed of spedfi.c matter, gave great toiS took these anomalous instances and worked them into
power to those sensitives whose genetic predelictions enabled equally strange apparatus. These form the bulk of our bibliog-
them to see at a distance. raphy. The Vril functions of telegraph systems and their
Telegraphic systems were originally conceived by medi- components forms the basis of an immense revelation. The
eval and renaissance alchymysts who experienced the eidetic telegraphic systems represented the first instance in which large
phenomena inherent in magnets. Lodestones could be made to trans-regional systems were interconnecting earth and dty-
eidetically correspond at great distances: a profound revelation centeiS directly. In addition, we find the trans-national intercon-
for the times in which it was received. The notion that nections and even the trans-oceanic connections which so
lodestones could be separated and yet remain in mutual gripped the minds of the day.
correspondence was the basis on which telegraphic and wire- FiiSt and foremost therefore the telegraphic communica-
less arts were later based. tions systems were Vrll connected systems. Intimately fused
These revelations can never be comprehended unless on with the ground power they transduced its energetic peiSOna
the basis of eidetic transaction. These early visions of aystal- directly between towns and (especially) sensitive operatoiS.
correspondence and space-resonance dealt primarily with a The primary power which operated in these systems did not
more excellent form of connectivity and continuity which we require application of electrldty at all. H not for the human
are again fortunate to examine in our day. failure to consdously sense and operate with this power we
The externalization of the mind and senses to reach could have seen astounding fulfillments yeaiS before our time.
beyond one's self and fuse with the univeiSe hi only possible in The nature of these Vril energies have not been discussed
the Vril channels and threadways of the environment. These before with any great depth.
interpierce the environment along spedfi.c and long-heralded That the telegraphic system can (and does) operate in an
fixed positions, whose legendary life-generating poweiS are empathic manner 1s demonstrated by the findings of several
well-known in each land. Marked by monuments, stones, notable researcheiS: although these are thought-connections
bouldeiS, temples, munidpal structures, cathedrals and univer- rarely discussed in this regards. Galvani, Mesmer, Baron Karl
sities, these Vrll points permit enhanced fusion with the von Reichenbach, and others discovered something distinctive
univeiSe. when using connections between their apparatus and human
Learning the V ril methods at these sites is pivotal to subjects. Whereas von Guericke would use electrlc pressure to
acquiring the coveted knowledge ofVril fusion. Those who so "shock" people into (dangerous) insensibility, there were
engage become especially empowered to work sodally trans- individuals whose central interest lay in the vitalizing aspects of
mutative changes through technological means alone. Thus (at certain ''worked" devices.
a great distance from cosmopolitan centres) one may arrange Dr.AAbrams and his experimental arrangement for
for life-raising life-generative changes which affect nations and entuning thought-forms: another step in a progressive move-
regions. ment toward empathic transmissions. With wired attachments
Such operation demands that inertia be broken. This (to the bodies of separated individuals) Dr.Abrams literally
requires not only proper placement (with respect to V ril points) demonstrated that thought-forms could be holistically trans-
but also technological appliances of definitive design. ferred. These through-line transfeiS exceeded the thought-
Archetypes and their presence produce astounding trans- transference commonly called "telepathic" (through space
actions in experiential space. The re-structuring of our own alone). The interposition of minerals and metals and spedal
order seems indicated. When archetypes are revealing them- components (rheostats, variable resistance bridges, minerals,
selves everything is in fusion. The entire feat is wondrous and organic matter, etc.) enhanced, amplified, and clarified the
highly stimulating to cultures in which these metaphysical same signals.
.events are focussed. Indeed the movement and activity of Somewhere in his studies of electrldty (1830) Lindsay was
axhetypes fonns the last step in the process of dvilization. struck with the notion of utilizing "electridty" for spedal modes
COming through metaphysically intense hieroglyphics the of lighting, motor-power, and communication. We hear his
archetype engages all possible connections with contemporary pronouncements on the future use of electridty when proph-
themes. esying that electric lamps " ... ablaze with the light of the sun .... ·
That this is a mystical process is characterized by the fact neither hampered by weather or any natural conditions ... will
that all sensitive peiSons sense the coming change... but no one light the night world and banish fear... ". Yet it was V ril which
individual is the source. The collective aspects of the archetype gave the vision. It was V ril which glowed in the mind. And it
indicates the fact that the effect is psychospatially distributed: was Vril which was to reveal a far greater technology.
a proof that space is endowed with sensation and conscious- Descriptions of his ideas on electrical technology reminds
ness. All that we experience and sense is generated...in the one of the flair and vision expressed by Jules Verne in his
spaces: the andently accepted reality. In the mysterious man- wonderful novels of both future and meta-terrestrial worlds.
ner (which may never learn) the archetype becomes an entirely Mr.I.Jndsay suggested that submarine cables might be laid
different character with new potentials which never before between land masses while using "earth batteries and bare
appeared. · ·wires" as the means for power transfer. How he managed to

ÆTHERFORCE
 receive this grand leap of wisdom and vision remains the Stubblefield, and G.W.Starr-White. The popular Victorian use
hallmark of the mental alchymyst the reception of Vril mind of the term "electricity" was adopted by those sensitives who
runes, symbols, meanings, and message. used the word when refening to viscero-eidetic natural ener-
Earth batteries are electrlcalshort~cuits. The use ofmetal gies. Dowsers "feel the rays ... feel the currents". Galvani and
plates to "attract the earth currents" was mentioned by several Mesmer also "felt the rays ... felt the currents" while across the
inventors (Strong). Earth batteries and aerial batteries produce space between metal plates and poles.
each their own proportions of visceral, eide.tic, and inertial The inertial fractions and detrital products of earth batter-
products. Earth batteries transact V ril viscera-eidetic energies. ies is anomalous from the electrodynamic viewpoint earth
Earth and aerial "batteries" were configured in various batteries are short circuits. Earth batteries are directly con-
material geometries to produce sped1ic proportions of inertial nected with the ground. This is supposedly the way in which
detritus. Some of these were configured to transact with inertial charges are drained away from charged sites. The paradox of
vortices {Dieckmann). The development of small and compact grounded drainage and elevated charge accumulations re-
earth battery and early rheostatic rate tuners proved capable of verses when considering that the burled cables of Samuel
transacting Vril eidetic world archeforms. Morse actually "accumulated so much static charge that signals
They have been used to boost the organic integrity and were impossible".
health of the body (G.Stu:r-White). They may function as The furtive signalling of unattended telegraph block re-
therapeutic devices. Earth battery arrangements have been ceivers was a mysterious excmsion in the language of the
used in both the diagnosis and therapy of the human organism ground itsel£ The ground spontaneously would release several
(RDrown). Earth battery design forms have been discovered concise coded signals of no certain content. Telegraph opera-
in Pyramids and Gothic Cathedrals. These massive designs tors were familiar with this sort of natural language. Mystery
exceed their function as generators and sustainers of regional messages were noted at times with specific intrigue.
mind transmutations. Mesmer's battery released a visceral, non-detrital unipolar
Earth batteries may be designed to magnify the inertial discharge. Reich's orgone "accumulator'' configured specific
vortex components {Dieckman) of the ground. They may be transactions which were primarily visceral in effect. Essential
used to magnify human communications across vast reaches of vitalistic batteries are various classes ofVril transactors. These
ground via Vril (Stubblefield). must remain connected to their parent generative sources.
The anomalous accumulation of static across grounded
telegraphic aerial lines is noteworthy. Aerial batteries and earth REGIONAL LINKAGE
batteries are not primarily and fundamentally electrical in Cities, towns, villages, metropolitan areas are V ril inter-
activity at all. connected. Ground and space V ril distributions governs the
Earth batteries do not derive their electricity from any vivifying supply which both extends existence and activity to
electrical currents in the earth, neither do they derive their those places. Comprehension is required to know the ground
potent amounts of electrical power from electrochemical ac- structure which densiftes Vril channels and connects regions
tions which would be better served in isolated solution-ftlled and districts together.
tanks. The energy of earth batteries is primarily Vrillic. They Vril transacts with the natural media. Vril threadways wind
are configured to channel detritus into appropriate utilities. through buildings. V ril threadways utilize passageways, hall-
Earth batteries were also designed for therapeutic effects. ways, stairwells.
Such configurations transacted powerful eidetic experi- V ril threads move through cities and building like black
ence through physical contact. Burled minerals and metals twisting ivy. They necessarily encorporate themselves among
when properly aligned and mutually configured produce every humanly arranged artifice and project of construction for
superior and surpassing eidetic transactions which incidently the sustenance of organismic integrity. Vril eidetically trans-
raise organismic integrity. Earth batteries secure V ril in its most acted archeforms are agencies by which experiential space may
potent form and make it available. at ground surface. Earth be locally transmuted.
·batteries are conductive links with Vril channels. Direct contact It is demonstrated that similar equally powerful transac-
with these designs affects permanent beneficial changes in the tions have been effected through the use of small eidetic world
capacity of the mind. transactors. These reactors and tuners are not costly and have
Earth batteries extend the sensitivity and vision of the tremendous ability to focus archeforms in the absence of the
human organism across vast regions of ground. They promote need for massive shelters.
bilocational vision and synaesthesic communication of excep- Vril eidetic worlds blend. Combinations of materials and
tional clarity. The extraction of inertial detritus from burled geometric configurations encourage eidetic world blends in a
earth batteries cannot be electrical in origin and cause. Vril small district. Transference of eidetic world archeforms into the
impaction of burled minerals and metals releases inertia on infra-structure of the apparent world gives demonstrated effect
contact. throughout a district. Geometric runes may be impressed upon
Minerals and metals respond to impaction releasing ener- inhabitants of a region through the activity of a single indi-
getic currents of inertial condensations. These are not all vidual.
particulate in nature. Such socially extant proliferations occur with great fre-
Visceral currents were reported by Galvani, Mesmer, and quency when ~ts operate at specific points.

ÆTHERFORCE
 The geometric structures and mineral compositions of cators and conducting channels if eidetic experience is to be
Gothic proved powerful in the entunement of eidetic world maximized. Improper configurations produce dangerous iner-
contents. Both exteriors and interiors of Gothic cathedrals tial and impaired eidetic experience.
prove their focussing potential The resulting impact of trans- 'I1ns is a view-channel universe. V ril eidetics pennit
acted eidetic worlds upon inertial space brings totally altered structural viewing of the universe through material windows.
consciousness of a raised permanent nature to any locale Vast eidetic communion is achieved when examining Vril
desired. hieroglyphic plaques in the presence of potent Vril thread
V ril eidetic worlds blend. The apparent world folds and discharges: this was the foundation ancient Vril technology and
distorts, fades, and dissolves, when blends are magnified. Such system of communications.
disappearances and appearances occwred at spedftc Vril In ancient systems of Vril communications ancient Vril
configured points. Noumenous objects are Vril conductive operators were able to obtain bilocational distal experiential
objects. Spedilc materio-Vrilliccontacts release forgotten knowl- information. Ancient astronomers were travellers, not catalog-
edge. Spedftc materio-Vrilllc contacts re-famtliartze partici- ers of transits. Planetary configurations were alchymycal com-
pants with lost awarenesses. binations which produced new eidetic elements. These new
Excessive inertial concentration brings depression and elements were transitory and capable of bemg enhosted in
inappropriate behavior patterns. Regional Vril ground modu- spedftc substrates (waters, mineral powders, metal plates).
lations heals away inertial rigidiftcations in a region. 'I1ns occurs Improper conftgurations remove possible new eidetic
natural during eidetic world surges. Vril technology does effect elements needed on earth toward the achievement of rare
regional changes on behavior patterns. The elevation of re- operations. Vril projects through space at points to generate,
gional consciousness is a primary goal ofVril Tech. sustain, and build up materials. Certain ground batteries are the
Organisms constantly materially contact Vril eidetic worlds sites of prolific transaction which lead to transmutations.
through connective discharges. Vril eidetic experience is or- The metals prove the independent existence of their
ganismic infra-consciousness. Vril eidetic world experiences parent eidetic worlds.
are dream-foundations which are essential to organismic integ- We can arrange the existence of the projective worlds in
rity. eidetic reactions and blends. Metals are inertial agglumerations
The regional musical transmission ofholJstic intelligence of which densify their eidetic world qualities.
the deepest sort was attained in Gothic Cathedral systems The world is flooded with eidetic images.The world is
through Vril point-connections. The huge monolithic compo- flooded with eidetic images. Stars project stored knowledge.
nents of Gothic Cathedrals were activated by spedftc harmonic Andent star-gazers were eidetic recipients who employed
systems organismically expressed by adept-operators. towers, staves, rods, aerial spears, sceptres, altars, helmetry,
Vril continuities and holJsms are evidenced as chunldng of jewel studded body armor, Vril nodal sites, aligned natural
system components. Meanings crystallize in systems. Portions ridges and other artifices for direct personal transaction with
of whole meanings crystallize in spedftc components. These stars.
may be isolated and experientially examined. Separating such Vril transaction is guided experience through Vril eidetic
components of Vril dense configurations result in loss of world landscapes. Sacred arts musicks are signiftcant in their
context and meaningful system operation. 'I1ns is especially powerful Vril channel engagement and entry. Vril junctures
apparent in written minerals and metals: where separating and natural Vril eidetic nodes absorb such Vril active vocal
single sentences suflices to derange the reader's continuous expressions.
meaningful transactions. Other musical forms are not absorbed in such fashion or
Education is not the tool through which humanity must be accepted by them. Free standing V ril ganglia may be sighted
CC?nsciously raised. Vril technology alone can sufliciently raise among evergreen tress.
the soda! mind on a regional scale. Material systems are Deep and liquidly glowing black Vril caverns are the cause
. fundamentally V ril transactive systems. Minerals and metals of most eidetic experiences concerned with subterranean
~e Vril projected cascades. caverns which are never found physically.
Detrital products are not V ril system fundamental. Inertial Sensitives locate spatially clustered V ril nodes. Sensitives
technology employs inertial-detritus as a working substance. identify V ril nodes as expansive conscious radiances and
Geometric natural configurations produce exceeding V ril derive eidetic transactions.
eidetic potentials. V ril eidetic transactor designs may use Time is a V ril sensation. and place. There is a sense in
geometric configurations, etchings, carvings, and sculpted which V ril eidetic experience of deep grounds brings with it
forms to dissolve detritus. Natural minerals and metals surge ancient sensations. There is a sense in which spaceward eidetic
and transact with local sensitives. Sensitives and visionaries transactions bring with them futural sensations. Stars may
may be drawn into eidetic translations when ground material themselves be pure V ril projected minerals and metals. The
eidetically surges. deepest foundations which surpass the deepest inertifted earth
Certain sensitives access ground crystals and modulate stratum may be made of pure V ril projected minerals and
eidetic translations to achieve extraordinary actions throughout metals.
a districl In such experiential examinations of our apparent world
Ground appliances must be equipped with inertial eradi- · and its horizontality, we place cardinal axiomatic regard upon

ÆTHERFORCE
eidetic transactions received up through the natwal ground Virtual architecture materializes around the telegraphic
media directly. In this Template of consideration we experi- system represents the emergence ofVril eidetic world transac-
ence the mechanism and structure of the ground itself as tion of swpassing depth. These forms appear crystalline when
device. In accessing these deep consdous earth functions we contacted they alter consdousness Persons who frequent these
rely on knowledge which enables the ground-surface access of sites are themselves transmuted individuals. Gifted with excep-
these very deep quasi-physical strata. tional sensitivities such persons often are the very ones who
In the eidetic world experience the ,appearance of receive Vril revelations and design Vril technologies.
spheridties and inertio-surftdal convolutions {"curved earth, Medieval architects captured somewhat of these crystal-
earth as globe, planets as globes, space as spherical...') are line virtual forms in massive structures of spedal rock. Virtual
often absent and experienUally unimportant. Vril Light is architecture requires little more than proper {minute} material
formative radiance. VrillJght gives eidetic translation among configurations capable of entuning archeforms.
and through Vril Templates. Properly grounded and aligned these bring V ril eidetic
transactions of deepest potentials into a district. Cooperation
VRIL STRUCfURE and respectful regard for ordained Vril points must precede
Arcade, nave, choir, portal, catacomb, transept, t:riforium, such concerted efforts and operations.
arch, crypt, clerestory, chevet, buttress, choir, aisle, vaults, altar The goal of such Vril technology is the powerful elevation
... all the symmetries of GotJU,c Architecture are portrayed in of regional technology.
telegraphic art design. The manner of portrayal is their manner Intelligent devices partake ofVril transactions and appear
ofphysical disposition. Spatial transactions are projected through capable of expressing meanings through their super-radiant
these physical dispositions. Telegraphic stations {often mere transactions. Telegraphic stations often arranged the emer-
shacks in the woods) were enhosted with virtual architecture of gence and transaction of Vril eidetic archeforms. telegraphic
Crystallographic virtual Cathedrals form about telegraphic line stations surrounded their operators in the whole geometry of
anchorages form up from the ground and remain convoluted raised Vril archeforms.
about the aerial connections as virtual architecture. Gothic Repetitive forms manifest throughout vastly diverse tech-
forms of the rectangle {Buckingham). The emergence of nologies. Speciftc archetypic forms permeate and persist con-
corresponding empathic arches (Lockwood). tinuously throughout the historically developing emergence of
We may adopt an even loftier and most fundamental view technologies. We see in several telegraphic and telephonic
of these designs: comparing them· indeed to the andent systems archetypic forms which are drcuit-equivalent of Gothic
symmetries. When this is done an amazing similarity immedi- vaults and buttresses.
ately leaps up at us from the pages of drawings. We may view In most of the designs ofElisha Grey we find the persistent
the designs of the COMPENDIUM as symbolic architectures permeation of Gothic designs and symmetries. Arched circuit
in experiential space: active, effective, and dynamically in- diagrams are not very unlike the detailed profile of an immense
volved in mutating and modulating our consdousness. When Cathedral vault, buttresses, arcades, choirs, and transepts are
we adopt a "hieroglyphic stance" we find in these patents even virtually duplicated in telegraphic designs. Such striking simi-
more astounding symmetries. These (which appear repeatedly larities are direct eidetic transactions of the very deepest sort,
in every Vril design of the andent world} shock our awareness and point with unening accuracy at their parent source. V ril is
into recognizing the space we have discovered and the means the permeating transactor in human affairs. What societies and
for entering it. cultures lose, Vril retains. We are continuously bombarded
Practice seeing the circuit portions as if they were solid with these singular truths among our centuries of faltering
pieces of architecture: the walls, halls, arches, and tunnels developmenl
reminiscent of cathedral structures. This is the Vril functioning The lines along which Gothic Cathedrals were constructed
of !he systems you examine. Do this consistendy with every resemble the lines along which telegraph systems were orga-
system you examine throughout the COMPENDIUM. It is the nized Telegraph lines became most eidetically transactive
only means by which you will grasp the true significance of when conforming with Vril juncture requirements. certain
these archane developments and designs. It is the only means telegraph lines operated entirely without electrical activations.
by which you will comprehend my theme and pwpose Cathedral structures enlarge V ril generated auric compo-
throughout my writings. Taking this Vril view we can easily nents but not V ril itself. Throughout the patent record and the
extinguish the habitual "electrical" reference, in which most annals of archane history we discover the permeating existence
people become confused and entrapped. of forms whose functions reveal this truth. The message of the
Vril virtual structures are exceedingly organic and poly- symbols and geometries which some have received in deepest
crystalline: having a wondrously irregular and dysangular vril contacts reveals the regional archeforms as agendes of
form. power.
In the tunable componentry of telegraphy there was Telegraphy and telephony used such dendritic articulated
realized a means by which tunable virtual transformative threadways, although these were humanly constructed and
enclosures could be structured,m strengthened, maintained, articulated. V ril self-articulates its own patterns and forms in
and frequented without the need of erected material architec- mineral solutions (Kolisko). Vril seU:articulates its own paths
ture at all. .through the ground and in minerals and metals provided for

ÆTHERFORCE
specific V ril transactions. experience extremely heightened vision, consdous extension,
The arch and the pa.rallel plate form permeates and persists synaesthesic sensations, and anomalous energetic reactivities.
throughout history as a spedal V ril eidetic transaction. This Lighthouses are sites where V ril activities can become extreme
form appears in andent architecture of temple sites, Gothic (M.Theroux).
Cathedrals, and in designs perfected by Stubblefield Distal Certain Vrilgrounds are distinctive. Viewing the heavens
grounded arches remain in meaningful correspondence via upon v ril points yields dramatic experience of celestial reali-
Vril transactions. Experiments with arches and yokes of iron ties. Andent observatories were specially placed near V ril point
have proven these forms capable of propelling eidetic transac- altars. Certain places marked sites where Vril contact between
tions along a tightly tunneled experiential path. One "sees ground and stars had been identified and localized. Altars as
through the walls" and travels swiftly along a very tight and Vril contact points are evei}'Where marked in the andent
smooth passage which runs along the ground to a great distance mapworks. Vril altars which were dedicated to specific planets
from the experiential contact point. and stars are historically extant. Vril altars which were dedi-
Vril virtual forms are entuned for their eidetic transactivities cated to speciflc mind states and Vril space qualities are less
alone. The massive structure of Gothic Cathedrals relies upon well recognized. Vril points mark intersections where Vril
geometry to achieve eidetic transaction on a vast scale. The threadways are directed vertically through the stratified appar-
eidetic interplay and transactions ofVril worlds amid materio- ent worldlt is possible to construct shared vision space where
resonant cavities, sinuses, chambers, vaults, arches, halJs, Vril threads import bilocational experience to a fixed number
shafts, crypts, ribbings vastly exceeds the eidetic potential of of exposed persons.
free space. Vril-conductive labyrinthine arrays are necessary to In these temple spaces it may be necessary to enclose a
specific Vril transactions. spedal number of persons. The use of pattern-engraved plates
Nothingness is the Vril all-possible. Nothingness lies be- of grounded metal serve as communicators.Deep ground Vril
yond the insensate. Vril generates from nothingness. Vril channels require deep preparations and excessive technolo-
generates and sustains environments. Differences in natural gies. Gothic crypts and grottoes were attempts toward the use
eidetic experience produce cultural differences. Difference in ofVril deep channels. Locating and modulating the Vril Prime
national consdousness are the result of forgetting andent Vril Axis was the ultimate desire of Cathedral builders and opera-
technologies. tors.
The natural consdousness of separate regions and districts Vril channels were singular and spedftcally branched
proceeded apart through time. Spedftc regions fell into speciflc when all matter was made in fixed sectors. The removal of
inertial conditions as a result of increasing ignorance concern- materials from parent bodies shears and separates Vril chan-
ing Vril technology. Differences in such natural consdousness nels into fine support threads. Such generative and supportive
have separated nations and are responsible for the sodal Vril threads proceed from metaphysically depths and are
discord within and among nations. Inertialized and rigidified maintained in deeper V ril eidetics.
conditions continue to densify in the absence of corporate Vril differentiations occur along conduction paths. V ril
efforts to dissolve the true enemy. Inertialized intelligence differentiations produce vast potentials despite initial Vril
perceives Vril power to be "weak and mystically ineffective". intensities. Vril reaction requires eidetic node configurations.
Vril technology raises consdous potentials by merging and Vitality of immense degree results when small intense Vril
transmuting regional eidetic experience through dimensional transactions are directed Such isolated intense reactions nee-
translation of archeforms into a region. Systems of education, essarily involve the very ground and space together when so
bureaucracy, geopolitics, finance, are incapable of raising directed.
human consdousness. Vril technology opens the human con- Vril dence is entirely based upon humanly valuable
sdous potentials by exposing regions to fundamental V ril experience. Vrilsdence subjectiftes the objective. Deep ground
eiaetic archeforms. Civilization depends upon Vril eidetic Vril channels require deep preparations and excessive tech-
transactions for consdous expansions. nologies. Gothic crypts and grottoes were attempts toward the
, V ril art and Vril technology are one and the same. V ril Art use of V ril deep channels. Locating and modulating the V ril
transforms the unsuspecting beholder through eidetic transac- Prime Axis was the ultimate desire of Cathedral builders and
tions. Vril Art effects regional changes on unsuspecting inhab- operators.
itants when properly aligned and configured. V ril channels were singular and speciflcally branched
V ril eidetic transactions of archeforms can be conducted when all matter was made in fixed sectors. The removal of
through spedal geometric configurations. Vril transmutations materials from parent bodies shears and separates Vril chan-
do take place through such forms. Such Vril transmutations nels into fine support threads. Such generative and supportive
effect whole regions permanently. Operators who effect such Vril threads proceed from metaphysically depths and are
regional transmutations have been rarely known. the changes maintained in deeper Vril eidetics. Vril Templates explain the
which they have secretly effected remain. mutual permeation, interdependence, and independence of
Towers are aerial batteries which act as aerial V ril anodes soecific and distinct V ril frames.
and cathodes. These design forms link ground V ril with other - There are nodes, junctures, and points in which several
space. Vril extends upward through these components into Vril Templates meet and coalesce. These are extraordinary
other space directly. Human operators within such designs .. and special po~ts. Specific thread traces become maddening

ÆTHERFORCE
 to sentient beings. Specific materials provide conductive paths aerial V ril distribution to achieve long range telegraphy without
which relate among the eidetics. Consdousness is experienced wires or power sources. Ancient Vril eidetic technology em-
in staged V ril Eidetics. Vril virtual tuners focus V ril transactive ployed natural stone gaps, grottoes, caverns, mountain escarp-
presence. Vril virtual forms are entuned by special designs. Vril ments and other natural sites where Vril junctures could be
virtual forms define eidetic content and experience. The approached and entered. Powerful engagement of eidetic
entunement of V ril virtual forms does not require physical worlds bring regional transmelding power into the operator's
structure. Vril virtual forms are experlence.d amid spedal reach.
tuning assemblages in the absence of physical structure. Vril eidetic world threads project through generated
V ril dendritic distributions fractures the inertial space. V ril mineraJs and metals. MineraJs and metals are Vril projected.
fractures persist in all physical and metaphysical directions. Material configurations (architecture} effect powerfully specific
Eidetic upon Eidetic the worlds ofVril archeforms are experi- viscera-eidetic transactions.
enced. Vril generates and sustains matter. Vril Eidetics build Each region reveals specific eidetic world surges. Each
upon each other with stages of eidetic contents and consdous- region is suffused in specific archeforms which determine
ness. V ril enters all materials .in higher transactive eidetics. V ril eidetic transactions and recepUvities.
self-inflects and self:.permutes. Metaforms and archeforms eidetically translate into sur-
Vril experience is mostly insensate in quality. Vril experi- roundings when properly engaged through eidetic nodes.
ence begins when the human organism contacts eidetic trans- Metaforms and archetypes alter local consdousness and permit
actions. Eidetic transactions project insensate vrll threads open~ed eidetic experience among pluralities of unsuspect-
through space. The human organism does not immediately ing partidpants. Archeforms and metaforms penetrate and
perceive insensate Vril threads. Vril vision proceeds in staged transmute inertial experiential spaces. Metaforms eidetically
sequences. We are drawn into sudden holistic realizations of maintain their content irregardless of position and sensitivity.
V ril presence. V ril regions are known by their specific eidetically projec-
Cathedrals magnify visceral experiences in excess. Spe- tive archeforms. Archeforms in specific Vril districts and
cific Cathedral points release the eidetic contents. These were regions are everywhere evident. Vril technology enhances
reserved for the adepts and operators of the site. Eidetic awareness through eidetic trans. The transaltion ofVril eidetic
imagery and receptions were arranged en masse when specific archeforms into the inertial environment proves to have exces-
musical harmonics are sung. Musical tones stimulate the mass sive power in the elevation of soda! consdousness.
receipt of a singular consdousness. Archeform translations via material configurations repre-
Nothingness is a potential ftlled with sensation. Vril gener- sents the first step toward the develoment of superior mental
ates being out of nothingness. V ril etched contact plates are states, social levels, and the production of spedal minerals and
hieroglyphically articulated. Sensitives envision {in these espe- metals. The impressment ofVril Archeforms through regions
dally activated designs} whole forms and meanings of a runic via Vril devices impresses these eidetic experiences on inhab-
nature. V ril self-articulates in aerial-ground transitions and in itants for purposes of increasing sensate experience while
material contact assemblages. Eidetic imagery is the fundamen- raising and modulating consdousness.
tal activity of minerals and metals and material configurations. Geometrically configured mineraJs and metals develop
Most human potentials find expression via V ril technol- modifted V ril viscera-eidetic potentials. Each region is typifted
ogy. by specific natural archeform: a geology. Geological spedes,
All technological components fundamentally operate in Vril alignments, and eidetic transactions.
V ril conductive modes. The naturally construction of early Among the many experiential regions there exist more
technologies represent intuitive made strong-Vril partidpa- highly preferred regions. A region is an experiential holism of
tions. Art is fundamentally Vrillic. Design is fundamentally specific content and attribute.
Vrillic. Mathematical code and symbology is inertial. Regional experiential boundaries are sensed by sensitives.
Arches interconnect Vril ground concentrations. These Such sensitivities prove to defy national boundaries. V ril
·provide excessive power within CathedraJs. V ril is conducted regions are mappable and possessed of boundaries which are
ulto, across, and down through large stone arcades. The self-determined.
interconnection of local V ril points raises specific archeforms. The architecture historically developed in each region is
Archeforms raise consdousness into rigorously stabilized states. V ril archeform specific, and delivers organismic ease of trans-
V ril point interconnections are not always quadri-rectangular in action for the eidetic worlds speciftc to each region. Archituro-
orientation. It is not proper to impose pre-conceived design geometric configurations determine eidetic integrity and eideti-
ordinances upon the V ril natural environment. organismic regional transactions.
Inverted arches interconnect aerial Vril points. Outer roof District V ril alignments reveal powerful permeative
ornamentation of Gothic CathedraJs are always provided with connectivities with ground geology and space-configurations.
aerial terminals. Aerial terminals connect V ril threads with Stars and planets transact potent V ril streams of eidetically rich
aerial dendrites. Arch conducted V ril passes through these content. Minerals and metals correspond with stars and planets
conductors and can reach out into space if the energy so intend. because they become the means in which specific stars and
Arch roof construction is provided with aerial connective planets may be eidetically experienced. Holding various metal
terminals. Dr.Mahlon Loomis raised siiililar forms into the staves aloft will entune each specific star and planet into a

ÆTHERFORCE
 powerful eidetic experience. V ril Eidetic transactions are V ril discharge sites. V ril
The eidetic worlds are set and fixed among their numbers. eidetic transactions are released near V ril inflections. Eidetic
Though the detrital hills may dissolve yet these Vril World transactions signal the emergence of Vril permutations. V ril
mountains and peaks remain. Archeforms and aystallographic permutations reveal unexpected powers, qualities, and at-
pyramidals are the peaks of vast Vril topographies which are tributes in conscious space. manifest their attributes at the
viscera-eidetic and whose foundations are timelessly ancient. ground surface in speciftc points. These points contain insen-
This topography is quasi-material. This topography connects sate Vril threads which generate sensate eidetic manifestations.
with the stars. Insensate Vril threads may emerge from the deep ground
The emplacement of componentry in Vril threadworks or from deep space. White raysheaths are Vril trails in the
releases exceptional eidetic trans. Most material configurations dissolving inertia. Vril megalithic stations required no attention
engage V ril experiential eidetics at the ground surface. Vril through the centuries. Archaic Vril technology was spedflcally
capacitors of rock and cut stone act as simple transactors. The activated and entuned by a group of sensitives who possessed
most fundamental vril eidetic transactions are ideational, reve- the artifices of activation. Megalithic stations did not remain
latory, metaphysical, and symbological. These eidetic transac· dormant in the absence of their operators through time.
tion emerge from the deepest hierarchic eidetic worlds. Vril generates and sustains the experiential universe. Vril
The content and experience of eidetic worlds transmutes dendrittcally distributes itself throughout the experiential uni·
in time. Minerals and metals exist in conscious states. Vril verse. The Vril dendritic network permeates all spaces. Vril is
transactions are meaningful to recipient minerals and metals. distributed in all dendritic directions. V ril projects through the
Space levels, tenninals, and componentry are composed of ground surface at ordained points. Vril vertical points are
V ril solids. Archeforms are hierarchic Vril structures. Vril numerous. Vril vertical points are distributed across the ground
requires conduits, materials, and proper alignments for its of each Vril region.
proper utilization. Metal plates through which Vril transacts Vril regions are characterlzed by speciftc attributes and
become Vril engraved hieroglyphs of superlative mystery. archeforms. Archeforms stimulate and elevate the human
Human organismic interactions with such designs release organism into spedal conscious Vril Eidetics. The human mind
revelational experience of highest degree. and experience tlnds firmament within these Vril Eidetics. Vril
Material configurations (architecture) effect powerfully Eidetics are structured in hierarchic relationships. Vril Eidetics
speciftc viscera-eidetic transactions. Each region reveals spe- mutually inteipermeate and suffuse. Greater degrees of vision
ciftc eidetic world surges. Each region is suffused in speciftc are found in more fundamental permeations. Deeper funda-
archeforms which determine eidetic transactions and mental Vril Eidetics grant greater experience. Vril archeforms
receptivities. each frame specifically transactive thought structures. Vril
At the glowing center of the regional Vril archeforms archeforms are each the foundations of specific awareness.
(aystallographic pyramidals) is found a special black pool of Each Vril archeform relays transitions to the related adjacent
generative Vril: the exceptional presence desired by each living archeform structure.
sentient being. The universe is structured through the metaphysical Vril
V ril inflections in deep space or deep ground channels presence. Consciousness permeates all materials to speciftc
generate transactive eidetic projections. Space is a Vrikien- given range and depth. The human consciousness is a partial
dritic mass. The ground surface is traversed with horizontal and interception of space-distributed Vril consciousness. Human
vertical V ril threads. Sentient experience is derived in and conscious stage may be entuned in greater V ril transactive
among these Vril-ganglial interconnections. spaces. Spaces are Vril generated eidetic transactions. Black
V ril inflection sites release eidetic transactions. Such sites glowing spaces are V ril ultimate densifications.
become Vril thread connections through human aid. V ril Vril Eidetics may be entuned through appropriate material
teChnology is participation with Vril itself. Human agency artifice. These artifices are most potent when effectively con-
cooperates and co-structures with Vril intent. Vril responds to nected into V ril active points. V ril active points may be in aerial
· 1\uman need. Vril generates and sustains human conscious. space or dense ground. Vril Technologies are most effective
n:ess. when interconnecting available V ril points. V ril Technology
Vril points release spedal permutative and generative has located deep V ril causeways. V ril Technology make use of
powers. V ril power is released to human benefit when properly available ground-surface Vril points and threadways.
detected and joined to appropriate artifice. Cooperation be- Consciousness is drawn into deepest Vril filaments of
tween human agency and V ril generates civilization. exceptional potency. Vril consciousness unifies all sentient
Vril activations are achieved through Vril Technology. participants into these loci. Experience of these potent V ril
Vril Technological artifices are driven into V ril active points. filamentary causeways is translatory. During such Vril coiTe-
Access to V ril points releases V ril to the needs of the surface. spondence local apparent realities vanish. V ril entunement is
Vril eidetic transactions are experiential spaces. The glowing achieved through material artifice.
black Vril eidetic node is the fundamental conscious state. Conscious entunement effectively raises local and per-
There are endless V ril Eidetics in the black glowing V ril eidetic sonal awareness. Consciousness displays transactive levels in
transactions. Black glowing spaces are the ultimate resonant space. Consciousness displays transactive terminals in space.
Vril nodes. . Consciousness, displays transactive componentry in space.

ÆTHERFORCE
 Regions of ground co-relate through deep Vril Eidetics. Technology elevates cultures beyond historically recorded
Regions transactive with one another as V ril maintains self- levels of attainment. V ril Technology supports new cultural
generative potentials. Civilization requires the Vril presence for stages of attainment. Civilization falls when Vrll Technology is
eidetic vision and cultural theme. Life processes rely upon V rll neglected.
activity above ground. The surface of the earth has become V ril is the working substance of consciousn~anding
highly inertial.ized. V rll conductivities at the surface do not Technology. Submerged V ril must be raised from the depths.
reach potential intensities required for sustaining life and meta- Vrll threadways must be joined to the surface. Vril threadways
cognitive processes. must be provided with terminals and communicative artifice in
Ancient technology partly answered this need. The mega- the service of civilization. Ancient Vrll systems and technolo-
lithic system was a Vrll inspired response to the demand for gies demonstrated their power and adequacy toward conscious
increasing the meta-cognitive potentials of emerging societies. elevations.
The desire for increased potentials of Vril vision and eidetic Legend mentions the realities of the archaic Vrll T echnol-
content resulted in the massive construction projects respon- ogy. Mythologies recount the true history ofVrll Technology
sible for megaliths. and involvements with it. Incursions of spiritual warfare, of
Megaliths were ideally suited for Vrll system survival strange creatures and beasts, of magickal Vrll artifice, and
across the centuries. Megaliths are massive, irrepressible, able mysterious meta-dimensional transportations resulted from the
to withstand conquests and climactic change, and require little improper use and unattended operation ofVrll Technology.
attention for their activation. Megaliths are incomplete in their The European Cathedral System was the last great pan-
present form. Megaliths required spedal ancillary devices· for regional expression of Vrll Technology. Secrets of its true
theirentunementand operation. Wedonotsee these entunement organJzation, purpose, and operation remain the coveted secret
designs in their intended place. of a few individuals. Those who frequent the Cathedrals do not
Megaliths provided conscious communion with V rll. suspect the true power contained and transduced through the
Megaliths provided empathic inter-communion among se- sites themselves. Communing with Vrll brings expanded
lected memben of the sensitives. Megaliths employed specially consciousness and ability.
engraved metallic plates and gem-studded artifices as empathic Natural configurations exhibit conscious eidetic conduc-
transceivers. These devices were guarded closely by the tivities. Minerals and metals such as striated gneiss, wood and
hierarchy who held the secrets. striated stone behave as semi-intelligent presences. Devices,
These empathic modulators and eidetic imaging plates minerals and metals, and configurations which partake ofVrll
were artifices made through rare alchemical process to achieve eidetic transaction behave as quasi-organismic personae.
and maintain regional and inter-regional Vrll Eidetics. Equally Cathedrals are designed upon Vril-active groundpoints.
precious designs were employed for the initiation ofVrll activity Cathedrals alter the Vrll activity of entire regions. Learning
among the terminals and stations of the archaic network. The occurs in cathedrals as holistic Vrll Eidetics of shaped space.
use of costly jewel-encrusted ground rods brought Vril the Vrll revelations are experienced as sequences of conscious
required surface potentials. eidetics. Eidetics are space distributed. Eidetics generate
The megalithic systems maintains its spontaneous activa- archeforms.
tions ofsurface conditions. These activities have been severely V rll passageways open experience to higher Vrll Etdetics.
hampered through lack of control The Megalithic system often V rll passageways diverge along multiple threadways. Vril
displays wild and erratic influence on surface conditions across threadways emerge from ground and traverse space. Vril
large regions ofground. Weather conditions and disruptions of threadways permit the extraordinary experience of sensation.
consciousness are often experienced near and around the Stars appear unnaturally brilliant when viewed along speciftc
rocks. The forgotten means for initiating and entuning the Vrll-active grounds.
syStem are lost. Inertial space distort experience. Inertial space distort V ril
The Megalithic V rll System is the last surviving remnant of forms and intent. Inertial space are dead and resistive to Vril
the archaic technology. Surface conditions of nations have permeations. Inertial space remove sensation and being. Our
been severely altered through inertial technology. Industrial world has been permeated with inertial space.
advancements have tom up the ground so much that V ril Each substance has eidetic content. Configured together
surface communications have been drastically reduced. In they release strange and unexpected reactivities. Vril reactivities
some cases Vrll activity has been removed entirely. must be subjectively experienced. Vrll generates electrical
V rll communicates within its own channels. V rll internal detritus as a last stage of manifestation. V ril is the immense
responses are observed in certain locales. These responses, power which is not utilized by humanity in this century. Vril is
surges, and local vivifications of surficial ground are furtive. the civilizing power. Vril aggravates inertial polarizations when
Rarely observed are the strong and overwhelming Vrll surges impacting and penetrating inertial space.
required to raise regional consciousness. The loss of intema- .Archeforms express the innate Vrll forms which generate
tiona! harmony, cultural theme, personal guidance, and con- and sustain each speciftc region of ground. Grounds and
scious integrity are the chief results ofVrll surface withdrawal. regions differ in aspect and attribute. Vril Eidetics reveal
V ril generates and maintains expanded consciousness. conscious stages and levels which transect inertial space.
V ril accelerates cultural progress beyond expected range. V ril .. Human experi~nce and consciousness tunnels through Vril

ÆTHERFORCE
Eidetics. Human consciousness cannot tunnel through inertial terranean heat is not developed as a result of radioactive
space. V ril transactive devices enable human consciousness to minerals and metals seems indicated.
rise through successive stages of awareness. Do transmutations of minerals and metals occur in subter-
The entire race of humanity has not successfully risen ranean depths with quiet and routine earth dynamics? Are the
through all the V ril stages. These successions of transactive metals of earth undergoing a constant regeneration and trans-
achievement do not rely upon race, creed, color, or any other mutation? Those who exercise their discernment agree that
inertial boundary which limits humanity. There are in each these effects are occurring constantly in the subterranean
group and tribe of humanity excellent examples ofthose whose chambem beneath..
initiation and progress in Vrll Eidetics stands as legend. Vrll is We also need to realize that the persistent (inertially
generative energy. V rll generates genetics and environments. measured) "evolution ofheat" from the earth is indication of an
V ril corrects material genetic defects and raises the minds of anomalous presence. Potentials for developinganewalchymycal
those who allow its passage. science is inevitable among us. In meta-terrestrial dimensions
we are often found dreaming: thrust there through the Vril
SUBTERRANEAN HAILS power which guides our thoughts. The potential for compre-
Telegraphy was a grounded system. Both aerial and hending the V ril communications system is here.
subterranean cablerywas developed. Telegraphic aerials traus- Vril threads become especially sensate and active in stone
~d aerial Vrll matrices of junctures and nodes. Aerial wall cavities, crevices, faultlines, and ground scars. Enezgies
telegraphic tenninals were V ril suffused through groundplate acoustic, magnetic, and electric do not thoroughly penetrate
contacts. Telegraphic cables passed through Vril concentra- the body. Vril threads thoroughly penetrate the body. Uttered
tions, junctures, and nodes to transact meaningful supply with organismic sounds evoke sudden V ril symmetrizations which
terminal stations and main exchange offices. Telegraphic and linger in the environment V ril surges also evoke the human
telephonic systems became quasi-organic entities through V ril organism to emit "power vowels": those most primitive and
enhosting presence. elemental vowel utterances.
Telegraphic lines became the available means through Ground cracks in rock and stone are capable of transacting
which the Vrll worlds were constantly maintaining strong powerful eidetic messages when approached at speciftc dis-
eidetic dialogue with inhabitants of each district. Telegraphy tances. Plural participants suddenly conversationally polarlze
curiously resembles Romanesque and not Gothic until a much when near such features. It is not difBcult to imagine why
later period. ancient sensitive often sought such places out for receptivity:
Vril enexgies are found deep in the earth where they arc gaps emanate such Vril transactions.
across Vril chambers. There V ril sensitives and adept operatom The need for excessive articulations of code is eradicated
of exceptional strength seek spedal audiences with subterra- through V ril modulations. Vril designs its own hieroglyphs.
nean Vrtl eidetic worlds. Excavation of the aystal ground Eidetic contents are directly transmitted to recipients through
componentry is devastating in unrecognized relational regions. V ril articulated designs. V ril culture consists in absorbing and
Nothing can harm the deepest Vril causeways. Excava- communing with pure Vril eidetic contents.
tions of metal ores, mineral deposits, and aystal caverns has V ril generates rocky matter and the immense pressures
wrought immeasurable damage to districts in unknown con- which spilt rock. V ril contains the motive strength of the
scious foundations. Telegraphy displays numerous Gothic univeme. V rilgenerates pure heat and cold. Deep V ril channels
features in its designs. Stained glass windows (Delaney). The are vibranl V ril deep channels demonstrate sudden move-
apse with tunable coil-transactor (Buckingham). The choir loft ments which may be felt throughout the organism.
(Field). Notre Dame in profile (Nicholson). V ril threads arc and discharge through buried telegraphic
~ The thought of the earth-machine stirs our hearts and and telephonic line conduits, across and through tunnels, and
minds to lofty heights. Through this comprehensive archetype humanly arranged roads. While haphazard construction often
we, glimpse the function and purpose of each mineral deposit deranges and disrupts natural V ril threadways, human artifice
in far deeper terms than as ordinary resources. Through this and misled intentions can never harm inaccessibly deep V ril
sweeping view we undemtand that the world is a functioning Causeways.
transducer... of powem we have yet to comprehend or appreci- Striations and capillary laminations effect powerful V ril
ate. Most likely these functions literally involve our own eidetic trans. Careful examination of buried telegraphic and
consciousness and being in ways we have never begun to telephonic conduits (as well as aerial telegraphic and telephonic
imagine. arrays) reveals the intuitive denclrito-organismic configurations
Comprehending the specific placements (of mineral de- which merged well with natural V ril threadways.
posits, crystal caverns, and metal lodes) demands deeper study. Railroad tracks appear to "swim" before the eyes when-
The enunciation of questions is demanded by the presence and ever Vril transactions surge in them. One may watch iron rails
activity of these immense powem. Their formation and place- shudder with the sudden and spontaneous procession of rail-
ment was a crystallized correspondence to a pre-existent traversing "brightenings". These V ril transactions drag the eye
pattern. How were these minerals and metals crystallized along in visceral correspondence. Such surges pass up and
directly from space? Serious re-examination of geological down the rails in rapid successions and may pass back and forth
principles is necessitated. Comprehending that observed sub- ·in irregular numerical sequences. They usually precede the

ÆTHERFORCE
appearance of an approaching train. The elevation ofregional consdousness is a primary goal ofVril
Eidetic transactions occur train rails and telegraphic lines Technology.
alike. Each terminal of multi-locational potential. V ril eidetic Vril eidetic topographies are perceived by Vril visionaries,
transaction are effortlessly conveyed along the iron paths of and are entuned through devices made by visionaries. Sharing
each system and are especially transacted at terminal stations. and discussing eidetic experiences make these worlds con-
Terminal stations (train, telegraphic, telephonic, and radio) are cretely cultural. Spedal regard must be given when eidetic
exceptional transactive sites for bilocational experience. open-eyed experiences intensify the appearance of objects.
!tis not uncommon to sense distant dties at these very sites, Eidetic experiences often reveal a speciflc neighborhood
receiving eidetic experiences while walking about a major place or juncture. Such places are Vril notable points and must
railroad station. It is not uncommon to receive bilocational be visited for further research. When there, one must perlorm
experiences while walking about a telephone exchange termi- experiments designed to allow open-eyed eidetic transactions.
nal or radio tower. Portions of the eidetic environment which overwhelm must be
V ril threadways in the ground aeate black vividness. noted. These represent items which are distinct in the V ril
Overlying objects and organisms become strongly enlivened eidetic world.
and visually sharpened. Vril engaged objects become quasi- Future Vril technology must be sensitively surrendered to
organismic and semi-intelligent. Dream-deep visions and such the ordained pre-existent Vril causeways, channels, and junc-
eidetic experiences emerge spontaneously from the Vel}' deep- tures. Imposed and improper trans-connections must be avoided
est ground strata where Vril Causeways are vibrant and potent. should powerful pure Vril engagement be our desired quest.
Deepest Vril Causeways are dangerous and must never be Amerindians perceived the growing threat to natural
touched by frail humanity. These have been ordained and vitality which certain telegraphic lines inertially projected.•. and
placed out of reach. Insensate Vril Causeways flood and criss- tore them down. The Amerindian use of totems and totem
cross the upper spaces. Corresponding transactions occur systems strangely miirors the inertial system called telegraphy.
among Vril Templates. Vril projects ground... but ground also Blocks of granular substances gradually become V ril
inflects V ril. conductive. Buried matter is Vril suffused. Houses and other
Material configurations do re-determine Vril transactivity enclosures become permanently polarized to conduct Vril
in a region because of the tenninus opened to our world by through time. Speciftc material configurations and enclosures
deliberate ordination. The human ability is the re-configura- grantspeciftc Vril eidetic transactions. Vril operators and their
tional ability. We can and do alter natural configurations. Our apparatus permanently alter Vril distributions in enclosures.
previous blind efforts have their true source as Vril intuitions V ril devices fluoresce in eidetic images and experiences.
with the ultimate goal of realizig a grand unified Vril technol- Certain material configurations require resonant distances for
ogy. eidetic transactions. Such transactions occur in absence of
V ril is our being. V ril is ground concentrated and ground physical contact and are prized. V ril correspondence between
projected. Experience is Vril referenced. Gothic Cathedrals ground threads and aerial threads are implied. It is difficult to
evidence awareness of V ril transactivities. Gothic Arches are track the flow ofVril threads during eidetic experiences. Eidetic
supplied with external projections to permit transactions with experiences are overwhelming and highly prized: they are the
insensate Vril threadways. humanly valuable elements.
Black wavery lines signal the presence of insensate Vril Mere observation of V ril thread activities and dynamics
transactions. Such wavery lines are inertial dissolutions and does not sufBce our Sdence. Vril thread dynamics and Vril-
create disturbing effects. This is apparent near faultlines and motive articulations express mysterious significations and un-
earth scars. They are often confused with heat waves and are known patterns. While absorbed in a speciflc eidetic experi-
found throughout the natural environment in a great many ence others may observe entirely misunderstood V ril thread
material configurations (Blondlot, Reich). Though often pro- motions in that volume of experiential space. V ril synergisms
ducingviscero-sensate heat, objects and faultlines transact such which bear no comprehendible relationship to an eidetic
· manifestations
, and are cold to the touch. experience may be observed while others are engaging eidetic
Various suspended minerals and metals align themselves experience.
amid the V ril active matrix. Different minerals and metals reach V ril eidetic experiences and perceptions of celestial space
different rest-alignments. Sounds also achieve self-directional- occurs upon speciftc tracts of land. Eidetic transaction from
ity in the V ril matrix. Specific tones are observed to assume stellar configurations to speciflc ground points is historical.
specific paths and patterns in viscera-experiential space. Such Eidetic experiences with opened eyes explains the true quest
self-articulation and self-directionality is the V ril transactive and achievements of ancient astronomers whose eidetic com-
attribute, observed in all Vril communications systems. munion with stars and planets surpasses the mere surftdal
The environment may be toned by the use of appropriate inertial examination of those objects. These sites also explain
V rillic transactors. Excessive inertial concentration brings de- the true quest for surpassing communication systems toward
pression and inappropriate behavior patterns. Regional Vril which early wireless discoverer were reaching.
ground modulations heals away inertial rigidiftcations in a Exceedingly deep Vril channels are humanly reached in
region. This occurs natural during eidetic world surges. V ril natural settings {caverns, grottoes, canyons, ravines, natural
technology does effect regional changes on behavior patterns. . wells). The crn>ts which lie beneath Cathedrals (Romanesque

ÆTHERFORCE
and Gothic) pennitted deep V ril channel access to specifically foundations of consdous experience. Vril is meaning.
adept individua1s. V ril is transmaterial. V ril is transactional V ril Spatially distributed Vril threadways and their nodes and
transports experience beyond the apparent surroundings: junctures may be mapped We may track ground swface vril
translating its redpients into vastly deep and variegated eidetic lines with ease when sensitive to visceral sensations and wges.
impedes topographies. Sensitives may use spedal iron rods to help focus and sense the
Regional permeating Vril impulses alter states of matter, abdominal reflexes which guide discovery of district V ril
organismic and consdous states simultaneously. Impressions alignments.
which begin as pre-imaginations and semi-sensate intuitions The massive pyramidal aystalloforms which appear to
begin to emerge as eidetic transactions. These very deepest of emanate from ground, ridge, hill, and mountain points, con-
Vril ~actions are highly rhythmic and complex in their verge upon mysterious aerial foci. Such foci as emanate a
messaging!. Like the rhythms inherent in speech, these expres- mysterious warm and luminous radiance are sometimes ob-
sions of mysterious significations are not audibly heard but served on cloudy days.
become states of being. Human attentions are often drawn into these aerial Vril
Great inertial accumulations are consistently found at nodes.
spedftc locales. We find these detrital accumulations near V ril threads arc aaoss natural gaps and canyons, grottoes,
spedftc regions devoid of ore, mineral, and aystalline rock aypts, and vaults. Sensitives intuitively desire enay into such
substructures. Alchymycal runes were derived from eidetic highly eidetic transactive volumes of space. Virtual aystallo-
experiences of the deepest sort. Vril is the civilizing power. Vrll graphic manifestations endrawn Vrll sensitives.
projects, generates, and sustains matter and is the immense There minds experience the very deepest among the
power which splits matter apart eidetic transactions. V ril causeways can never be disrupted
Alchymycal runes were derived eidetically through Vril Vril generated ground-aystallography has been disrupted
extreme transactions. These are found deep in the earth. When The removal of ores and aystal caverns through blasting has
engraved, structured, or embodied in sculpted material form brought ruin to yet unrecognized portions of the regional
such runes become the means through which extraordinary ground hegemony. Artifldal vascular conduits and matter-
holistic knowledge is communicated to us. Such symbols and articulated ganglia formed the telegraphic cable arts. Mapped
runes are conduits which directly stimulate transactions in the Vril threadways maintain their position throughout history.
human Vril sensory system. Dreams and imaginations are distortions ofreal Vril eidetic
Sodally significant dynamics message to us through such experience. Vrll threadways form dreamlines. The fixed align-
forms when V ril activated. Such receptions make and elevate ments and positional rigor which Vril eidetic world display
civilization. A1J we progress toward eideti-holistic gifts we demands reinvestigation of heliocentric models and all inertial
discover that sdentiftc method becomes inaeastng less effec- cosmogenies.
tive as a valuable commodity by which to plumb the true

ÆTHERFORCE
 SECTION
2-

VRIL
.RECEIVERS

ÆTHERFORCE
 .....

(640) Mr. Alexander Bain (in whose behalf Mr. FinJaison's pamphlet
~~~.-..~was written,) has considembly distinguished himself by liis ingenious
applications of Electricity to pl'3Ctical purposes. Some of the facts
~~.which he bas described relative to the e:uth as a conductor and perma-
:::p!IIC:l.....-.~a 9 nen-t genemtor of voltaic Electricity arc new, and not unlikely to be or
importance in a pmctical point of view. Whilst prosecuting some
experiments with an electro-magnetic so_UDding appamtus, in tbe year
1841, it was found that i£ the conducting wires were not perlectly in-
.,...,~. "-ii':...~l!o-4 sulated froo;1 the water in which they were immersed 1 the attmctive power
of the electro-magnet did not entirely cease when the circuit was broken•
.......
~~
-'""-.... ~-- ; 'Vith a view or ascertaining the true =use of tho phenomenon, 1Ir. Dain,
in conjunction with Lieutenant Wright, mooe a series or experiments on
the Serpentine river fn Hyde Park, and after verifying their f'ormer ob-
servations relative to the remnant of power in the clcctro-mngnet when~-.~..... ~-~--~--;.,.
contact with the battery was broken, the electro-magnet being on one •
side of the river, and the battery on the other, the wires passing tl&roU!JA il
the river; and after making other experiments, in which the water and _,.:......-:~tl!.
the moist earth f~nned part of the circuit, and wire the remainder, it ""'"""'~.:Wiill!'li'':Jil'":".f'
occurred to Mr. Dain, that it a positive metal were Attached to one end ·---...Jill ....
~~Ilia of' tho conducting wire, and a ne~tivc metal to tho otiler, ~nd ir the
----··-·two metals were then placed in water, or buried in the moist earth .:.--...--.;t.~~~~""•.::
while the connecting wire was properly insulated, a current might be ..:-.,Ml~W:o~-.
generated. This was f'ound to be the case, for when a large surface --.--..~._, ra..:--~:;:;"'1 ~;t....~~~--...::~.o~
coppu was placed within Kensington Gardens at the one end of the
river, and within Hyde Park at the other end, a similar surface __ ... ~-~·· ...
and the metals connected by a ~;rc, in the circuit of which
was a galvanometer, a current of' considerable intensity was found
to be p:LSSing. The experiment was next tried on a more extend- ~~~)~~IC!~~
ed plan; a sur(ace of zinc wns buried in the moist earth of Hyde ~ . ~':DIC::~B;a
Park, and at rnther more than a mile dutatzl, a surf.'lce of copper was
buried, and tho met.'\1:5 were connected by a wire suspended on tho
milings; whgu the pl:~otcs were large, 1\Ir. Dnin not only obta.incd tue~-~-~~~"f..-.··-
. usual electro-magnetic efFects in a.n enltanccd degree, but also succeeded
in tho performance or electrotype operations; for in the course of a fe\V ----~~~!!~§~~:~;~
minutes he coated a l1alf-crowu with copper. Subsequent experiments
l1ave shown him that it the metals are thus buried, and cOilnectiJlJ:ri~~~~~
wires are employed, electrotype depositions nt:~oy be effected, and electro-. ~~~~~~'..;i..l
maguetic apparatus worJ,ed for a grcnt length of time. ~-.;;;:::;;;::::::.;~~
(641) llr. Dain has p:~.tented scver:ll applica-tions or Electricity to
useful purposes, amongst others :~on electro-magnetic println9 telegraph,
which, in July 1841, \V:lS exhibited and lectured on at the Polytechnic
Institution, and an electro-magnetic clock, which was exhibited and
on in liarch ol the same year : both of these instruments

ÆTHERFORCE
 , ·.··· -.· ...
~·.

. ~4 1~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~ evince a very superior dcgrco of ingenuity on tho ·part of tho inventor.
The printing telegraph (for a full description and engraving of which we
--..~-·-.must refer to Mr. Finlaison•s pamphlet) consists of three principal
pa.rts. First, the rotatory motion given to the type wheel, step :ntor
step like the seconds hand of a clock until the required letter arrives
opposite the papur. This motion, :&Ir. Bain bas since superseded by a ...,.,..~t'l1~··~r~ft':l•rw-L-.~·~
continuous unifonn motion regulated by centrifugal force. S~condly,
~~.l:""!ijiit"~~--·~
the means of inking the types, or otherwise makmg permanent tho Jt~-WI~~~~~~~~
imprint of the type upon the paper. Thirdly, the motion communi-·
"71~~' 'lllillt cated to the paper so as to bring a fresh surface under the types and
receive the printed intelligence in a continuous spiral line, until the
paper~ filled; thus producing in print, precisely as in tho pages of a
book, tho letters composing t.ho message. A peculiar feature in l:Ir. 1~~~~~~~~~~
Dain's tclegmph, and ouc in which it differs from all others, is tho sub-
stitution of u;irs coila freely suspended on centres for electro-magnets;
these coils, within and in the vicinity of which, are fixed powerful
permanent magnets are deflected as long as the electrical current is '\;l~!!!l":~~
~~~t passing through them, but when the electric current is broken they are
drawn upw~ by the force of spiral springs·;· levers are. rele:1Sed, and
tho mnchinery of the telegraph ,,·orked by mainsprings, are left free to_,.__,_...._
rotate. Tho only oot.tery proposed to bo employed by Mr. Dain is a ~:l.ti~~
pair of copper nnd zinc plates, one of which is to be buried in the
earth at one station, :md the other at the distant station, where thero is
to be a telegraph the exnct counterpart of the first, nnd with this ho ·
expects to obtain nn electric current of the required energy. • A con-
tinuous Bow of Electricity through the wire coils, when tho telegraph B~'t'=Ji.~~~~MI
is not at work keeps them constantly deflected; but when ::1. 111cssage is - ..... ~ ..r.......o...
8..'41!!11~-~~~
* We rear that Mr. Bain will be diSAppointed in this, should he erect a. pair
his telegraphs at great distancE-s apart. l-Ir. Fiulaison, indeed says, (see page 34 ~!!t~~~~~r.:
of his pamphlet,) "if a. copper wire one-sixth of an inch in thickness, be imbedded ~.:.l!lt:::..?_it.~~Ji:~~
in a. bar of boiling a.apbaitum, and sent along the milway(for ita better protection) L-"::"'oi-~...........:.•·-'·
from London to Liverpool-if two toni weight of zinc plates be. immersed in the
l"Icrsey at Liverpool and attached to Uta.t cud of the wire -cuul if a. ton
weight or copper be sunk in the river Thames and attached to this end or the
wire, no rational man can doubt that an electric current would be established orE~~;r.: ••rJIIII...,l!'IIK
ten times the power necessary to work a tclcbrraph!' ..Every clectricihn, however, ~~~~~~"1
knows tha.t the resistance wWch the Electricity \vould meet with in tru.versing
such a length or wire would be very grea.t, and tha.t such resistance could not be
overcome by iucrca.aing the 1ize ot the battery plates, but only by adding to their
nm~&ber; should, therefore, ~be experiment be tried, is it cxccccliugJy probablo that
however ca.refully the uniting wire were insula.ted, no tra.co or Electricity would be
detected. . .1.\Ir. Finlaison, does not, however, lay cmy claim to the title of au
f'lectrician; had he been one he would not proba.bly have written the following:
"'.May not the mere contact or the resp~ctive pla.tcs witb moisture excite an elec-
trical ~ctivity of the metallic particles without any o:dua.tion taking place !-and

ÆTHERFORCE
 IS SUFFICIENT TO TRIGGER WHITE RAY-BLACK RAY '
REACTIONS WHEREIN VRIL THREADS ARE GENERATED
f4~, AND RELEASED.
~~~~~~~-~~~:~~-~~
to be transmitted, the opemtor by dmwing out a metal pin from a hole
in the dial of his machin~ interrupts the circuit and tlie machinery is
put in motion and continues so, until by inserting the pin in the hole
under the :sigrur.l which he wishes to communic:1te, the operator closes
the circuit and both ma.chines stop instantly.
(64-2) Mr. Bain bas also invented A pendulum which is moved by a
..... __ =-)111._:-J-~~a metallic sur£-u:e in the· moist earth, of no more than four or fi vo feet :

he intends to apply it to telegraphic purposes, and expects by its

---...··~~(!ill~~! agency, to be able to discard wheels of any and every description, as
well as electro-magnets. ::Another of hiS inventions ia au instrument
~~~Wl~~~~ which he calls A voltaic govemor, from its power of contro.lling tl1e
electric force as tbe governor of an engine controls tho force of the
steam. Hitherto, the only method of adjusting the action of the con-
stant voltaic battery to tho work to be done, has been by taking
~~·~~~Cit~i advantage of the modifications of a. chemical character, of which the
ft~.,~~~·~\~~ Tarious elements are susceptible ; by means of lir. Bain"s instrument
another power is brought to bear, viz. a mecluJnical, and the two forces
are made to counterbalance ea.ch other and produce an equilibrium or
given constant action. As our space does not admit of our giving de-
......-..,~ scriptions of these t:wo ingenious instrumen~ we refer our readers to the
_,.,:;;. ..,.~ second number oCtbe Electrical !Iagazine, and proceed to give a short ac- ,..,~....,..
countofanotlter ofllr. Bain's inventions, viz. his electro-magnetic clock.
( 643) B, Fig. 234, is a back view of :Lil ordin:uy clock, with a ·-~-- .....
pendulum vibrating seconds : C, a plate
of ivory affixed to tho frame of the
clock, in the middle of wbich is inserted
a slip• or brass in connection with the
positive pole· of the b~ttery. To the
pendulum is attached :r. very light brass
spring F, in such a manner, that e..-ery
vibration of tho pendulum brings the
Cree end or tlac spring into contact with
tbe strip of bmss, thus co.mpleting the
electric circuit, which is broken as soon •~•~~~;:s:~
as the spring touches the ivory. A

0
series of electric clock6 may be connected,
by means of the wires, with this clock,
ud iC a voltaic b3ttory bo included in
the circuit tl1ey 'vill :ill go together. -~ ---
may not ozidation itself' be the efFect, not the cause or such electrical action, 10
originating in the mere coutnct o( the mctala with moisture, the action beiug -~~--~~Iiiii.:
greatly increased in energy when the liquid is acidu..lated 7 The writer has eeen
the current produced through the earth so i.Dstanb.Deously that there was not " loollll.,..~r..:
fM7Mn,l tiTMfor o.zidation." (See page~ ot his p:1mphlet.)

· ..:..;··.

ÆTHERFORCE
 Fig. 235, is a vie;-of one
of the electric clocks. a, is an
electro- magnet,· and IJ its feedc:r
suspended by a spring, pendulum
tiushion ; .c, is a small screw to l't'gu-
Jato tho dUit.1.nco of tlio f"'Cdcr frow
tbo electro-magnet. .At tbo lower
end of the feeder is jointed a light
click lever d, falling into the teeth
of a ratchet wheel 1 ; f is a spring
to keep the ratchet wheel steady.
1Vhen the pendulum .of the clock B,
Fig. 234-, sends an electric current
through the conducting wire, the feeder is ··attr:LCted by the m:J.gnet,
and the click lever d, t.1.kes over one tootb of the ra.tchet wheel ;
~~,~~~~151 upon the current being arrested (by the spring ·F of the pendulum,
leaving the slip of brass in the primary clock,) the feeder falls
back into its former position, and causes the click lever to dra.w
the ratchet wheel one tooth forward. The arbor of the ra.tchet
wheel carries the 8et:onda' ka,;,a which is thus taken forward one degree
~..-~'·t.·~• every second, corresponding to the vibration of the clock B. A pinion
L..:~·v.'1......_, on the ratchet-arbor gives motion to other simple wheel-work which
carries the minute :md hour hands. 'Vhen a large number of clocks
are to bo worked tho ratchet wheel is placed on tho arbor of tho mim1lo ~-~llf.::Si:
----~-=-~-- nand and is moved every minute in3tcacl or every second. A.q ivory
circle with slips or studs of metal, inserted flush witb its face, corres-
ponding to the number of clocks or group of.olocks intended to bo
worked, is fixed on the face· of tho regulating or primary clock ; in tho
centre of this circle is placed the arbor of the seconds band of t.be
clock, upon which is fixed [a slight met."\1 spring with its freo end in
contact with tho ivory circle. The conducting wiro from tho positivo
pole of tho battery is in connexion with tho framcwor~ of tho clock ;
every time, therefore, that the seconds hand passes over a metal stud in
the ivory circle an electric circuit is completed and a current. tra.nsmitted
to the clock or group of clocks in connexion with that- particular stud. ;,.~.-:~...;,.~;..__
As the seconds hand pa.C!Ses over every portion of tho circlo once in
;ach minute, tho wbolo number of clocks thus connected with t.bo 111!.-~
regulating clock will be moved forward one degree e\·ery minute. Dy
this means a large proportion of electric power is saved, for the battery
has only a single clock or a small group of clocks to work at tho samo
instant of time •
.. , .,;·~:gr;~~,.Q

ÆTHERFORCE
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u..:.,.._....,.._ A REMARKABLE· EXT~CT WHICH REVEALS THE USE OF WHITE RAY AND BLACK RAY ~EACTIONS ~'\
IN TELEGRAPHIC RELAYS ••• AN AERIAL REACTOR WHEREIN VRIL THREADS ,.·~.~~~~..
~~\~
.·1 is the. cable station, II the translating ~tation, and C the.
,
_.,, __ ,.
~~..~
,
.

rccet\r IIIK station. At the translating station there arc, 1.{. the-. elec-
tromagnets of the relay, F the arm;ll ure of the relay, T the tongue
of the relay, 7.u and Cn the zin~nd CUJJper poles of the relay, c: a
cundcnst·r, s a resistance belonging to the cable circuit through one
relay winding, a arullm condensers belonging to the local relay cir-
cuit, ·r, 11 and /'· re!'istances belonging to the local relay circuit, t a
condt·nscr, u a resi!'tancc in ·connection with the tongue, R the re-
ceiving. ;apparatus in the leak circuit, and d the resistance in the leak
circuit. It will he seen that the armature anc.l tongue will move

. .;
AICKANGEMENT OF RELAY.

toward the C" or Zu pole 'when a positive qr negative current passes

from A through the cable, anti further that a curr. in the local
circuit ;dways tends tu drive the tongue away from tlie contacts be-
...
--~

tween which it is mewing. Thc1 m1tuml attraction between one or

another nf the pole-pieces and :the relay-armature, may, when the
relay is !'ymmetrically adjusted, be easily and completely neutral-
ized by giving p a proper si1.c, i. c., the relay can theretiy be made as
scnsiti\'c as rc:'luin·d wlu:n acted upo.n by any current from the cable
through the utht•r winding. lly further decreasing p, the tongue
b<'gins to \'ihrate, and I he relay is preferably used in this condjtion ...
The rate of \'ihrat in11s or dots may be regulated at will by variation
of condensers and resistances in the local circuit, and the working
rate gcnl·mlly is made equal, or almost equal, to the rate of dnts
cmitled by the tnt.nsmittcr at A. Sparking, due to induction from the
line between II and C.:, is :t\'Oided by the condenser t, connected with
the: tonJ(nc; !Jut this n.·ry condenser may sometimes cause sparking
ami '-'on~idl·rahle cuntacl-slickings; this· drawback can, however, be
compll·tely onn:ome lty the introduction of a small resistance, u.
Tu make good coulacts, the condenser (J is import:mt; for this pur·
pose it is also tll'l'L'!'Sary that the poles of the electromagnets should
ht• \Try JJittl'h rlnsc·r to tht• :u·mature than usual; ami that the rc·
sist;mn•, /'. sh .. uld )It' inl t'llcllln·d. The t:tH'I'<'IIl chargiiiJt l'ondt·nst·r,
"·.will tht·n itnuu·cliatl'ly l'attsc tlw tongue to ht• prc~Sl'd against tilt•
t'outat·t srrl'w with whirh it has just mad<· c-ontact, ancl from which
it is slt .. rlly aflt·rwarcls l'l'Jlltlscd.-Lond. /:'/c·,·. Rc'<'., Angust 22.

-~

ÆTHERFORCE
 -~

ANDREW CROSSE WAS AN EXTRAORDINARY DISCOVERER AND EXPERIMENTER.

WHILE PRICIPALLY KNOWN FOR HIS SPONTANEOUS GENERATION DISCOVERIES ~~~
MR.CROSSE ALSO MANAGED TO DISCOVER CERTAIN PIVOTAL FEATURES
IN MINIATIJRE •...
WHICH HAVE TREMENDOUS IMPLICATIONS AS CONCERNS EARTII CURRENTS
AND VRIL PASSAGES.
'L. ~, . ,.•~ -. ~\1~\..-/ ~.: --.••L"'IIIl' -..;~~:mg ~~-....,
~ .- '·--~' ..:;.. ·~ 1"...... 15f.-.~
...........,.... ~ ~~B:~~:~·
(353) Not "among the lt>ast interesting of .lUr. Crosse's e.xperiments,
are those in which ho has imitated in a most extraordinary manner,
"constant .. and " intermittent'' springs with tho acid of the voltaic
..;;·;;
battery. The experiments were made in the following manner:-
10. A. common garden-pot full of moistened pipe-clay was placed in
a basin full of water : a platinum wire connected with the negative
extremity of a sulphate of copper battery, of twelve pairs of plates, each
two inches long, by one inch wide, was placed three inches deep into
the middlo or the clay ; and a second platinum wire connected with the
positive pole, was plunged into the water in the basin, to the san1o
depth. Within a fortnight fissure• took place in the clay in contact
with the negative wire; and in sa or eight weeks, these fissures filled
with water, which was dra,,vn up two inches ubove the level or tho
water in the basin. A. small pool of water was formed round the nega-
tive wire, which at last overflowed and trickled constantly into the
basin below. Here, then, wns a co'llstaut electrical spri119.
2°. Hero the experiment was varied; but the apparatus was pre-
cisely similar. In this, both wire~ were plunged three inches deep into
tbc same pot of moist pipe-clay, at the opposite sides, but about three- '
qu:uiers of an inch from each side. Within a fortnight, fissures took
~~._. place at the negative, but none at the positive wire. In a month or six
weeks more, these fissures filled with water which overfiowcd, and after
a ~y or two ebbed, .and then again overflowed, and $0 on, being appa-
rently acted on by change of weather. Mr. Crosse gcncr:illy found tho
spring overflowing when the barometer ,,,.as 'tCT!f loto ; and the reverse,
when it was hi!Jh. llere then was an electrical intcnniucnt aprin9.
(354) In subsequent experiments, 1\Ir. Crosse found it better to em-
ploy porous earthen-pots, open at tho top and bottom, filled within an
inch or tho top with pipe-clay kneaded with water to the consistence of
putty, and plunged into a basin; three platinum wires issning from one
stout wire connected with the ·negative extremity of the battery, being
~~~~--· plunged three inches deep into the clay; and a group of six platinum
wires issuing from one connected with the positive pole, being immersed
to the samo depth in the water. With this arrangement, if tho battery
is acth·e, the water will rise in one night half an inch above the surfaco
of the clay in the pot, tho lip of which, together with the whole rim, to
the dcptb or an inch, is glazed. under the lip is placed :1. small shoot
of sheet copper, to convey the water, as it falls drop by drop from the
lip, to a graduated glass vessel. In one experiment, 1\'fr. Crosse mixed
dilute sul}lhuric acid with the pipe-clay, instead of distilled water.
• :W!IIfQ "'!~,-. ='A~A~.;. ~-~~:.
THE INTERACTION OF WATER, SUBTERRANEAN FISSURES, VRIL.AND VRIL DETRITUS IS OBVIOUS
FEW REALIZE THAT VRIL BOTH GENERATES AND SUSTAINS
ALL THE EXPERIENCED MANIFESTATIONS
FROM FOUNDATION OF ABSOLUTE SOURCE

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.
G. ED.A.RD.
Magnetic Battery for Curative Purposes.
No. ~~-~;9,&9~· Patent~,pec. II, 1877. Q'

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 • 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.
G. EDARD.
Magnetio Ba.ttery for Curative Purposes.
No~ 198,008. Patented Dec. 11, 1877.
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ÆTHERFORCE
 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.
G.. EDARD.
Magnetic Battery for Curative Purposes.
No. 198,008.. Patented Dec. 11, 1877.

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ÆTHERFORCE
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PATENT :• bFFI·a·E .
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GUIL~UME EDARD, OF PARIS; FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT
. .
IN MAGNETIC BATTERIES FOR CURATIVE PURPOSES.
,/.
. . ---~

~- Specification forming p:irt of Letters Pa~nt No. 198,008~ dated December 11, ·1877; application filed
~
~~,~-.
-Jun~ ~! ~~·-.- ---
=-..:
\~-.

~:To all1t:hont it may CO?~c~: .. \: ., · which the whole is subjected. The magnetfc-
_.;__B~ it Jmown·th~tl, GuiLLA"IDlE EDARD, of ore dust is a constant .res~oir of magnetic
j)W,;s, France, haYe itn-ented Improvements in tluid, whose action is continually renewed and
·:Magnetic .Apparatus for :1\Ie<lical Purposes; distributed with undiminished strength. ·
.~nd I do hereby declare that the following is a By holding the apparatus at its opposite
'full, clear, ·a~d ~xact description of the same, poles by the hands, or holding it at one.pole,
reference bemg hat! to the annexed sheets of and rubbing the body with the other, the mus·
·drawings, making a part of the sam_e. cles ~ill be ma-gnetized with sufficientatrength
. This inYention relatE's to improvements in to produce a continual attraction and repulsion
magnetic apparatus, and in the employment of the tluid-ctuTents.
of the same tbr producing anc.l applying mag- . Figs. 4 and 5 show different arrangements
netism as a substitute for Pul \rermacher's of the magnetic element.s inclosed in the thick-
:·chain-bantls,Brandusbrushes,andother analo-. ness or thicknesses of cork or bard india-rub-
gous appliances. ·. . . ber. The difterent poles are indicated in these
. The itwenticJn consists in llroviding an ap- figures.
paratus witll a dry pile,. which consists of a Fig. 6 shows a magnetic belt to be used for
magn~t or magnetized wire of suitable form the preYention of sea-sickness. In this figure,
aull dimensions, embedded in pmnlerell mag- a' is a silk or linen fabric of two or three
netic irou ore iu the form of dust or saud, all tllicknesses, with or without a lining.
· as hereinafter more fully described. The belt, as shown, is made in the form of a
The inYention is applicable to magnetic fric- trapezium. b1 arc longitudinal tubes formed
tion- brushes, belts, corsets, abdominal sup- in the belt, which are tilled with magnetic-ore
. ~rt~, garters, hose, bonnets, and other bodily dust, serving to unite all the poles of similar
appliances. name into one at each end of the belt, the one
I will describe first a brush or rubber hav- north and the other south. ·
. !ng_ the dry pile abO\-e mentioned, and w:hich The spaces ill the tubes b1 arc .filled with
"lSl'Cpresented in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the ac- magnetic-ore dust, thus formirig conductors of
companying dr~n,ings in plan and trans,·erse the permanent CtuTent developed by the· Col-
and longitudinal section, it being understood lowing elements: c' are tran.svers~ cells or·
that the form of the brush may be Yaried. tubular spaces, which may, if desired, be ren-
a a are one or more thicknesses of cork in- dered impervious, to prevent the escape of the
_,closing the elements of the dry pile, tiz., the ore-dust. d1 are magnetized and polarized
Dl:lgnetized steel spirals or magnets b, and the steel spirals, ~mberllled in the magnetic ore-
__rua{,'lletic-iron-ore dust c. The magnets band dust e1, with which the cells c1 are filled. / 1
.ore care inclosed in metal tubes d of copper, are two strips of iron-wire gauze applied on
or~~tuh~alcnt material. e are stoppers or plugs the ends of each spiral, d 1, and embedded i~.
c osltlg the ends of tubes cl, to prevent the the ore contained in tubes b1; g1, steel buckles
c'iCape of the magnetic sand. .An, north pole; witllOut t.ongues, attached to the north and
D, south pole. . ·south poles, respe9tiY.ely. '':men the belt is
.'fh~ brush is pierced with a number of .lon- ~tsed, the buckles. ~t~-~connected so 3:s not to
gttudnmlchannels,in wlticharelodged the cop- mterrupt the cu:ten~~' ...~ny other smtable at-.
l.~r tubes d, as shown in Fig. 2. Each of the tachment may, ho"\roy~r_, .be employed.
c:Lannel_s contains fixe, more or less, spirals of Fig. 7 shows, in litlnij~rse section, a mag-
. ~~·gne~tzed steel, which form, by their union, netic boot-sole, in which a2 is the sole of cork;
tl SUtg_]~ !fiagnet,polarized in· such manner that b2, ore-dust or sand; &, fabric forming a cov-
/c/rtchon-brush has four magnets, forming ering for same; dl, outsolc of cork; e", fabric
.JJ~ tt poles~ four positive and four negativ.e. which is shown as enveloping the greater part
tutc mag11etic-irou-ore dust, with which the of the sole; but it may be applied around the
llbcs containing the magnets arc filled, excites edges only. /!is the magnetic wire placed in
r~e latter by its ~1agnct~c attraction and by the ore-dust uz.
a!ion of the specmlmagnetic preparation to Fig. 8 shows ~magnetic belt for preYenting

~ ~
·~================~~
ÆTHERFORCE
 sea-sickness, formed of a number of separate in which case it would be formed of a series
tubes, filled with magnetic-ore sand. of parallel tubes containing the magnetic ele-
a3 b3 CJ d!l e' f 3 are lengths of chain to unite ment::5.
the two metal busli:s ft /1,3 ,"3 j and tP m,3 e1 11.3• Fig: 11 s·hows a magnetic head-band. as us
The first is applie<l horizontally upon the epi- c8 d8 are \"'ertical tubes filled \vith magnetic;-ore
gastrium or pit of the stomach, while the other sand, and made longer at one end than at the
is applied to theYe1·tebral column immediately other, so as to indicate, by a simple means, the
opposite the first mentioned. The bnsks are location of the poles; .e&· ,r, buckle and tab·
inserted in the thickness of the belt in the posi- tf lt.8 ·l'l j• T.,.S ld m8 11.6, silk stmps for holding th~
tions shown. o3 p 3 rf are buckles; r r t,3, straps. baml in place; o8 p 8 1", temple- straps. The
The whole of tile belt is covered on tbe one tubes containing the ore-dust and wire are ar-
side w.ith an insulating material, such as silk ranged, as heretofore described.
or linen, while the in§i~e surface of the tubes Fig.12 shows an appliance for the chest ancl
and busks are ap.PHi<I.:next the skin. This back, made in two part-s. The part a1 bT cT df
kind of belt may nlsp:,~"'l~ed without the
busks. Tlte belt is provided· with the hollow
,pr, which i.e~ to be applied on the chest, iS
formed of two series of horizontal tubes, filled
tubes, filled with ore-dusttaiul containing the with ore-sand, with a vertical busk, gT hT v jl.
wire, as heretofore describ.e(l. · Tile horizontal tubes unite in a central \"'erti-
Fig. 9 shows another form of magnetic belt cal tube, d:r ] 1• The I>art k1 fl m1 ·n:: forms the
for the preV"ention of sea-sickness. · back piece, anti is composed of two series of
a4 b4 ~"' are bucldcs,ora single one only maybe diagonal tubes, united in a single vertical tube,
substituted, ofthe same bread thas the belt. The i' t1• Upon the back piece is applied the bn!ik
beltiisdhidc<lcentrnllythronglloutitslength by o1 p1 q1 r1 in a 'liu.gonal position. Cbaius con-
.a tube tilled with magnetic-ore sand, on either tained ill the vertical tubes !11 t1 il' ] 1 serve to
sideof which extends a series of diagonal tubes, connect the busks. The back and front pieces
also tilled uith the santl, ami uniting \Vith the are connected by buckling at the shoulders u1
central tube, which recei\"es aitd. collects the '07 zo7 y 7 z 1 z7 • t 1 ~~ ~JA d' represent the opening
se\eral currents. cl' e"f~ are tabs, or one single for the neck. T11e front and back may also be
tab only may be used. T11e belt is lined the made in one piece, by providing an opening
same as the foregoing, and both are 'maue wider large enough for the beau to pass through.
at one enll than at the other, in order to indi- I claim as my in,·ention-
cate in a simple manner the location of the . .A. magnetic apparatus for medical1m:rposes,
north and south pole. consisting of a perforated or hollow body, con-
Fig. 10 shows an umbilical belt; w b$ c5, taining one or more tubes filled with nutgnctic-
buckles; cl$ e' f' rt, metal bnsk placed perpen- iron-ore <lust, in which is embedded a mab"'let,
dicular to the length ot' the belt; ],5 i$l' 1..~, di- whose opposite poles terminate at the ends of
agonal dorsal busk. The form and arrange- the tnbe or tubes, all arranged substantially
ment of the busks maj~ be yaried. lJ m/' m$ as specified.
h$l ps are 'conducting-.chains, coru1ecting the GUILLAU.liE ED.A.RD.
busks 'vith the encl of the belt. .
The tubes containing the ore-dust and wi.t·e Witnesses:
all run in the same direction. The belt is lined, RonT. ~I. HOOPER,
and may be used without the busks and chain.s, JE.A.N BAPTISTE RoLL.L'iD.

...~
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~ ~22415 ~. 2. ' a au c;a .M
- p. 4.4 ~ ~·
ÆTHERFORCE
 ~==~~~~~~~~

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- .... , A. C. GARRATT.
'-·
Medical Battery.
No. 85,300. Patented Dec 29, 1868.

...
Jri£nesoe.s. In-vencor,
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ÆTHERFORCE
 ~==============~~
~

--~~--

.ALFRED C. GARRATT, OF BOSTON, ~IASSACifUSETTS.

Letter., Ptctl:nt .No. 83,300, dated December 29, lSGS.

IMPROVEMENT IN VOLTAIC PILE FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES.

1'he Schedule refttr!ed to iD these Letten Patent aud makiuc put of the aame.

To all ·Wllom it nzay conccnz : 1 a11<1.11ge the~e pairs in a circle, as shmn1 iu fig. 1,
· Be it. known that I, Ar.num C. G.\U!t.u.'T, uf Bo:s- urI mny :UT:mge thelll so as to mak~ n ~tmigllt battery,
son, county of 1'5~~Jik, :Ulcl Stat~ uf .l!&ts.o;.1.chnlictts, H:i shmm in fig. 2, nr I may arrange them in any :mit-
Jt.i\·e im·entet.l certain Imtn·oyemt.>nts iu \ ..oltaic Bat- ahl~ shape, &tl'i may ht' retJUirecl ti,r any particulnr lot·a.I
teries, to be u~ed upon thc body in th~ treatment of npplication.
cli~3&·, which I call ".U1 Impl"'Yed Humboldt )!ctlicul l'he:;e pairs arc iusulatctl ti·ow the um;e lt., by soft
Battery;" <mt.llclo hcl't!hy llecl:.n·~ thut the tullowiug is mhbet· or other iusulator, antl they are cunuectt:cl in
~full, dcar, ami exatt tlcscl'iptiou tlwrent~ rett-rt.•ncc such a manuer ns not to flut.:tuate the electtic cun"t"nt,
lleing hacl tu the accompanyiu~ drawin;.;:-, in whic·h- <Ultl ut. the same time the cuunet'tiuu is cuuqllett:h· iu-
Fignrc 1 represeut.s a cc~mplete hattt'ry, uf c·ia·cuhu· snlatccl, ~u as to bt! llt!at and tfexiLlc.
form. · Iu the circular battt·ry I place, on·r the •~entre, a
~1gure 2 represents a. section ut' a straight uatterr. piece uf ntuiJer duth, tl, or 1ts etinimlent, the use of
}'igurc 3 represents the back of the straight platt.>s, whie.:h i~ to iusulate the cntls of the plates from tht•
aod manner of conuecting them. hucl.Y, :uul gh·e th·t- ac:tion tn the electlical Ctll'rr~nt.
It has loug bt!cll •~ CJUC:ition among decttici:(us a~ to ~ly imprm·ecl Humbultlt llll'tlkal uattea·y i~ to be
a couwnit•nt method ut' apvlying el~t·tiidty lul'all~·, a~ applied diredly tu tile skin, <llltl tints wum, ~o that tht>
G:I.De~ fn.•ctu~utly occw· illiUl·tUtal practitt• wht.>U it wonlt.l liriug liluh ot· Lu.ly uf till' paticut al'ts a~ the \'dJit!t·
be of h'l'cat Ul'ndlt if a c·nul)tant prituar·y curi·c·ut of elt!l'- ti.n· supplyiu;; the spaces ht:twccll the pairs oYer tltc iu-
tdcity conic l he applied to the pa111)f th~ bucly clisc•a:;c~tl, suiatur t~ awl tht' mr.rnl~, with au c~c:iting·lictnid, which-
lUlU Ull'IU bt•l"l'\ Of the lllL'tlical prot~:S~iun !Ja YC ueeu at a i~ the uatuml pe1·spiratiun thJlll tht.' hotly. The spa<:e~
Joss to :~t•cure the proper means of locally applying thi:-; t.etwt•cn the tlitli.~t·ent plates alltl pail.;. arP l'I'CSCI"\'ecl Ly
primary cltn·cnt for coutiuuoms gentle· actiuu, sn 111111:h tlat• pt•culim· tiaugt• on tlw platc:s tlwm..:elvc~, shuw11 at.
de:;irctl. i, aJJtl b~· tlu~ iu~ulatiun::o.
There han~ been ,·ariuu:; attt!mpts t•) so cou:)tl'nct a The tir~t Hmnhohlt battery, !mown n.ssnch to~C'ieuce,
b:Jttel"y tot· local. applic<~tiou, as to secure the proper awl tlL•scril.>t•tl in IllY wurk on metlical d~~ctricity, t•<litiuu
electl'ical ~urrcnt, but ::;o thr th~ attempt~ han~ ht~cn uf Tidmur & Ficl•hi, lSuO, page 113, ot' wllich I was
wjtbout satisthctor\· rc:>ults. th~ origiuator, aml whit:h I ~·~n~ to the wothl, is not
The ohject of 1n)· innmtion is to }H'Otlure au electro- ~., complete as I conlcl wi:sh, aml I baxe tlwreti.m~ in-
pbysiologi~al battery, wllich t'an ue ~lpplit·d to au:; p~u·t tt!l'estetl myselt; by great pains antlt·X}H!U::it:, to prutluce
ortlre Jmmau body, which battct·~·, hy the action of the my impron~d Humboldt mccliC':tl battt•ry, which is au
ltlturnl pen;piration ti·om the skin upon the cli:;!iimilar electro-phy:siological hattery; allll tlw tou,·cnictu.:c :uul
IIU:tals compl'i:;iug my battery, as an exdting·fluid, :-~ball uscfulu~~ of t-his cht-ap, durable, anu least troublei-:owe
gtncratt~ aconstaut and efficient priman·cnl1'entof dcc- ofallgalYanicarrn.ugements, autl its pecnliaradaptation,
~city. • under frctJUE'ntly·occnning circum~tances, tor the treat:
I ~ce_omlllislJ my pUlliO:ie by aJ1'allering pail·;-; ot' vl:.ttes ml•nt of difterent cases, must gin~ it a more promineut
or UISl:IIIUilar metals, after the pl'iueiples iucorporatcu placrl atnong pmctical and reliable electro-therapeutics,
lo kttca~ Patt.•nt grantcu rue uy the "C"nitcd ~tatcs, than that gainecl uy my ol'iginal im·entiou, filr the present
Dt.'Ccm~t· 31, 1867,and July 7, lSuS, upnu any tluraulc improved anangemcntancl structur~ seC'urcs fitr greater
aud tlexablc non--condnctin•r base·, antl iu::mlatiH" the anclmore uuiform etlicicuc_r. lfthe frictiou of the uody
~tcs frum this base, aud ·il~ulatiug the pairs of 1~atcs upon the.• surface of the platl'S tloe:; not keep them snth-
......m t~c.uext pair, hy any good iu;.;ulator, like rubhet· dentlr bright, they t'<lll easily be rubbed with a piect•

:t
wuth. 'Ihesc plates may be of auy conveuieut ::-hape,
the ~;lmpcs given in th~ clmwing:-; are well aclaptetl
. r the purposes to whid.1 I put my apparatus.
of wash-leather oa· all\' suitable material.
I nm well awnn~ o( the natun:· of '~ PulYermaehm··s
chaiu," a G~rmau ill\'l~~tiun, a11tl I tln uot clai.m any
· .In th~ tlrawings, a t·epresents ziuc plate:;, a111l b '~up­ arraugcaueut aualugot~:s:tu it. I am alst) awn~e of the
:r .1 1 1<1~~:-;~ o~· coppct: rolled with sih·er, or any s~titahle nat me and claim of ·Thouias. HaJJ's patent, of 11 ~:bru~u·y
· etalc~I~:ituUlar to zmc. .The platt!S arc m.ad~ ot ru~lt:tl 7, 18HJ; ti11· "Yoltaic :)Olcs," a uti I tli.,claim his arraugc-
10
r. eta!, .!Uti of a lll"Ol•t:r tluckncsl$, ~av one-tortll'th of au meut of lapt•ing plat•:s of tlissiluilar mctal:-o, as there is
uacb
L • 'l'l 1c zuw . plate ami the coppe1·• plate are solcll't·ccl Ill> current in an apparatus t·on:--trueted after his alkgct.l
~~~:':tuc1· n~ c, tllus makiug a pair of platc.s uf dh;similat· inn-ntio11, as no componnll primary CUI'l':mt can uc pro·
,·dl.lls. 'Iuc:;e pain; arc thcu attached uy thre:ul I to clucc1l without a sel'ie~ of complete dements; iu thct,
~ttahlc and tlexiule uoH·contlucting hast·, in ~ndt a sdl·ntitic demonstration with the gah·aiwmeter proves
~tner .th.at the different. tm:.tals sllall ue altel'lliltc. Hall's" voltaic t;Ole" tu have uo clectrir:l.l current as a
a I J! pau· IS in:;ul:.ttetl1i:olll the llt?.Xt pair Uj' illSCl'till~ wbolt·, while a hattcrv ronstructctl accnt't.ling to my iu-
k~l\~f rulJbet· cloth, e, m· any gootl insulating·Jlla- y~util)ll can ea:;ily ~e iml\'f'tl to po~St'ss all thr qualities
,..
. , uetwt.•t!H eac·h pair and the next. I claim tiJr it.

ÆTHERFORCE
 Havin~ thu~ fnlly clt'scrihed .my impro\·ement, nou-eont.luctiug base, as and for ;he pnrpoS('S tlescribta1t
":-hat I claim :ll'i my im·entiou, awl tlt!::oire to st•em·t· in thh; specifiration.
hy Lettcrli Patent, is- In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this
An.elc.:!!tru-pla~·si,logic.'ll b&ttter~·, constrnctccl hy ar- spedfil•atit'•n, in the~ pr!-'~ence of two subscribing wit-
r liiJ!illg a. st·rTes .of pairs uf tti:;simit.u· mt'tal plates, :ts ncs;-;e:s. .
denu.:ut:;. com}>lt-tcly iu~ulated ti·om euch othl'r, awl \\~itnt'sscs: ·..:-\..L~.,RED C. G.\.RRA.'l'T.
from tbc·)~':t~t·, as cle:;cribetl, aml the platl'S uf eadJ pair C..\.RROLI. D. \VRIGHT,
tinnh· eotii\t!,ctetl, as showu, all arrangetl upun a ftt•xible .\. F. BUTTERWORl'H.
. . . w.
.~'·~/~ .· -

~ ~
·~==~~~~~~~~~
ÆTHERFORCE
(No Model.)
T. H. HICKS.
THERAPEUTIC MAGNET.
No. 420,300. Patented Jan. 28·, 1890.

:H.K X
K

..

~
~-----=--~~==~
ÆTHERFORCE
··im
STATES. PATENT···OFJ:i'IG.;~:~'.:~}~~· ~
_________ .-~ . . . ... :_.'·.:····· ~-~-/·;~-~-

liAS II. HICKS, OF DETROIT, l\IICHIGA.Y, ASSIG~OR, BY -DIRECT AND

MESXE ASSIGN:liEXTS, TO THE THER.APEl"TIC TERRESTRIAL EQUI-
POISE COliPANY, OF iiiCHIG..:\.X. :_- ~· ..

THERAPEUTIC MAGNET.

SPECIFICATION forming part o£ Letters Patent No. 420,300, dated January 28, 1890.
Application Bled October 12, 1889.. Serial :Bo, 326,87~. aTo model.>

whon"b it nz,ay concern.· convenient means, for detachably securing so

known that I, THOlu.s H. HICKS, ·a.· ·thereto pole -·extensions of various forms.
of the QuE'en of Great Britain, resid- Thus it will be readily seen that in this re-
t Detroit, in the county of 'Vayne and spect all the metallic contacts or poles K be- .:
of llichigan, haYe invented certain nE;)w ing in different relation to the magnet_ or its· : ·
useful Improvements in Therapeutic field haYe different magnetic values or prop- 55
~al~Iu~rs, of which the following is a speci.fi- erties, and thereby the physician is enabled .
0
-..o-t'o ...::.""' being hatl therein to the ac- to intelligently select the one for application
drawing. which in his· experience suits the case, the
tion relates to new and useful patient being bt'Ought either in direct contact .
i"'\'ements in therapeutic magnets; and with this pole, or, if this.is not practicable, in- 6o
in\·ention consists in the peculiat· con- directly through an extension secured thereto.
· and arrangement of a magnetic field, A further object of my inYention is to so
more fully hereinafter clescribetl, and construct the tle,·ice that. the physiological ef-
.;gr~•nn:•n in the accompanying <lrawing, in fects of heat or cold may be combined with
my device is shown half in elevation the magnetic effects, as both these effects com- G5
the other half in central section. binecl are much more efficacious than either
is a hollow metallic body, preferably of alone; and to this end I have constructed the , ·.
c'A-'''"'u~"'"'"' form. B is a magnet secured in the device so that it may be I'eadily placed into a
or axis of the body and having its ends cooling or into a heated medium contained in · ·, .·
erablyprojectingtotheoutside, said mag- a suitable vessel. · · · 70
being either a permanent ot· an elc~tro . The extensive metallic surface and body-_ )
Ol.¥il•gu.e". glven to the devi~.e _will-form in such use a:·.:_:/
Dare screw-plugs secured in screw- good conductor. · · _-. · · . _ ·.. : <~-)<
IU:fl.D,r_~lctE~d apertures formed in opposite sides As the device is presented in the drawing, : .
body A, t-he apertures being large the iron cores in the tubes E E', &c., are ~n- ·7 s
~noo:~rh. if desired, to fill the space_ tJ!erein ductivety acted upon by the magnet ,B, and
neutral or insulating body, such as on account of the different relations to said
~~!Phur,resin, &c. The plugs are pr·efera~ly magnet it may 9e said that the contacts K- :._~
I.:Jil~JL"lOJL'!Y recessed to receive the ends of the represent a magnetic scale. A similar result, ·.::
rJ118.gn4et to hold it secur~ly in prescribed po- however, may be obtained by omitting .the .So_
iron cores altogether and arranging the con-_;_·: ·
E are two metallic rods secured at right tacts K merely in different parts of the field ~/:.
to the magnet in the screw-plugs C and of force of the magnet B. · . · ;, ·::·, ._·:,·_
res1pectively, and E' E", &c., are iliterme- 'rhe globular form of the metaJlic body· A , :-.-.
..,.,.,._...... _.... _ metallic rods secured at inter\'"als be- . forms a visual i_ndex~of the intensity of the' . Ss
the outer rods E E in the shell of the magnetic contacts. K by the analogy w~t.h the,.~_:, _ .-
and extending parallel to each other and glol)~.Ilar forni of the earth and its magnetic :-- :.:~
outer rods to an equal distance from properties at various distances from the poles.·- . : : _
of the magnet. These rods are pref- By filling the interior spaces in the globe with :.-~--~
ptade ~f tubing, of any metal except a suitable material water _or. othex: liq~li~ .i~~~ 9~
With an Iron core F inclosed in each tube excluded therefrom when the device IS Im-.-~;t:· .
ding int{) proximity to the magnet. inersed. _ _ . · - -_:- ·~: -<~~-}/._;i
'§~;·~ 4!ar their outer ends the metallic rods are '"\"hat I claim as my inYention is~~:~-··;·~:~-:.:·:,~,.:;
t~~l~J:lileC1ted by a cross-barG,of insi1lating ma- .· 1. In a therapeuticafmagnet, the coinbi~a~-~~~--~
to each of the free ends of the rods tion, with a magnet, of _a series of met~lli~ .95 ..&.
.A-~~~;~~C:-~.1·e~. an enlarged mt!tallic contact or contacts ~r poles in the ~a~netic field the~e~f ?.r~
_piece K of lead, preferably of globular a~d i_n graduated pro~1m1ty to the pol~s of_,.._·.·.
~. .. .
and provided with a ·socket H, or other
.. .
said magnet; and a metallic frame_support-
.. ·-- . ·. .. ~

.. ~
ÆTHERFORCE
 .
~~~--~,~,~-~t~te~·-~n~-~~q~z~:!7!7~7!t~-~-!-,.!_5!7!!--!!-!Et!!2!7!!·!'!'"!'!--!'!·!:!l!7'!!!!2!2!7!'~~~·

~ ~

2 420,300

ing said magnet and series of poles in fixed globe A, the screw-plugs C and D, SUJPP~t>rti.n
relation to each other, s1,1bstantially as de- the magnet, the tubular rods E E, securE~
scribed. the scre,v-plugs at right angles t~ the
2. In a. therapeutical magnet, the combina- the intermediate tubular rods E' E",
S tion, with a magnet., of a series of metallic cured to the e:lobe A, the cross-bar G, the
contacts or poles located in different parts of tallic contacts of poles K, secured to the
the magnetic field thereof, a hollmv metallic ends of the tubulat· rods, and the iron
casing inclosing and suppm·ting the magnet, secured in the tubular rods, all arranged
·:, . and a series of metallic rods secured thereto stantially as described.
10 at right an"gles to the axis of the magnet and· In testimony whereof I affix my signatn
carrying the series of metallic rods secureu presence of t"·o witnesses, this 8th day of
thereto at right angles to the axis of the mag- tober, 1880.
net and carrying the series of metallic con- THO)IAS H. HICKS.
tacts or poles, substantially as described. 'Vitnesses:
15 3. In a therapeutical magnet, the combina- Dl. B. O'DOGHERTY,
tion of the magnet, the inclosing metallic Eo. licBREARTY.

tiiil¥4P $#1 4_($0 :-##-& . _ #U,§£9 L#£&&A I MWSCJ~

ÆTHERFORCE
=-=================-• ~
- -------------- JWmN ZJBGLBB. 01\ KULBOUSB. J"'WiOB.
. .
IUiutiD DI!ODJUII.B rr.um, 1ID XODB 01' IBIJ:Ilml 'DB BAD.

'fO WBOII l'f JU.1' OOliCKUz

••• • - tU& I, Jhau lulr.a, oiii.U.OU., Ia ... •pin of.p,_~ laa••
la•nted-or diHOY~
a 1a1w ... S.pa•a..W.I'I.W, ... ...._. ol Gea..abla , .. a.-.
.r wWa IJa-..y aeolan &Jae rollowia1to
.. a r.u, ...., ................ .
· I ........... 1M& wMan• uote aad ....... • • uo&le W7 •• a .no.1s.a ...,, or a W7 .
~~naal7uo&le ... . . . . _ ... .Ua1a&IJ10, an.._.., Ia ......, aa l•poa4.Uie _lshl Ia aileappd, &lao
,........ ol wJalft Ia ...iii_... 1t7 eertala ,_.Jlar ...._ ,,.. ....... or •eptaltl• orpallaaa. Tlai1 laid.
.wWe1a I eall "-'ri&allahl,'' Ia • aew·p1aJilaal apat, .......... liko ..... llpt, aaa .._rieit7, Ia the midi& of
c-.-1 .......... Ia . ., H eolleesed • • .,....aw Ia ~ta, Uli:e dae~ 1,1a, •• wlll ,.....
._...,. ._...,.,.~.wla~ &M ......... ltJwlaiola-ite
...._,._....... tWa. W Ia •••ortllol•
P•••••
••Millie. ........
Ja ~INII beUf•·---q-aaAloQto eJeo.

.............
. _ . _ . ~: ...Yial!l'l prool ol ... _... daaa ...,....:-.r ...
- .
· .....•. · .
·taW·.,,. .....
.
.,,~
·-
.........
a..,....._._. lacl.,...... nlatftoe; aad &Jae
YOJHieccrio
·.

· Ba.Saa deooriW &lao aatue ttl dao laW, I wiD DOW prooooi to Uaarlh tho •aaaer Ia w.l~k it 1aa7 1to
.

paura&oa aad "'"ala& to a ooadltloa iil wWn It eaa h pne&ieall7 uocl. At &lao ••o ti. . it will bo sader-
•toocl tlaat ..........Ia I rer.. to ... tleeerih .... one or two . , . . . . . lt&od lor . , parpoeo, I do IIOC Umit IDJHII
to a.aola appan&u, bs& a..w •1•ll a& U1Mn7 toa•all prau•• wbicJa operate OD &lao .... priaciple to imlaeo ·
liko .....ltl.
Aaotio Wi• ... ,.. '-' ...tsoton of dae •i&al ta~d. _. ...., tn.-1 pre(• lilk, whicla hu the ad\"aa·
lap o( la&enopda1 01' ia•Ja&ia& eleetrio IUNIICI, the la..,._tioa.olwlaiah woaJlbo-detriaaontal to tlao laid.
Aa inaalaton lor &lao I.W, ,a.., aaaola, ud •iaonl1 ia pponl ••7 Ito sHd.
Tlae appua&u tor pewatina &lao laid all n,.•blo tla.t •o:talo pile to a certain •loJre•· Thae, ia each ia
fou:d a a-orator ot &lae lsitl witla two Jaeteropneou chomioal Rbataao• &lao one with a carbon bue, an•l the
o&h•r witla aa aaotic buo-ud two eoadsotiaa tlanMa (ldada of naplaone) lor eoaclaetlaa the 'curent aucl coa-
ple&ial itl oirni&. , · .
Tlao loJ1~11a a..- arra1emnt to aclopt: A bladclw or like porou ncoptcaalo I• lll..t wida caaetie
AIUIOala, a•• Ill I••__. to the aeok ita •oiUHI eoatainecl ia u oNlDAI'1 Jar or •aitcabl• Ynael. A. &bread
of ailk ia utacW to * aeok of &lao I»Wder or ponsa diap...._., aad tlae oud of a teetJntl eilk thread
piM..t ia tho . .a.... 'no &wo pi. . . ol 1ilk en thn snl&ecl, ncl &lao olreai& il &last 001aploted and alated,
ia
tlaroa1la wlalola tho oarnn& of tiM .Stal luid ,...... '!'lao .Woat of dae laid wlll .. mat~ifoated on an ~rpnin..l
Mia I •Ia.- it Ia dae ORne of tho nrreat. Ita oortaia ·--~ of daolo.ol. .nta are broaght to;ether :a paine.
a dnoa. for illltaaeo, a canon& of 1rea& power ••1
be obtaia.a wiUo• wiU prodace 011 ata aaiaaate boingmacla
•OM notie.blo el"ecca. The olemea&l ia dall cue •o 001aa...a 1t1 plaaJlal the thrnd ot the ammouia of &be
In& elosoa& iato the molaN• of tufollowia1 el. .oa&, atl • oa; or bettor, b1111ai&iaa on oaae tid'e all tho
aaaoaia llanacll, nd on tho other all &laOM ol the mo-..;
A. Rill httor IU'I'aUJftlft& ••1
M el"ec&td b7 aaeaa1 olat. . tsht. For tbi1 pat"J'o.• a alUI tube ia
tak ..a wlaotelftltla ia fro• &n to lf&HD &haft itt •lia•otor. I& alaoald be aligh&l7•proacl a& ite enda, and
&wo oork _,,.. an prepared ndnl7 nYOloped la a plcl-'bea&v'a lkia, (baad"'olao,} wlalcla ia wrapped tbrco
or tnr &Ia• aroaiMl . .Ia oork, aad bouclaev tho upper tad ot ·eaoJa witla • ailk cord wbicJa ronu oae of tho
eondacton. Tlae ailk eord ••·•lao bo meclo to pau throap tllo tube, aud thi8l1 ••• preferable. The &ubo
..iDJ eork.a a& ODO of Ita ....... eMrooal uk ol DO l"la& tlaickatu Ia pl'aotd ill it.-Oa thia diak .r.
lpNafl
a low paiu ofliUcloaa aaad to preYeD& it• eoatact with a aeeoatl diak of oharcCMI, aDd oaro 1hoald btl taken
eacl: time &lao ~aad Ia iatrodaaed to OOYor it with ammoaia. iD Mala maaaer that tlae wlaol• will bo luall7 immonefl
ia tJao liqai•. Tbo &abo MiDI &hua llled la oloncl 1»1 tlao . . . . . oork, aad the Yltal &aid Ia tlaou proclaeod, ancl
loraaa 'wo wrnata whlcla low tlaroasla tho ooadaotlnc tbreMI. B7 snltlag tet-iral or
thne olomonta, either .
plaood caal to ead or brosala& together Ia a bandlo, 'fef1 powvlal aarreatl ma1 be ob&aiaed. ~ A..
Tho al»o.-..deecrlbed apperalua prodaC'e 1;oocl r"ahe, b:a& l.a my oaperhaon11 1 J.,.ye eraplo7ed in protenae•
the !ol1owia1: lt ll oorapotod or lubut, corked at Lotla nda aa J••~ oaplained, ba' ia1tnd ot carLoa and a i l i - -
oioiiJ ...d.witJa amnaoula, the tabu are filled with alternate la,.n or JIOWderocl IIIIIN" or lead and 01&1lidc: ot

~-M'* ••,. ~II rj ~

ÆTHERFORCE
 ·S
----,.li.aoea-......; tU& I •oa1c1 tanh• aplaia au ~ed'oia • arna...-a f!l c•-•pparan., wJalela
·,...tor ooaildal ot ...te.
tile_..,..,.......,
. .1M .Ujeetea te lalaite ...Uieadoa .....,U.I te tlao aatan tl . . . appUeadoa aH . . te ... ia plaJii-.
olos7, apieal&are. • • tlaela•utrial an.. Jri uodo Wi-, Ia
.
I . . . all bod~• ~
•
llaY~ai a..n..a •1 iaYatlea, ,..... I oW., ... ..._ te....,. ';r Lett.n Patnt, fa u toiJoww:
L Preclaelq a an t.poHenlale laiclla ~......... 'J tM . . . . . . . . II& torda ucl cl....n..L
I. fto ...w.at~oa oltwo ...._.., tlae •• eoataialac uoto ... tlao o~ eoatam!a1earboa, Ia tho
....... nltataatlaJIJ• . . . . •..mw, • 11 to ...._.... aa Ja,.._..lo I.Jtl, utl to aoito or prodaoo
a nrrnt ot tllo . .., 11 aH tor dao ,.rpoeald fortL .
Ia tlltiaoa7 wlinot I Mft lip.. •1 aam• to &lala apeelleuloa Won m nbteribiaa wita.....
. X .. mGLBIL

~ ~
~~=======~.
ÆTHERFORCE
1~11~11--------II~W~II~I
- J. C. BRYAN.
--- •
-
Earth-Battery.
No. 160,152. Patented Feb. 23, 1875.

•
. .
. ·.... __

/'
\:

WIT.NESSES
th.$.ft--A- '
V~r~rE . ..Y-XOR
.

,. c:::fos~~-K-W'~
•
~~j~~ c.~//

-
THE G~APHICO CO.PH01U•UTM.39.,+1 .-Rtc f~£,ft.V,

-~111~11
•
~ . . .
. . -. . .
.. . - . ..

IJY.~II~
ÆTHERFORCE
r~IIIN"hl 11--------IIIA~II~Il
- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
-
J~:\IES C. BRY.AS, OF PHIL..ll>ELPHll, PE~~SYLV ~L\..

IMPROVEMENT IN EARTH-BATTERIES.

Spec:.fication form:ng part of Letters Patent No. 160,132~ dated F~bruary~'l, 1875; application tiled
January 21, 1675.

To all zclto1n it may concen1: In the drawing, the voltaic battery is com-
Be it known thati,JA:\IES CII~P:\I~~ BRY.L.""'f, posed of several pieces or plates of chemically
of tile city or Phi!atlelphia, State of Pennsyl- pure zinc, A., and the same number of copper,
vania, ha,·e inventetlncw and useful Improve-· B. They are embedded in a cake of sulphur,
meut::; in Eartil-Batteries for electro-magnetic C, aJUl are connected by a large insulated wire,
purposes; mul I tlo hereby declare the tbl- D, whicil, being the primary coil between di~­
lowingto be a full and correcttlescriptionoftbe similar elemeuts, is exteudetl, without insula-
same, reference being ilatl to the accompany- tion, to the base of the sulphur cal~e C, ·aml
ing drawing~, and to tile letters of reference also in a spil·al coil or coils aromHl steel ma.:;-
nw:kcti thereon, waking a part of this specifi- nets E, whieh are pointed, magneti~ed, ami
catiOn. nickel- plated.
The object of my iu\·ention is to produce a Tilese batteries are planted in the· earth
current. ot' electricity from au eartil battery north and soutll, to receh·e the earth's current
or batteries capable of gene~atiug a. constant of electricity accordin~ to the magnetic poles. ·
current of coi1~itlerable intensit,·, to be used The prirnar): coil or coils D are snrronmled b~·
tor lightning-rods autl other purposes where a ~econdary insulated wire, P, in a spira.l coil
voltaic batteries u~iug solutions are now ap- or coils, to receh·e, b~- induction, elect:·icity
plied. · from the batteries' current through D.
It is known that if different elements-for 'Yhat I clalm as my iu,·ention is-:- A
in~tance, sheets of zinc and copper-be bur- 1. The impro\·ed voltaic earth-batte~·, con-.
ied or placed in the em·th a current of elec- sisting of the metals A. B, partially embedtl$-!d
tricity is generated; but I ha,·e clisco'"eretl tha.t in the sulphur C, as herein set fo1·th:. . .
if ::mch elemcn ts be partly em bec.llled in sui- 2. The combiuatiou, witb the \"Oltaic earth-
. phur, so that the dampness of the earth may . battery and primary coil, of. the serit~s of mag-
act in conjunction with tile .sulphur on tile nets torming tile magueto- electric b•,ttery,
metals, a more intense current will be created. substantially as herein described. .
I utilize tili~ in the following way: This cur- 3. The combination, witn the voltaic earth-.
rent is collected bv insulated wires coiled battery, magneto-electric battery mul"priumry
aroun<ln~ckel-plated steel wa.guets, which are coil, and tile secondary coil F, substantially as
planted north and soqth in tile earth, to re- herein set forth.
cei'"e the magnetic current of tile eartil; a
secondary coil or coils of insulated wire sur- J~)IES CH.l.P)IA.:Y BRY.l.:Y.
round~ the coil or coils around the magnets,
and receives, by induction, electricity from Witnesses:
l~oth tile Yoltaic and magneto-electric batter- Jos. T. K. PL..:\.~1·,
ies. THEOPL"CS S. KnniELL.

--
~11~1
ÆTHERFORCE
 ---------·1~~11~1

J. CERPAUX.
3 Sheets-Sheet 1.
-
ELECTRIC-PILES.
Pa.tented Oct. 3,' 1876.
No. 182,802.

IZ • •

ÆTHERFORCE
 ---------llll\..~J II~ I
J. CERPAUX.
ELECTRIC-PILES.
3 Sheets-Sheet 2. -~
No. 1S2,SOZ. Pa.tented Oct. 3, 1S76.

. .

-- -
~11r~11--------IIIV..~II~r ÆTHERFORCE
 ---------·~~~~~~~
J. CEiPAUX.
3 Sheets-Sheet 3.
-
ELECTRIC-PILES. -
~ SO~
No. 18 "' "·
Pa.tented Oct. 3, 1876.

ÆTHERFORCE
~lll~~Afl---1-----lll~~ll~l
- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
-
JULES CERP AUX, OF SaiNT JOSSETE:N NOODE, BELGIU~I.

- IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIC PILES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 182,802, dated October 3, 1876; application ftled
March 8, 1876.

To all toltmll it mag concenr,: the plate B 1 a rod, F, extends through, aml,
Be it known that I, JULES CERPAUX, of preferably, beyond said shank, it being insu-
the city of Saint Josseten Noode, in the King- lated therefrom in any suitable manner. In
dom of Belgium, ha~e invented a new and this case the wires or electrical conductors are
Improved Electric Pile, of which the follow- conuectetl, one with the shank E and the other
ing is a description: \Vith the rod F.
::liy in'\"ention consists in the combination Referring now to Figs. 6 and 7, A' .B' desig-
of plates of zinc and copper, or other metals nate annular or ring-shaped plates of copper
having analogous qualities, and provided \Vith and zinc, or other suitable materials, and az
a series of teeth or blades, said plates and series of teeth or blades e~tendiug from them.
their blades being separated by slats and These plates are separ-J.ted by strips of wood
blocks of wood, or other suitable insulating 0 2, or other insulating material. Wires or
material, whereby I produce a very superior electrical conductors are connected with the
electric pile, which, when inserted in m9ist plates A 2 .B2 as to the plates .a. B.
earth or sand, as hereinafter described, gen- Although I ha~e only shown these three
erates an electric current at but slight cost. distinct styles of carrying out my invention,
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 I do not intend to confine myself to them, but
represents an electric pile, made according to may make t"'lectric piles of other forms em-
my invention, and of tln.t form. Fig. 2 rept·e- bodying the same principle, namely, the plates
sen ts a transverse vertical section thereof. and insulated teeth or blades, made of metals
Fig. 3 is a top vie\v of the same. Fig. 4: rep- of different electric properties.
resents another form, in vertical section, of a Thes~ electric piles are inserted in moist earth
circular plate with radial blades. Fig. 5 is a or saud, or in a gaseous place, aml the conse-
sectional plan thereof. Fig. 6 represents a quent action upon the metals produces an
side view of another style of electric pile of electric current. If urine or liquid chloride
annular form; and Fig. 7 is a top view of the of sodium, or an analogous subst3 nce, is poured
same. on the earth or sand \Vhere the electric pile is
Similar letters of reference designate corre- inserted, the action upon the metals will be
sponding parts in all the figures. stimulated, and a very intense electric cur-
Referring first to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, A and B rent be ..produced, and may be intensified at
designate two plates, which are respectively will. · .
made of copper and zinc, or other metals bear- A very goOll place to insert these piles "is
ing the same electrical relations to each other. in a urinal, cess-pool, or privy, or dung-hill,
They consist of fiat strips with teeth or blades as in such a place a strong current will be
a b projecting from the lower edge. These constantly prouuced, and the necessity for
plates are separated from each other by strips supplying liquid is ob'\"iated.
of wood C, or other insulating material, and It is obvious that if ~be pile be inserted
their teeth or blades a b are separated by in earth contained in a receptable of ianper-
blocks c of the same material. Wires D, o1· vious material, any stimulating liquid poured
other electrical conductors, are fastened by upon the same will be coutined to the recep-
screw-cups e, or other means, to the plates A tacle, and its action ·on the pile be of longer
B, and may be connected at pleasure to pro- duration. Of course other substances or liquids
duce the electrical circuit. may be used to stimulate the electric action.
Referring now to Figs. 4: and 5, A 1 B 1 desig- I have mentioned the above because they
nate two circular plates, from which extend a are inexpeush~e, and enable me to produce an
series of radial teeth or blade~, a 1 b1• Like electric current at little or no cost except that
the plates A B they may be made, respect- of the pile.
ively, of copper and· zitic, .or other suitable The two styles of pile that I have repre-
metals, and they are iusulated by blocks of sented in Figs. 1, 2, aml 3, and in Figs. 6 and
wood or other suitable material 0 1• From the 7, have only their blades a band a3 tr, inserted

-- plate A 1 extends a tubular shank, E, and from

-
in the ground, and their plates proper, A B A 2

~~~~~~-------11~11~r
ÆTHERFORCE
~II ~~AJ 1---1------llli\~JII~ I
- ~', remaining above gronnd. as represented
182,802

only advantage due to this con~trnction of

-
in the drawings. The pile represented in Figs. .pile, for the plates proper, or shank and rod
4 and 5 has the plates A 1 B 1 and teeth or blades E F, con~titute a receh·er or accumulator of
a1 b1 inserted in the ground, and the tubular the electricity generated on the teeth or blades.
shank E and rod F project abo\"e ground, as. What I claim as my invention is-
s!::own in the drawing. . The electric pile, consisting of plates of cop-
This pile is very superior to any of which . per and zinc or other metals, bearing similar
I ba\"e knowledge. It embodies in its con- electric relations to each otller, provided with
struction a smaller amount of metal, but a series of teeth or blades, and insulated by
far greater extent of effective surface, to pro- strips, slats, or blocks of wood, or other suit-
duce an electric current of a given strength able material, substantially. as and for the
than any other electric pile. The pairs of purpose specified.
blades· or teeth are so far separated that the In testimony whereof I ba'r'e signed my
moist earth or sand will more effectively come name to this specification. before two subscrib-
in contact with e\"'ery part of that portion of ing \Vitnesses.
the pile which is inserted in the earth than it J"C"LES CERP.A U:X:.
could possibly do if the t'\YO plates of the pile
were continuous. Therefore tl.Jere is a larger Witnesses:
effecth·e surface than if tl.Je pile were other- FELIX DE KERT,
wise constructed. ~his, however, i~ not the A. H.A.USTZ.

-- -
~IIWA111 IIVNIII,.IP
ÆTHERFORCE
~~l~ll~vhll.--1------11~~11~1
- (loKodeL) -
G. F. DIECKMANN.•
BLIOTBIO BARTH JA.T!EBY.
. No._ 329,724. Patented. Nov. 3, 1886 •

6};\)~~~~ ~
.-9; .Lu~~
. ~.'Yh ~ek- maJ .W.,. 6Uoc.taetp. ·•
. .1?/1. ~I'-~
~p.~

-~11r~11 ..._..
..
---··
-
IJY...~II~
ÆTHERFORCE
~II ~..-hJ 11--------IIJA.~IIl.R l
- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE•
-
•
GEORGE F. DIECKliANN', OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH
TO PAUL G}IEHLIN, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC EARTH·BATTERY.

SPECil'ICA~IOH formlus part of Letter• Pateut Bo. 329, 72-i, elated November 3,1885.
ApplloatioD Sled JuDe IS, 11!@5. Serial X'o. 168,690. (lro modeL)

To aZZ whom it may concem,: but in order to make the internal resistance
Be it known that I, GEORGE F. DIECXli.A.NN, of the battery as low as possible and obtain a
a citizen of Germany, residing in the city, cheap construction, I prcfec to Corm each ele-
county, and State of New York, have invented ment or couple or zinc and copper plates or
s a new and useful Electric Earth-Battery, of sheets separated the proper distance by a 55
which the following i8 a specifi".ation. · sheet of felt, asbestos, or other suitable non·
Earth - batteries, consisting of electrodes conducting mat-erial and rolled up in a spiral
buried in the earth, as heretofore constructed, form, as clearly represented. in the drawings,
have not been capable of giving an electro· by which means I obtain a compact element
ro motive force greater than that obttlinable Crow having a large surface with a small distance 6o
a single couple-which is too small for practi· between the plates, and consequently a very
cal purposes-because, it a number or·couples low resistance. The zinc plate being the one
or elements were used and connected in series most acted upon sbouhl be made the thicker,
all the couples stood in the same electrolyte as I have indicated. Having constructed any
15 and short-circuited one another. By my in- desired number of the.~ elements according 65
vention I am enabled to bury a series of to the electro-motive required, I bury tbem
couples in the &'lme body of earth and con- in the earth at a proper depth in any desired
nect them together in series, so as to obtain positions, but relatively far apart, so that tho
from such a battery an indefinitely high elec- distance between them is great compared wi.th
20 tro-motive force· sufficient for charging storage- the distance between the two electrodes of any 70
batteries, operating electric bells, telegraphic one couple. Tho negative plate of each couple
and other purposes, &c. i8 then connected with tho positive plate of
To this end my invention consists in arrang- the next through the series, as represented-
ing the electrodes in such a way that the te- and the terminals of the battery thus formed
25 sistance betwtaen the electrodes of each couple are connected with the circuit to be supplied, 75
is small, wbile the resistance between the a telegraph-circuit, as represented, for exam-
couples i8 relatively large, and connecting the ple. The wires connectiug the couples should
negative electrode of each with the positive preferably be ~nsulated where they come near
electrode of the next by a low-resistance con- together belo,, ground, to prevent short·cir·
JO doctor, 80 that the short-circuiting e.trect of cuiting there. I have shown them entirely &J
the couples upon each other may be indefi- buried in the earth; bot of course they may be
nitely reduced, and the effect is practically laid above ground. The distance apart that
the same 88 if the couple were immersed in the couples should be placed depends upon
separated electrolytes. To arrange the rela· the resistance of the telegraphic or other work·
,35 tive resistances so 88 produce this e.trect I ing circuit. It its resistance be very high, 85
place the two electrodes of each couple com- .then the couples should be much farther apart,
paratively near together, and the separate in order that the difference of potential be-
couples relatively far apart, 80 that the re· tween one electrode of one couple and the
sistance between one electrode of one couple same electrode of the ne3:t couple may bo high -
...._ 40 and the same efectrode of the next couple is compared with the di.trereoce of potential be- 90 ----•
very much greater than the resistance be- tween the two electrodes of the same couple.
tween the two electro<les of the same couples, Similarly, the end couples of the battery should
and consequently the short-circuiting e.trect is be so far apart with reference to the resistance
reduced comparativelyto nothing. ofthe working-circuit that the resistance be·
45 lly invention is illustrated in the accom- tween them through the earth is great com- 95
panying drawings, Figure 1 representing my pared with the resistance of the working-cir-
arrangement of electrodes in plan, and Fig. 2 cuit, so that the working-circuit will not be
~ f showing them in elevation bnried in the earth. short-circuited; or, to express it more accu-
;..;;.1 rately, the eart.h-resista.nce between the end

--
In my battery any electrodes may be used,
so aud they may be of any desired size and shape;

-
couples should be so high that the Call of po- 100

~~~~VIII--:----ll~ll~r
ÆTHERFORCE
~lll~·~l--1------IIIA¥JII~I
- -
329,724

tential through it is great compared with the couples or elements are placed comparatively
fall through the working-circuit. This efft'Cii far apart;, whereby the short-circuiting efl'ect
is obtained by nu1king the distance between of the couples upon each other is avoided, and 10
the end cont>les correspondingly greater than an indefinitely high electro-motive force ob·
s that between adjacent couples-by arranging tained.
the couples in a straight line, for example. 2. An earth-battery consisting of a number
By thus properly proportioning the resistance of conplea or elements composed of sheet·
between the couples to the circuit-resistance. electrodes rolled up in a spiral form and buried zs
and internal resistnnceoCtheconples,theshort· in the earth and connected in series, the
10 circuiting eft"eet may be reduced more or less coaples beiug arranged comparatively far
to an insignificant amonnt, and any desired apart, whereby the short-circuiting etrect of
electro· motive force obtai ned from the bo.ttery. the couples upon each other is avoided.
I claim as my invention- June 12, 1885.
1. An earth-battery consisting of a number GEORGE F. DIECKMANN.
15 of couples or elements buried in the ea1·th and Witnesses:
connected in series, the two electrodes of each FIUNCIS B. CROCXEn,
couple being placed near together, ~bile the CHAS. J. M.\GUIRE.

-~11r~r~--------111~11~11
-
ÆTHERFORCE
l~llli\..'%11 ~~~11~1
- S. J. K. BEAtt~·
'l'ELEGRAPltiC CIRCUIT.
-•it
:_~
.;~
-
No. 192,S5S. .
l' a. t e n t e d J u 1y 10 , 18 7 7 :1
•. -:!~

···~

-~~'
.. te~~

-· -- .........

- ll·· ..... · ·---···· .· -

~IIJ~~~~~------IIWA~II~
ÆTHERFORCE
~IIIAYhJII---------IIIA.¥JII~II
- -
J':.
~-=

JP'NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

lit.:
t•
~:.
S fl'.(E 0 N J. M. B E A R, 0 F M IT C H E L L, I 0 W A.
t •.
tf·

IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPHIC CIRCUITS.

Specification lorming part of Letters Patent No. 192,8~6, dated July 10, 1817; application tiled
October 6, 167G.

f·ro
~
all 1chom it may concern:
: Be it known that I, SOIEON J. M. BEAR, of
in order that the whole of the electric current
may not return from the main battery di·
i:c-~ llitchell, in the county of liitchell aml State rectly through the earth and through E to the
-_ of 10\ra, haf'e iu,·ented au Iwpro~emeut iu battery, but a portion \rill pass to the copper
Telegraphic Circuits, of which the following element cat the distant station, in consequence
, is a speciticatiou : of the electric repulsion of the conductor E,
This iuf'eution is made for employing a non- and the resistance offered in passing from the
- in.;nl;lted comluctor, such as a gas-pipe or buried zinc plate :: to the negative pole of the
. wire laitl in the earth or in water, for conf'ey- battery; hence sufficient of the current will
. · ing tile electl'ic pulsations from one station to pass to and return from the buried copper
.. anotiler without the use of any return-circuit plate cat the distant station to record themes-
··· connection e~cept that aftorded by the earth sage in thP L'eceh·ing-instrument R.
{' itselt~ This iwpro"f'ement I designate the By reversing the connections to the main
:: "tt!rraqueous telegraph." battery and using a copper wire at E, ~ul­
__ In the anne~ed diagram these circuit-con· phate of copper or a coppet· plate at ::, ancl a
~-~- nectious are represented. zinc plate at c at the distant station, th~ elec-
S:: Tile maiu battery M B is provided with a tric current will flow in the opposite direction,
t metal~ic connection passing from the zinc or as the currents from like metals repel and fiow
t -n~gatn·e pole throu~h the key K to the wire, to the metal of opposite polarity at the dis·
3, pape, railway-bar, or otller continuous metallic tant station.
~-.connection, E, to the distant station, where tue 1 claim as my in"f'ention-
~ !tlay or receif'ing instrument R is connected A telegraphic circuit composed of a main
i-·. li1 such metallic circuit, and also to a copper battery connected to the earth, a non-insu-
~: plate, c, that is buried in the earth. The lated conductor to the distant station, of
~~ copper pole of the main battery l\I B is also metal of the same polarity a~ the pole of the
;':;· counected to the earth by a zinc plate, either battery to which it is connected, and a plate
3- naked, immersed in acid, or a solution of sol· buried at the distant station of opposite po-
f Pha.te ~f zinc in a porous cup, and these are larity, substantially as set forth.
{-: barted m the earth or immer~ed in water npon Signed by me this 7th day of ~Iay, 1875.
~ the earth. . S. J. 1\I. BEAR.
~;·- 'I~ile wire, pipe, or other non-insulated me· Witnesses:
~ · ta.lhc c!>nnection, E, should be of zinc or coated D. LINDSLEY,
!=~·; 1\"Ith zmc, or of the same polarity as the zinc, F. VAN HoosER.

-- -
~11~1 IW..~lll~r
ÆTHERFORCE
l~ll~"'hll--1------III~VLAJII~I
- (No Model.)
W. W. JACQUES.
Electric Circuit.
-
··.

No. 241,371. Patented M a y 10, 18 81. .~

-~~

-~z1
-~~
J:•
~-
..,~
~~
~.,y

.
. :~
...~

·--·.

I il_ ...Zeqior.
. ~~-~~ ilat~~J.

~&na1 ~'! tH~

-~llf~ll---------IIJY~~~~~
·-
. - -
Ill PETtlllo. ""'*'~· w..-.- D. C.

ÆTHERFORCE
I~II~•AJI---1-----II~%JII~Il
- UNITED STATES. PATENT
\
·-
WILLI..!.)l W. JACQUES, OF BOSTOY, ~IASSACHUSETTS.

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 241,371, dated May 10, 1881.
.···...
·

A.pplleatioa ~le~_l(ar~h 25, U!tU. (~o model.)

To all zclton& it 111,ay concern: ·· I

encl of the distnrl>etl region. The equal and
Be it known that r. \YILLI"-lf \V. J A.CQUES, opposite impulses will pro<luce no effect by in-
of Boston, county of Sntfolk, and State of tinction npon n. neighboring wire equally ex-
liassacbusetts, ba\·c irH"entetl a ue\v anti usc- posed to both, ancl consequently the transmis- 55
5 ful Impro,·ement in Electric Circuits, of \l"hich ::sion of ml.!ssages on~r the line will produce no
the following clescription, in connection with di~tarbance, aUll llw transmitting -apparatus
the accompanying dr.1wing, is a specification. is of such nature that eqnal ancl similar im-
i\Iy irn·ention relates to au electric circuit or pnlsl~S in the two wires (such as produced by
arrangement of conductors and other appara- if!duction from a. neigbbodng wire) willnotim- 6o
1c tns, as hereinafter described, .forming a con- part any impulse to tbe single wires outside or
tinuous line of communication tor the trans- , the dist.url.Jed region.
mis~ion of electric impulses, aml bas for it~ 1 Thctransrnittingapparc.ttus consists of aeon-.
object to pre\'"eut iuclncti\'"e disturbances fl·orn 1 tlenser system which may corn·enieutly be de-
neighboring parallel lines, and is especially j scribed as consisting of twocomlensersof com- 65
15 intended to be used where the line is exposetl lrnon constrnc!tion, one coating of one of th~
to disturbing influence only tor one or more saill con<lense1·s being connected with tbe sin-
lletachetl portions of its length not starting · gle line, arul the other coating connected with
from either terminal thereof. one \\"ire of thn double line tra,ersiug the ex-
The indnctiYe clisturl>ances lHL\·e been nen· posecl region, mul alsocomwetetl with one coat- 70
~o tralize<l eflecth·ely by a plan in\'"oh·ing the use ing of the other condenser, the otller coating
of a circuit wholly metallic in the region ex· of which is connected with the other wire of
posed to inducth·e disturbance, ancl in ot·der the uouble line.
to make a coUJplete operati\e circuit the sn.icl The arrnngem<'nt of wires ot·couductors ~\nd
metallic or double-wire circuit has to be ex- condensers is illnstratetl in the dra"·ing, in 75
25 tended from one terminal station thron~h all which the hea,·y signs aml arrows sho\~ how
the e~posell regions, at the end of which one an electric impulse produced at one end of the
wire may be grounded and the other extended line proclnce~ a similar impul:\e at the other
onto the other terminal station ancl tllerc end, anti the light arrows and signs sl,on·ing
groundet.l, or, by another plan, suitable appa- the manner iu \l"hich similar impnlses in the So
30 ratus is employed to tmn~mit the electrical 1, two wires, such as pt·odncelll>y indnction from
irnpulses from a single wire o1· grounded cir· 1 a neighboring wire in the l'Xposed region, are
cuit to a double wire or metallic circuit trav- neutralized in their action on the single wire, ·
ersiug the <listurbed region, and f1·om this 11 thus proclucing no effect therein.
again to a grounded circuit, as shown aml tle·j The main line 2 is groundecl at the terminal Ss
35 scribed in the Patent No. 232,788, dated Sep- station A, where it passes through the tele-
I
tewber 28, 1880, to which reference may bl~ phoueT,ot·otherin~trumeutfot·producingelec­
had, in \l"hicll imluctiou-coils were employee I trical impulses, ami thence pas:3es to the region
to transmit tl..ae impulses from OIIP. circuit to I e~pose<l to inducti\·e uisturbance, which may
another. • be, for example, tra\ersetl by a cable inclml- go
40 In the present iu,·ention two separate insn- iug sC\·eral wires. 'rhe line-wire 2 is therecon-
latell wires arc employetl in the disturbed re- nected with one of the coatings or series of
gion, aml single wires are employed ontsitle of plates p of a condenser apparatus, U, the other
the said region, and suitable transmittiug ap- coating, n, of wbicll is connected \rith a line,
paratus, as hereinafter described, is interposed 3, tr~n·ersing tuo distnrbe'l region, and also 95
45 l>etween the single allll double wil·e portions of with another coating, n', arranged to act on
tho entire line by which nn electric impulse in still another coating, p', connected with an-
tile singlt~ wire will impart substantiallyeqnal other line, 4, tr:n-ersing the espose<l region,
ancl opposite impulses to the two wires in the aucl insulated from the wir-e 3 aud otucr par-
~istnrbecl region,mul these equal and opposite allel conductors. 'rhe wirl's :J -l: will be twisted ;c.o
. 5° t~pnlses in tlle two wires will again impart a together ot· otherwise arran~ecl so that tl.ae
smgle impnlse to the single wire at the other mean or an•rage distance of each from any

-~llrU~II--------IIW•~lii~F
-
ÆTHERFORCE
I~IIIN'hJII--------11~~11~1
- 2

neighborin-g conductor is the same, aml they 3 4, the direction or polarity of \Thicb
-
are connected at their other ends with the coat- pend on the polarity of the current in
ings P' N of a condenser apparatus C' simi- turbing line and whether the charge is
- Iar to the one C already described. The coat- ing or decreasing at a gh·cn point. ,If
5 ing ~is connected with another coating, :N'', currents be such as represented by the
affected by the coating P' connected with the rows at a-that is, posith·e curreuts a u~:rn::~•~
wire 3 and a coating, P, under the iuductif'e I the comlenser apparatus C-th~y will
influence of the coating :N is connected with plates lJ' and 1t charged with uerrat'h'l;·<~~e ~·.1!.!,....,.
1

the line 5 leading toward the other terminal tricity, and that in· the plate B' ~cts on
to station, B, where it is grounded after passing plate n' to produce posith·e electricity in
through the instrument T'. plate n', which ut-ntralizes the nerrath·e
The coatings :N 'S' and n. n' may be consid- in the coating n, so that no effect is cua~~
ered as two portions of the same set of con- in the coating p and line:!. In a sirn
nected surfaces, and it is ob,·ious that a. single ner the currents represeuted by the a
x5 condenser of ordinary construction may be em- b produce unlike charges in the coatilws
ployed, btning a portion of one set of lea~es- which nentralize one another, so that 1 ~0
e.,
i. p-connected \Tith line 2, and the rest of is produced iu the line 5.
that set-i. e., p'-counected with the line 4; It is obYious that tilere mig·ht be t\\"O
while the ''"bole other set, n n', is con nectetl more exposed portions of the line pro,·icled
20 with the line 3. I double wires aml suitable cotHlenser
The operation in transmitting an nnpnl:-;e tus, aml that the line may ue emp
from one station to another, as from .A to B, transmit or reproduce any kind of~ariable
I
is as foliO\l"S, the cm·reuts ueing imlicatetl by clulatory~ orintermittent impulses, ~uch as'
the heat':)'" arrows which represent posith·e phonic or ma~ncto-electric currents procl
zs electricity: A. positiYe impulse or current gen- 1 by any suitn.hl~ generator.
era.ted by the instrument T charges the coat- I claim-
. ing p with posith·e electricity, and thi~, in the I 1. In a. line of electric corumnnicatiun,
well-known manner, acts on the coating n to single wire or cotHluctor atHl clonble wire
I
charge it with negath·e electricity \l"hich has conductorcomhined with condeuserapp:u·atn.1,
30 to be drawn from tile line 3, the electricity of the coatings of w·hich arc co1mect•;d with tbo·
which is decomposed, the posith·e 'being sent, saitl conductors, as described, wllerehy an ha.
a.s indicated by the arrow, to the coating P', I pnlse or cnrreut in the siug-lc wire \rill prounce
which it charges po~ith·ely, as im1icatetl 'by ecptal <1llc.l opposite impulses in ti.Jc two wires
the he~wy sign +· The twgatif'e electricity of the donl>le comlnctor, aml e(]nal and oppo-
35 drawn to the coating 11 will also charge tile site impnl~cs iu the double couductor will p~
connected coating u', and. til is in actin~ on the dnce a .single impulse in tile single collllnctor,
coating p' will c.lra''" a charge of positi\·e elec- and equal and similar impulses in the tlonble
tricity trom the line 4, as indicated hy the conunctor will produce uo effect in the sin214tr·~il
bea,·y arrow, and will send the negath·e elec- conductor, substantially as described.
40 tricity to charge the coating N, tllis effect be- 2. The single wire and double wire com
ing also increasefl by the action of the coating witll the condenser, haYing one set of CO:lltin:S-1
p' on tile oue 'S' couuected with the one :Y. oonnt.~ctecl with the said. siugle wirt, nnu a
I
The negatin~ charge on the plate X attracts a. tion of a second set of coatings atleet~tl there-
charge of posith·e electricity from the cartil by connected with one of the tlonl>lc wtrcs, and
45 through the line ;'j ancl instrument T' thPrein. a. third set of coating~ afti•detl hy tl1~ otb~r
as indicated l>y the arrow. _-\ uegath·c im- portion of the saitl secoud set and connc~ted
pulse produced at T \l"ill, in like manner, be with the other ouc of the said tlonulc 'n
reproduced at T', and impul~es prouuced at T' substantially as aud for the purpose set
will be reproduced at T, and iu the trausmis- In testimony whereof I Ila\"'e signed my
so sion equal and opposite currcuts or impulses tu this specification iu tlw presence of two :sllu~~I'JI
will be produced in the lines 3 4, which will scribing witnesses. ••
just balance and neutralize one another as far I \YILLI.:\.~[ "~· .J ACQU hS.
as any effect on neighboring lines is concerned.
An impulse in any neighboring line, as D, \Till
I 'Yi tnesse~:
.Tos. P. LIYER.:\IORE,
55 produce, byimlnction, like currents in tile wires BER:'iiCE .T. NoYES.

-~11r~11---------IIW...~lll~l
-
ÆTHERFORCE
~~~~~~~~·-------•I~W~II~I
- D. DRAWBAUGH.
Earth-Battery for Electric-Clocks.
-
No. 211,322. Patented Jan. 14, 1879..
~U,.1.
v.

UJi'Cne.sses:
~.//6. ~ea-f/vL.
/3/dif4-~~

-~IIJ~~II---------11~11~
-
ÆTHERFORCE
 ITNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

·· · D.A~IEL DRA,YBAUGII, OF EBEULY'S )!ILLS, .A.SSIG~OR TO THEODORE GRIS-

t· SI~GEH, OF :\IECHlliCSlluRG, .A~D JA.COD ll. GRISSI:SGEH n"'D JACOB E.
fi SllErrTEL, OF SIIEPHERDSTO\V:N, PE~~Sl.~ Y.A.:SI...l, OSE-FOT:RTH TO EA.CH..

-
..-·;.

~,
#.•
IMPROVEMENT IN EARTH-BATTERIES FOR ELECTRIC CLOCKS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent Xo. 211,322, uatcd January 14~ le79; application filctl
September ~0, le7A.

To all 1c-lwm it may cmzcenr,: In theaccompanyingllrawing,Fignre 1 repre-

Be it known that I, D.\.~mL DR.\.wn~\.rGrr, sents a. front elen1tion of the skeleton ofc.l Yase-
of Ei>erly~s :\Iills, county of Cuml>erlaml, aml elock, the Yase, train of whe~ls, tlial, and ha.uds
Stnte of Pennsyh·ania, lnn·e iln-ented an Im- · being omitted. Fig;. !! represents a top view
-pro,·ement in Earth-Batteries, ofwltic~h the fol- of the same. Fig. 3 repre~euts a sectional view
lowing is a. full, clear, anll exact description, of a bracket, from which the actuating mech-
reference being luul to theaccompanyingllraw- ani:;m of the clock is snsvended. Fig. 4 rep-
ing·s, makiug a part of this specitication. resents a bracl~et, on which the electrie bral~e
The nntnre of mY inn~ntion is brietlv stated is loeatetl. Figs. ;j antl u represent the ziuc
to he an earth-battery cousisting of au elec-
trie couple of plates of opposite electric prop-
antl the copper plates, respecth·ery, shown pro-
tee tell by coatings, a:-: in my imprO\-etl earth-
erties~ peculiarly protectetl by certain other battery. Fi~. 7 repre:-;cnt:; au edge Yiew or the
substance~, mul preparccl as a new article of subjects ot' Fig~. 3 ami-!, aml sections of clock-
umnnfacture 1,,,. ha,·ing saicl prot~ctiug :-;ub- standard and suspenders of magnets.
stances applied tixctlly to :mill plates by auy Theskeleton-clockah•n·e referred to is herein
snitablo mlhcsh·e. c.Jescrihed only in part. as it is hl•rewith con-
The nldt·ct of my iuYcntion is to prodclc a. nected merely as an illustration of the appli-
suitable mean:o; to procure mul apply to u:-oe cation ancl n:sc of my impron~uwnt in earth-
natin! electricity from the earth to replenish batteries, it being rescr,·e<l for a more complete
})erm<utent magnets at inter,·als between times specification in a separate application tor pat-
of their engagement-as parts of motor mecll- ent., hereafter to uc m~ule.
auism employed to run clocks, sewing-ma- Said copper ami zinc plates 0 1 and 0 2, respect·
chines, or other machinery-said magnets be- h·ely, are pro,·itled with insulated conductors
ing thus kept saturated with the electricity dc- Y y::, respecth·ely, which arc joined to saitl
l'iYetl from the earth to a maximum (legrec, or plates by solllering; anu they are connected at
to a degree abo,·e the power required to run their other extremities. ln· tile binders K lt
any gh·en motor. K.' It', with conductors oit tlie untler side of base
In the accompanying drawings, 0 1 represents A, anll on tile rear side of uprights N with the
a copper plate, coated by a layer of powderetl electro-magnet Q Q' by conductors m n, sahl
coke, forming an enYcloping-body, vz, thereon, electro-magnet being a part of my eartll-bat·
anll fi~etl thereon by any suitable adhesive; tery, and it is suspendetlby ro<li> from bracket
and 0:· represents a zinc plate, coated or co\·· B, to which it is alljustably connected by the
ered by a layer of felt, v:~, or any texture formeu tlnunb-nuts tt' on opposite sides of the frame E.
·Of hai_r, wool, or of other animal matter, stuck ::\I represents a permanent magnet, snell as
on smu plate by any suitable adllesi ,-e. Said it is the object of my eartll-l>attery to supply
plates are pro,·itled with said coats Y 2 andy;.; witll magnetism at inten·als of its engagement.
respectiYcly, for two purposes-first, to form Said permanent magnet has its poles z car-
cfi'cctual connection between the plates aml ranged to vibrate horizoutally by or past the
the earth in snell manner that the plates ma.y I>oles of electro-magnet Q Q', and it is mounted
be protected against oxidation and consequent centrally in the balance-wlteel L, to the hub o_t'
corrosion and chang-e of constitution; second, which it is adjnstably clampctl by screw''.
that said plates may be a complete new arti- Said bahl.uce-wheel Land magnet .Mare unit-
cle of manufacture, haxing their adllerent sub- edly suspended by a thin strip of spring-steel,
stances fixedly nttachetl to them, as stated, so C, on bracket B, and therefore they arc allowetl
that they need only be embedded iu the earth limited vibration, actuatetl by tile power of at·
t? be ready for usc when the battery-counec- traction and repulsion of the magnets l\1 and
t~ons are made with any suitable train it is de· Q Q', said steel strip or ribbon of steel C acting
Signed to moYe, as a torsion-spring to limit the viura,tion. A

-- -
~11r~11--------IIW...
~II~F
ÆTHERFORCE
~~~~~·hill------·~~~~~~~
- 2

rod, D, also connected with balance-wheel hub fore, insures the permanence of the natural
-
L', loosely passes through bracket B, and has magnet as. a regular power in a motor, an<l it
firmly fi::ted on its top the cross-head g, which may be successfully applied to clocks, sewing-
is pro'"'ided with the pins d d thereon, by which machine motors, and other machinery. The
the pallets p p are belc.l balanced on sai<l cross- clock in the accompanying drawing suggests
head, and are actuatell thereby while it vibrates by its form how it may be usell on vessels a.t
or rocks to moYe the ratchet-wheel H, which sea, as the battery may also be employed in
rna~- mo\e any suitable clock-train mounted water.
on base-plate Z. Having thus fu1ly and clearly described my.
On bracket S a pi\oted plate, R G, is ap- invention, what I regarll as new and useful,
plie<l di'"'idedly to the eccentric part f on rod and what I desire to secure by Letters Patent
. D, ~n such manner that the del"'ice acts as an of the "t""nite<l States, is embrace<l in the fol- ·
electric-circuit opener aud closer alternately lowing claims: .
at every fo~ward aml backward stroke of the 1. As a new article of manufacture, an earth-
balance-wheel L. battery or couple composed of a copper ancl a
·. The object of the last-describe<l device is to zinc plate, both protected ti::tedly by en\elop-
complete the circuit from the earth through the ing bodies of coke and felt, respecth·ely, or of
electro-magnet Q Q' at eYery return. stroli:e of equh·alent substances, applied lJy adhesh·es to
said wheel L, and thus reJlleJlish the pernmnen t saitl plates, ready made tor use, in the manner
magnet :\I at the interYals· when repulsion of and for the purpose substantially as set forth.
the poles of the magnets is occurring. ~. The earth-battery or electric couple com-
It is well known that when permanent mag- posetl of the coppet· plate 0 1, thec:lly protected
nets are being used i.n attracting ancl repelling by coating of coke V2, anll the zinc plate o::,
while actuating parts of machinery in motors fixedly protected by coating of telt YJ, or saitl
they gradually lose their maximumofmugnetic plates fixedly protected lJy eqnh·alent SHU-
power, being successin!ly more and more de- stances, iu combination, by conductors, with a
pleted or robbed at eYery stroke or pass of the permanent 'magnet in a motor-train, for replen-
... impelled mec£1anism, and therefore the motor ishing said magnet with electricity from the
· l.iecomes unreliable in all sittiations where uni- earth through an electro-magnet, Q Q', sub-
formityofmotionisrequiretl. To pre,·ent such stantial!\· as set forth.
•exhau:-;tetl or impaired condition of snell mag- In testimony that I claim tile foregoing a~
uct.i I e-mploy my improYetl eaith- battery, my inYeution I have hereunto set my haml
coupletl in suitable manner with an electro-mag- this l~th day of September, 1878.
net, at·ranged iu pro pet· proximity to such per- D ..:\.~IEL DR..:\.,VB..:\UGU.
manent magnet to supply it constant!~· to satu- .Attest:
ration with electricity or natin~ magnetic intln- TnEormLL"S WE.A. VER,
ence from the earth. ::\fy impro,·ement, there- PETER Srt:cKEY.

-~~~~~~--------IIWA~II~
-
ÆTHERFORCE
l~ll~"'hll.l------·~~~~~~~
- W. D. SNOW
Earth-Batteries for Generating Electricity •.
-
·No.155,209. Patented Sept. 22,1874 • •

-~~~~~11------IIJ¥'.&.~111~
-
ÆTHERFORCE
1~11~1---1----11~~~~~~~
- UNITED ST~~TES PATENT OFFICE.
. -
WILLlDl D. SXOW, OF BROOKLY~, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN EARTH-BATTERIES FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 133,209, dated September ~2, 1874; application tiled
June 6, 1874.

To allzrlwm it may concern; use to '_V_hich the electric current is to be ap-

Be it known tiln.t I, ".ILLIJ..:\I D. SNoW, of plietl.
Brooklyn~ in tile State of ~ew York, ha\"'e in· Some attempts ha\"'e been made to use
Yeuretl a, certain Impro.\emeut in Earth-Bat- earth-batteries tor \"'arious purposes. Such
teries for Electro.)Iaguetic ...-\.larms, &c.; ami earth-batteries were mntle by simply burying
I {lo llereby declare the following to be a full a single set of elements in the earth, anti
nntl correct description of the same, reference pro,ed of little or no practical ,-alue, ou ac-
being hall to tile accompan)·ing drawing, count of the \·err feeble intensity of the cur-
wllicll represents a series of electro-magnetic rent generated. I ilaYe discoV'ered~ howe,·er,
si;;naliug or ;:tlarm apparatus )llacetl in a that if n. series of elements be used in the
bouse mul operated by a current deriYed from earth~ coupletl together so as to form an eartll-
an earth-battery, as hereinafter more fully set battery of any requiretl size, this objection is
forth. obviated, aiUl a constant current of consider-
The olJject of my in,·ention is to avoid the able intensity is obtained, capable of opet·at-
employment of artiticial electric batteries tor ing steadily quite an a.wonnt of apparatus.
tlu~ purpo:;es of house-signaling-, tire antl bur- ln tlle urawing, A.. and B ma.rk two series
g-lar alarms, and for the operation of other cir- of electrodes, which may be of zinc auu car-
cuits. bon, as marked C and Z, burietl in the earth
In tlle common systems employed for these under the house in wllich the circuit is to be
purposes a local or house battery is employed, used, the wire tl lJeing a connection between
requiring to be kept iu wGrldng order by the the dissimilar elements of tlle two series; U
occupaurs of the building iu wllicll it is placed, D, the wires for conuuctiug the current. which
who are usually entirely ignorant of its struct- ma.y be made to complete the circuit by pass-
ure and uses; or else the street line of wires ing through E, an automatic thermostat; F,
is carried into the house, aml thus subjt~cted a repeater, connected with the street-wires J
to all the contingencies to wllich the house it- J; G, an annunciator; H, a fire-annihilator; or
self is liable. I, a signal-writing-bar apparatus, eitller one
I ob,·iate the trouble, annoyance, and dan- or more of these, each operatetl by the cur-
g·er to public safety incident to the systems rent in any of the usual mode8.
referred to, by employing the current from an 'Vhat 1 claim is-
eartll-bnttery witllout the inten·ention of any 1. The improved earth-battery, consisting of
cups or vess(.lls containing aGids or other a series of elements buried in the earth aml
agents for the decomposition of zinc or other connected together to tor!n a battery, sub-
m~tals, commonly calletl n. "battery." This I stautia.lly as and tor the purposes set forth.
~ffect by making use of an earth- battery 2. The combination of two or more electric
formed by burying the electrodes in the eartll currents or circuits, when one of these is a
UIH.ler the house at the depth of permanent current derivetl from an earth-battery, sub·
moisture, so tllat the action of the dampness stantially as described, and is employed to op-
of the earth upon the plates will develop a erate the other or others.
sufficient permanent current for the required The above specification of my said in\"'an·
purposes. From these buried plates I rt\n a tion signed and witness~d at "\\""ashington
telegraphic circuit in the house to connect this 30th day of l\Iay, A. D. 1Si4.
with thermostats, signaling apparatus, fire '\Yitnesses: . ,V. D. S~OW.
and other alarms, annunciators, gas·lighters, . ,Y.P.BELL, .
or repeaters, according to the nature of the CHas. F. Sl'.\.."'ISDURY.

--- -
~llfU~II--------IIJY~~II~f
ÆTHERFORCE
Clfo Model.)
-

fit-Rd~,ft-uook~ieza
J3,y~~~ A llorr;cys.

•
-
ÆTHERFORCE
- UNIT ED STATES . pATENT OFFICE.

NATIIAX H. STUJlllf~EFIET~T>, 01·" MlTHRA Y, KENTUCKY, A~ST<:XOH OJ•" ONE-

HAT~ I·, TO ""'IT~LI.A)( G. T.. OYJt~, 01., S.A1\IJ4~ PT...ACK

ELECTRICAL BATTERY.

SPECIFICATION tormmg parl of Letters Patent No. 600,467, dRted March 8, 1898.
Applleatloalled Oetobtr U, '89ft • .Serfallfo. 609,969. Clfo model.1

To aJZ lul,om, it m,ay concc1"1r,: · . h"reinn(fcr more rnlly de!itm·ihc•cl, iltn~f.t•:tt('cl,

Jlo it known thnt 1, NATIIAN Jl. STt7Jml.F!· nncl clnimcd.

-
J.~uo:r~n, a cltl7.en or f.ho United 8tntc~, rcsiclln:;: In tho drnwing!', Figure 1 i~ a siclc elc•,·a-

--
at l\htrrny, in tho county or Calloway nnd lion or :111 t")ec~tricnl hnttery eonsf l'tH•tecl in ss -
5 :-it.ato of 1\cntucky, )Jn\·e inYcnted n new :uul nccordnnce with thi~ inn~nt.ion. Fi~. ~ i~ n
uscful.J~Icctrical HntterY, oC which the Col- ccntr:tllon~itnclin:tlseetionnl \"it•woCtheh:tt-
lowing is a S}leciflcntion."' tery, ~howiitg the~nme imnu·•~etl in w:tfer· :t-;
This bn·cntion rr.latcs to clcctricnl bat.- the t'lct~lrolytc. Fig. :J i:-. nn t'nl:u'f!P•l ~ec­
terics; nnd it hm11 Cor its object to pmvitlc n tionnl ,·iew oC a pm·tion of tlw hatr•••-r, ~huw- lio
ro no,·cl nnd tn·:tctit"al hnttery Cor gcncntting ing mm·c c·lc~:ll'ly tlu~ nuannet· nf wiJuliu~ tht'
clectricalcurrentsoC RufficientCorce Corpraf•- \"ollnic <'onplr. u.r, in nthc•r wm·cl~, tlw wiJ·r·~
tical m~e, nn<l nlso }Jro\·itling means Cor gen- comprbdng the con piP. Fi~. I is :t n••·lic•:tl
cmting not only a con~tnnt 1,rimarycurrcnt, ~cctionnl \·icwor tlw lmttm·y, .;hnwn muclilic•cl
but nlso nn indu~ctl momentary R~eonclnry Cnr II!'CC with :ua inchH•tiotH·nil.
15 current. . HcCct•ring tu the 1\('f'UIIl(t:lfl)"ill;! clr·nwin:.:~,
It is well known thnt ir may \"ollni•• c•onple t.Jao nnmrt·nl 1 clc·~i:,:u:tff'~ :t l"nff·it·un •·ut·c•-
l.Jo lmmet-sed in wnter or plnced In moist. enrt.h pic~o cxfcncling lon~it.ncliuall,\· of the.• ~utir·c~
tho }losith·o clement or t.ho r.onJlle will nn- bnftf't'Y :tn•l JH't'f.. r·ahl,\· in 1h•• form nf :t ht~ll
tlct·go ngnh·nnicnction oC sunicicnt intensit-r h:t\"ing nt one ('lltl :t nut.:!, which Ju.•r·mits or 70
20 to })rochico 1\ CUrrent when the tcrminnls o( the }l:ll'fR n( tlu• h:tt1f't'Y hein:,t l'(':ttlily :l~~HIII·
tho coulllo nro bt·ought, in cont.nct, nml this hlecl togclltct· nncl :al~o •tnilc :a~ t·e:ulily taken
form oC buttery is commonly kno"'·n ns the npnrt Cm· the pm·pos('!-4 ur t't'pait·, n~ will he•
"wnt.er" battery, ustt:lllyemtJioyetl Corchnrg- readily unclt~t~l oocl. The cent 1':11 Jongitncli-
ing electrometers, but not CR}):tbJc O( gi\·ing 11:\Jl.)"-Rrrnngctl C!HI't'·piece l or the h:tf let•y h:t~ 75
25 an:· .;;.vmn<lernhle ctn·rent O\Ving to their ~trent remo\·nbly fittt'«l on the opposite t'ncl~ t het·eor
internal resistnncc. Now th~ principle in- t.he opr·,·~itei~·-Jocafcderul hr.:ttl!i ;;, conliuin~
\"oh·c<l in this clm~s of bnttcrics is utiF tecl to therr.hctwet"n the mngnctic coil-hml~· ·~ nr the•

- some extent in cnrrying out the 1n·cscnt in-

\"<mtion, but I contcmtllntc, in connection
30 with l\'ater or moisture n~ the electrolyte, the
usc of n no\·el \·oltnie couple conslrnctccl in
Huch 1\ manner ns to greatly multi[Jiy or in-
crenso t11celectrical output of ordinary voltaic
cells, whilo nt the snmo timo proc.lncing in op-
35 crntion n mngnetic fleltl having n. ~nfficient.Jy
hnttory, ~ni•l hcncl~ :llu•ing ur woml m· ('c{ltirn-
lent materinl. 'l'hec•oil-hmly 4 or the battery
i~ compactly rorme•l by clm;eJ~·-wcimHl c!ni1~
of 1\ copper ancl h·cm wit·~ ;j nncl fi, t't'~per~·
th·cly, which wirc!i fm·m t.lu~ elect r(lde~ nf the
voltaic conple,:nul while nece~!'t:trily in:-.nlntc~cl
Crom cnch other, so ns to lut\'O no met1tl1i~
contact., nre preret·nhly wunncl in the m:tmu•r
So

Ss
--
strong imlucth·e effect to induce n current in clearly illu~trntcd in Fi~. :1 or the tlt·nwin~~.
n solenoicl or scconclnry coil. In tho prcCt'rrecl wituling of the wit·~~ 5 nmt
'l'o this entl the invention contemplates n r, tho copper wh·c 5 i~ incasecl in nn immtat-
form oC \'Oit:tiC bnttery Jtn\·ing magnetic in- ing-Co\·cring 7, white the iJ·on wiJ·o lj i~ ft. h:l.l'~ 90
40 cluction }U'O}Jerties O( Htlfficicnt inten~ity, RO 01' 11:\kccl wire, !itO tl~ to hn lllOI'r. CXpo~ecJ f.o
t\S to UO C:t}l:thlo o( Utilization fot• pr:tcti<.':l.l the action or the CIPCtl'fJJ\·fcl :tllfl :tf. lht• ~:tlllfl
purposes, nnd in the nccomplislunent uC the time to intcnRify tho m:i:.pwlic! field that. i~
•·esults sought Cor the invention Ctll'thel' pt·o- cre:Ltecl nntl mnint.ainecl within nnd nt·otJncl
Yitles a CIJIIStl'llCtion of battery cnp:tlJle or tho coil-hfl(l.r 4-, whc.•n the lmt.lCJ"Y is ill Of't'l'· ?5
45 }lrOdllCing 1\ Clll'l'ellt Of fJI'aCtiC:tlJy COil~tanf; :ttion RIICl prmlU<.'ill:,t an t•1c.•t•f l"ic•:tf f'IJITI'Itl .
clcct•·omoth·eCot·co nnllbeingpt·nctic.•nlly!t·co \Vhile the iron wire li i:-. pt·efemhly h:trl' or·
of tho rnpid polnrizntion common in nil gnl- nnked Cm· the •·enson!i slat.ecl, this wir·c• mar
\'nnic or \'oltaic hattcric~. nh;o be insulnte<l wit.hout tft~st.royin~ t Jw op-
"rith the~c nn<l many other objects in vie\v ernth·eness of the haltcry, nncl in ol'clet· to Sf.'· 1 oo
- so tho invention consists in the novel const..... uc- cure t.he best results tho wires ;; nml fi nrc -

~~~I =n:i~n~r~m~C;·n·s ,w;u~d~s~~:h=:r~ ~~

ÆTHERFORCE
- tho windings, ns t.·l~nrly shown In J.•ig. :J or prinutry current. JH"o11llcf'cl within the t•nil I i~
tho drnwin~rs, ~o thnt in euch coil or layer or maflc hetwccn the tt'l"lllinnlM :mi•l t•oil -t. It nr
t.ho whulinbrs there will be alternate con\·oln- will t hcrcCore hC' ~C'<.'II t h:t t. t h•• <'nll~tJ·nf'fiun
tions or tho copper nnd iron Wii"<'R forming nr the lmUt>t·y illu~tralt•cl in Fi:.r. -1 i!o\ tmwti- 7o
5 tho Yoltaic ~ouple, llllll it will oC r•onrse be t•ally n sc.•lf-gf'nC'ratin:,r inchwtim~·<·oil, :lllcl it
-
understood that t.here mny he nny number of f!:tll he n~ecl fm: {'\"('I"~· Jltii'JtflSt' tJmt :l f•oil or
Reparnto coils oa· lnyerl't or the wires nccorcl- t hi~ ch:u·acte1· is nst'cl, fur-:ts lnn;r ns t lw cui J.
ing to the re,Jtlire(l size nnd cnpneity oC the bculy -1 is W(~f. ot• tl:t 111 p with moist 111'1' <.'l<.'(•t •·ic•
buttery. ]f;ncb coil or Inycr of the windin;..~ em·rr.nfR will he lli"Othtct.•tl in the mamw1· ''"· iS
10 is separated from the ndjncent coils or lnyel"s Rcrihrcl. It will nlso h<' nh\·iun~ t h:t t h\· r·t•n-
by nn interposed lnyer of cloth or c.tnh·ulcnt. ROU of the 111:\J!Ilf'tit: inclncl i\•n Jli"OJif!l'tif'M of
instdnting nuatf'rint ~. :uul n. similnr Jnyer ur the coil-hod.r 4 t hr. cm·c-piecn I will nccc•s-
humlntingmnteriat nalsosnrronndst.hc lnn~i­ ~n.rily ho mn;.rtwf.i7.ecl while 1\ <'UI"t"Pflf. is ~o­
tndinnl corc·IJicce 1 toinsnlntcfrom thiseore- in~ tht•ongh the boclr -l, ~.n that. t h~ h:tf l.l'I"Y So
rs piece thO inncrlllORt COil or Juyer•of the.wind· mny be tl!ietl ns n !II<.' I f-;.:cnl'l'n t.ing c~leeta·mn:tg­
inW~. net, if so desired, it hein:,ruh~e•·,·e•l that to ~co­
'fhctcrminals toorthccoppCI·nrd iron wires cnt·c thi~ re~ult i~ sirnplr re•Inh·c•l connr.ct-
5 nnd t; are <liscon nected sons to prcscr\·e the ing the extcnclr.cl ter·minnl~ or the wit·cs ;) :wei
charneter or the wires ns the electrodes of the G tngethct· nftct· wctt in:.r m· clampcmin~ tlrf'• ::;5
2,:, \"oltnic couple; hut the other or remaining cnil-hocl \".
fermi naiR of the wit"eR nrc lu·onght in contnct )( ~· n ,. ~)thcr us~s or t.lw ~~~··pj ll·f 1f'~(·t·ihrtl h:t f.
through the interposition nr :my electricnl tery will sn~gr.~t t hem~<.'h·rs tn t hn~•~ ~k illec 1
instrument orde\"i-.!r. with which they mny he in the nrt, nne} f will h:l\·e it. llllf1et~tnncl that
-
connected to t-ansc the electric current.s gen- any chnnge!4 in thr. form, pt·npnt·t.ion, ancl thC' 90
25 emted in the eoil-hody 4 to flow throngh such Jn in or tlet:tiJS of ('OIIStl'll<"f ion lll:t \" ht~ I'C~nr(Ct 1
infltrument or de,·iee. to without drp:ll"ting fr·om tho ·pr·inripln ot·
In the use nf the bntterT con!"tJ•uctc(l nR cle- !-lncrificing :my nf thr. :t•h·ant:t~f'~ or tlti~ in-
se~·ibecl the Rntne mny be hmner.o;etl in n cell Yention.
or jar I , cont.nining wnter ns the electrolyte; Jln\·in~ thu~ clt·~c·•·ihl'tl th•! iu\·r.ntinn, what 9j
30 but it. is simply neceRsnry to lun·e the coil- is claimed, and tl<.'~it·t••l tn he ~l'f'tll'c.•tl hy T.ct •
body 4 moi~t to excite the ne<•e!'lsnry action teres Pnfent, il'l-
for the production nC a current in the couple, 1. A comhinccl elct•lt·ie:tl h:tltt'l'\" :m•lt•lc••··
nml it is nlso the c:ontemplntion or tho in\"C:m- tt·omngnrt., fut• n~c· with w:tfPt" as ":111 ,.,,,,.,, •.,.
Uon t.o plnro thf' hnft••r·y in mni~t.c•nr·th, whic•h lyh•, c•umtH"hciug n ~nfl -it·uu c•ur·•··pic•c•c•, :uul n tnn
35 Alono bt Runlcient to pa·o,·idc thl' ncces~nry \'nltnic conplc• or t.•nppcr· 111111 h·nn wh···~ in-
eJ~ctroJytic in ft llelll't' (or• Jn:od tH"i ng n 11 elec· sulnted (a·orn C:tch of hr.t• :tncl t•lo~eh· :tncl f'OIJI·
trtc current.• pnctly wcmrul t ''~et h<'l" in ~"tmra t t• i mm Ia f ,.t(
It hns been rmuul th:tt by ren~on or wind- Jay<.'rs to )H"o•lnee :tl'inlicl coii-Ju,.Jy ~m·r·nmul-
ing t.hc conplo or cupper nncl iron wires into ing tho soft.iJ·on enrc-pit•t•c•, suhslanlially a~ 105
40 " coil-bocly the c!ut·rent t t·n,·er-sing tho wiucl- set (cwth.
inb~ or this hucly will Jtroduco 1\ magnetic ~- An el<.'cta·it•al hattcr·y fot· usr. with watf'J'

-- -
field within aucl :ll'omul tho hocly or suffi- :t~ :m elPdr·o)ytP ••ompd~in~ a ,-,Jtai•• ••mtpl••
ciently Hla·ong irulncti\·e effect Cot· J»r:tcticnl oC insulated coppc.•r· win~ a uri h:11·r• it·on wiJ·r~
Utili;•.ntion hy lllf':lll!'C o( 1\ ~oJnnoitl or ~('CCJIIf)- cln~•·h· Wutlllfl into a ••oil-luuh·, stth~tantiall\· 'ro
45 ary t.•oil 1~, ns illnstraf.<.'d in Fig. 4 or the n!i <lescrihe«<. · ·
drnlving~. a. An c.•lcell'ieal h:tltC'I'Y foJ' ll~f! with walc·r·
'rho solenoid or secondary coil 1:! is or nn a~ nn elcetrol~·tn · . . mpl'isiu~ a \"ollaiP <'nuplt!
ordinary conMtl'tiC't ion, comtn·iMing " wh·e or insulate•l copperan•l hare iron wir·c \\'0111111
clmmly \\"otlflcl into a coil or 1111\' desired size ~ido by.!ihlc in S<'lJ:tr:ttP in~nl:tt<'tl l:ty<'rl'i to 1 '5
so ou nn ortlinnry spool l:J nncl incnsecl within n prmlnce :t coil- hody, ~nhst:wfi:t11y :t~ •lc-
protet•fh·e cu,·cring 1-J. nr mien, cellnloicl, or scriht'cl.
e«JUh·nJeut mntca·inl. The spooll:J or the so- 4. An elc<.'tt·ic•:tl hat tcr·y, for u~c wit It wall' I'
lenoid or se<.'ontl:u·y coilma.r he cun\"<'lli<.'nt.ly n~ :m elect r·olytr~, compl'i~in~ :t \"oltait• f"ouph•
secm·ed uia·ectly on the exterim· of the coil- ha \'i ng if M ~t'(HII':t t e l' lee I rc u lc!~ ins n Ia t er 1 ft·mu 1 10
55 body 4 between the lw:tcls :J with :t. s••itnhle e:tdt other ancl clo~cl.'· womul ira to a c•omp:wt.
Jnyet· oa· wrapping of insulating material Hi, CUi f. bocly r01·m i ng :t Sl'l r-~(.'llCI':l t i 11:.! pJ'i lll:t I'Y
ir1tea·posecl bet ween the spool and the body 4, coil when moistened mul a solenoid ot· sc••·-
nml the terminals Hi of tin solenoid ot· sec- orulnry coil fi Uetl on tho coil- hotly of' t ""
ondary coil may he connected up with nrn· ('Onple, snb.st:wt ially ns set fn•·th. 1 :!j
6o instz·umcnt usually opet·ntcd hy second:u·)· Jn testimony that. I elaim thP fm·c•~oilll:!' :ts
currents-such, fm· instance, ns n mic•·o- my own I han• hert•to aflixt'cl my si~nat til'" in

-
phonc-transmittea· or telegr,,phic relny. The the JH'e.sencc of two witnP~~e~. . .
mngnctie fieltl tn·otlnced hy the cna-rcnt tr:\\·- NATII..:\X H. ~·rrt·nnJ.EFIELP.
crsing the coil-body -l induces a sceorulnry "•itncsses:
current in til{' solenoid or secondnry coil 1:?, .Tou~ H. Srca:rm.s,
when the oa·diuna·y make and brenk of the \V. B. IIl"DSO~.

ÆTHERFORCE
 --------·~~~~~~~
(lfo Model.)
J. S. MELLON.
ELECTRO THERAPEUTIC APPLIANCE.
-
No. 412,196. Patented Oct. l, 1889.

A.Z:Ceab/
~U~'leJ JZtc'.k4~ '
-- ,-a,y /hU-r~ ~ ,i')\\1'''-~~ ~, rJ-h.d'LL~
¥1 by /1~ ¥itrnt/Pd ~
~'-?

-~llf~ll---------IIJ¥•~111~
- .:"l

ÆTHERFORCE
I~IIIA~I--1-------IIIA'%JII~Il
- STATES pATENT OFFICE.
-
S. )IELLOX, OF ST. LOUIS, :JIISSO"CRI, ...-\SSIG:XOR OF SIX-TE~THS TO G.
W. LE1\~S, OF SA:\IE PLACE.

ELECTRO-THERAPEUTIC APPLIANCE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 412,196, dated October 1, 1889.
.A.ppllca.tion filed J'ue a2, 1889. Seria.llio. 315,253. <No model,)

allit ::nown
u·hom~ it n~ay con~cern:
that L .ToHx S. )[ELLON,
r are fastened together at one of their ends by
a citi-1 rh-ets or otherwise. The ground-conductor
of the rnited States, residing at the city D is a copper \\"ire or any other suitable elec- so
St. Louis~ in the State of ::\Iissonri, have 1, trical conductor, and is properly attached to
ted a new and useful Impro,·ement in the copper and zinc pair. It extends from
fElec1:ri<!ai.-\.ppliances, of which the following them down into and is buried in the moist
spedfi.cation, reference being had to the earth. It may or may not have the gruund-
panying dran·ings and claiw. plant E attached to it. 55
in,·ention relates particularly to health- I In Fig. ~ the pair A is similat·, except in
,,.............. liances, which are adapted to gen- I its construction, to the pair in Fig. 1, the face
anism an(l to both induct and educt I cJf the zinc sheet B is laid on the copper sheet
eie:ctJ:"lC:ll currents in connection with the hu- ' C, the en<.ls of which fold over the zinc, and
, and to equalize such currents ! is adapted to be electrically excited. by moist- 6o
r.D4~t.~ree:n it and the earth. ure from placing one hand on the copper and
invention consists of one or more gal- thH other on its zinc plate.
pairs made of metals, which arc adapted Fig. 3 is a galvanic pair of hamllcs united
e~cited deetricall\~ bv the moisture of · to!!'ether bv the conductor D .
.&&'4U14.IoU. body acting che"mically upon the c is of copper, and B of zinc, both made of 6s
~di1fe~rin.g kinds of metal in the couples, and sheetmctal. Each of tho last two pairs named
&l&,.,wo. ......... conductor or eductor for connect· have the ground-connection D, with or with-
couples ~·ith the moist ground and out the plant E. These pairs may be made
the body under treatment. in any sha.po or form or size, and of any
accompanying drawings illustrate sonie metals which at·e adapted to be excited elec- 70
~4~Dlanical deYices for its construction. trically by the moisture of the hands or feet ·
1, 2, and 3 are Yiews of different and· other parts of our bodies acting on the
it. metallic couple, while the grounded end ·of
::v;;;:·"'!'"''"''''·"r letters refer to like part" through- the conductor D is in contact with the moist
several vie,vs. earth. B_y standing with the moist feet on 75
is well knm""n that changes of condi- the pair, or holding the hands thereon, or
in matter cause changes in the electrical holding the handles in the band, galvanic
and such changes are constantly oc- currents are generated in them to supply any
throughout nature. The human sys- deficiency of electricity which may exist, and
~ubject to such changes, whereby it at means is thus provided for all electrical cur- So
IS liable to be injuriously surcharged rents to interchange and establish harmony
minus in its normal healthv electrical and equilibrium between our bodies and the
~~liUl.tl()ID " earth. For invalid uses, '"'here they are con-
object of my invention is to cure va- fined to beds in upper rooms, it is only neces-
diseases and to restore and retain health sary to lengthen and attach the conductor D Ss
ing the electrical conditions of our to suit the situation.
~.NJ.~VUles always in harmony with those of the I am aware of other electrical appliances
fro~1 which we haYe orig~pated, so tl;tat which are applied to local parts of the body
In any part of a house may be in for the treatment of diseases-none of which,
electrical contact with the moist earth, however, have any ground-connection. Such 90
. as if standing upon it. ·· I disclaim. I am confident, hmYever, that
F1g. 1 the galvanic pair A is made of much greater benefits would accrue to the af-
eets, one of copper C and one of zinc flicted from the use of such devices if they
e copper overlaps the zinc, and they were used in connection with my invention.

....
-~11~1
ÆTHERFORCE
11~11~1-1-------11~~11~1
- 2 412,196
-1
1
!
-
What I claim as my invention, and desire bination with a ground-conductor connecting
to- secure bv Letters Patent of the United the pair with the earth, substantially as de- ·1
States, is- .. ~~~. t
1
A gal\·anic pair the electrodes of which are JOHX S. liELLON.
s adapted to be artificially excited electrically "\Yitnesses:
by the moisture of any part or parts of the
human system or that of any other organ- HCGH :\1. THO:llPSOS,
ized life from its contact therewith, in com- C. C. LOG.A.~.

-~IIJ~~I -
IJ¥.~11~·
ÆTHERFORCE
 ---------II~VhJII~I
{No Model )
H. C. SPALDING.
·~
l
-
~
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT. •
No. 327,495. Patented Sept. 29, 1885.

-1~11~1 ~~~-w-AC.

-
1~11~1
ÆTHERFORCE
I~ llli\.ThJ 1--1-------1 Ul\%JI 1~1'
- ~-uNITED ·STATEs PATENT OFFICE.
-
IIE-\"RY C. SP_\.T. .DIS'G, OF BOSTO:s-, ~IA. SS~CffC'SETTS.

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT •

. _. 9I'ECIF!CA.TION rorming part of Letters Patent No. 327,495, dated September 29, 1885 .
..,.._. _.,.A_ A.pplic:ltioo tiled ~ovember 19, ltS3. Reuewed Februarr '2S. tess. (X'o model.}

,;.,:,l;''I...Jlu all u·T1o11 z. it may concern: which leads from the ·center of a city, for ez:·
:~~-:r-~·.nA it known that I, H.ESRY C. SP.lLDISG. pie. to some distant point.
dtizcn of the L'nited States, and a resident of The conductors B C, forming the leading and 55
]Joston in the county of Suffolk and State of return wires~ respecti'rely: are surrounded by
)[ass:t~bnsetts, have in,·ented certain new and a metal sheath. which is itself insulated. This
;useful Impro,·cments in Electric Circuits, of sheath I prefel.· to form by wrapping around
·~~;;~:Which the following hs a specification, refer· the insulated wires a strip of metal foil, a, as
-~·~.tnce being bad to the drawing accompanying more fully es:plained by me in another appli- 6o
::':.:~-.'pd forming a part of the same. cation. The "·ires anc.l sheath are carried
-~io· ·. 'Ihc enormous increase in the number of through the city through an underground con·
:.:=~-~ ·.:tclegrnphic, telephonic, and other conductors duit, D~ at the end of which the wire C is
:;.~..:Jn cities ami towns renders it necessary to grounded, while the wire B is carried on to
?:~{.: ID:lke some di.;po:;ition of them. oth~r t.han that the desired point as an aerial line, A.. It is 65
:f? ~present generally adopted of strtngtng them obvious that this disposition of the wires may
::-';as· on poles or bouse-tops. To bring the wires be made at either or both ends of the line. It
::~:~·:.:-Jato closer pro:o;;:imity is obviously impracti- will be seen l>y this arrangement that those
~·:; ·cable, hence the use of underground cables or portions of a line which are e~l)QSed to the
'.· ·. some form of conduit is una.,·oidable. Inas- effects of electrical induction and like dis· ;o
_:.,,=.· _mach, howe\·cr, as :-;pace b the main consiller- turbances are protected~ while the least prac-
~~-ation, it is not customarv or desirable to ex- ticable amount of wire anu insulating mate-
~~:;::..i!_:J~Iid the underground or" conduit S'rstems be- rial are used..
tti~j·ood the limits of the cities, or e'ren their I have confined the description to circuits
r~r~·snor~ ~rowded portions. 'fhe lines leading out in part aerial and in part underground. I 7 3
r:~}.O.f CJhes, thcr?fore, are P.artly under ground woulrl state, however, that the conduits con-
.--~.S aad partly ae:·ml. Such lines ha\-e been found taining the wires are not necessarily buried .iu
~:.~~.~::tobe exposed to all the difficulties met with the earth, as thev may be supported above It.
,~}:r}n those which ~re wholly under ground, the I am a ware tiiat portions of an electrical
:\t;/obstacles to rapid a~1d perfect working, due, circuit have heretofore been formed by the So
~,~":..~;_:._~~1\Jr e~nmple, to retardation from external cur- insulated conductors of underground systen1s;
$:~. _rents,. the ii?-unediate proximity of the earth, but this I do not claim, broadly. The pu1·pose
r~i;:·:r to mductton, and the like, being a serious of my inl·ention, as will be seen from the
~-s', :-MI_adrnuce. abo\e description, is not only to lessen the
~~~~·: '..lly im·ention relates to circuits or lines such effects of induction, but to prevent, also, the 85
~t!~·,;~ those described-that is to sav which be- retardation that exists in Hues or circuits that
~~~.,Sfn o.r W~1i<·h ~ml as ~llldergrot~tid lines, the are partly aerial and partly subterranean. I
~i.i-~..r~;}'t~d~ntlcr l>clllg ?nlmary acrml lines sns- ha're described as the best means for accom-
P-'~. pc cc.l at SL~ch a u1stance from other wires as plishing this a protective underground system,
·~~·~~ '::~to .be scrJOus}y·affected by induction or re- in,·ented by me and made the subject of other go
!'_:~_-.: :ltJon; arul It has for its object to o\·er· applications, combined with an aerial line; but
"·.!·f.:;·
..-.-·:(J '- "" th e e1ee t rtca
CObJcorpr•·\···Ilt . 1.m d uct1ve
. effects it is e·ddent that the specific character of the
{_i::<:~ ~:C jto l!H! earth•s electricitv and to CUrrentS unuerground portion of the circuit may be
'[.f~=: . ,l •I· ng 111 other. conductors in very close pro:s::-
..• ~·-· lU ty SU 11 greatly 'rarieu without departure from the in-
;;,:_. :.lind\:;.... c a:; ts. u_ua,·oidably the case in t~e vention. . 95
~'<IS tnd lbr?t~JHl pot t10n of the system. To this I do not claim herein the specific form of
;:; · circuithl.lkc th~ unclergro~tnd ~ortions of .the cable described, as this forms the subject of
i~~-: ··Joc!~Ic.uu.1 l'l~t:ly metall1c, u_smg two wires another application; but
~~· :-: tor Uu~ a~~.:UIIu:s~lated metallic sheath, while 1rhat I claim is-
:':'l: ·~·· • 0 r tL . ll,tl portions I use the ll'round as part 1. A.n electric circuit composed in purt of roc
(fs, ~OOde r~~rcui 1 t.. 'fhis dipos~t.ion~will be under-. an aerial line aud the ground and in part of
:~.:-·:~-; . F re 111 t lc accompanymll' d1nO'ram. two insulated conu uctors inclosed in a metal
1_·~:·· fir t .... prcs.cu.ts a generator a~1d E~:~ a reccivinO' sheath in an insulating-condn it, the two con-

--
'··~ ·

-
••dl.'SIIllttlll . 0
·;;~-:. · ti 1n~tru ment of a gi Yen line, ductors constituting, rcspecth·ely, leading and
. ?:-.. :~'::.;- ...

~llrt4VII ~~~~~r
ÆTHERFORCE
11~11~1·--·------11~~11~1
- 2 327,495
-
return wires, and t.he return- wire being stantially as and for the purpose ~erein set:
grounded at the end of the conduit, substan- . forth. .
tially as and for the purpose specified. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
- 2. An electric circuit consisting in part of name in the presence of two subscribing wit-:
s two conductors insulated from one another nesses.
and inclosed within an insulated metallic HE~Y C. SP..ilDING.
sheath and in part of an aerially-suspended
wire, the suspended wire and one of the insu- Witnesses:
lated wires being connected to earth at or be- ALEX. L. H.!. YES,
IO yond the sa~e end of the said sheath, sub- 8A.:NFORD H. DUDLEY.

-~llf¥..~11 -
IW.~II~
ÆTHERFORCE
11~11~1 ~~~~~~~
- UNITEI) -
1·:~111. .JAIIH, OF BEHLIN, Ul~tt.~L\:'iY.

METHOD OF UTILIZING ELECTRICAL EARTH·CURRENTS.

SPECIFICATION fornting llart. or Le\t.ttra Patent. No. 690,1&1, dated December 31, 1901 •
.\r.nltr:ttlno 61t'tl J'n1y24, 1900. Sorfftl No. 24,6801. •No !IJI('Cimen"·'

Ji, ''" whom il 111"!1 ,.,,,.,.,.,: 1 ortliruu·y electrical pntentinll"erics i~ near the
He it known t.lmt I, I•:ltar~ .J.\IIH, a Muhjl·c.·t.. nl'J,tnth·o enc1, (pnllnclium.) I ha\·o also dis-
or tho 1\:ing ur Pru~-cin, (;('rm:m l•:mpt'rur, l'l'·l CO\'OI'Cd thnt the current produced il'l or high- 55
siding at Berlin, in tho 1\in;.relnm nr Pr·usl'4ia el'4f, ton~ion when t.ho two mctnl:o~ nrc mo8t
5 ~uul Gormnn l•:mpin~, h:L\'t• itl\'t'nl.t~c.l (~rrtain 1 widely scparnt"el Crum (':Lch other in the olee-
new ancl UMefnl lmpt·o,·c.'nwntM in ~lt'thml:o~j' t.l'il•a.l put.c.~ntinl !'4tH'it'l'4 :uul t.hat which is nel\rer
of Utilizin~ I•:lec.•tt·it•nl J•::u·t h-t'm·r·t•ntM, (for tot ho po~it i\'tH'IId (;,i IH') or this series bt t.hru!'t
\Vbich I lun·e nppliccl fm· p:ttt•nll'4 in J•:n;.:laucl, into l'aat·th ur wat~r at tho moro northerly 6o
No. !J,!l';'l, clntcclllny :m, woo; in Fa·;mt'l', Xu. I puint, whilo thut. whit•h i~ J1('arcr the negnth·e
10 :!80,156, tlatctl.Junu ~' 1!100: in Bt•l!!illm, Xo. ! t'IHI (pullmlium) ur the !ott•rios iM thrust into
118,';'.12, dntetl .Juno :!, 1!100: in (;c,r·many, 1 l':u·th m· wntc•· nt tlw ~nntlll'rly point. In
•ln.tetl ~ln.y :!fi, 1!100, anti in J{Ul'4l"ia, tlatPtl sawh an a•·rnnJt~mcnt. tho motnl:o~ are not :ap-
I'

Junc .1, 1~100,) o( wh it•h fIll' fulluwin~ il" :l (H'l•t•iahJy t•hcmit•nlly f•m·rutlt•t), C\'eD when 65
~peciiication. I tlac•y :u·o in t•nrth !4a.tm·atl'd with water, nncl
15 It is known that t~Olllillllttll!-4 t>lf't'fl"ia• C'lll'· I :ll'('t'UIIIll'Ch.•d tuJ,:f'tlll'rhy lmu1 roralongtime.
rents tln\v throuJ,:h tho Mulicl antl liquhl pua·-~ .\l~·inn~ntiunr·clatl'~,tlwrcrm·t.•,to:'metbotl
tions or the e:l.l't h 's cr·nst. Lamont (I), r J~'nl- fol' ut ili..:in;.r t.h(\ t':U'f h-clll·rcnt, (!OIIMhd ing in
·"'lrmu 11nd dt•,· Zu.~umm,.,;,,11~1 "'·'-"'""""mil thrnl'4tinJ,: intuthot.'at·th m·wat~ron the earth 70
dem }_.",·duwyla'li.~w, ..;, Lt•ip:-.ic•, l~t::!) :-~ho\\'Pd ;two t•lt•c.•ta·ocle·~. nC whil'la t!u- flll<' has n poAi·
20 the existc~nco of Sllt'h eUI'J'l'lll:i hy t.ha·u~tin;.: lion nm·th nf tht• olht•l' :ulfl iM ur "mntorinl
I.

t.WO metnl pintos :Lt :& Ct~t·tain disi:LIU't~ from llt':Lrt•l" ftt eiW pusit i \'t' f'IHl (;,iJw) n( the C)CC•
I
eacb ot.he1· into tho ;:•·ouml in tlw tlirc·ction of ta·ic·:al puh·ntial so•·it·l'4 than is tho nuaterinl or
the magnetic ot• n.st.runomical nwt·itliau a11tl t he• ullw1· det·t roclt• ancl c.•cmncwting tho two 75
conneet.ing them ahu,·o tlw ;:ronntl h~· uwanl'4 aho\'t• ::a·uuwl hy :' lc.•ncl. It i:o~ ~"h·nntn,:eous
25 oC B wiro inclutlin;: a ~al\'anunwtl•a-. The 1 that tho nm·thor·ly mot•t• el~ctrnpol'4ith·o clec·
stronger cna·r·eut~ of this kirul ha\'c• ht•cn tr·utlt• shuuicl be thl''l~t murc tll•t.•ply into tho
shown to flow fr·om south to nm·th. J.at~a· I t•:u·tla m· watc.w th:tn tho snull:t'rly t.•lt•etrnde,
observations (\\'ein~tl•in, l·:ln·lndn·ltui ... ,.f,·jl'oa· tlwn tlw t•n•·•·c•nt is l"ta·un;:c.•r. Tho best s~
Zeil.~cluU1, lS~I~, p. ;!tl) :oohow that this :ooo- l'''•:ooult as tu stt't•n;:th of t~u•·rt~nt anti prt'S.'Itlro
JO cnlletl "c~U'th-cua·•·t•nt ·• pus:-;cs:ooc•l" a. t•tmsidt•a·-~ is ohtaint.•tl whl'll thil'4 tlifToronc.•o in clt'(•th i~
able Uni(ormity of Ctli'I'PIIt sfl't'll-~t.h anti pt't'S· l"llt:h that a Jim• juinin~ tho two l•let.•trotle~ ll'l
SUre. l•~l'OIU tiW f~lf't. that; this t•:u·th·t'tiiTt'llt in t.ho clit•t•t•fion of lfW tn:l;_:tlt'tiC tJip. 'rho
flows Ca·om :iotlth t.u north it mar uc.• cmu·lutlt••l I ht•:oot c•ITt•<•t, t ht•t·t.•Coa·c.•, is ohtainetl wht.'ll the!"o Ss
that its prcsstu·cwill iiJt•t•t•ast• if l"laa·tiu;.: ft•orn t•ontlit.itms an• t•tunhin~•l-namely, wlum thu
35 a gh·en point. in th~ south t lw tlistant'l' he·-,1 two t•lt.•et.r·uc1t•s aa·t• :appruxint:LlQiy in the IIIRJl·
tween thi~Riltl f.lac newt hm·n poi II t is i llt•t•l'a:oot•cl, lit' I j,• IIU'I'itl ian anti Ul'l' or mnlt-.-inJ~ Widely
pro\'ic.lctlthc <~nnn~ct in;.:-le:ul lua uf lit t.l" l't'· l"t'}t:ll·att•,l in Ow t•lt•ctr·ic•:LI put.cmth\1 :eerie~
I
sistanco. Notwithstancli n;.: that t ht•l"t! fat•! s :wei t hl' nm·tht•rly anti mm·o t.'lcctrupmdt i\'O
ha\·o been known tho t':uth-cnt'I'L'nl. has tW\'t'l' e•lt.•t•tt·cu1t• is hut·it.•tl nt a ;:rc.•utcr tlt.•pth than
go

40 boon utili1.cc1, bccausl' in or·cl~t· to ohtain a t hal at whidt tlw~uulht.•a·ly~l~t!li'Oclo is burietl

sutlicieut ctu•rt'nL till' tlistanct' ht!I.Wt'l'll t.ht• a uti tlaal. a linu juinin;: thmu hn~ thu ineliu"·
1'

north nntl ~outh point~ must ut• so ;.:t•t•at that. , tiun uf tlw nm;.:nt.•tit• dip. 'l'h~t.·urr<'nteztn bo
the cost of un in~tallation il" {ll'uhihith·t•. I jtappt.•tl fa·om tho lt.•:u1 joinin;.: the ~leett-utlo~ 95
have clisco\·crctl t.lmt th~ !'4tH1lh t.o north tlin•c- i :wei ntili..:Pcl in any Wl'll-knnwn nmnuor.
45 tion or the ca.rth-curr·~nL is maintairu•tl only i \\'hat I daim, lUttl tiONirc to socuro by I~ct­
whon the plnt.t~~ nro or tho sanae lllt.•lal. \\'lwn : tt.•r·~ l'all'llL ur tho Fnilecl ShltC!il, i~-
zine is used for thcs·mthcrn plate awl ia·on ua·i I. A nlt'thml of utilizin;.: t•lectricul ent·th·
carbon for tho nort.laea·u onc.•, tho t.•nt·a·t.•nt Jlows ; clliTt•n tl'4 t•tmsi~tin~ in placin~ c.•lc~clroclt.•s oc· roo
through tho leatl connecting tht.•m fl'om twa·th j c.·upyin~ tlitTer·c.mL po~itinu!'l in tho olectricnl
so to south. All t.hc common nwtals hdta\·u . polt.•ntial sm·ies iutu the ~;u·th or wutor ~o tbat
I
relatively similnrly-that il'4, tho cut·t·~nt flows tho t•lccll·oclo which is nca.rm· tho nogat,i\·o erul
always (roan th~lt l)lato who~e posit ion in t ht' . of l ho sc•t•it.':i is at tht• more southerly !'Oint,

-~IIJ~~~~------IIfYA~II~
-
ÆTHERFORCE
 -~--
., i
_.::_ ___ ·-- - -.-:. ._
____ . ____ __:_____-.;.:...

. --i
1726. E.rptrimenls 011 Earth Currents. E. Jahr. (Elektrotechn. Zeitschr. ;
:::. 1'1'· 195-197, March 8, 190'J.r-Pairs of electrodes of the same or dUferent .
11\.tlt-ri;ds, various metals and carbon ·or coke, or iron pipes, are ·buried in the •
_ a."!·•und or water near Berlin· ·and· connected ·by an insulated copper, wire -
~e· ..tin~ on china insulators ~ye ground; the connectiiig wire, up to 1 km.
1" lt:nJ:th, lies in the magneti9 ·meridian. _Weak currents· are observed, the ,

,~· ..t n.'Sults being obtained when the northern electrode is ~unk _to a lower :
lnd than the southellll (magnetic inclination angle); the ~tential diilerenc.e
,,n,f ,·urrcnt intensity are stated to be constant when this amlllgement ts
~'··pled. With multiple earth batteries currents of i volts. and i·5 amperes
~""' !~ecn ob~rved. The experiments have ext~nded ~ver two years.. H. B. ·

!··

-- -
~11rv...~t1--------11 w.~~~~ r
ÆTHERFORCE
 _________, f~~~l~l
J. E. SMITH.
Telegraph.
-
No. 35,571. Patented June 10, 1862.

"Jri.tnesse s.

~e~

ILOCll _ _ _ _ DC.

-~ltrh'\1111--------
ÆTHERFORCE
~IIIAVAJII----------IIJA%111~11
- UNITED STATES PATENT .OFFICEo
-
JOH~ E. SMITH, OF· ~EW YORK, N. Y., ASSIG~OR TO HL\£SELF A~D C. T. &
I. N. CHESTER. .

IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TELEGRAPHS.

Specification forming part of Lett~n -Patent No. 33,~'2'1, dated Jane 10, 1862.

To all •tclunn; it 'Tilay concern: In order more partimilarly to describe my.

Be it kuo\\"n that I, JoHN E. SliiTH, of the said invention,_! will refer to tile annesetl draw-
city anti county of New York, in the State of ings, wherein-
Sew York, ba,·e invented certain ne~·aud use- Figure 1 represents the part.:~ coml>ineu and
ful Improvements iu Electro-)Iugnetic Tele- arranged so as to divert the abnormal currents
g~tpils; anrl I do hereby rleclare that the fol- from the sounder-magnets by the action of the
lo~ving is a full and correct description tilereof, armature-lever of the receh·ing-ma.gnet; and
reference being had to the drawings annexed, Fig. 2 represents the parts arranged so as to
making a part of this specification, anc.l to the dh·ide and neutralize tile abnormal currents,
letters ot" reference thereon. as before meutiouetl.
:i\I.r snitl invention consists, chiefty, in au Letter a represents the main telegraph-con-
improved arraogemen t and combination of reg- ductor, embracing and including the helices
ister or sounder magnets with receiving-wag- of the receit'ing-magnet b an(l the register or
nets iu ~\ main telegraph-circuit, wherein the sounder magnet c. d represents transmitting·.
current of the main circuit used to actuate the keys.
register or sounder magnet is controlled and Letter e represents tile ,-ibrating armature
regulated by the recei\ing- magnet, the Yi- of the receiving-magnet, provitle(l with react-
brating armature-le\·er of which is ar~auget.l ing spring and otherusual appendages; letter/,
to act as au automatic S\Vitcll for the purpose vibrating armature of sounder-magnet, lrith a
of relieving the register or souutler magnets cymbal,g, for which may be :mbstitntetl a pen-
from the action of the escape or abnormal cur- le\·er of a recording-instrument, or any de,·ice
rents when the main circuit is opened. These for indicating or recording telegraph-sig.nals
escape- currents are familiarly known to all or setting in action machinery for indicating
telegrapher~ u.s resulting from the return of or recording telegraph-signals. The main con-
battery-power to its source by reason of de- ductor a connects lrith the Yibrating armature-
fective insulation, intensity of battery-power, lever e of the recei ving-maguet at. its fulcrum e'.
and resistance of long conductors. I call them a' is a short conductor from a point near the
"almormal," in contradistinction to the nor- end of the t'ibrating lever e to the main con-
mal current which wonlt.l. result from the per- ductor a, Fig. 1, beyond and avoiding the
teet and continuous passage of the battery- sountler-magnet. When the· armature-le,·er
pmver from one end of the line to the other, falls back by tile action of its spring upon the
which equalizes electro-magnetic power, and opening of the main circuit in telegraphing,
makes telegraphing easy and reliable at all the end of the lever establishes a connection
times. The register or sounder magnets are with the short conductor a' at the platina points ·
relieved by establishing an additional metal h i, thus affording a short direct passage for
connection from the wire of the recei'f'ing-mag- the abnormal current through the \·ibrating
net to tile main line, through the armature- le\·er of the recei"\"ing-maguet and short con-
lever of the receiving-magnet, either directly nection a' to the main line, a\·oiding entirely
to the metal conductor, avoiding the sounder- the helices of the sounder-magnet, and there-
magnet, or to "the· main conductor through ooe fore relie,·ing them entirely from the action of
of two equal helices surrounding the sounder- abnormal currents \-rhen the main circuit is
magnet, and in a direction opposite and antag- open. ·
onistic to the direction of the current passing In Fig. 2.the sounder-magnet is represented
tilrough the other equal helix, which is always as constructed with two equal helices,j aml
included iu the main circuit, thus either di\·ert- k, wountl in opposite directions, the main con-
ing the abnormal currents from the sountler- ductor a running tilrough the lower helix,j,
. magnet or passing them through the helices of and the conductor a', instead of passing di-·
the sonuder-magnet in such manner as to neu- rectly from the armature-le\·er of the receh·---
tralize or destroy their effect upon the mag- ing-maguet to the main conductor, a\oidiug
net, thereby securing the mecl.aauical force and the sountler-maguet, as in Fig.l, connects with
action of a fully-discharged electro-magnet. and iuclndes the helix k, passing from it to

-- -
~11r~1 IJY~~II~r
ÆTHERFORCE
I~II~YhJII-------·~~~~~~~
- 2
-
the main conductor. The helicesj and k being
- wound in opposite directions and of equal
I
sounder and receiving magnets in the main
circuit hereinbefore described to work sounders
length, the current divides and passes equally or pen-registers with certainty and uniformity
through both in opposite directions, when the I do not recommend the use of the additionai
lever of the receinng-magnet falls back and short local-battery circuit just mentioned, be.
brings the two platina points k i in contact cause it inl"Ol\"es needless trouble and expense
upon the opening of the main circuit. but only mention it to secure myself from at~
The connecting- points h i should be pro- tempt to appropriate my in\"eutiou by discon.
rided with suitable adjustments, such as are necting the second magnet from the direct con.
used in such instruments for determining the nectiou \Vith thesounderorregister,andusingit
length of vibration of the lel"er, which, in this to imlirectly operate such instruments through
case may be confined to tbe shortest length office-battery local circuits, which they would
· consistent with the practical separation of the operate in an imprO\·ed manner owing to their
platina. points 7, i, because no dedagrating being reliel"e(l entirely from abnormal currents
spark ever passes as in the operation of short when the main circuit is open~d.
circuits in which local batteries are included. I claim-
Instead of using the magnet which I hal"e The combination of electro -magnets in a
termed the "sounder" or "register" magnet main telegraph-circuit, substantially as herein-
to actuate instruments for recording or indi- before described, whereby the \"ibrating arma-
cating telegraphic signs or signals, or for set- ture-le\"er of the first or receh·ing magnet is
ting in action mechanism .for printing, record- made to discharge or neutralize the escape or
ing, or indicating telegraph signs or signals, abnormal currents flowing through the second
it may be used to open and close short office- or working magnets \Vhen the main circuit is
circuits in which a. battery and register or opened. in the operation of telegrnplJing, ~uh­
sounder magnet is included in the same man- stantially as set forth.
ner as such short circuits are now- operated in Dated Ye'v York, A.pril15, 1862.
connection with receil"ing-magnets not pro· JOHN E. S)IlTH.
tected from tlie effect of abnormal currents Witnesses:
when the main circuit is open; but, as suffi.- Jomr D.!.vmsoN,
· cient power is obtained by the combination of Wli. A.. "\\HITDECK.

-~Ill~~~ -
IJ¥.~11~
ÆTHERFORCE
 INTRODUCTION:

The exper imenta! p-rocedure presented here in is a

guideline for drawing negative charges. fro• a grounded
s·ource of •eta! to an attraction field which conducts
the flow to an application circuit. ·The potentia! of
this source is on the order of several thousand volts
and the current, fro• a few •il!J.'ailps up· ~o--on_e A~~T
Depending on your area and grounded source UP-to 25 watts
an~ ·~re is possible with an opti•u• configur-atio-n. --vou
can use this project to power appliances or charge
batteries. Free yourself fro• the power co•pany! Get
Busy!

DISCLAIMER:

CAOROP Projects takes no res~onsibility in any

independent workmanship of this project and cannot
guarantee satisfactory output fro• individual,
geographically rando• construction of said device.

LEGAL WAIVER:
~+:~~
The following experi•ental project~n a well ventilated
~· This device ~ draw sudden concentrated bolts of
eneray such as lightning either directly or fro• around
especially in areas where such at•ospheric or •an •ade
charges are concentrated. Exposure of this device to
any for• of nuclear radiation (e.a. X-rays) can also
lead to disastrous results. Be forwarned! Please read
this entire •anual before atte•pting construction of the
Reverse Potential Field Generator. CAOROP Projects
takes no responsibility for any form of damage or injury
resulting fro• irresponsible construction or supervision
of this experi•ental device. Acceptance of these plans
warrants this on your part.
On this note we wish you success in co•ing another step
closer towards ~-~_lf _suf_tic_i~r:-cy.

(Field Generator = F.G.)

WORK AREA:
You •ust consider the working area for the F.G. It can
vary anywhere fro• approxi•ately 1'X2'X3• to 4'X8'X1.
This area should be unenclosed by •eta! walls. floor, or
ceiling, be spacious, as dry as po~sible, and have
access to a dry, 8rounded •etallic structure (e.g. gas
pipe) and access to a wet, grounded metallic structure

ÆTHERFORCE
(e.g. cold water Dipe) by •eans
connection. This space •ust be
no accumulation of •dead air•.
As. vou can imagine this will be a re-ctangular structure
wh.ich can be laid f !at or on its sid-;, attached to heavy
gauge wires at one end and an electrical load at the
other.

FIELD GENERATOR: MATERIALS

The Field Generator consists basically of alternating
lavers of ligh~, q~a~n~~ •aterial and ferro•aan~~~~
•aterial (iron sheets are ideal).
The ~· fibrous building board •ade by Celotex at your
local hardware store serves this purpose best. <But i f
your area is expecially hu•id vou •av also use ~·
styrofoam sheets-found next to the building board.)
You •av find iron sheets at your local •eta! scrap yard,
hobby shop, ironworks. or lab supplv. If unobtainable,
then use galvanized steel flashina or steel wool also
found at the hardware store.
Stee!wool tends to be the least expensive of the three,
yet almost as effective as iron. Buy the finest
(#0000). It will be unrolled, kept fluffy, and applied
with no overlapping (except for two layers or •ore at
the centre of the F.G.>.
You will also be laying a trace of copper on the
(in)organic layers for conduction. Bare or wrapped
wires are OK, but a copper plate trace tends to increase
the strength of the output. Copper plates can be found
at the hobby shop or lab supply in s•a11 stock. If you
ean find copper strip in rolls. J• wide or •ore, then
please use it!
Heavy gauge wires (i.e. battery cable size) will be
connected to the F.G. from the wet and dry ground~. The
copper trace will conduct fro• these wires to the
apDlication circuit through the F.C.

FIELD GENERATOR: DIMENSIONS

CAOROP researchers have found that cutting the F.G. to
certain dimensions rather than at rando• will tend to
increase field strength thus power output:

FIG. 1
AB=AD=BC=370•• <14.58•>
(20 .·62.)
AE=524JDII
~EC is copper trace)

You •ay change the size of the arrangew~nt.

ÆTHERFORCE
 ; -

~·
~~
;~·J,
...,, ~
...,..~ ~-
....
- - .
~-=-~~-~
--- - .:n.:
..~...-
__. - - . : . : .
~~.,
.
- --- '"~vz
-~ n , .....-~....,.6~
... f.J~ . " - ~·
.. , -
~..,~
~ • proportionally to the dimensions given. Increasing the
size will increase the influence and current strensth.
The copper trace along AEC can be a copperstrip as s•a11
as J• wide, planted along these diagonals, will aain
maxi•u• influence from the Field Generator.
FIELD GENERATOR: CONSTRUCTION
After cutting the panels to proper size you will attach

i:SL/1
the copper strip along the diagonals:
Panel
FIG.2
ibid ____, .________extend for
1' electrical
_ _ attachment
1..Jl.
Doing this for 11ore than the two centre panels is !'.9_t
reco1111ended in areas close to power stations or subject
to low discharges of atmospheric energy. ~~ working
with copper plates, y~u aay overlap to achieve
conduction.
Spray-on adhesive is OK, but the parte_! s_l_L(' found in
hardware stores is •ore dependable and less expensive.
(A little goes a long way, so don't make a •ess!) Panel
glue can serve all the adhesive attach11ents in this
project.
Although iron sheets give the best results in this
syste• you •av find the• too cu•bersone to deal with or
difficult to locate. If not, adhere the iron in only
one sheet layer per panel with panel glue.
Apply steel wool (#0000) rolled out straisht and unifor•
(no overlapping) with glue or/and long steel staples.
~ compress the steelwool <The exposed surface of
steelwool helps to increase field strength.) You •ay
also apply one layer of galvanized sheet steel before
the steel wool, not after, to leave the wool fluffy.
The copper trace-i.ust not touch the ferro•agnetic
material, so you ;;;-u;;-a thin insulative aateria! !ike
plastic food wrap.
FIG.3
2 lavers steelwool
spacin8 along •nodes• of field (in •m.)=
l, ~, ~~ ~, ! , ~ , ~ , 3 4 , • • • N <i - J >+ N <i - 2)
1
-u ~-- li<'ffftfff10 fij: .~
Basic One-Layer Configuration:
Ooda<.;; L•....., nuL .....,._

Or t_~.9_89_r,_a_1
Vie_~<tt
On_e __ ~-~Y- e_r_
.SL~t_e•

ÆTHERFORCE
The attraction field produced is wavy, buy predictable.
The asymtotic nodes of energy occur at N<i>=N<i-I)+N<i-
2> as peaks of energy. This is simply the Fibonacci
series where any nu•ber in the series equals the
addition of the two nu•bers precedina it. Do the
spacing in millimetres •.
The spacing between the panels is •ade with so•etning
small, light, and non-conductive at each corner such as
pine or building board scraps. The closest spacing will
not necessarilY yield the greatest field strength.
HOOK UP & TEST CIRCUIT:
The electrical co•ponents for the test circuit •ust be
able to handle atleas~ 5000 volts. Your local
electronics surplus •ay carry these ite•s inexpensively,
but they are few in number:
FIG.4

f~·
f
·T~
f
I
9

~ F•n£1( :
f·rf!n~£
I

The tuning capacitor is a hiah voltaae. air-plate

capacitor of one farad or greater. It will be used for
•tuning-in• the opti•u• charge frequency fro• your
particular ground structure. Vou can put an
electrolytic capacitor with •atched value in its place.
The diode is a zener and the inductor should be atleast
5 henrys. The co•ponentry should all be high power to
handle atleast 2 watts.
Vou may, of course, use lower power coaponents if.hiah
power is not your objective (i.e. in the case of
charging batteries>
The F.G. will need a choke coil at the dry ground. Vou
•ust use a large coil here which is a heavy guage wire
wrapped 17 times or •ore around a ferro•agnetic donut of
atleast s· in diametre:

..,..to dry schematic sy11bol

ground

ÆTHERFORCE
Tne attached inductors will represent an
influence.
enough to •otlvate satisfactory may
;;G~:ed'~ to~ aF.:i~e~ct ~ir/:r.-~P:
~~-
2 . .r. . . . .
~ ~~~
-= ('$.-J.~~ ..
An inductive c.it:C!_u_i_~ is •uch safer fro• electrical
hazard than a direct connection ~hich should only be
used i f even the best field generator you •ake does not
produce a pro•ising output. The inductive connection
can be a doub 1 e an~enna co i 1 or a 1 : 1 ~ran_~ fo_~-·~-~.
Upon tuning in the best value you can replace the tuning
capacitor wi~h an electroly~ic or two in series to
increase voltage:

greater cu1rent

greater voltage

Either circuit is good for battery charging, but for not

you •aY want to·· !;,cease the field strenath.

MULTIPLE LAYERED FIELD GENERATOR:

Multiple laye~ tend to increase field strength thuse
power. Copper traces can be added to the other panels
in a ratio according to the Fibonacci series for an
opti•u• effect. Let us assume a five layer generator:

FIG.8
~~~~~~~~~~---=~~· of washers
rubber or steel
for spacers

-J
extended
Cu trace.s

N <i > = 1 , 2. 3, ~. 8 ••••

ÆTHERFORCE
 A hu•id atmosphere will dissipate the field effect and
•ust be countered by using •aterials that build a
•static• charge on their own. Stvrofoa• can be found as
~· ~hick sheets at the hardware store. Ap~lied to a one
layer syst.e• the foa• should be the panel lead.ing to wet
Around(+) while keeping the organic panel leading to dry
ground<-> :
J-Layer
FIG.CJ
side view
Cu
traces

h ~ ~ . .---- stvr:~~=~
-f_r :~~-~------:s~!=~=~s build .ins
board
top view
trace
extra
spacers
arranged to "·
stvrofoa• layer F.G.

ÆTHERFORCE
 ~~~.:;~~~. .~~---~~·
Pane! glue should used to adhere the ferro•agnetic
substance to the foa•. Most other adhesives could •elt
the foam. Wooden dowels can be used as spacers, but use
pine or any other !ig~t wood.
In a •ul t i -1 aye red F. G. the foa'ra and the organic board
will be alternated. You can st1ll use~· steel washers
or the equivalent to space the panels (you •ay also use
rubber washers> :
ott:A~,e SOAc.o
FIG. I 0
3 1 ayer / ST'tl!tl F~,.
2 layer / ) 2 ) ) './
I./ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 !S{<z:'"'::X:::<X_J -- .-j

~·
'""'""c,zy St''>S tl
=-! 1:-v-:v¥'~"¥'-:.2.l £-
"•
--l-
r. 12.-
-
) z- / 1- 1.
..r 1.

0
=
LIIIJ/Jit -- i'-=
· =:=>5 .·-.z_,. : /· . >""--.-:'
12 ' ' 1
~-··J. .
In a au1ti-1ayered F.G. the organic pane s aust. ~l~ays
1 7

face outside. They should also be coated with a water

repellent before assembly. ~The F.G. can also be
protected fro• moisture by ~eating it with plastic food
wrap such as G!adwrap or·saranwrap. These polypropylene
sheets also help to accu•ulate •static•.

THE VACCUUM EFFECT:

A high v~ccuu• also tends to accu•ulate the sa•e energy
as the panel accu•ulators described above. <For trivia
buffs, an experi•ent had a si•ple vaccuua in a glass
tube with a high voltage fila•ent. The ~pace within was
found to glow _b_~.~~ in colour.)
If you have ever done the plas•a-globe project as found
in Radio-Elect.ronics, then you already have the
necessary tools. If not, I refer you to the January '89
issue .at your public library. The basic configuration
is:

spark gaps

~-~~ple circuit

The field strength is proportional to the vaceuu• and is

in

ÆTHERFORCE
 same vaccuu• is like creating
be a separte tube for each set.
Multiple electrodes are spaced to act as spark saps.
Soacing the spark gap in each successive electrode
according to the Fibonacci series. in •illi•etres-aaain-
has a positive effect:

FIG. J2
Tube w/10 electrodes

to ground

'
I
CAOROP researchers have yielded up to 3 watts with the
T~N electrode-vaccuu• tube approach. But it •ay also
be very difficult for personal construction. The tubes
also take several weeks io ~ccumula~e enough charge on
their own.
If you want to shorten the accu•ulation time, you can
put the tube in a F.C. -box (six walls instead of the two
already de•onstr~ted):
~~~-~~~--~---~~
FIG. 13
-.---organic walls
vac.
tube

Charging th~ tube a F.G. box of three layers or more

shortens the accumulation ti~~ to one week and less.
The •ost difficult project you •isht undertake is
placing the panel F.G. within a vaccuu•. This ha~ been
done. By surrounding the F.G. with ~· or thicker
plastic sheets then epoxy welding the• at the sea•s you
can-form an enclosure:

FIG.14

Plastic box forwed around{f.G.

ÆTHERFORCE
-'r~~~~~~·~~r~--1£~~~
~.....----· ::o-.. ~~~~.-~ ·.. 1:'~-" ~-~-
. . . -~,~~~~~-
, . , ,, ~:.:J...~,~ ,., -
~··~--- ~~~-~:~~r~ ~,.-...i ~, '' ·~~,~~:·. -
You will have to add extra spacers ~o support the panels
from collapse during vaccuu•. Less than one inch of H8
can be gulled before a •short• is created. (This is OK
since only a certain a•ount of vaecuu• can be pulled
before this type of svste• breaks down and sprin3s a
leak.>
The layered F.G. in a vaccuu• has been found to be
almost double in strength coMpared to a re8u1ar field
fro• an accumulator a reaular ata. pressure (al•ost 50~
gain in gower).
MISCELLANEOUS CONFIGURATIONS:
Ulti•ately, your own F.G. will vary between a tall.
co•pact stack or a thin, lona pair of panels. A field
generator will work in any position (i.e. as Ions as it
holds toRether!). Any wood or plastic brace will do the
job-NO METAL. Any hiah tensile tape will also work-
EXCEPT. METAL. REMEMBER, NO METAL SHOULD ENCLOSE THE
F.G. This would tend to nullify the field.
In order to save space you •ay choose to disguise your
F.G. as a piece of furniture or so•e other part of your
living arrangement. <There is no danger of sur3e hazard
with the grounds hooked in safely and securely.) For
exa•ple, in the case of a co•pact stack of panels:

c air !;9 f_ t..~.f! ~_ab ~e _df!c_~ra_~l.'L.

9.r i • i ~a~~-Q!'I pj_l_l_a.~
Pl.?lr,t stand (mo_r_~ 1-_han
<n.o H2.0.t one -~t-~~~t

As for a F.G. which is longer & wider with less layers:

FIG. 16

MURA.f:: ~-f:'LL.S FQ~_BOO_~_S

<Bldg. board has a (The ori3inal purpose
porous white side- for the bldg. board-
now vastly improved)

ÆTHERFORCE
 •any ways to conceal heavy 3auge wires as the
the electrical deot. of vour local hardware
store can show you. Only the •atter of vour application
circuit is !eft t~ conceal. You •ay even have several
F.G.·s !eadin~ to one power circuit. but each sys~e•
•ust have its own inductive connection.
APPLYING ANOTHER ENERGY FIELD:
After soae experi•enting you •ay find that the output is
greater the closer you are to the device, either layered
or vaccuua tubed. Other living bodies such as s•a11
ani•als and plants also affect field strength in the
saae way when brought closer to the F.G.
A voltage regulator can control any overvoltase, but
this ohenoaenon·can also be a blessing. A witaae
controlled switch in the circuit can turn on lights when
you enter a roo• with (a) properly located field
generator(s) or operate other iteas.
APPLl.C~ TI ON . _c;lJ~C.U.l J..S:
Parts, kits, and •ore should be found at your local
electronic hobby shop or surplus for basic control
circuits such as voltaae controlled regulator and
inverters. The followina schewatics are only a
guideline. For concise information on dealing with high
voltage, low current power sources look in your public
library or electronics hobby store. Only inductive
circuits are reco•mended unless the output is poor in
your area. • ~ • , . ': TNIIICISTOI:. • H 1-1/41.1.

f.~··~~ t~+~rm~OO:::
• • ' • ~u..~ • c.o w ~ •
l'n;@
I
~«<f II 1 " 1 /+£.
. •
~Tf\.T' :

For short pulses of High Energy D.C.

------~--------------------

transistor
oscillator
circuit

ÆTHERFORCE
 Fo~ Hiah Power Applications

REVISIONS:
I. There must be NO electrical short between wet ground
(+) and dry ground <-> or the syste• will not work.
(e.g. yourwater heater may have an existing short
between gas and water pipes, ma1nly the heater jacket
itself! This can be rectified witn a olastic adapter
at the gas main.)

2. An iron pipe leading to •ovina water is THE IDEAL wet

~round. (e.g. commercial water well systems use
iron pipes which lead to constantly •oving aquifers.)

3. Using any aerial type of network as dry ground (e.g.

antenna) may cause the current to reverse leading to
elec~rical hazard.

4. A gas pipe is preferable in this project, but you can

still experiment with other metallic structures
mounted in dry ground.
5. If 1ron pipe leading to a source of •oving water is
not feasible in your ease, trv the hot water outlet
at vour water heater which tends to-;8rfor• a little
better at •sucking• negative charge. <Better than
the cold water inlet.)

6. Trv the hook-up w/o a F.G.!

ÆTHERFORCE
SECTION
3-

REGIONAL
LINKAGE

ÆTHERFORCE
WHICH APPERTAIN TO AWARENESS, BILOCATION, DISTANT VISION,
AND UNLIMITED EXPANSIONS OF BEING •.. AS SURRENDER WITH VRIL

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
RILLES, RIDGES, RIFTS, FAULTS, AND THRUSTLINES OF ROCK ..•
MANUFACTURED MATERIALS OF VRIL THREADWAYS.

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 .•
- :..;·F.:.~~:-- , :~ t"

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 VRIL AND METAL LODES
THE GENERATION OF THE METALS
THROUGH VRILLIC REACTIONS

my sir, upon your

aome crude ideas, that. may serve to elicit some useful experiments in the
'bands of others. When we consider what wonderful results have ariaen 151:~ ....~~., ...
from the first trifling experiments of the junction of a small piece of silver ~-~~
and zinc in so short a period, \Vhat may not be expected from the further
extension of galvanic electlicity : I have no doubt of its being t.be chiefea&
agent, in the bands of nature, of .the mighty changes that occur around UL li~~~~j~~~~~~~~~
If the metals are compound bodies, \Vbich I doubt not, will not this active
principle combine those constituent in numeroua places, so as to explain ·
their metallic formation 1 and if such constituents are in themselves aeriform, -•i.'Wit.a~~o.
may not galvanism ren.sonably tend to explain the existence of metals in
situations to which their specific gravities certainly do not entitle us to look:
for .them?"

ÆTHERFORCE
 3
CONWAY BIOTITE GRANITE

DEVONIAN?

ROCK AND METAL BECOME GLASSY TO THE VRIL VISION •••

TRANSDUCING VRIL THREADS WITH GREAT EASE.

ÆTHERFORCE
 Hoor-rot:K wllh a6norm~l
thermal gradient .

GRANITIC PHASE

ÆTHERFORCE
 X X X X
x X X X

SALT

THAT WE EACH HAVE CONSCIOUSNESS .•. AND MAY PARTAKE OF BEING.

WITHOUT THEIR MEDIATIONS AND MODULATIONS WE ARE UNABLE TO

ÆTHERFORCE
 . 7.~·~~.._.4,:..t ~.,~.
? VRIL CONCENTRATIONS EMERGE FROM UNKNOWN DEEP REACTION SITES... ,
WHERE EARTH IS TRANSACTING MEANING AND MESSAGE WITH THE FORMATIVE RAYS. ~
THESE EMERGING VRIL THREADWAYS MAY SO DE-INERTIALIZE MATTER THAT SENSATE HEAT,~ ,;t!
FRACTURES , AND REALIGNMENTS MAY OCCUR. ·\~
YET IT IS VRIL WHICH MANUFACTURES ALL THESE MANIFESTATIONS ••• VRIL REACTIONS · ~~
WHICH BEGIN AMONG tHE STARS AND IN THE MYSTERIOUS CAVERNOUS DEEP .
(WHERE CONSCIOUSNESS MERGES WITH THE ANCIENTMOST PAST)

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
~~~~•....tiiiiiilll'-1 HUMAN HISTORY AND HUMAN CIVILIZATION IS THE TALE
OF THE PROGRESSIVE PURSUIT OF VRIL PATHS:
THESE SINUOUS TRAILS MARK THE HUMAN DESIRE FOR VRIL
ACROSS THE GROUND AND THROUGH TIME

ÆTHERFORCE
~~~~~~~.4~~£:!.~Jl~o.(WD'~.,.~~~-~\'Ii'~~~~~
~~~~THE PROGRESSIVE SATURATION OF TELEGRAPHIC SYSTEMS IN VRIL
~~$ -:.~ •. . CONTRIBUTED ENTIRELY TO THE REGIONAL AND TRANSREGIONAL
TRANSFORMATION OF HUMAN CONSCIOU~NESS ... NOT BECAUSE OF THE
EXCHANGE OF HUMAN THOUGHTS OR SIGNALS:

ÆTHERFORCE
 VRIL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS ARE EVIDENT THROUGHOUT
BOTH TELEGRAPHIC AND TELEPHONIC NETWORKS

~~~~~~~ VRIL DENDRITIC POWER FUNCTIONED VERY EFFECTIVELY

WHEN SPECIFIC DENSITIES OF STRUCTURE WERE ACHIEVED.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MEANING AND MESSAGE WAS THUS ENHANCED
ONLY WHEN DISTINCT SUCH STRUCTURES AND DENSITIES WERE·
~~~ -.:.._--·-· EMPLOYED . \ ,

ÆTHERFORCE
 · RADIOMANTIC CONNECTIQN.OF CONTINENTS
AND ITS I~;_ICATICNS. ·~ a:Nsc!Cl.JSNESS

... . ..
·~

\' ·..

.:~J~~~t':)~-;
;·. ,•,;:>.~··~~~;;•• :~:'1(,

THE CONCEPT OF LAYING A CABLE ACROSS THE ATLANTIC

IS BOTH STARTLING AND EXCESSIVE:
VRIL CONSCIOUSNESS WAS REVEALING A FAR MORE
-~ NATURAL AND PRE-EXISTENT MEANS FOR ACHIEVING
TRANSCONTINENTAL AND INTERCONTINENTAL

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
THE CONSEQUENCES OF TRANSLINKING VRIL REGIONS WITH ONE ANOTHER
HAVE NEVER BEEN ADDRESSED IN FORMAL TERMS.
THE SYNTHETIC AND DANGEROUS TRANSLINKAGE OF NORTH AMERICA
WITH EUROPE WAS NEVER INSPIRED BY VRIL CONSCIOUSNESS

ÆTHERFORCE
.·, ' ••. ,. . ·.., ~ ... ,.4; .

ÆTHERFORCE
.. •' 't ••
ÆTHERFORCE
":?_:;~~i1~~:-
~:~;; . :~:; . -

ÆTHERFORCE
.~.Yo,. in ''""!t·!ful lrorTr,·,,!l On1tr, 1111 .lmmlnlnl TVir11 for tt•llid• ,,.,.,., tnnmtj(l1'/l,.,t11'!1 u,,. fl~tlln
Pwl'lw Compemy, P(l/ml,.ttt, lrluJTj Rotul, Cily Ront1, lAnd,.

~ WiJk!u k Wetlmler, }
) Newall " Co.. Xaper "
t Co., ADd Mr. Cruapt.oa.
HI ii.f R. S. Newall &: Co. •
SO! ..J83 ~ Newall &: Co., ad I
t
6
25
2-l
JJO
!
I
IR.· S. Newall
Kuper & Co. • • S
& Co.
2 H !
2; 162
12 3G '14 Gla..:.: Ellint1 k Cn. •
110 6GO 325
10 110 20
10 40
J lJ 2i
8.\ SJ 300
12 I 12 141 u
I ~nft ~til& l~let-tric t
1!
.. 9
i ' I I Tel~tgt'ILph Ccl. • J
300.ulnM, FJliot. & Co.
3
30
8 8 00 " ,.
HO JGO
2CJO ;iBO
'i
:ml
311
•·" ""
10 111 I 3CJO. n If ;
HO
ltO
30 30 ! !~~1\\":.'l'. ll~~"Y . . j

2 8 l . Gln~e,a, l·:llint, & C'n. II'

308 . 110-1
C.i-1 I 1 :101 ,. ,. R
6..J
24 ~~I .. " (j
J.l..J "·I ,. ,.. II
10 JO ! • I li
00
30
60
30 ' ~gl :: :: .
220
21
220

240 j. ~16
21 I . IR· S. Newall&: Cn.
Rllint, & C'o.•
2-lO • GJaq,
W. T. IJflftl.-y
28 126 18 .. .. •
116 116
180 180 14. " ..
3.\ 70 250
i-l HS
i6 132 .. u .. •
JO
195
16
195
3,00
Glue, Elliot, Co. • a:
1 " " •
R4 R4 j Electric &: lntorn.'l-l
I. l tinul Tnt. r.n. • s

ÆTHERFORCE
THE FOLLOWING IS A TABLE OF THE CABLES ALREADY LAID IN THE SEAS
AND OCEANS OF THE WORLD.

... u..
O.P. 111&
Copper.

x..cu..
1 l>oftr ud Cape Grima 13,230 3300 30
2 DOTer ud Calaia • • • 314,600 260 1-1,820 7•160 1CK
3 Holyhead, Howth • • 168,480 960 11,400 6-100 80
4
l Portpatlick ud Do-l 318,200 300 20,312 10,126 160 2.\
l naghadee • • • • f
6 Denmark ••••• 184,748 162 6400 20J2 64 18
6 Dover, Oatond • 1,138,320 1080 73,126 36,460 6-10 90
'i Frith of Forth • 77,800 200 8180 18,.520 20 6
R Italy, Conica • • 1,697,200 1320 10-l,!f.JO ·H,6JO 660 110
9 Coraica, Sardinia • 146,200 120 9.S40 40.50 60 10
10 Holyhead, Howth 296,6-10 760 1J,.S04 61,300 78 76
11 Do• • • • • 296,6-10 760 l.S,60i 61,300 'i6 78

~Black
P~ckudWhite- ~ 328 848 312 22,280 10,630 16• 2S~
12 head f
• • • • •
39

:
13 wedeu, Denmark • • 137,020 130 66i18 26:13 13
If Sea • • • • • 66,iaa 2-1,098 367 ~7
i0,~4 24,6.52 11,678 173 173

c~~. ~~~~::}j
2078

48,.512 144 1906 1134 8i 12

wick • • • • •
17 . glad, Huover • • 807,680 3.160 66,::60 30,240 2240 280
18 · Hollud • • • 2,439,8-iO 1366 llO,Ui~ 78,336 6-14 138
19 Inerpool, Holyhead 161,-100 300 6926 3376 60 26
20 Chauilel Ialauda • • 460,306 837 14,787 10,230 03 03
21 Iale of Man • • • 19:1,680 360 i3H 2430 36 36
22 England, DeiUD&I'k • 2,734,200 4200 12·!,42.1 6700 4200 360
23 Folkeat.oae, Boulogue 429,120 !!S8 !!0,620 i776 .578 24
24 Singapore, Batalia • 66-l,aOO 9900 112,200 86,360 3860 .560
:n Swedon, Gottl&Dd • 248,()(H 768 10,176 60-18 448
240
84
240
26 Tum&Dia • • • • 933,600 2-100 38,160 16,480
27 Denmark, Great Delt 20:J,!!80 168 13,36,) .5£128 84 H
28 Dacca, Pegu • • • • 119,016 20118 ~1,228 18,096 812 116
~Newfouudland, Cape } 8600 .59.5 86

l
29 290,700 900 13,il16
Brotoa . • • • •
30 int Atlutic • • • • 6,140,800 428,400 7-18,000 3-10,000 23,800 :woo
ts.zf:l:a~i! ?:at~ 3,326,400 12,600 111,300 70,000 4900 '100
31
and CandiafromScio,
32 A~ena, to Sy1'1. and U31,1W saw ~2,621 61,900 3633 619
Scio • • • • • •
33 Sardinia, DoOIL , , , 707,000 1600 -12,7.50 80,000 600 126
i43,908 6-17,404 2-1,663 ~09
34 Red Sea a&nd India U,l26,714 63,168
36 Sicily and Malta • 499,100 700 10,080 71100 490 70
36 BarcOlona, Mahcm • • 638,460 2880 2.),&20 16,7-10 1260 180
37 ~!viz& to Majorca: St. l 639,900 :noo 31,800 18,000 1200 160
Antoni~& to Iviza •f
38 oulon, Algien • • •
39 Corfu, Otra11to • • •
40 Toulon, Conica
41 Malta, A.lexauclria
42 Wexford
43 Englaod, Holland
44 Sardinia, Sicily •
46 Penian Gulf • •

ÆTHERFORCE
THE TRANSATLANTIC CABLES HAD BEEN FORGED .••
AMERICANS AT ONCE COMMENCED THE TRANS LINKAGE U~IJ.'.1rS
OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT ...
VIOLATING EVERY REGIONAL BOUNDARY AND VRIL
AS THEY WENT ..•

ÆTHERFORCE
 -~--,_~~

.. '"-·~~~~- ..• ,
~·.:~ : '.:~~-·
.. :

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 HIS VISIONARY POWERS ALLOWED HIM TO FIND THOSE EARTH SPOTS
FROM WHICH VRIL ISSUEP IN GREAT FORCE ..•

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 SECTION
4

VRIL
STRUCTURES -

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 VRIL ARCHEFORMS SET THE LOCAL (REGIONAL) PATTERN

IN ALL AREAS OF HUMAN ENDEAVOR: ART, MUSIC, ARCHITECTIJRE,

AND TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMOLOGIES

...
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 • : .... : 1 •• ; • : ' ·~· •
. ..;·,
..' ':·:~·tJf.i. ..;.~, ~- ·; ~
.. .::-;:~~ ~t .:-~;' ;! ... :.
. ';~::::~:;~ ~: ,~-i~ . -~· . ~
.A,; •. ~:·<·~· :·~· . .:. _i: ..
: ;_ ,,~:: _::;~-.('
.--~~ :;......u,o._..-. . .1~· :.~':\, ' '

.\\
. \,_

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
···,~~-
~~:--:'
. . ...
\. .• '
\ .

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
--~~- WHEN THE RAY COMPONENTS ARE WELL BALANCED
THEN THE ORGANISM REVEALS FORMS· WHICH ARE PRIMARILY
DENDRITIC IN CHARACTER: VRIL IS
SIMULTANEOUSLY FLUIDIC AND CRYSTALLINE

ÆTHERFORCE
 WHEN WHITE RAY AND BLACK RAY CONNECT

SNOWFLAKES REVEAL THE PREPONDERANCE OF THE BLACKRAY COMPONENT

IN THEIR EXCESSIVE CRYSTALLINITY ••• AND A RELATIVE ABSENCE
OF THE DENDRITIC FORMS ASSOCIATED WITH THOROUGHLY '- ,:r..r- "J
LIVING ORGANISMS ' !Ia. ~~~
:A'¥. '-'*ii*?r·~-~- · A/T .. ~~~ _:"'~"'~':.·~Jti:li'"?~{~~.~

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
.· ....

WE ARE FOREVER SEEKING PERSONAL FUSION

WITH VRIL

ÆTHERFORCE
OF ARCHITECTURAL MOTIVATING DRIVE AND ENLIVENING POWER:
VRIL EMPOWERS ALL HUMAN ENDEAVOR AND ARTIFACT.

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 IT IS AN ANCIENTLY FOUNDED MAGICK SUN CIRCLE
MADE BY AMERICAN NATIVES IN PRE-HISTORIC TIME.
~i~.r-~4~.;..~:-A~~~~J
. . .. . .
._,"··- --. -
--::~ ~;~·;;..:-~ . ._~:~::)·;:.;,
.: ~ . _,-...

REGARDLESS OF HISTORY AND SEQUENCE:

WHATEVER HUMAN DESIGNS MANIFEST IN A LAND DO SO
BECAUSE OF VRIL INDUCTION DIRECTLY.

SO EVERY CULTURE WHICH MANIFESTS 'j£;.~~~~~1.

IN A REGION BEARS THE IMPRINT OF VRIL ARCHEFORMS

ÆTHERFORCE
 ,• I~ ,.

·.... ,
.......' ~,
'
.·'...
r t

'·
'·. • •t I •. ~

I I

l ~' ' I
... I

•
·' ..·'
,~.

'··,·I ' o' ·' / '•

~.. ~ '. . ••• I .

• I I ~·

TELEGRAPH AERIAL POLES WE SEE THE SEPARATION OF VRIL GRdUND THREADS

FROM THEIR NATURAL AND INTENDED HABITAT ...
THE AERIAL POLE SYSTEM PROVED TO CAUSE SERIOUS SCHISMS IN VRIL POWER
ACROSS A REGION OF GROUND.
.,- .
AMERICAN NATIVES SENSED THIS DISTORTION IMMEDIATELY •.• ~--

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 r ,_! • .-: ... 1;
...• ;·t .

• . I~·
.'
:
··..
.•~
· ..
• ·• I ! ';. •

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 ..

ARCHITECTURE AND LOCAL CULTURE ARE

ÆTHERFORCE
VRIL READJUSTMENTS ARE REALIZED IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE:
THE PROGRESSIVE TREND (RISE AND DEMISE) OF STYLES

ÆTHERFORCE
;;-i-····-.
.~~·.·
' . .. ~.~-~
, • ·.. ~
I

ÆTHERFORCE
VRIL STRUCTURES ENHANCE THE LOCAL VRIL ARCHEFORM
(AND BY DOING SO) ENHANCE CONSCIOUSNESS
IN THE REGION

STRUCTURES SO MADE MODIFY THE POTENTIAL VRIL

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 IN EVERY HUMAN ENDEAVOR, CULTURAL ADVANCEMENT,
AND TECHNOLOGICAL GENRE

~:

,.~~. . - - STRUCTURES WHICH PURELY SERVE THE UTILITARIAN NEEDS OF HUMANITY

NEGLECT TO FULFILL THE VRIL RESONANCEs IN THE GROUND ~.,.~,..--:---~
..,..VA~ .. \.~ FROM WHICH THEY EMERGE AND IN WHICH THEY ARE ROOTED$.~.~~.~

ÆTHERFORCE
THE MYSTERY OF THE CATHEDRALS AND TEMPLES IS NOT A SIMPLE ONE
TO DEFINE AND SPECIFY IN ORDINARY ARCHITECTURAL TERMS.

ÆTHERFORCE
.•·. THE DELICATE, DEFINED, RESONANT,
AND IriFORMED VISIONARY DOES NOT
E""'-~lll

DEMAND LITERAL CONSTRUCTION

ÆTHERFORCE
 THE KNOWLEDGE OF VRIL STRUCTURES
AND ENTUNED TRANSDUCERS
PERMITTED VISIONARIES THE RARE GLI~IPSE INTO VRIL MYSTERY

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 . \

TO BE ENABLED I~O THESE ARTS REQUIRED A SPECIAL VISION .

:......:~-=--~--~ .-.~

AND FORGOTTEN PARTICIPATION

ÆTHERFORCE
 ~J"tiiii?i' .
DIRECT VRIL CONTACT ...

ÆTHERFORCE
MATERIAL FORM AND VRIL VIRTUAL FORM:
HOW THE TWO COULD BE DEMONSTRABLY SH~~ED

AND UTTERLY SEPARATED.

ÆTHERFORCE
 ~[r. W. Stone, ctcscribing how he found he possessed the
art of clO\vsing, said:" [felt a peculiar twitchin~ in the ro•l.
and hearing that the: rod would tum with a.nyont: who had
this feeling. I \Vl1S determined to stop it if possible.:, but tom~·
astoni=ohment the rod twisted itself over until it brokll in my
grasp."

ÆTHERFORCE
 THE LANDS IN WHICH THEY WERE DISCERNED .•.
ENoLISII MrLEs.
1 2 3 4 5

~ V ~lc~nic} A, Upper· ~irel.

~ D1str1ct B, Lower Eifel.

AND VIRTUAL ENCLOSURES.

THESE VIRTUAL STRUCTURES WERE PURE EXPERIENTIAL FORMS

ÆTHERFORCE
COLLECT PONO
NEW Vo~IC.. IN l?g~

ÆTHERFORCE
AND LEARN OF THE CURIOUS RELATIONSHIP WHICH THE VRIL THREADS AND PATHS
TRAVERSE .•. RARELY ALIGNED STRICTLY WITH THE MAGNETIC MERIDIANS

ÆTHERFORCE
.
lfjj--~~/::;-
.' ·' ~
I I
.•./.
• • ." ... ·

THESE (WHILE SEEMINGLY INVISIBLE AND INSUFFICIENT)~

''
·WERE INDEED CAPABLE OF BOTH GENERATING AND EXTENDING
' ~·'

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
VRIL THREADS IN THE GROUND FOLLOW
INTERTHREADING PATHS ...
CONVERGING AND DIVERGING ABOUT SPECIFIC FOCI.

ÆTHERFORCE
 THE LINES ARE CHARTINGS OF EXCEPTIONALLY CLEAR CONSCIOUSNESS
THE LINES DO NOT TELL US WHAT WILL BE EXPERIENCED... .,
BUT THE LINES TELL US WHERE WE MAY EXPECT TO EXPERIENCE THE EXTRAORDINARY.~·
VRIL LINES ARE LINES OF CONSCIOUSNESS ••• OF SUPER RADIANT AWARENESSES (t
OR OF DEEP REVELATORY EPIPHANIES ••• THE VERY DEEPEST OF MOODS.

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 = g · · I S CAPABLE OF RAISING VRIL LEVELS FOR A TIME
WHEN THE RESONANCE IS FINALLY ACHIEVED BETWEEN VRIL GROUND AND STRUCTURE ~·

~~····-- THE BUILDING LOSES ITS POWER TO GO BEYOND THE FIXED BOUNDS ••• ~.s
k~~~=JI:~~ WHERE HUMAN .DESIRES ANP VISIONS ARE WONT TO GO... ~
. );. ...... Tl ..,.a ~ ~ •• t• ;:;:;;:
~:;
I •

..
••
~-
· ...
.
l-•·-·-
- .....

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
I
~~·~.
. .
r

.. ~·
~

ÆTHERFORCE
 ~Y'A~:;7yd-- r~~j/ -- ---....:.
}'yo- .1. ...,~'<1:~:.---;==-..-
.t.'rn .H.

FIR .r. .

FIG.2.

........... '
, ... ~-~.·, rrJI~~~~;..-~~
• ~, ..... 71'- • • II~ t .~

ASSOCIATED AS THE VIRTUAL VRIL STRUCTURES WERE WITH LOCAL

GROUND MATERIALS THEY WERE NOT VIEWED AS
TUNABLE ARCHEFORMS .•• FORMS CAPABLE OF BEING IN ANY WAY
MODIFIED, STRENGTHENED, AND ENHANCED
THROUGH HUMAN AGENCY OR APPLIANCE.

ÆTHERFORCE
_._,,,__...', RESEARCH OF A FEW DARING INDIVIDUALS .COULD GIVE FULL EXPOSITION . ~
~~CONCERNING THE VRIL VIRTUAL STRUCTURES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HUMAN CO~SCE{YS~SS.~
RADIO~~STS DISCOVERED THAT VRIL IS LIFE GENERATING:~':.;~
~........ A PRE-MAGNETIC ••• PRE-ELECTRIC ENERGY OF CONSCIOUS POTENTta:~~it
THE~_piSCOVERED THAT (THROUGH TELEGRAPHIC COMPONENTRY)~~ ~~~
,.,__~- ~VRIL COULD BE TRANSDUCED, MODULATED, AND MODIFIED BY APPROPRIATE CIRCUITRY~·
AND SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP ••. TRANSMUTING AWARENESS.~~ -- ·-'

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
Oxfhrd tap water after
cerentonial blessing
by the
ltev. j. C. Stephenson

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
I~IIIAV'hJII--·------IIIA~II~I
- (No ModeLl
G. S. MOTT.
-
DUPLEX TELEGRAPH.
No. 262,459. Patented Aug. 8, 1882.

NOT EVERY VRIL STRUCTURE NEED BE STRUCTURED IN MATERIAL FORM.

VRIL DOES ENHOST MATTER AND EXTENDS ITS POTENT
PRESENCE THROUGHOUT AN AREA

.rc
...
1J

/
--·-·--·/ ...... '\ _,-- - · - - - -
/'
...lJ~------- -- --";
~51-C--L::.:.:.;IH:...=.,_~-C-=-~ .~~~~ q1-------=..r~

T r

•A~ • .i!-t
• •

BUT ALSO EMPLOYS THE MORE POTENT AGENCY OF THE EPHEMERAL

AND "VIRTUAL" STRUCTURES MADE THROUGH DEFINED
RESONANCES AND RATE-TUNINGS OF
SPECIAL VRIL TECHNOLOG~.
TELEGRAPHY WAS ONE RECENT SUCH NETWORK ... A VRIL-ACTIVATED STRUCTURE
HAVING VIRTUAL ARCHEFORMS IN RESONANCE WITH ITS COMPONENTS

-- -
~IIJ~I lrrl*Nlll~lr
ÆTHERFORCE
1 • 4
1·11 ~ 'fN ~L~tJPAY~E FIND THE VERY FIRST INSTANc'r I~ t~...,..., ..... ~~~ ..... ~~
11

VRIL ARCHEFORMS COULD EFFECTIVELY BE ENTUNED, MODIFIED, :.1

111111 RESONATED, ENHANCED, MODULATED, &~ RAISED IN STRENGTH. 11111111
(No Model.)
..
G. S. MOTT.
DUPLEX TELEGRAPH.
No. 258,103. '
Patented May 16, 1882.
X .D

J.IN£,

/,'

',
1 •

CAREFUL AND SENSITIVE EXAMINATION OF THESE TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS

REVEALS THE PERMEATING AND SUFFUSIVE VRIL STRUCTURES
WHICH THE SYSTEMS ENTUNE AND SUPPORT

-~111V.~I
1
-
11~11~1
ÆTHERFORCE
 ~
0
- ~
0
--
~
t.;) 0
:·~~­ .;:. s:::a.
CD
co
·r~~t 0 -
~....~ (X)
0
.4'/ai/U?e.--z- ,J)'ta CUnLJL:
I

.P.N .Z tO
-
~ ~
t::l
' q a
t:t~
t-d
.. t:-t ~
t;wj t-1
~
:a ~a
I 7i ~ P=t
t;wj 0
f" ~ rt
'il &J
t-dp:j0
f Pl ll>- ~
p
l .A( C"t- t-d ""t
" "l'. t JCD
I:S •p:a
c+
CD
t:U
c.3
~:y. J (1_ TQUUM-1 ~
0 c.co
d.ruu-,z.d- r:r
~ CD -..
CD
~ c+
~{~ rA

...... Cll
I
00
00 CD
=-
CD
~ c+
~..~~~~ THE RESEMBLANCE OF EACH TELEGRAPHY SYSTEM WITH-GOTHIC w
IS AN UNMISTAKABLE SIGNATURE OF VRIL

------
--
~~~~~~

ÆTHERFORCE
 --------II~T~JII~ I
(No Model.)·
C. L. BUCKINGHAM.
-
DUPLEX TELEG RAPB:.

No. 258,367. Patented May 23, 1882.

--------~~~~----------------~~~~~-
~

~
ln--tlllllll -~t 0

WITNESSES: .. . INVENTOR
'* •
WE ARE AMAZED TO DISCOVER THE ANALOGOUS FUNCTION OF GOTHIC ELEMENTS
WITH CIRCUIT COMPONENTS THROUGHOUT TELEGRAPHY

-- - ... .crc. .... u . ---.o.c.

~11~11--1------llrrliNIII~Ir
ÆTHERFORCE
II~ llli\.Y.hJII--------11~¥.1 11~1
- G. S. MOTT.
Duplex Telegraphs.
-
~o.Jl21,850. Patented Nov. 18, 1879.
D

l'ig.i.
-
:.B --
.]'):

}{
.r D

d 1"
Jt ' ,, d

t
c t

~T c ~
R.h Rh.
c c
flg.~.
:a:-
e
: 1!>
e
-

TELEGRAPHIC AND TELEPHONIC SYSTEMS

ARE R&'IARKABLY ANALOGOUS
TO GOTHIC CATHEDRALS.
ONE IDENTIFIES THE VIRTUAL ARCHES,
VAULTS, COLUMNS, ARCADES, CHOIRS,
NAVES, AND EVEN (IN SOHE INSTANCES)

-~11rv.~11---:------11~111~11
- CRYPTS ... EARTH .BATTERIES . ,

ÆTHERFORCE
 ~III!..Vhll ~~~~~~
-- 2 ·- ~
0
-
0
. 13:
I\) 0
~
(1)
~
t.;
t ~ 'f:) .w
~·
""'-
t y- ~ - 0
>c.
_e
L'
C-t
t:j-
~~
·~
~-
(J)tl.l
,. -=- M ~
=- _£
N-= t-3·t:r:t
i =.;;......
Ar
,.,Lr
-=--
- CD&J>
-;;;;;;;;;;;--
:;;~
------- -oaq ~
----:r- Q)~l:'I.J
...z; ~p)­
~ _& (1)~
lI .
::Sc:TC-t
../lr ~
• I'
• ....
CD •
~·~ .. -:Ff.itJ .1 ..r c.
.z ~

c
~
·~n 1- ~ :I
.- ...CD rA
J;:1"
(1)
I\) (1)
J. r· ~- 1;s::g~ (J) c+
CD
,1 ~J I
rA
(X) J;:1"
I ~ • (1)
TELEGRAPHIC SYSTEMS TRANSLINK DISTANT STATIONS (1)
-oo·
c+
~ WITH VRIL ~
~·
-. ·:- ..,,
THE EFFECTIVE ENCLOSURE OF STATION COUPLETS ~··..:e,~;
!r
.- UNDER A SINGULAR VRIL·ARCHEFORM y~ ;.-

ÆTHERFORCE
 ~--- STATIONS ARE REALISTICALLY ENCLOSED IN
~~~~~~ A SINGULAR VRIL STRUCTURE OF VIRTUAL
COMPOSITION AND POTENTIAL:
A VAST AND EXTENSIVE VIRTUAL CATHEDRAL SYSTEM
~
CAPABLE OF BEING ENTUNED, MODULATED, ~
0
as:·
0
--
to.:) 0
AND TRANSFORMED ~
0'1 ~
L (1.) '-.,..
~ , __ l
·t\~~ I
......
0'1
·~ ~ J
~
~ ~.

t;j
.a
-
.~ ~
~~ -~'ig.J.- .B t,j•
t:'i
v t:r.l bj·
; .£ ~ q
t--3 a. ..
Ill
t'li~
i t:'i ........
t:r.l
ctl !:2:' .
t:d 'i:l .
~ ~·· p:t·'
~ r:t1 ...._ :
c+ • ..- .
I CD
e:J
• ~
•
·;·

p
I... : . .............
, c+
CD . •
p..
·,
. (J-.. -· C-t ll:»
·Pl
C4
~ ~·
(1)
~I (1.) (1)·
c:+
, .- ·r.o
.J#E ....... 1·.
. .M r.o
~~ = co
co CD
s:r.
-
·CD
C't'
~ ..
t~ I ·~ ~·
f\. IE" I

f l \

--
t~ll~

ÆTHERFORCE
 --------lltA•AJII~ l
(No Model.J
B. THOMPSON.
2 Sheets-Sheet 1.
-~
MULTIPLEX TELEGRAPH.
No. 265,645. Patented Oct. 10, 1882.

' ; . ' INVE~~:

.~ • ~~ .. / )w,_~
.···?n·~~

- -~--.-D.C. -
~11rn~1--1------IIIY~~II~IF
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 Radiology In the Field of
Mineral Deposits
Bg

A. STANLEY ROGERS and MRS. ROGERS

Kansas Cit9, Missouri

THE "STATIC INTERFERENCE" THEY OFTEN ATTEMPTED TO ERADICATE

WAS VRIL SATURATING THEIR SYSTEMS WHEN THE RHEOSTATS
WERE PROPERLY ENTUNED.

. . ... . ~ . . :

z" ••

. . . . ~ .

.:!' .: ~~prill~¢ fwl1l..!'.4~. .~ptember, 1932, luu.e of the Joumal of the

·~:····:·_'· ·:: ··~;~~·A_.m~·ElectTPnic ResetUCh A.ssociatioa, .· ·
.;.a~ .. ~"t'':t;......... , ·(~,.~-:-:.;;. ...
..;,.~-·.. ., . '· #"" t ••••

).~~~:::!i~.~.. ~~.:. · ·.. · .> . ~·.;:r-~~--~K.etJTII.eg,..Nebr., U. S. A.

ÆTHERFORCE
 ·RADIOLOGY IN THE FIELD OF MINERAL
DEPOSITS.
8)' A. STANLEY ROGERS and MR~. ROGERS, Kanaaa City, Mo.

Jo.:dUona Note: tuning devices of Hnch windln~"H ~and

Whllo the Americana Klectronlo 'R.Nearch CMlibratiou aa would pick up and iclen-
Aat•uctaUon J. concerned c:hletly with re- tity waves from matter. which belong
a~eu.rchea In the field of bumaa lUe and •
health St J• not wsthaut lDte....t tn tho in the light-wavo b&Dd. With the dia-
crowth of the aJ•PilcaUc:n ot the trutha and tributlOD of thlS kiiid of equipment,
natural Ia we UPQn Which E. R. A. ar• found· in this and several foreign COUlltriea,
e4 ln the flelda of acrtculture, animal hua-
bandry, chemtatry and tnduatr7. The ar· progress began through individual
. _ ....JUcJe preeentecS herewith detalle certabl ob- study and investigation by several
·• ·.. ' 11ervat1ons In f1el4 work wh!ch may have an ·
Important bearlnc upon aome ot tbe prob- hundred workers, each following his ,__ • __................ _"Jj~~~~
Jem11 ut E. R. A. dlapoe!a and Ia tberetore own trend of thought for experimcn- '
worthy ot apoclal atudy. tation.
It will be a matter of aurprlae u well &. Th k f h Pr t M.l --~~ •.~.----,
lnterca~t to the maJority of our members to e wor 0 sue men as O • 1• -•l-~,... . .--'.
Jearn to what extent Abram.• dlacoveriea liken, and the cooperation of the
have IK".f'n uUUzed outaide of the fleld of American Electronic Research A.ssoci-
"-''•·-·--m-ed_,lclne. ~ •. M. H. at ion, with its monthly publication of
· Radiology, as applied to field ex- contributions,· has fanned the flameR
ploratiniJ, iJt tho Hhrdy of thn lawN gov· ot ProgreHa until today the vast ma-
t•rning tbc liberation and behavior of jority of the whole civilized world ac-
(•ucrgy from a parent body through ct•pts the electrical nature ·behind all
the proct~MSCM o! atomic destruction material existence.
und radhltion. The development of equipment has
'1'11c first practical problem is .to Ret the whole science on a firm faun-
identify tbc specific kind of energy dation and the photo-electric cell is
and know that it is that particular ~::q>~cted to do much that has hereto-
kind of energy. fore required the technique of experts
It is not our purpose to go into a in the operation of tuning devices.
treati!)e of tbe science of atomic de- Further encouragement was given in-
!:ttruction, as the general theory of the dividual workers by announcements
t•manation of energy frpm all matter frozn such institutions as Johns Hop-
i~ uow taught in the average high kins University to the effect "that in
t«:houl. The electrou was first diacoY· the light of present knowledge, all
ert•d a~ a ,.ubdiviaion of the atom upon matter in its last 11.nalysis is merely a
tlu~ rt•aJi~ation ol the existence of wave.'' .All this has tended to still the
DJotion in aU materialaubstanee. Next tongues of moat ot the pseudo-acien-
<~Jllll(' the id('ntification of the proton, tific critics.
ur ceutral nucl~us and poNitive charge The writer aud his wife, who has
wJajch ia. opposite to thu electron and, bc~en a clottc associate and ina~pira.tion
fluully, the photon ~r third . cl~ment through wcarr years of experiment.a-
of the atom;· which is perhaps -tJi4rbal- tion !ri. tlio field," hereby humbly inake:·
uucing or uniting ~orce of the former a brief report and contribution, trust-
two ilarta. . . . .· . .:--. t ·.-~ ~ ~., • ing th~t it may help. aom~ne grasp
lfany ·books might. b.~::.rf~i1.tiaud;.. ~tl1e bcat:ttY ~n~. significance of .theie.
iug. the fearless research· and·; teach~· ·;laws so .~at 'the7 may.· be utilized for
inga of such: men as Dr~):.Albert . <the benefit· of ~e ·whole human ·race,
· ~b.~alD$ _in ~~lishi:ng .Tru~.~ut ~e .:.or.. ~ir~ .a9~~ :·.o~er. carewoz:n in-. IIJt)t.~K~
p~unt 1ictor in. ·JDeaD&~ ·~v~p~r·· ta"gr~_ater··effort~: ·· · ·•:. · ·-:
tO!- ... . . . .

ÆTHERFORCE
 ·•
§1...........
~~. •·
,.•!·-~~,~~~~~~~~~~
~-:~"'-~
. ~ I• .._. __ --.;=-.•~

~;~~~~-j;·
~~~ ~·,\ '~ ·~· - ·......."JJf
.-r~~ ~~ ~ ... . .

;-4~..../. .·
?~ .~ '7, ~~ ,; itt" faith in a Supreme Being, making and variations from a normal condition
~- · .!!~.,~··,-J maintaining these laws, and bow in due to unconformity, differences in
~"' .. ~c ~ a jfr reverance to the te.achings of the formations, miDeralization, faults,
:..;:\...·~,jfi;!"~ flj ;. :' Rrutherlaood .of Love aa. set forth by underground streams, and, in surface ._ .
~~~~ -~~~.-.; JPMll&, the Christ. · . , work; roots, creeks, bluffs, cracks,/·\ ·
~\.. ~ ~f)·:~ The. writera.1aave confined most -o~. :~.~tc., and, furtber, we were enabled to('- .... =----··-
~1. ' ·· 1 , . : thttir 'studies ~f the behavior of e~~~~;d~r,~lop equipment. to make the ener- ·.
'I gy, after being liberated, u of tw~ gy perform accordtng to our nee(lR. _,-·-----~
' Kubstancea, «aid and oil, but were Jed To pa·operly carry on the work it
to recognize certain laws · governing became necessary to develop aids for
the liberation &Dd radiation of all ·the standard equipment, due to the
matter in so doing. fact that · the original devices were -............ ,_ .... ,1iiiiin!St\J
In releasing some .acatt~red· find- not d~~igned to handle the volume of ..~,.......,.:,'f""..,jr"••
ings we should uot hesitate to give energy found in the field work in con-
due credit and thanks to some who nect-ion with deposits which would be
have ~ncouraged and aided, among commercial in quantity to develop.
whom should be specifically mention- As we are always working hun •.
ed, T. G. Hieronymus, Underground dretts and even thousands of feet __.,.~_ ......._
System Engineer for the Kansas City away from the @rent body, therefore
Power and Light Company and W. M. the science of rad1ology, strictly in-
Longworth of San Antonio, Texas. terpreted, refers to the identification
It waa a simple operation to place of the energy and the performant!e of
an electrode on specimens of these tbe energy as goverru.•d by tlw lawN or
Rubstances and tabulate certain read- radiation.
iugs when waves were received from
tbe manipulation of the .tun· ·
i'
,
The great secrecy which RO rigicl-
ly maintained by each field workP.r
an to work out uumga for direetion make" it necessary for someon~ to
when the specimen was removed from announce some ~xperiments and their
li tlie proximity of the electrode; but to results. For example, a specimen of
l- work out a mechanical detector such st~rling silver, weighing five and sev-
f .... as Dr. Earl Smith and his assistants enteen twenty-fifths points. on the
were known to be using, and to de- machines, was buried in the grouncl at
velop amplificaton to the factor of a depth of about two feet. A few
ov~rJQQ ..!iJw:1 and make same port- weeks later over thirty-five points of
awe ioD field Use, Or learn the rea- energy was found and energy was
Rona behind certain failures o.f both idcntjfit'd for a distance of over ae,·-
-:~, uQr own and Otb~rs, became a DlUCh cnty feet in uJl directions. 'rhh:i areu.
· • • )urger undertaking and lut~ required became named by us as the magnetic...;.!
~--=:au expenditure of funds not taken field of fll'''f{~ and we set u.hout to ~

.\. ~l into consid~ration. But by continued discover the reasons for it:-~ cxiMtencc. .· ·

9
~ ~ efforts. in tl.le field, slowly but surely These forces, 1n the orcler of thei~
r--ro~.-~.. there unfolded a set of fix~d and im- opposition to each other are, fint,
· mutable laws, _always to be consider- ljght ADd Ktavity, building up a per-
:~ J"ed .a.iul=-riftODtkl. 1rith~,makiu.g eaeh .. pendicular pull; aeaond, polarity, gov-
,·• finding•. We. were finally driven back erning the north-south pull; and last:..
to tbe science. of phyaica fpr- e.xplan- ly, electro-statics, which runs at right
..__ _._.,.. ation·of.aome.-beh&vior.·aud finally to angles ·to polarity. and governs the
astronomy .iA :a.ccounting _for devia- east-west pull; hence, we have the
tion and defleetion . at: .d~ferent sea- three main· directional forces with op-
Hons ~4 ,latitu~ea. posite attractiona, that ia to the po_si-
·;.· ·· ~ot theae laws, tivc and negative eharge -in all mat-

l~~~~~~~;ij:~~.,~·w~·ag:ram.iug ·of a ·ter, creating a -·balancing eondition.

· 'a'~detail,t:e.f-· -~·«Dd ~operatin~r.te!!;~~~~~~·~-· ·ttr~._
in

ÆTHERFORCE
 sul)jet:t of Prot. Einstein 'a lecture however from· the ma.nnlulatilons
in Loa ADreJes, California a few he is confronted with interference.
montha ago. . .-· In the field we are often called up-
Energy ia not :~liberated to travel on to .explain why directional tunimr
in tbPAe 11ix direction. as above out- eau be effected. NoW, if in the natural ·
I ined until ,A~a'gheti.zatioa takeN a~ni~g~~iizat.ion process only tlte pho-
place by. ~~action of light and air, ton, or light charge, i:a disinttar~Uated ~--·~........
and perha{il~·oiher conditiona, and as the 11e-xt step is eaHily taken as to wby
natural ·clemap~tiza~ion is found to . ~e ..can do directional tunin(.
be exceeded hy · ·atomic destruct ion, It .is well known that a ray of light~...,.-..
thia magnetic field of energy is found rttaches the earth carrying three pri-
to accumulate when the reach- mary and three secondary colors and
that something happens to these light ..."'-•rr.·l!"
all that ia wave& when they reach the earth, in
c!hanged in the ()emagneiiution pro- the way of ahliorption, deflection or
ec~s:c is tbe photon, for we find no loss ra&diation. With our apparatus wo · .._-.g...~~... ;;'!
of the po11itivo and negative· charge find these colors separated and de-
after e11ergy is liberah~tl from the fleeted according to their polarity
magnetic field; when studied, even and that they travel along the sur-
for a distance of about three miles face of the earth, and in the air iD-1
north. of the true location, the posi- set, specific dirrctigg and no othet·
~.liiiiU~-._tive charge is found to be intact. It These colors are of different wave- .P".• -.-:-.,...-:·--··-
·will be seen later how the photon is IPngths and rMuire differr.nt tunin~. '#~,·~1mt~t:~11
carric!d out iu the different light- fh three ri ooJorR being oRi·
wave baudai and betrays the presence ti:g. in polanJ.l. travel io the no
that kind of energy in that locality. ·~~beast, and northwest, l'Upectlve·
Many mistakes have been J:Qade and ly, while the secondary, being nega· .....,. ___ ,,,.;a,
the expenditure of a great deal of tive, travel south, aoufheast and N.~~~
money resulted from the erroneous as- sout.hweat. 'Vith our equipment we
~umptiou of radiologista~ tha&t "energy could prove the polarity and wave-
liberated. in the earth rises perpen- length by checking the same color in
dieularly · to the surface.'' This can- any substance but this did not ex- 6~~,~~-
not posaibly happen except directly plain why we could bring energy _ ... _.,WI~
over the equator a:t a time when the from the east and west on other re-
snn and other influencing l.-la11c:ta are htted tuniuga on our seta. We finalfy
in a certain r~:::; -:u with relation to decided that the two colors carrying
the eH.rt h, ur the earth •in a certain hese directions run in tht•
•• \>IIHJOD with a relation to them; but
clue to the varying motions of the
t•arth, &J'ld even an actual wobbling
•&&"~:~!!, :.!!&~~ !!:ut- i.; purely a ·theor- wn out to giye wider latitude for
ilili~~~S,;etieal oue. In actual field work, cal- variationa to ihe right anci left of
lli;i;~-~~ ulat ions mullt always be made to get these potnts. szo,vly t-:, the student
uu cH:curate location and actual man- unfolds the realizati·;•• of the ener- w~."JI!'~a~~~-
•t'ul~tion of the energy carried out tn ,.:zing oi the so!! i~ each locality and
.~ th" 1nAAt1~~ ef t!.• !•~!";.nt Doc1y. its fixed relati~_,.. to the-·whole earth ._.. ...,.z-... - -
It ia thought after several years of as one hP.~e magnet, so that a soil
fi~ld experience that even by this specim.. ::. taken ia merely the process
·,;:_l'i"iti~fP 1 method a amall percentage of failures · ol :,..~k~=.e· o-!f a amall piece of any
will result whe~ coubn~ta,! -:-.;~h """"r m~~t, -which givea ua as a r·e-
bandling e.a_er...c !.~!:.·Kreat 4tpth;t, &lili Cifilr r. ama!!~= .~~:t~t~et h··~ .• ~~.Ac
where '":- -~ra&wlUOii, faulW. &Di ~~pr'l!."actiug of the ~cr. -
.....,..~···~-..~.-~·at'Ound •treama iDt.rfee. '::·,a~ • ::': Some operators "In ·th8tield are em-
~..:~~~~·• expe~ienc~ (~o~~·····,~!._. ~ ployiD•. the_;.~..~...~A affbiities to brin~~~~~,.Q~~;~~
~J~~"'ij

ÆTHERFORCE
 a wave thew • aeta. by. placing· a of .the -old field having· taken plaae
apeeimezi~•of the •eubatanee being atu- before ~omplete demagnetization has
died· hi ·the circUit: -Their· reason for taken place, floats ·and · alipe away
_
this is ~~9leey that in tuning from' the true location only to be
they are coiitN&ted with interfuence stopped by mineralization or contact
-....-- froan othe'f\lihaflnceS.· 'I'h.iR practice .·with other UD'balanced portion. of
will surely bring: in a wave· but their fields' of like substances. The inexper- ·~~Iii
failure to understand what ia happen- ienced operator in the field picks up
ing within the circuit ia appareut. In these old unbalanced portions and
our seta many peryendiculara W c~ not having equipment and knowledge
ated in tJie proceu ot tuning and the of how to eliminate them, immediate-
negative charge. u fyt as it. ia Jib'ei- Jy thinks that there "iar still a great
·,1.ted. drn'2!! to the bottom of the Joiig untouched reserve of the substance
apace provided by the lonl' binding which he ia looking for left in the
~terew and- the top of screw apr~ ~artla. Only experience can help him in
out to give more surface for the tun- t hi.-. situation as we have found that
iug post and provides a great radiat- the unbalanced wave will still come
ing surface for the amall amount of through built up in the equation of
1 ~ne.argy we are actually handling. eight or ten on the band-pass filter
·/Demagnetization ia gomr on constant- pru1ciple. Further there is no single
' Jy and the tuning posts are haatening tuning in the field of nature where
the process. The negative charge, be- we have studied that other substances
ing heaviest, unbalanced portions of will not come in OD the same tuning.
~&amc rush back tbrough the circuit But the greatest error, whiah we
to the ground where they belong and have found in all field. work ~ud the
even the positive follows in part for ltardest to overcome and get away
it too belongs in the earth. And this from, is the assumption of t·he opera-
returning energy will connect up· with tnr that he can make a no~v location
and bring in any and all unbalanced becauHe he can dcmon~trate from soil
waves of the aame substance which analysis from a produciug well o1· an
are in the locality, such aa from pipe open shaft taken on the aturface, ..
lines, oil tanks, and filling stations in which he has never seen .
., the case of search for oil and from 'rhis was oue of the t•a:sie~t opera-
banks in neighboring towns in the tion:s which tbe writers learnt•d to do
· case (Jf gold surveys. The operator, bt!C&UNe we knew it could be uonC'
who has not sufficient equipment but it kept u2; longest in the darkuel\:t
~ and does not know how• to build up of the rt•al 1wohh•m of 1nuking a Inca- •
the tuninga for the three different tion.
substances that make a true wave, \\'hen uu l)perator makl·~ thia locH-
and to build up au equation on the tiun dmnom,tratiou from a well or
principle of the band-pass filter, is Hhaft, in the ca:se of the well, a hol~
practically helplesa in the field. has been drilled into the sand to punc-
It has been found that after a cer- ture it and a ,teel pipe run into the
tain period of time has elapsed the hole. This ca:iing naturally conducts·
· p_ositive and negative portions of the the energy to the surface, setting
magnetic&. field~ ·.divide .or aplit 'and a~ide·· the laws governiDg the drift ol
start in the direction of their ~espect- the energy as it rises to the surface
____ r~..t_ r:._~r-~r. ive poles, causing in effect the shed-
4 under the pull of the photon toward
g Gf,the old .m.&ruetic field, after light, being all the while deflected by
~,_,, ........... auother ··.with. lower volume ~larity . and ·electro-static. This is
re&dinp begili. building up in · the true -of the hole or ~aft admitting
llli'r.P"""o-Jflalready energized area and with the water and light, for in each ease the
---..-..11:!11.-•""'.. accumulation~ ,~of . liberated energy photon is given the advantage and
· division acta. .V:1e call . ~ese demo111trations

ÆTHERFORCE
 tlae "telt'pbone method" but
Uun mtiHt be made 1aku1g into eonHid- demonstrate.
era~ion Nature's broadcasting laws. It For U1is and many reasons the
iM too bad for us field workPnt tlutt 11ritPrs arc weary of dcmonstratiuns
making a location i.t~ not so ~hntda a.. taving done so through five state11 in
proce~~ as making a uPmonstration. If '" many years, and Hatiafactorily
it weart• thPre bas never been anyone .vhere contamination had nut re.-.uJt-
who ba." yP-t pictured the Rupply .~~ C! :1, ancl rt~llJizing that a perfect dem-
oil tbat would now be in evidelle~ orJstratiou does not prove that the
during our alowly improving oil aii~·~·~~radiologist has skill to go to the fi-:Jd
ment& Such a demonstration merely~.· · ~4 perform a service by grasping
&riv~ the employer confidence or the· pro·blems which eonfront him on
wakes an early operator of ec1uipment each particular location, block out
go out ancl MIJPnd J1iH own monPy as counterfeit waves, unbalanced waves
wu dicl. But new location11 mauH by of the aame substance, read, chart and
the same methods will invariably re- give his findings for a pa:-ticular area.
Rnlt ir1 fai1urt-s (for wbicb we have Succeuful surveys can only be made ..
J•aid our Ahst-t~ to l«'arn) exel'pt in by rur1ning ot many elimination testa
eusl•s of acciciPntal hitting ot prodnc- aftPr a preliminary survey ahowa poa-
timt, in whicb (!ase the depoRit encoun- itive. A field crew under the direction
lt•a·..tl will never be Uu: one bt•ing of thn radiologist, who must know
studied hy the radiologiHt. what l1e is trying to do, ia the correct
Jt i:-s not our purpose to condt:mu by answer. .t

tl1is writiug any of the efforts of our· Success has always )ieen based up-
competitors, who arc, so far as we on the judgment used by the employ-
know, sincere and hone8 t in ·tbt'ir cr in picking the right man for the
cvt'ry endeavor; but we will Htate work to be performed and in planting
faith in aud responsibility upon him.
Jwreiu, and without reservation, that We Jive by faith, whether it be in
if he condPmns these discoveries, thiH tlaeo !nod we eat, the lawyer, doctor,
puts on him to go to the field and dt•ntist, broker and others we employ.
. . toil for several years and learn more If you select the wrong mao, learn
~ ~ about what .he is trying io do, for your lesson and hold your peace. Iu
_ · ~~; handling energy from a specimt-n in ~he last anal!sis it ia your own bad
, . ~ the laboratory, }Jropcrly insulated JUdgment wh1ch should be condemned
. j'*'4~~ and demagnetized after rnnning each and licenses, reputation and exam-
. )~ tc·~t, .iJi not the problem with which ining ·boards can never remove this
~~'- 4CJ~" Ju• iK confronted when he goeH to the rcspqnsibility from _your ?wn sho~l-
'" . ·~· \ ·. · fic•ld. Jlj" failure to grasp the Mig- der:~. If you are domg th1a work m
.. :; · . ·t .p:- nificance of the difference in hi" the fielu, learn what you ar·e tryiug
·.. ·. ·~~· ~ pruiJiems w. iU leave in his wake a long to do, for there is need for many ·of
" ··; r. '1.~"· • . list..Qf ~~i~t~.~ea. ~d..~~~poi~~ru~nta in. •·' us~ bu~. ~.you are still learning,. ~ne
·· , ~ 1-.. i the sc1ence whJeh we love ·and are.··· fatlure · Uilder · the · 4emonstrat1on ...

~
. -~/
4 ·, wedded to and. desir.e to. protect. Dis~ .. method should. be enough to drive you
- . - · ·' c:~very .of. the· .r~na for ..failure of to other methods· or s~cure more effi-

~
, t ~: :"1..~. the·.·.~tclcpho~·e·m~n~~d'. has personally ·..:Cienr. hel.·p :than yo~ c~n furnish. The
. . ~- . ~ co.~-t t~e.··wnte~.-.~~ ~xc~ of. $50,000,. _great J~~na of this hfe are ~earned
~;. but thas, however,.~a a amallaum·eom- .: from ·•ift1ug ·the chaff to flDd the
. : . •:;: .p11r~ .Y! .\!le. ~-~~s .. o~ ao!'De of our.~ · of truth. ·
~•7 :~·. ~h~~r~~~:~·~ff:~;~~t~~!~. ~~~ ·~~~~ : ~~ . IS~~
·-.-r· • -·
a • I·~
atdt.
' 5

ÆTHERFORCE
 .;. .... ··1·- .• ·- ...··--~ .... j ~ J. ......;... i -- :... _,_
.'
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';.... J ...

'} -~ ....
jt;.. ......
I••
i ,y··.
........ ~.
j •

.
. -~-~-- •f•· ... . .. I

·. : l.r1; ...
••" • /; '

' ---$...~. ·• ·- .. -· - . -- -
.z~
..J

...._. . r---·· •
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!,£; )

.. . ., ..
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.: (
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~

·- . ....:_.- .... . -'- .. - . I •

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--
------ ---
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...... - .. .. _....----.-..,.
-~·---
... ~~ -...........

ÆTHERFORCE
 (taken tram putlications nnd
not verif.ied by us)
use in starting equatioilS if you lla.ve occa.siou to work

~ulphur 39
45

;.La~nesium 46
47

52>~
Potassium 54

60 '
. Phosp~orous 63
84
87
63
64

ÆTHERFORCE
 . -
~-

I ,._

~~~~~~~~~ww~~~~~~~~~~~·~·-~~~~
•· ' ..;._ ··- --..._

---......;,.

ÆTHERFORCE
 ..
"

~ ~ et~e0_..,,

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I
•
i

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t . '
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,. .
'
t'

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·- . .... . .
... ·~
., .. "

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ÆTHERFORCE
 ' .. f
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ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 -1.- Radiology

In releasing iome scattered findings, ve should not hesitate to give

due credit and thanks to some who have encouraged and aided. among whom
should be specifically mentioned, T.G Hieronymus, Undergro'tmd System
..._..,.._ ... Ehgineer. for the Kansas City Power· and Light Company and W.M. Longworth
a:.iil~ a£ San Antonio, Texas.

It was a simple operation to place an electrode on specimens of these

substances and tabulate certain readings when waves were received from the
manipulation of· the tuning dials, and to work out the tunings ror direction
when a mechanical detector such as Dr.- Earl Smith andi his assistants were
known to be using, and to develop amplifications to the factor of over 900
times and make some po~table for field use, or leave the reasons behind
certain ideas of oehers, became a much larger undertaking and has· registered
as expenditures of .funds not taken lnto consideration. But by efforts in ~
.. the fields, slowly but surely, there un.f'olded a set of laws, always to be
X considered and reckoned with in making each finding. We were finalr;l
~iven back to the science of ph,sics for explanation of some behavior
and finally to astronomy is accounting for deyiation aad deflection at
different seasons and latitudes. -
~·· With understanding of these laws, the charting and diagraming of a nor-
:::2\~~ mal condition became a detail, after which we w~re able to explain
~~~. variations from a normal condition due to uncomformity, differences in
~ ___. £ormations, mineralization, faults and undergrolmd streams, and in sur+.·
t"-~ face work, roots, creeks, bluffs, creeks, etc., and further enabled us to
~"4 develop equipment to make the energy perform according to our needs.

J::• ~
'--
To properly study on the work it became necessary to develop aids for
the standard equipment, due to the fact that the original devices wer.e y
n2t desisned to handle the ygl1pe of energy found is the field work which
would be ;.9mmercial in quantity to develo..E•

ÆTHERFORCE
~~~--=--~:~!k~~
~--~~ • ~tf.~~- ... ~
,.p~,~ -2- Radiology ·.. ·

~~~'f.~ and negitive charges is all matter, creating a balancing condition and
....~~separating to build up a gravitational and electrical field which was the
('~ ~~· subject of Prof. Einstein's lecture in Los ·Angeles, California a few months

~~--ago.
~~.~~~Energy is not liberated to travel in these s~x directions as above outlined
~~~·~ until deorganization takes place by the ac.tion of light and air, and perhaps
~other conditions, and as natural demagnetisation is found to be exceeded
. -. . gy atomic destruction, this magnetic field of energy is found to
,. :r.· ·,. __ accumulate when the energy reaches the surface of the ground. We have
· . .fUrther deducted that all that is changed in the demagnetisation process
~;t~~~-- in the photo~ for we find no less of the positive and negative charge after
... i-'-.~nerg:{ is liberated from the magnetic field. '·.When studied even for a
~ · ~~-distance of about three miles north of the true location, the positive c
... - ~t charge is fomd to be intact. It will be seen later how the p~oton is

~
~~:'carried out in the different light-wave bands and betrays the presence of
~ ~~at kind of energy in that locality.

~-=4 Many mistakes have been made and the expenditure of a great deal of
· -~ money resulted from the erroneous assumption of amateurs in the field of
-f.. -~· radiology that energy ltberated in the earth rises perpendicularly to
. the surface. This cannot possibly happen except directly over the equator
;,-_ at a time ~en the srm and other influencing planets a;pe in a certain -po;l.
;-_~ ~- ...- si tion with relation to them but due to the va.ryini' motions of ehe ·earth
.-j•,.7 and even an actual wobbling motion, that time is purely a theoretical
'*'{/ . - ~one. In actual field work, calculations must always be made to get an
·'~t .. ..~- accurate location and actual manipulation of the energy carried out to
ff' ~~..~\.~~: prove the location of the parent body. It is tholl8ht after several years
·~\i of field experience that even by this method a·. small percentage of failures
':~-~will result when confronted with handling ene~gy from great depths where
'-'.;:· .. · mineralization, faulting and underground streams interfere. The ex-
C:~~perienced ra~iol~gist will know however fro~ the manipulat~ons ~hat he is
.- ~~ ~ confronted w~ th ~nter.ferences.
'\.

f / 'j-/\ In the field we are often cltlled upon to explain why directional tun-
,.. .,. ·~ ing can be effected. Now, if in the natural demagnetization pnocess only
~f . ~ the photos, or ·light 1eherge ·is disintergrated the next step is easily
, • · taken as to why we can do directional tuning.
,~- ..
~~ :~·:.(' It is well known that a ray of light reaches the earch carrying three
r~. r~ primary and three secondary colors and that something happens to these
~-~ light waves when they ieach the earth. In the way of absorption, de~lection
~~-:.r~-- or radiation. With our apparatus we find these colors separated and de-
1~~ fleeted accord.ing to· their polarity and that they travel along t. he surface ~ ·~
~.~" of. the e~th. and _in ~tpe ~ i_s a ~et, .. s,p~cific direc:tion and ~o-~o.th~r. . _ ~ :-~~"" ~
• · -~ · :' These ·colors ar. e of different wave-:lenght_s and reqm.re diffe~ent tunigs. -.:-·~
· .
"- ~ . \The three prim_a.ry colors, being positive ~n polar.i. ty- and that t_hey travel . ~"'-.:."'

I
'~ along .. ~~·-the 'no:tt~ '_nortl'te"ast,. ,and northves_t,. respectiyely, while t_he . . '
:.. · ~ seco~, ~e'~~ao._n_egatiT.e ·~raV.'l sout_~·~ eontheast .and: sout_}\west. ~Wit;h .. : ..• ·. .
. --~ ·oui: · eQ.Ul:J8~nt ~ c;ouJ:d.'"·prd~'~the''~iS.ri:tY,·'Ind··iile~wave'le'nS\hv.b:r~cbecking · ·.~-- ::
~-~:·the ..same ·color ·in. th~·~· subst~es. b~t :·this ·did· not •.explain.- vhy -we could-:~:- . . ~­
:~ bring energy from the ea.St and west on 6ther related tunings on our sets.· · ·
~~We finally decided that the two colors carrying energy in these directions · ~
.. run in the electro-static bands and hense we have an explanation of the ~~
:~~ eight point tuning and an attachment was worked out to give wider latitude
~~~ for variations to the right and left of these points. Slowly to the
"nc~,~-o411~~--
~-:~~id\';.~ ~ ~-
'.:r-..~ ~-.,.,~·
. ~
_\:, '
~'W~=~ ·-i~--. ~-- \~ -' . - __ :i6tti.~~~~~--.
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 ~·
When an operator makes this location demonstration from a well or ~-~
shaft, in the case of the well, a hole has been drilled intoothe sand ~
, to puncture it and a steel pipe run into the holei This easing naturally ·
conducts the energy to the surface, setting aside the laws tcverning
the frilt of the energy. as·· it rises to the surface under the pull of the ·
Tahoton toward light, being all the while deflected by polarity and electro- ,. .. .
._...,;;;........_. ._. stat"ic. This also i~ true of the hole or shaft admitting water and light, 'l1;.
for in each case the photon is given the advantage_ and acts. We call ~~"f
these demonstrations the· 'telephone method' but a location mpst' be made ~~- '~.,~
. taking into consideration Nature's broadcasting laws. It is. too bad for · ' · ~~

• &
-.Ius field workers that making a location is not so simple a process as
making a demonstration. If it were there has never been anyone who has
~:Jf4
. ~~ . .~-:i·';
.
._.
- yet pictured the supply or oil that would now be in evidence durir.g our -~~~
slowly improving oil ailments. Such ~ demonstration merely gives the -~~~
employer confidence or makes an early operator of equipment go out and .~~~ - ..., __
spend his own money as we did. But now locations made by the same methods ~· __ ~
will invariably result in failures {for vHicbowe have paid oar share to - -~
learn) except in cases of the accidental hitting of production in which ..\.
- 7ase ~he deposit encountered •..rill never be the one being studied by +be raQ.- ~- ,
_..,...... 10log;st. r
~
~-
. . /'
It is not our purpose to condemn by this writing a.'"'ly of the efforts ~-~-~~--:
._'-~- ·.~_.;·-.
our fellow competitors, who are so far as we know, sincere and honest ~~
in their every endeavor but we will state herein and without reservations ~
that if he condemns these discoveries, yet expects to get accurate results, ~· -
• then his is the responsibility of going to the feild to tell 1~ ~
for several years and learn more about what he is trying to do, as handling -~~
energy from a specimen in the laboratory, properly insulted and demagne-
tized after running each test. is not the problem with which he is con-
fronted when he goes to the field. His failure to grasp the significance
of the difference iB his pDoblems only will leave in his wake a long list
of failures and disappointments in the science which w~ love and are wedded
to and desire to protect. Discovery of the reasons for failure to produce
after sucessful demonstrations by the "telephone method" has personally
cost the writers in excess~of 150,000, but his , however, is a small sum
compared to the sacrifices of some of our honest competitors who still
adhere blindly to the old methods used to demonstrate.

ÆTHERFORCE
 -5- Radiology

preliminar.y survey shows positive. A field crew under the directions

or the radiologist, who must know Wkat he is trying to do, is the correct
answer.

Success has a1 ways been bases upon the· judgement used by the employer
in picking the right man for the work to be performed and in placing ·;;·
faith and responsibility upon him. We live by faith, whether it be in the
rood we eat, the lawyer, doctor dentist, broker and others we employ.
I!' you select the '4'ong man, learn your lesson and hold your peace. In
the last analysis it is your own bad judgement which should be condemned
· and licenses, reputation and examining boards can never remove their re-
sponsibility from your own shoulders. If ~u are doing this work in the

As we have seen no effort to make any of the field problems public,

yet having definite knowledge that many of the, operators of our equip-
ment are using same in field work, we tender this report wi th':the sincere
desire that it will be of help to some.

Respectfully submitted~

ÆTHERFORCE
 b

/
tt""--
1\
\
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I '\ -~
/-,
I \ / I
I ' / I·
I ' / I

/ ~\ /// 1
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~-:~--
a

ÆTHERFORCE
 .~:;1;:..: : ..~
I .
,, • : • .
.,._,.~l'
~,_ ·~· 'JII+,.,
~:
'~
)--
""~'- . ~~

.•.
.
/
/
~~~~~~~-~:
f.;~~.·~~~~
/
/

/
/
; ~'-~~

/
/
/~
/
// 0 500 1000 ..1500 2000 ft
Vertical and horizontal scale ,.../ ... nf!:.::
•. ··-· it -~ -, ~
·C ~ .. ~-~ •
• ._.--
~...

---------------------------------------·-·---~---~
ÆTHERFORCE
 CRYSTPL. CA'v'CRNS, AND MII\ERPL CEPCEITS ARE CEJ\ERATED AND BUILT UP
11-E crMPCTERISTIC GEI\ERATIVE FORM IS CENDRITIC
I"ETPL LOCES RESEM8l..E ~IA

MII\ERPL CEPCEITS ARE VRIL RE~ IN SPECIFIC TEMPLATES a= ~IVITY

GEl\ERATI\iE TEMPLATES ARE SURI'U.NTED WITH OTI-ER VR IL TEMPLATE a:NTII\LJITIES

SLJRMl..NTED VRIL TEMPLATE PCTIVITIES RELEASE SURFACE VRIL DI~
_:. ~--"'··

ÆTHERFORCE
D-EMICCL C€TRITUS APPEARS AS CCI'1PCl.NOS CF PROJECTED ~TTER
a-EM I CPL. RE..CCTIO\S ARE EIDETIC
D-EMICCL CETR ITUS a:NTAII\S VISCERO-EI CETIC C01PLEXES

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 II\ERTIPL. SPECIES ARE VR IL-cAUSE SPECIFIC

II\ERTIAL SPECIES DIFFRACT EICETIC VRIL CAUSATIVE PROJECTIO\S

PROJECTICJ\JS CO\ITIJ\l.E TO INTENSIFY AND FLEE II\ERTIPL CETRin.JS

MATER I~ FR ICTI0\5 PROCLCE II\ERT IPL CO\CENTRATIO\IS "'-HICH SPEC IF I CPU.Y

ÆTHERFORCE
 GRO...ND ~IVES ARE VRIL GEJ\ERATED ~TERIPLS
CEPOSITS, LOCES, CAVERNS, AND ~TITE CRYSTPLS ARE CENDRITIC IN FORM
GRCLND ~IVES ARE VRIL PROJECTED lf..ORLDS IMPPCTII\G II'£RTIPL SPACE
SENTIENT CCNSCID..JS\ESS IS ENDRPW'J INTO GRO...ND-CEEP PROJECT leN SITES
If\ERTIPL DISSCLUT IO\JS ARE SEVERE PLCJ\E SPECIFIC AXES
EI CETO-PROJECT I'£ 0 I~RGES GUICE VRIL SENSITIVES IN SPPCEWARO DIRECT IO\JS
VRIL PROJECTED ~TERIPLS CD\ITIN...E TO EE t:£1\ERATED EX NIHILO
VRIL INcu::ED PRESSURES Fa...O AND INTEJ\SIFY ~TERIPL INTERACTI0\5

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.................,_

ÆTHERFORCE
VRIL CRYSTPLLCERAA·HC GRO...ND AXES IETERMII\E VIR-ruct... EICETIC STRLCTURES
VIRTLA. STRL.CTURES COII\CIC€ WITH GEO...CEI~ AXES CF STREI\GTH
FPU_TLII\ES a:LLAPSE VR IL VIRTLJ.CL STRL.CTURES

ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
 ---·····-~.--• ._ .......... ~·- -

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INTUITIVE TRIBES PORTRAYED AND REPRESENTED VRIL VIRTl.JtCt... FORM3 CF TrE REGICN
SD-f EXACT RESEMSL.PN:ES WITH VRIL VI~TUA.. FORMS ARE STRIKII\G

TRIBES OVER-RELIED UPO\I I"ETPFORMS

TRIBES DID NJT JB,£LOP SUBSTAI\ITIPL TED-N:l..CEY

ÆTHERFORCE
 • •, •• ---I ·~ •
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BTRATIFIC'ATICN CF EXPERIEf'.i:l:: IS A SPECIFIC VRIL TEtfl..ATE

t-OR I ZCNT~ IT IES fYUTl.A..L V Sl.FFLEE AI\JD INTERPERI"'EA TE
SENT lENT EX PER IEN:E DH:EERI\6 TI-E PATTERN IF HJR I ZO\ITPL IT IEB
VRIL DISCHARGES WIND THRCl.EH TI-ESE HJRIZGJTPLITIES
VR IL DISCHARGE POINTS, l\DIES, AND Jl.J\ClURES ARE DISCLRf\ED VlA VISCERO-EI lET I CS
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ÆTHERFORCE
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_..... .... ·~.'" -~ ~ 3111t W!i:l!:i: 1s •;'ll'iVti:ilibi/oj#'"'C: ~ ~~ '0 t( .'" 'f:;. '· ,_-; I I /J' ~~
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ÆTHERFORCE
 .. -
~ruRPL GEO..CEI~ STRLCTIJRES REVEPL VRIL GEI\ERATIVE FORMS
RCCK RILLES, HILLS, AND l'1:l.J\ITAII\S
V~S, RIFTS, SCARPS, AND PEPKS
CAVERI\S, LOCES, CEPCE ITS
VRIL IS REVEPLED A GEJ\ERATIVE CALSE AND PCTIVE PCCN:.Y CF ~

GRO..ND ~S ARE EICETIC VRIL GEJ\ERATED PROJECTIO\JS

ÆTHERFORCE
 TELEPHQ:-.;E CABLE
This lead tube 2% inches in diameter contains J,6J6 in-
sulated wires. Cables have removed pole lines from main
thoroughfares of large cities and reduced the size of poles
where poles are still used.

THE BURIAL OF THESE COMPONENTS GAVE STRONG EVIDENCE THAT VRIL GROUND
DENSIFICATIONS WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MEk~INGS WHICH JOIN CODE
TO COMPOSE COMMUNICATIONS

ÆTHERFORCE
TELEGRAPHIC STATICt-lS A'\JO EXC'r-lA\JC-£3 ARE FLCOCE!J Ii'J \.;RIL NC:Lf"El\JOUS PRES5'\CE
NIGHT TEi..EGRAPH I C SER'v ICE wAS ESPECIALLY ?OTENT IN VR I L TF\'ANSACT I 'vI TY

NIGHT OPERATORS '-'£?E !=;:;:CNE TO EXCE3SP·tE EIDETIC ~ECEPTICNS

IT WAS OUR I NG n-E NI Gr-iT SE::::\.J ICE PER I 00 THAT OPE~ATORS REPORTED
''SIGNALS WITH GREATEST CLARITY''.

SUCH EXPRE=SIONS DID NOT REFER TO CODED TRA\SFER2 ONLY •••

EIDETIC TRANSACTION ?RCv':DED COI"lPELL.II'jG GF.GANISi'liC DESIRES
OPERATORS WERE DEVOTED TO TI-E PURSUII OF NIGHT-cOI"W"1UNICATIGNS
ACROSS GREAT

ÆTHERFORCE
: "»~ ~ • ..,.:.,. •
. ' '.· .•· \.

ÆTHERFORCE
 SECTION
5

SUBTERRANEAN
.
HALLS
. •·

________ _ .
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
ÆTHERFORCE
(No Model.) . I
H. C. SPALDING .
COMPOUND ELECTRICAL CABLE.
No. 327,459. Patented Sept. 29, 1885.

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INVENTOR
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ÆTHERFORCE
 UNITED STATES PATENT 0FFICEo
---------
IIESRY C. SP..:\.LDIXG, OF BOSTON, l\IA.SSACHUSETTS.

COMPOUND ELECTRICAL CABLE.

SPECIFICATION fcrming part of Letters Patent No. 327,459, dated September 29, 1885.
.Applicatloa filed Mnr 15, 1884. (No model.)

·.2'b all whom, it may concern: · s~turated wit.h paraffine and wound on or in a so
.. De it known that I, HENRY C. SPALDING, a v1scons \'armsh composed of a compound or
cltizen of the United States, and a reAiflent of resin and a vegetable oil.
]loston in tile county of Snffolk and State of Tomoreptuticulal'lydescribe theinveution,
)Jas..qacimsetts, Jaayc invented certain new and reference is made to the accompanying draw-
. useful Impro\·ements in Compound Electrical ings, in which- 55
.. :..:.·· Cables of which the following is a Rpecifica- ~.,igures 1, 2, and 3 are ct·oss-Rectional ,·iews
~/i:' tlon ~terence bei ug hnd to the d l'a\l'ings ac- of compound cables constructed in accordance
~~:,companying and forming a part of the same. with my invention aml containing different
~j 0 · )Jy present itn·entiou relates to compound numbers of \Yires. Fig. 4 is a cross-section of
~iit! cables in which the conductors are arranged a cable drawn on a larger scale. 6o
t:{ Jo pairs to form complete or two-wire cir- A B designate the wires of a circuit. Each
{'_~:· eoits, and each pair or circuit protected from is insulated, anti the two are laid sicle by side
t::. the electrical imlucth·e influence of the others
··~. ~5 and the electri~ity ~f the earth. . .
without being twiste<l. The insulating-cover-
in g. is .coated with a vi.scous varnish, upo.n
t~~.;,/. I JmYe descrtbed m other npphcatwns filed which IS wound asheatllmg of paper, a. This 65
7r · by me cables of this character, in which the is varnished and incased in a sheathing of
·.: .~ protection against indnctiye iutluences is se- metal foil, b, which in its turn is varnished
'-:·; cured by snrronmliug each circuit by an insu- aud wrapped with paper c. Each pair of con-
~20 lntcd metallic sheath or casing, and by sur- doctors is treated in a similar manuer. 'Vheu
~·;;:·,roondiug the group or assemblage of such a given number of these protected circuits are 70
~~:;:,· t;ircuits by one or mot·c insnlatec.l sheaths, and to be combine(l in one ca.ble, a portion of the
~~~1na no\'cl method of assembling the comluctors e:Jiptical cables are Juid upon one n.nother in
~..:~ · or these cables my present iuveutiou mainly line, nod t.he renminder are placed on each sic.le
:: ~5 ~nsists. of t·he pile at varyiug angles, as indicated iu
~//~·: ln carrl:ing ont. my invention I Jay two in- the several figures. '!'he group istheu inclosed 75
).~·~¥'~1alated "'Ires side by side, null then, lmving hy insulating and protective coatings. I have
·r.•-~'~-··cooted them with a. suitable varnisl•, wind indicated in J.t.,ig. 4 a Co\·ering which I use,
~:7a.,round .them a str·ip of paper which is satu- and which is applied in the manner described
~~~~.rated WJlh parafli.ne. Another coating of vnr- in various other applications filed by me.
~~~JIIala fs. ther_a ~ppllcd, and upon this a Mtrip of '!'his co\•et·ing is composed of the following 8o
~~.c..JDetalhc fotl1s wouml. 'l'h is also is v:unishe<l layers, sheathings, and coats: cl, fibrous ma-
:~~. and co,·ercd Ly a spirnlly-wo.n~tl strip of pa- tet·ial satu~·at.e~ with pm·atliue; e,. varnish; f,
W-i.r.~;pc~. Th~ c~lJie thns formet.lJSin cross-section metal, as tm-f01l; g, fibrous mnterml satnmted
~l.~.~- nearly elhpttcal, so that when a nmnber of with paraffine; h, varnish; i, metal; k, fibrous
. ~j~t·:thean are gr:ouped together in a compouucl material; l, varnish; m., metal; n, fibrous ma· 85
~ ;t:';;.:,.tablo a spccml arrangement is necessary in terial; o, a layer of a viscous bituminous com-
~;.:. onlcr to form an approximately-round bundle pound· p a servinrr of spirally-wouuc.l twine·1
r-::· ADd brh~g the grcatl·st number into the small- q, a ja~k~t or arm;r.
J;~ .est EOFStlJlc space. The fibrous material which I use is prefer-
T
:~L:~/to J? nrt~l~J~ement which I ha\·~ ~dopted is
~···~· · a, a gn en number of the elhpt1cal cables
ably l\Ianil~1. paper; tl!e v-arnish a com- go

· ;:o
pound of bmleu hnseeu-oil and crude turpen-
t~i:;
~;· ae:ks)P:tn the othet·, with their major axes
t ' ~n·~. tl~e.n .to lay on each side of, t.his
:':~~ ~Uh'{!~ae t 1~m.u.nlllg cables of the number
tine, though I may use tnrpenl ine in any
retluced. condition, or even .resin, .if care ~e
taken t,o mcrease the proportwu of lmseed-011,
~ \ out the L~ ':li'Y 1 ~ 1 ;.; angles, in order to round a~ the resi!1ous matter is more S?lid. Oth~r 95
.~;·-.;:~. inclosed i:ud~.e·.. llw cable~ thus &'r~mped are 01ls than hnseed may be used with the resin
...... ~-·.' / IDaterlal 1 \ alllOtiS sheatlungs of Insulating to render the compound I>f.rmanently, but ...... ......
'111111111

~ ..... ~.~-~''··· ~ am metal, the former being pn.pm· vci'Y slightly, viscous. ..... .....

ÆTHERFORCE
rm ~
~
~
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·~
~.• No. 50.314.
W. P. PIGGOTT.
Telegraph Cable.
2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

Patented Oct. 3, 1865.

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ÆTHERFORCE
 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.
W. P. PIGGOTI. T~
Telegraph CabJe.
No. 50,314. Patented Oct. 3, 1865•
.
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ÆTHERFORCE
 Jj:.-----.-r-·_s_]__f_-·____________________~------------------------~

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

'\YILLIAli PETE-R PIGGOTT, OF LONDON, E~GLA.ND.

IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPH·CABLES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 30,31-J, dated October 3, 1.~65.

!l'o all wl&o-1n it may co11cern: face, by which meaus such cable or wire or
';:'~:~·Be it known that I, WILLU.X PETEB PIG· wires will be kept in a constant static condi-
~;.·aorr,ofArgylStreet,(RegentStreet,)London, tion, and consequently will require but very
· invented Improvements in Electric Tele- small power for the production of tbe required
~ttni•iJh ·Cables and in Transmitting Signals force. According to one mode of carrying out
P.~me~t:hr.:>u~~h; and I do hereby declare that tbe invention, I employ varions elements antl
rnrrn~rtng is a full,.c1ear, and e~act descrip- combinations of elements for the production of
the same. voltaic currents, and these may be varied ac-
invention has for its object impro\"e- cording to the circumstances. In this mode of
in the mode of obtaining or generating cnnstrnctin g a cable capable of generating cor-
currents, iu combinatioa witb tete- rents of electricity and of eift!ctin g re\"erse cur-
or wires. rents when required, I propose to make a cop-
hitherto been the practice to generate per or other wire circuit in the cable, plac-
~~Iec1tric currents required for sa bmarine ca- ing the instrument or galvanometer in snch
means of a battery or magnetic appa- cireuit at the distant station, this wire or cir-
the sencling end, tbe galvanic or mag- cuit to be partially insulated and each half of
t evolved being of sufficient force tbe circuit to be separate one from the otber
])rOdlllCe its e1fect on an instrument at the and from metallic contact with each other, and
. 'end of tbe cable or receiving. station. worked into a strand or strands of hemp satu-
·currents of electricity or magnetism, as rated with a solation of tbe chlorides of one of
known, in their passage tbroogh the the foUowingsalts, videlicit: calcium, lithium,
.......·--"·"- within- it a resistance which in- or magnesium, or any other deliquescent salt,
according to certain ratio between the and afterward passed through po\vdered lime
and force. Thus, however well a ca- or gypsum. The cable so far constructed may
may preserve its insulation for a then bave a col'"ering of a metal wire or wires
·~·· ----... ce, \Vhen the~lectrit charge has to of a different electric property or condition
t~lirDlellttet1, in order to reach a station more from that of which the metal circuit is made,
..the resistance consequent upon this.in- . producing in this manner a static condition of
_of the force produces a leakage, and such cable. The outer wires may be covered
·sooner or later the failure of the cur· with hemp or jute thoroughly tarred or other-
arrive at the distant station. wise coated with any partially -insolating ma-
first part of this invention relates to terial. Now this cable is capable of producing
"'"'"""'p.-~..-,"""- novel constructions and arran gem en ts its effect&ata distant station by bringing either
~!J.!l .•~tric telegraph-cable and apparatus cou- end of the wire circuit in contact by means of
erewith, whereby facility is afforded a commutator with the other elements of the
!J:ttlat:in.r use of the induced electricity of the cable, and which may be either the wire cover-
for sending either single messages ing or the core of the cable, such cable being
,_.,..__ ~,.. a awection or any number of messages in at all times in a static condition. A battery of
-~~jJ~lte directions at the same time, accord· small power (and which I prefer to be an in·
number of circuits contained in the sulated one) having the inner circuit of theca-
ble in connection with one pole of it, and tbe
otber pole of the battery being made to make
and break contact with the other element of
the cable, signals will be transmitted through
it from end to end.
Another mode of carrying out this part of
my invention is by means of a single line-wire,
and this I term my" ganglionic cable;" and it
differs from the previous arrangements; inas-
much as, instead of making the whole length
~f the cable a generator, I form it in gangliona,

~
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ÆTHERFORCE
 • ~_J .. ' " '-· - • - _ _ ...__ ... - •• - •

"WWS72

,. T or a series of nodules analogous to ner,•oos ti~n.s, whereby I am ena~led by the induced elec. ~
centers, which act as generators from one to trimtyof the cable and 1tsearth-plates to trana- ·~
the other along the whole line of cable and at mit a message in one or other direction at will•. ~
such distances as will keet> the line statically a is a copper wire, and b a galvanized-iron wire, ·~
charged. In this case I bring the·ends of my which may either be the core or the outer cover- .---;
cable to earth-plates, asi n the ordinary method. ing, or, if preferred, the iron and copperwirea .,
I use a wire coated with any insulating mate- may be laid in one spiral or strand, but insolated
rial and afterward worked into a hempen ca- from each other in the usual or other manner
ble, which may be coated with iron or in any bat not necessarily what is generally employ;!
of the ordinary ways ; but I do not require for electrical insulation, from the fact of the
the same insulation, as when the current of cable not requiring battery-power to 9vercome
electricity is forced by a powerful battery, as the inductive resistance thereof. One end of
has hitherto been the case. In this cable the the copper wire is connected to the receiri11 g-
static charge requires but l"'ery alight power instrument c,which instrument is in direct con-
to give it the force requisite for telegraphic nection with the earth by the earth-plate ti. of
purposes. Farther, 1 can combine any num- the same electrical denomination as the wire a.
ber of wires and generators in the same cable, The iron wire b is also in direct communication
so as to be able to send several messages and at each end with earth bs the earth-plates e f',
in each direction at one and the same time. of the same electrical denomination. In order
My generators are constructed either cylin- to transmit a message, it is simply necessary to
drical or of any other convenient form. They bring the two wires a and b in contact with
are composed of two or more plates of dissim- each other at the sending end, when the dis-
ilar metal, separated by a compost formed of turbance of the induced electricity thereby pro-
chalk or gypsum'or other calcareous earth, well duced will cause the necessary dedection of the
ground, with a solution of one or more of the receiT'ing-instrument or galvanometer o. lo
chlorine salts, either used separately or com- sending messages the copper wire at the send-
bined, and inclosed in a partially or wholly ing end must be for the time being detached
insulated case, which may be made of bitumin- from the receiving-instrument, bot connected
ized paper, gutta-percha, india-rubber, stone- with the receiving-instrument at the opposite
ware, glass, or metal, the inside of which may end, which I have shown in dotted lines in
be lined with some insolating material. Fig. 1. ·
According to another method I construct a Fig. 2 represents a diagram of a rnore perf~t
cable with not less than two wires of opposite arrangement, whereby messages can be re-
electrical properties if messages are required ceived and sent simultaneously. In this ar-
to be sent in one direction only at one time ; rangement! employ not less than three wires-
but if it be desired to send two or more mes- namely, two copper wires, a a', and ontl iron
sages in the same or in opposite directions at wire, b, or one copper and two iron wires, all
one time, I employ as many copper or other insulated from each other. Any number of
wires of the same ~lectrical property as may wires may be used, according to the number of
be necessary. circuits required. To one end of the copper
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, represents one form of cable wires a is connected a galvanometer or other
in section, showing how it generates through its suitable recording-instrument, c, which is in
whole length. The red lines (marked A) show connection with earth by a negative plate, d,
the metallic circuit. The blue liues (marked or plate of the same electrical denomination as
B) is the opposite metal, and which I prefer the wire. The opposite end of the other copper
to be of tinned iron or galvanized iron, and wire, a/ ,is similarly connected to a galvanometer
may be either internal or external to that or other suitable recording· instrument, c',
marked A. The !pace between the lines A which is also in connection with earth by a
and B will be of hemp, saturated, as before plate, d', of the same electrical denomination
mentioned. The black lines (marked D) rep- as the wire a/. The iron wire b is connected at
resent the outer covering of hemp or jute com- each end with earth by a plate, e e', of the
bined with tar or any other partially-insulat- same or a similar electrical denomination as
ing substance. the wire. A cable of this construction will at
Fig. 2 shows a cable with its generators sub- all times be filled with indnced electricity, or
merged. A A, generators on the line-wire, be statically charged like the Leyden jar1 and
marked B B; C C, earth-plates; D D, galvan- it is the disturbance of this charge whicn, by
ometer; E, battery. operating upon the instrument at the distant
Fig. 3 shows a longitndinal section of a sim- end, produces the desired signals. This dis·
ple generator. A A, the negative cylinder or turbance is effected by simply bringing by
plate; B B, the positive cylinder or plate, each means of a commutator, the opposite wires or
with its continuous wire for connecting with elementa of the cable into contact with each
the cable; C C C C, the compost; D, the ooter other at the points//'.
~ .A covering, which may be hermetically sealed.
Fig. 1, Sheet 2, of the drawings represents
Old or damaged cables which have been in-
tended to be worked by battery· power, but
a diagram of my simplest form of cable, com- which havo become useless by reason of defeet-
I>osed of two wires only of opposi~ denomina- iYe insulation, may be readily worked by my
. . . \

llJ 1; act a AWOl au 2. .! SU$5.0 . 12.4 .&A.JUJS.

ÆTHERFORCE
tt:--
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$0,31~ 3
-~~,-~. . .
£•1atem. of ~he induced electricity, since perfect I construct my generators, and which are
f:jualauon IS notactnallynecessary. The power equally capable of being used either on land
~-quantity of the indoced electricity in the or submerged in sea or other water for tele-
~,iaJ)fe may be increased to any desired extent graphs, and which may be ased for other par-
~.bJ increasing the size of the earth- plates be- poses.
~: fore referred to; bat should there be no con- 2. The application and use to and in the
{tiDaity of iron in the cable, then I propose to transmission of electric signals of staticaUy.
~-produce the inductive state of the cable by in- charged cables constructed and worked in the
;boclacing at oue or more parts of the cable manner hereinbefore described.
:;-tile ganglions, before described, consisting of 3. The combination, in an electric cable, of
~'poaitive and negative elements, each in con- two wires or series of wires of opposite elec-
~Dection with the conducting-wire, but insulated trical denomination, one ofsacb wires or series
.~..from each other, each ganglion forming in itself of wires being connected with earth at each
{aamall battelj" of jnst sufficient power to keep end by corresponding earth-plates, while the
~ cable charged. other wire or series of wires is connected to a
is obvious that cables i"n the condition galvanometer or receiving-instrument which
~- 1
..._ _ _ described may be made to transmit sig- is itself connected with earth by a correspond-
by the means described in reference to ing earth-plate.
1, the iron covering of the cable answer- 4. The combination, in an electric cable, of
purpose of the wire band being simi- two or more wires or wire strands, of one elec-
.................. ....,,YW"ected with earth, while the conduct- trical denomination connected through a gal-
copper wire will serTe the purpose of vanometer or receiving-instrument with earth
.w.:·wi,.. a and be similarly connected with a and of a wire core or covering of opposite elec·
Dlll'nnsr-u~st1rnment and with earth. trical denomination in permanent connection
cnHt~s, wbere necessary-as, for e:c- with earth at each end, as hereinbefore de·
in rocky or stony groand-I propose to scribed.
the earth-plates in a compost of earth 5. The application of my ganglions to old or
Maht:ed. with diliquesceat salts-sach, for ex- damaged cables of the ordinary construction,
chlorine salts or sea-water-the ob- for the purpose of working the same by the
~----··... g to increase the inductive action at aid of indaced electricity, in the manner here-
M.ldiOJl'e ends of the cable; or, if preferred, the inbefore described.
~~·---·"'"'"may be produced by making the in- In teatimonywhereofihavesigned my name
m of the shore ends of the cable to this speciJicatiGo in the presence of two sob-
scribing witnesses.
WILLIAM PETER PIGGOTT.
od of giving a static charge to a Witnesses:
the means by which this is accom- ELEX D..lVIES,
as is set forth, and the manner in which I. E. JACKSON.

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ÆTHERFORCE
 S. T. FIELD.
Telegraph Cable.
No. 53,430. Patented March 27, t866J

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ÆTHERFORCE
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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL T. FIELD, 0 F ST. LOUIS, lriiS SOUR I.

IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPH-CABLES.

SpecUicatiou forming part of Letters Patent No. 33,.J30, dated lf'a.rch 21, 1~.

The superiority in my cable O\'er others is

known that I, SA.ll'UEL T. FIELD, of the yielding properties of B. In cases of
of St. Louis, county of 8t. Louis, and storms, when the sustaining-posts are thrown
Missouri, ha\'"e invented a ne\V and down, the cable, on account of its peculiar
eutiu ElasticCables,ofwhich 1 structure, readily accommodates itself to a
IJOtrtnrso is a full and clear description, new position.
ngbafl to the accompanyingdraw-~ In the submarine cable shown iu Fig. 3 the
part of this specification. elastic cable is sheathetl in a non-conducting
avetntJton relates to au ela.~tic cord apou , and yielding cover, D, imper,·ious to water.
helicoidally onP. or more m~di-· It conforms to the inequalities of the surface,
llf..~ele•~triic conduction. and is consequently less liable to rupture tbau
1 is a plan of my impro\'"etl cable the ordinary cable. ·
to ¥ertical posts, a~ is u~ua.l iu o,·er- Ha.,·mg fully d~scribetl roy improved cable
Fig. 2 is an ele,·ation of the o\·er- aml sho"·n its acl \"antages, I make the follo\\·-
Fig. 3 is an elevation of a sub-, ing claim:
with an insulating covering. The elastic cable compo8ed of parts ..1. and
I
ts a cylindrical elastic cord, which B, combinetl with the non· conducting and
core of the cable. lt may be of rob- yielding co\'"er D.
the most tlarable elastio substance
. About this yielding coni is wound SA.liUEL T. FIELD.
one or more conducting-wires, B. Witnesses:
is secured to the posts C and 0', RoBERT liooRE,
the ground in the nsnal manner. R. N. CARTER.

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ÆTHERFORCE
jti. ~ ~
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G. B. SIMPSON.
~

~· Insulating Submarine Cable.

·~
No. 65,019. Patented May 21, 1867.

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~---------------:ÆTHEw.
RFORCE
 ~~======~~====~·~

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE B. SI:liPSOX, OF W ...-\.SHIXGTO:s', DISTRICT OF COL UJIBI.A.

IMPROVEMENT IN INSULATING SUBMARINE CABLES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent Yo. 63,019, datetll!ay 21, 1S67.
--.

·t::; XoBeallit wham it may conce>"n.:

known that I, GEORGE B. SurPSoY,
I marine telegraph-cable, 1le:tible and conven·
ient, which may be suspended on poles in the
r.~. of Washington city, in the District of Colum· air, or submerged in water and in the earth •
.'?:,: ~ bia, have invented a new and nseful Improve· 1 This mode of combination and insulation con·
-~--~·ment in Electrical Conductors for Telegrnphic .fines the electric current to the wire, wires, or
.~'~-·Purposes; and I do hereby declare that the l other conductors of electricity, shielding it
_.;··following is a full~ cle::'r, and e::ract description f and them _from cont~t with any a~d.all exter-
' ·· thereof, reference bemg had to the accompa· 1 nal electric, gal vamc, or magnnet1c 1nduences
:;· nying dr.1wing, making part of this specifica- · whatsoe\·er, thus attaining a great triumph in
·~. tion. art-namely, the absolute control of electric
~:--_ To enable others to make and use my snb- a.nd galvanic currents tor atmospheric and
--:5.~:.marine telegraph· cable, I will describe its submarine telegraph communication, and for
·!:~)nann facture thus: I dissoll"e gutta- percha other electric, galvanic, anti magnetic uses.
,?~~:.with chloroform, or any other known solvent. (See drawing.)
~;:, ·1 soften gutta-percha in boiling water~ steam, What I claim as my invention, and desire
-~~-:-or dry heat. I combine gutta-percha with to secure by Letters Patent of the United
·~f~:metallic wire by means of a brash, or by im- I States, is-
·:~/ mersing the wire in the solution when in the l The combination of gntta-perchaand metal·
;>··solvent state. I combine gutta- percha and ; lie wire in such form as to incase a wire or
:··.. metallic wire with the fingers, or any machine I wires, or other conductors of electricitywith-
i£~hich may facilitate the operation, and e::re- 1 in the cou-conductingsnbstance, gntta-percha,
;_;:. cute the work more perfectly by pressing the making a submarine telegraph-cable, at once
~gum npon and around the wire, or by spin-! de:dble and convenient, which may be sus-
~t~~~ing it. out, when in the plastic state, into pended on poles in the air or submerged in·
ti ~!Jin and ribbon-like strips, and twining it on 1. water anti in the earth to any extent for at-
~~~· them tightly and continuously around the I mospheric and submarine telegraph commu-
j-.:~ wire, thus combining the gutta-percha and I nication, and tor other electric, galvanic, and
;":_.~-"~etallic wire and insulating the wire to any 1 magnetic uses, as hereinbetore described.
:~i:-. extent. By this motle of combination I cover 1 '\:-ashington, D. C., l\-Iay 1, 1866.
:.::.:~:the wire on all sides with a uniform coating I GEO B SDIPSON
::_.. of gutta-percha, of any desired thickness, for : · · ... •
:,.·the purpose of securing a conductor of elec- I 'Vitnesses:
tricity within the non-conducting substance, I J. F. CALL.1X,
·.. gutta-percha, which combination forms a sub- I JI. P. CALLAN.

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ÆTHERFORCE
 (No Jl ode!.)
~T-·
W. W. JACQUES.
E1e ct·r i o Ca b Ie and Con duo tor.
No. 242,651. Patented June 7, 1881.

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ÆTHERFORCE
 UNITED STATES PATENT 0FFJCEo

\VILLllM W. JACQUES, OF BOSTON, MASSA-CHUSETTS.

ELECTRIC CABLE AND CONDUCTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part ot Letters Patent No. 242,6l51, dated ~une 7, 1881.
Applicatioa died April !!5, 1881. (No model.)
~
To all w/wJn it naay concern: saitable protecti\"e covering, as in Fig. 3.
Be it known that I, WILLU.ll W. JACQUES, When a signal is made and the s~naliog--cor­
of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State rent begins to tlow and ceases to fiow, or in-
of Massachusetts, have iu,·ent~d certain Im- creases and diminishes in theconductora,elec- 55
s pro,·ernents in ElectricCablesandConductors, trical changes are produced in the ..sheath c.
of which the tollowing is a spfcification. For e:tample, the potential is raised at the
My inYention relates to improt>tttneuts in pointe, and this gh·es rise to a current whicb
el .. ctrical conductors~ aud its object is to ena- tlows around the circuit formed by the envel-
.,: ble neighboring conductors to be usttd at the ope c, the ground-wire e,- the earth, another 6o
:: ro same time for electrical signal~ without se- ground-wire, d or f, and back to the envelope,
· rions disturbance from one another. and thus the electt·ical equilibrium of tbe eo-
When t\l"o or more conductors of electricity t>elope is restored. In order that this opera-
are placed near together, as in a cable or other· tion 10ay procettd with ease and efficiency, it is
wis~, every signal transmitted o\·erone by the essential that tbecircuitoverwhich thiseqoat- 6s
· 1 s ,·ariatiousof the electrical current will protlnce ing current flows shaii be of small total resist- -
in the othc•rs corresponding currents, which ance, and in practice it is found desirable to
more or less disturb and interfere with the use obtain th~s small resistance by connecting the
of the others for separate and clistinct signals, conducting-envelope to the ground, with short
_ e\·eu when fachcoruluctoris so perfectly insn- inter,·als of space between the connections· a 70
:· 2o lated that absolutely no electricity JUi&~es from ef-forexample, of from one hundred to three
·- one to another. In the use of sncb conductors I hundred feet.
forany,·ery(lelicateinstrumentrequiringr-.lpid A conve~ient w~y of frequently grounding
changes of the current-such, for e~awple, as the conducting-envelope and of diminishing
a telephone-thisdisturbnncP. becomes a source the resistance of the equating or compensating 75
25 of serious annoyance and inconvenience, even circuit is described in Letters Patent granted
in cables of motlerate length, for socb instru- to Charles E. Chinnock, No. 224,579, bearing
Uleots, being of necessity made sutliciently sen- date of Febroary17,1880; but the conducting-
sith·e to be affected by the \ery minute cor- envelope c isveryclose to the conducting-wire
rents which operate upon them, are clearly a, and its intimate electrical connection with g,
30 so bject to be iufiuenced by ,-ery slight ester- the earth, or with any other infinitely large con-
nal or foreign corrP-nts. ductiog mass of matter, by frequent connect-
In Letters Patent granted to Dr.Alfred Fan- ing-wires, introduces the difficulty or retarda-
caot, May 18, A. D. 1869, No. 90,089, for im· tion or sluggishness of signals. When such a
pro\"ement in cables, is described one method conductor is used, grounded at such intervals Ss
JS for preventing this annoyance. as are found desirable to pre\"ent indnctil"e
Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings show one disturbances, the sluggishness thus caused will
conductor of a Fancaut cable, with its lateral in a few miles of cable so blur the rapid sig-
dimensions much Pnlargetl for convenience of nals upon which the operation of the speaking-
representation. telephone depends that the actual action at 90
4o The letter a represents the conductor; b, the the receiver becomes much enfeebled, and the
insulating material, such as gutta-percha, ke- signals are given indistinctly, or are rendered
ritt', or tiber of cotton or other substance im- altogether unintelligible.
pregnated with any suitable insulating com- The object of my invention is to remedy this
pound. evil. To that end, instead of grounding the 95
~ 45 cis an envelope or sheath of a conducting outer envelope by connecting the wires d ef
-..· material, conveniently made of metal foil, with to the ground, as in Fig. 17 I carry them to au
aratherfineCOI»Perwirewound spirally around insolated conducting-wire, g h, Fig.4. This is ·
. it. This conducting-envelope is connected to made of low resistanCta, and thus affords a cir-
~ ..A· the ground at suitable intervals, d ef, by the cuit of low resistance, while at the same time rog.,. -· ...-....,
.-.-.so conductors shown. Set'eral of these protected its inconsiderable size and capacity obviates ..._, ..-..,:
.~ conductors are made into a cable inclosed in a tbe difficulty of sluggishness doe to the con nee•
f ..-.

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ÆTHERFORCE
~~~~-.AJI--1-----IIIAVAJII~II
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2 ~ .. t.831

tion With tiJe great mass Of the earth, as sb~Hl'n

.
nected witb one and the same eqoatiDc':COi:
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in Fig-. t, and as heretofore practiced. doctor, and preferably would be, instead .:ot
I will describe one cable with which I have employing a separate one for each. -::Z.f.'i::.
obtained good results, both as regar(ls dis- What 1 claim ~s my int"ention is- .,. f:t:t' 40
S tiuctness oC articulation and freedom from 1. In an electncal cable or gronp ot elecbi~
inductive tlistnrbances and interfering sig- cal conductors, the e:l:ternal conductioc and
nals when the other wires in the same cable anti-induction surface, screen, mass, or eDVt'l-
\Vtare used telepbonicalJy, without, however, ·ope of the insulated signal-conducting wire
intending to confine myself to this special pro· or wires, iu combination with the eqaatiuc- ~
1o cess, form, or dimensions. conductor, insulated froru the earth and coo. 5
Fig. 4 represents one insulated contlactorof nected to said conducting-enl'"elope by means
this cable with its metallic conductor connect- of electrical connections place(l at intervals, a
ed at inter,·als to the equating-wire. In this and for the purposes set forth. _..::-;:·_
cable the conductor a used for the signaling 2. An electri".al cable or group or electric&l so
15 was a copper wire of No. 20 gage, covered with conductors comtisting of signal or main line
an insulating or non-conducting material, b, to conductors, each surroondetl by an iusulatiug
No. 10 gale. This was wrapped with metal co\·ering and incased in a conducting envel_ope. _
foil c, around which a copper wire or No. 30 ?rsheath connec:tetl atioterl'"als \Vith a~ eq·-:~~:- ·
gage was wound spirally. The wires d e f JUg·c?ndnctorof small ma~s and C.'lp:lclty,allbt::$5 :
20 wt-re copper wires of No. 20 gage and a few stantlally as set forth. <-~Jb-;;.... ~_
inches long, applied at intervals of one bon· . 3.. TI.Je ht'reinbe~ore-tlescribecl me!hodolqQ.:1:\
clred feet; The wires g '' ga\·e a resistance of \"latmg or pre\'"entmg both retanl;Ltton ao4,{i£~.
.03 ohms per hundred feet. tluctiou iu t-lectrical cables or conductors· b.f' _
In the case or an o\·erhead cable bong from connecting t heconducting·sheath sorrooUttiilc 6o
2 5 a sn~peoding-,vire, as is often practiced, it is the insulatecl signal-conductor in such cablet
oh,·ions that such suspending-wire, if prop- to an equating-wire or similar conductor at'-
erly insnlatetl, may be usetl for the equating- suitahlc intervals, substaotialh· ~\S set fortb/:-'
conductor g ''· The conductor g '"may also be In testimony whereof I have siguetl my naiae·-~~
~trarped to the extet·ior of the cable, and even to ~h~s spe~itication, in_ the prest'nce ?ftw~~-~tt:!:~s·
30 included in the same Jn·otectiug-euvelope, pro- scrtlnng "'Jtnt-sses, tlus !!Otb clay ot AprJI,:•::i.f.;}_
\"ided that it is suitably insolated from the con- D • ls,,Ql • .- ...':;1~- ~
-- ·~~:':~.i: ; . .
ducting eu,·elope c, e!tcept at the points desig- \VILLLA)l W. J....\CQUE~~t-~
nattad d e f; or the armor of a cable can be --~!.. f
used tor the equaling-conductor if insolated \Vitoes~es: :::~r_;:.~ f
35 from the earth. J. B. HENCK, Jr., ~~jJ!:. I
All the conducting-enl'"elopes may be con- T. D. LOCKWOOD. ":",~•.~:~~::
.:.:~~.!2~i:~··

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ÆTHERFORCE
 1~"%111~1
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No. 97,374.

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-1~111¥~~1 ------ IJV•~II~
ÆTHERFORCE
l~ll~·hll ~~~11~11
- ~atcnt
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l!OSES G. F .ARllER, OF 8.-\.LE)I, MASSACHUSETTS, AS~IG!i'OR TO THE A)IERICAY COM-
POUND TELEGRAPH-W'IRE COliP.A~Y, OF SE'V YORK CITY.

Letters Pntntt No. 97,374, dated Nor~mbtr 30, 1869.

-
DIPROVI:Mmf'l' lK StmJ4AltD'fE-TELEGRAPH C.ABLES.

fte Sola..t111e refened to iD thne Letten Pat:ellt: and· makiDC part of the •ame.

To alltt"l&on' it may cou«rn: 1' the usual jute cO\·ering; and, if desired, the usual
Be it known that I, liOSES G. F.-lRXER, ot' Salem, ar·mor-wires may be add~d.
in rhe county of Essex, and State of Massachusetts, j The condnctiug-material, instead of being applied,
lJave invented a uew and useful ImproYement in Sub- in the fonn of a ribbon, upon the strengthening-wires,
1
marine- Td~grnpb Cables; and I do hereby declare that 1 may, if desir~d, be other\Vise a1Tanged ; as, for exam-

tht>reor~ wllich will ~nable others skilled in the art to

I
rhc following is a full. clear, and ~~t description pie, the usual copper wires may be twisted in with
the strengthening-wires, and the whole then covered
make and use tlie S.'\me; re~reoce bt-ing had to th~ with the insulating-substance:
accompanying thmviogs, fonning part ut' this speciti- i Various othm· arrangements of the conducting-
cation! in which- I metals may lx.- eutpluyed without departing from ruy
Fi!!ttrt: 1 is a perspective ,;ew, nnu im·ention.
Figur~ !!, a cross-sectional t>lf!Yation of my impt·o,·~ J By the use of my impro,·ement, I produce a sub-
m~ut. marine-telegraph ca.ble baving the greatest <\ttainable
~imilar lettPI~ of rt-fereuce indicate corresponding · strength anti cont.lnctivity, with th~ least weight and
part~. smallest bulk.
The object of thi:i improvement is to provide a su~ I find, by actual e."(perimeot and calculation, that a
111arinf'-rel~graph cable Qfsimpler, cheaper, and stronger c.'\ble madt! on my plan, having superior relative
cuusu udion tlJan those at pr·esent used. • strengttl, and equat eondactivity to the preMn& deep.
In cousrmt•ting tbe ordinary submarine-telebrr:LPh sea Atlantic cnble, occupies only one-third of tbe bulk
c:1.bh::;, it iti common to place the conducting-wires, of the Atlantic cable.
whicll ar~ nsnally made of cop~r, and of small diam- The extraordinary strength and Iightnes.~ of my im-
eter. in th~ centre of tbe insulating-substance, around pr<h·ed cable greatly th.cilit:t.te .its n1anipulation, an1
which a seri~s of strong iron wires is wo,·en or secnred, the operation of deep-sea laying will be attended with
tor tue purpose of giving the necessary strength to the little oa; no difficulty.
C'.LIJI~. The strengtheuing-wires are then co\·ered with I do not limit or confine myself to the nse of any
tarrt!tl jute, or other sot't covel'ing, and over this., in specific numl.k!r of wires or metals, nor to the precW,
soW~:! cases, an additional covet;ing of strong wires, methuds of rrianufa.cture herein described.
known as armor-wires, is applied. In this method of Variou~ other m.-thods may be adopted by the
construction, the strengthening- wir~s~ by reason of skilled mN:hanic without departing from my inven-
t heir number and ne~ssarily large size, placed, as tion.
tht•y are, upon the exteJior of the insulating-substance, Having thus Jescrihed my in\"ention,
aJd great bulk to the cable, and renllt>r its mannfi1cturc I claim M new, aml desire to secure by ! ..etters
aud roauipulation not only expensin~, but difficult. Patent-
The nature of my inT'entiou consist.~ in combining 1. As an article of manufa.ctnre, an improved sub-
a strt!Dgthening-wire or wires witll the central electri- marine-t~legt-:llJh c.'l.blt', consisting of a strengthening-
cal conductor or conductorl'l, thus dispensing witll th~ cort', conductor, and insulator, ~;urroundt~d by a jute or
use of strt-ngthening-~·ires npon the exterior of tl1e hempen buoy, arranged, one npon the other, in the
iosulating-s;ubstance. order specitictl.
There are various n1~tlu>tls by whicll my iun~ntion 2. The m~thotl of constructing submarine-tt>legraph
may be p.rn.ctically can·i~tl nut, but th~ method whieh 1 cables, by ~·inding svimlly about a tenacious steel
I at prescut pret~r iii as tollows: strengthening-curt>, a ribbon of coppt:r, to form the
I pro\·ide one or more small sted wires of great te- electrical conductor, antl by snrrounding the compound
n:1city, B, eacll of which I co,·er with a ribbon or sh~et metallic wir~ thus tomaed with any suitable in:-&ulator,
of thin copp~r, C, laid spir-ally, or iu any other man- an'l this wirh some hnoyaut matl:!rial, all in the man-
IJer, upon tlJe str~ngth~ning-"·ire~ thu.R forming corn- ner specitit-tl.
pound wires. ll08ES G. F ARllER.
'l'lle copper· fonns the necessary electrical conductor. "'itncs:;es:
I tL~n co,·t:r the compound wires with th~ usual insu- I SA.RAfl J. F.\RllEK,
lating-substancf', .-\., aud upon tlli3, if ueeded, I place STELLA. E. HOWE.

-l~llr¥...~111--------IIJV&~II~
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ÆTHERFORCE
 '------ lli\.~11~1!
A. FOUCAUT.
Telegraph Cable.
-
No. 90,089. Patented May 18, 1869.

...Inuenl-o-.•

~3~1---
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-l~lll¥~~11----------IIJY•~lll~
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ÆTHERFORCE
 l~ll~.hlll-------·~~~~~~~
1

- l!t 1t itt' cl -
A L F R E D F 0 U C A U T, 0 F 0 R L E AN S, F R A ~ C E.
Letter~ Patent No. 90,089, dated May 18, 1869.

'l'he ScAeclale referntd to iA t.beM Lettua PateDt aacl ~ pal't of the aame.

To aU tul&om it may •:oncern: side of the gutta-percha, or composition, ur tin-foil, ur

Be it known that £, ALFRED ~""Ol"'C.A.UT, of the city cop~r wire.
ufOrleans, iu the E111pire ot' France, have in\·entcu a Figure 4, cotton tbrea.d.
u~w and useful Impro\"ement in Telegmphic Cables; Figw·e 5, Iiueu baud, saturntetl \Vith carlxmate of
auu I uo hereby uet·:are the following is ~" full, dear, lead, ur ceruse.
;Luu exact description thereof, refet-ence being had to , Figure 0, t&l.ITee rope.
the aecompauying drawing~, and to the .tigures ofreter- I Figw·e i, coating of coal-tar.
~nee marked thereo11. I Tbe uittt:rent colors are iutenued t.o represent the
'fo enable others :-killed in the art to make and ust- ! different mat-erials used, a.s above.
mv saiu invention, I ·.rill proceed to de.sctibe tL.e smne. i I am a wan~ tba .. a metallic coating, consisting of a.
"In making a cable of •)Ue or more t...'Onductors, I u~~, luu~tallic stlip, wound arouutl th~ insulatiug-matetial,
as conductors, .singlt: ~opper or other meta.llic wires, or i:; not n~w, but .said m~tallic strip has b~u us~d as .io
I twist several smaller wires together, torming one con- conductor of the main current.
Juctor of the proper size. This diff"~rs tron my inveutiun in that my mct4\llic
I cover ~ooh con.luctor \Vith a coa.tiug of gutt~ coating a.cts as a. conductor rbr the iuducetl curre:t&
~rcha, or, ini:itead ot the gutta.-percha, I torm a cow- alouc, a.ud is inteudcu to be ust...>tl when sevet-al ..:oil-
position of ceruse, or t m·bonare ot' lead, tiuely powder~u, •lucrors are grouped togdher, a.s :;hown in the draw-
and mi:ted with lith:u:;ed oil and sawdust to tile prJctper iugs, which i:; not tbe case in the invention al>uve re-
consisteucy. I tben t!O\"er the gutta-percba, m· com- t~rreu w.
po~ition already descxil>ed, with a. metallic couductiug- It is alsu ~m important tcature uf my ill';entiun that
coating. the l!ouduer()rs :-;hoJ,~ld be placed in connection with
! ~~ prcf.:m..Ul) " 1 ,J04i.iug of pi uUJ b~tgo, applied by til~ earth.
friction, or a. coating of tin-toil, or I \'\'l"Jrp a small cop- liy mt!thod of applying tbe metallic coating is be-
per wire, or otber metallic wire, in a. long spiral arouud lieved to totally dtstroy the ~tt't!l·ts of iuuuctiou, auu
the gutta-percha or composition. · i.s of great ettil'ieucy in increa~ing tbe traaswittiug-
3.ny conductor, properly applied, \rill answer the puwer of subwariue cables.
sawe purpose. I :am also aware of the patent granted w .\. I. B.
This metallic surf.'l.Ce or wire is connected witb tbe De llor-.tt, .January :!0, 18Ui, and tlioclaim the mUllu
ground at each end of the cable, or at any other poiilt of construction of cables a,., by I.Jiw desl'ribed in said
or points that may be required to carry oft; or properly patent.
ewploy a.nd control all intluced cutTents of dectricity. \VI.Jat I claim a.~ new, and desire to secure by Let-
Over this I wrap a cotton thread, completely cover- ters Patent, is-
ing tile gutt:a-perclm, or compositiou, and the outsitle 1. Tl..ac construction of a telehort·aphic cable, in tbe
conducting-su11ace, tormed tl8 above de:;cribed. wanuer and tor the purpose herein described.
I then saturate a. lint.>n baud with a mastic, com- 2. A.couuuctiug-surtaceioriuductiou~Ul·rents, when
posed of ceruse, or carbonate of lead, finely powdered, appli~d to th~ outoide of tb~ insulatiug-coatiug of t!ach
and mixed with litharged c':J to a proper consistency, group of conductors, iu the wauue1· and fur tile pur-
a.ud I wmp the linen banu _ '•reparcd around each pose herein describetl.
conductor already co ..·ered, as above desc.ribeu, cacil 3. A bautl, cowposeu of linen, or :Lua.logons ma.rt>-
turn of the baud lapping over the previous turn. riai, saturated with a cumpouuu of carl>oml.t..! uf lc;ttl,
Tile ditfereut conuuctur!S arc then hrought togctiler aml litilarged, ot· oth~r oil, wheu :uTaugeu in a rde-
aml wrapped witb tht: sarue baud, auu o\·er all i.s ~rrapi.Jic cablt"", iu the manner ;lutl ltH' the pllrj,.)osc
wrapp~d a tarred rope, of the thickness desired, which herein tlescriucd.
is co.,·ered with a coating of coal-taa·. 4. In a telegraphic cable, th~ con;o;truction l)f the
Cables for submarine use may be afterward armored, coatin6rs, torwed uf gutta-percua., or composition, tltc
a.s u:mal, with iron \fir~s, of a size suit&~ble to tbe lo- wetallic conducting-surthce, tl.at! cotruu thre:ul, the
cality anti the work wi.Jich they have to pertorw. band :mturate•l witlJ lll<a.:;tic, and the tarred rope, ar-
~"igure 1 is a longitudinal .sec~ion of my im·eutiou. ranged in the mauner auu tor the pur·pose •lescribeu.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same, shuwiug 5. A.s au iusulatiug-matcrial, u~ccl !u the constmc-
a group of wires contained witllin the c:Lble, eacu onl! tiou of tch:•graphic 4:able.s, tile curnpo-:itiun, compused
uf which may be constructed separately <tnd used tor of carbonate uf lead, or other .simil~Lr sub:;tauce, lith-
telegraphic purposes. argeu, or otiler· oil, sa we lust, or otht!r aualogouM tihrous
'l'L.e small figures in said dmwiug denote tile \'arious substance, in tile manue!· and tor tbc purpose herein
portions and materials used in the construction of' tile described.
cable, to wit: In \Vitness wbereof, I ha.,·e hereunto set my hanu,
thi:; 20th tlay of Vccemb~r, lSUS.

-I~IIW.~I
Figure 1 is the wire conductor.
Figure 2 represents gutta-percha., or a composition \Yitnes~es: UR. FOC'CAUT
of ceruse, or carbonate oi lead. · ,V. Haun·,
Figure 3, a metallic oonducting-surfa.ce on the out- S L. lliGOl:Y.

ÆTHERFORCE
 -------llll\TA:JII~ l
A. J. B. De MORAT.
Telegraph Cable.
-
No. 61.325. Patented Jan. 22, 1867.
i
:I
I Fcg ..z

~
-1~11~11---------IIJY•~II~I
-
ÆTHERFORCE
~~~~ThJ 11---------IIJATAJII;R
- -
ALEXANDER J. B. DE' MORA.T, OF ,PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLV..L~ll.
Lei:Url Pa.tmtNo. 61;3~5, dated Ja:n:fl4ry 22,1867.

IMPROVEKENT IH TELEGlW'HIC CABLES.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, ALEUBDE&JOBN BUTIS'l'B Ds·MoR.a:r, of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia,
State of Pennsylvania, have invented a neW' and .improved Telegraphic Cable; and I do hereby declare that the
following is a full ind exsct description thereof, reference being had· tcHhe accompanying drawings. and to the
letters of reference marked thereon.
The nature oi ·my invention consists in the construction of a telegraphic cable with one or more periecdy
unbroken continuous .tubes .or cylinders, made: by lielic:~.lly wound ·metallic stripa, insulated internally and
externally, and so constructed that. when strained or stretched, the conductive power of the cylinder remains
ur.imp:~.ired, and a.hraya· in a direct line and not spirat By means of cylinders or tubes, the number of con-
ductors in one cable may be increased indefinitely, without many of the objections th:~ot now exist in other cables
wllere more th:~.n one conductor is made and attempted to be used. To those. trying this cable, the advantages
are ~o rcaJily apparent that it is unnecess~r,y to enter into & discussion of them.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction.
I take one or more steel, iron, or copper, or other metallic wires. a.s at A, Figure 1, and wind ·closely aroand
this a strip or band oC copper, or other metal,. in a spiral mannor, as at B, fig. 1, and over the joints of this
spiral covering I wind another metallic strip in a similar manner, but carefally breaking the joints of the first.
as :~.t C, fig. 1. The whole ia then covered with thread, gutta percha, or oth~r insulating material, as at D, .fig.
1. If another cylinder is desired, I wind, closely and spirally, two more metallic strips. the second o-Tet' and
breaking the joints oi the first, in like manner as the first cylinder; a.s at E and E, Figure 2. and this again coated
with insulating material, as at F, fig. 2; and this process is continued until any de=sired number of cylinders is
att:~oined. Several small cables, like .fig. 1 or fig. 2, may· be bouad fi.rmly together !1-Dd insalated, and thus form
a doable or compound cable. The whole cable is then covered with jute or otherwise protected as in other cables.
What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
The construction of a telegr:~ophic cable, by means of insalated tubes or continuous cylinder or cylinders,
form~d of helically wound strips. in such m:~.nner as to preserve uninterrupted linear conduction in case of
stretching, as herein set forth,_or any other aubst:~ontially the s:~.me, and which wlll produce these intended eff'~cts.
ALEX.L'iDER JOHY BAPTISTE DE liORAT.
Witnesses:
I. NBWTON PEIRCE,
A. OSCAR JONES.

-
-l~llrrh'111---l----IIWJNIII~II
-
ÆTHERFORCE
 IIA¥JII~I
J. N. PHELPS.
-
Telegraph Cab~.
No. 59,318. Patented Oct. 30, 1866.

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-I~IJf~ll--------IIJYA~II~
-
ÆTHERFORCE
~lttA•hJII------11~~11~11
- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. -
JJ.:\£ES ~. PIIELPS, OF BROOKLYN, ~EW YORK, A.SSIGSOR TO lli:\ISELF
.A~D JOSEPH B~ILEY, OF THE SA:\IE PL...\CE.

IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPH-CABLES.

Spcciiicntion forming pnrt of Letters Patent Yo. 39.318. llntctl Oc:tobcr 30, lECili: :mtcthm•cl
October 16, le66.

To allzdwm it may concern: I also as tlle core around which the spiral me·
Be it known that I, J.i.llES N. PHELPS, of tallic conc.lnctor C is tightly wouuc.l. This
the city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings conductor C, I prefer to make of a thin tlnt
aml State of Xew York, hare inf'ented cer- ribbon of copper.
taiu new aUll useful Impro,·ements in Insu- D h~ thP outer slleatll, of illllia-rubber or
Jatec.l Electric Conductors for telegraphic or I1 other elastic insnlatiug material, applietl
other purposes; and I tlo hereby declare the . tightly outside of the core B and spiral me-
ti,llowiug to be a full, clear, and exact tlescrip- ~ tallic conductor C. This sheath may be pro-
t ion of tht~ same, reference being had to the ! tected by au armor of metallic wh·c or other
;lccompauying drawiug, forming part of this ; suitable material in cases in which ..;;uch pro-
:')'('citicatiou, said drawing representing a. : tectioU may be IIL>eessary or clesirable.
pieee of a telegrnph-cable constructed accord.- · ""hcu the cable thus con~tructetl is laitl the
iug- to my inn~ntion, with portions of the in- : ends of the e-lastic loose tube or core B and
;;.;nlatiug ma~erial rewo,·etl to expose the con- : outer sheath are to be firmly securetl; but the
,Juctors to new. : ends of the central conduetor A are to be
It has been desirable, more especially for wound on re~ls, to which springs are ntlplied -
!

submarine and other subaqueous tdegrnphs, ' in such manner as to permit rhe said con-
to ohtaiu insulated electric conductors which · ductor to be nuwouncl b,- au,- uuusu:1l s;traiu
'nmlcl he elastic or capable of ext(•nsion iu ' or tlra~ npou the cable! by ":ltieh the elastic
the tlireetion of tl1eir length without haYing ' core ant.l sheath arc stretched and caused to
t la·ir iusnlation impaired, ancl therefore not : slip lt.•ngth,-rise on the said conductor; aml
1
liable to be broken or injured l>y any lateral when the said ='train is remoYet.l the springs
tlrag or pre~snrc to which they might be sub- i will tlll'll back the reels, and so cause the wire
,iecr from any bucly passing O\"Cr autl in con- : to l>e wound up again as the ela:ostic cure ancl
tad with thl•m; uut, as fur as known to me, ' sheath resume or approach their normal con-
till ~omlnctor has hitherto been in,·ented ~ dition. In the stretch of the cable tlJe coil of
which has pos~essetl these essential requisites ; the spiral cow.luctor is elongatet.l in the t.lirec-
iu a suitable degree to render its use practi- tion of the lengtlJ of the cable, aml as the
c~ble. elastic core aud cu,·ering resume ut· approach
The ol~ject of this in,·entiun is to supply their normal condition by rca::;ou of their
the aboYe-meutioned want; and to this end it , elasticity tht>y contract the length of the coil
cnusist.s, first, in a conductiug- wire with a . of the spiral conductor.
louse tubular co,·eriug of iucJia.- rubber or : The spiral comluctor may be co,·eretl with
otlwr dastic insulating material; ami, sec- : a sheath of thin elastic insulating material,
oudly, in a metallic conductor of spiral for·m : and another siruihu· comlnctot· l>e appliecl out-
coiled arouml a cure of iuclia-rnbber or other , sicle of the saicl sheath, which torms ;\ core to
t.:la.st ic material ancl co,·erecl \"rith a sheath of the latter concluctor. 'l'his athlitional con-
~imil:.u· matel'ial; ancl, thirdly, iu the employ- · tluctor shoulcl be altio protcctccl by au outer
tm·nt~ iu a cable, of the spiral metallic con- shcath, or two or more coutlucrors may be
dnctor coill·t.l arouncl an elastic core, wllich coiled at suitable llistauces apart on one core.
abo com;titutes :.\ loose coYering to a central \Yhat I claim as my iu,·eution, and desire
ront.luctiug--wire. to seeure b,- Letters Patent. is-
In the caLle represented in the accompauy- The empioyruent, in a cabie, of one or more
iug- drawing the se\·eral features of my in- spiral metallic conductors, C, wouud around
Yeutiou are all illustrated. a core of intlia-rubber or elastic insulating
_\. is the central conductor, of simple cop- material, B, whicll constitutes a. loose insulat-
l'er or other wire. ing co,·eriug to a central conductor, A, sub-
.B is the tubular co'"ering, of india-rubber stantially as herein described.
or other _elas~ic insulating material, so ~ttell J -\.)IES s. PHELPS.
to the saul w1re as to be capable of longltud-
iual extension independently of the wire A, ~ritnesses :

-~~~~~~~ -
which is capable of extension. This tubular J. ,V, COO)IDS,
eon•1·iug of elastic insulating material ser\·es .-\.. LE CLI-:nc.

IJY•~II~
ÆTHERFORCE
I~IIIA~hjll----------1111\TAJII~I
- -
UNIT ED STATES pATENT OFFICE •
•
SA)IU'EL C. BISHOP, OF NEW YORK, Y. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE BISHOP
G UTT.A PERCH.!. CO~IP .i:YY, OF S.AliE PL.ACE.

IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR INSULATING TELEGRAPH-WIRES.

Specification forming p:art of Letters Patent Xo • .J8, 730, tlateu lfnrcll 7, le65.

'r,)all zrltoin it may concern: r get her either in solution or by heated rollers,
I
Be it known that I, SAllCEL C. BISHOP, of and the telegraph. wire is coated with it in
the city, county, and State of Sew York, ha\·c any desirable manner.
irn·entetl a new arul ImJ>ro\'"ed Composition for It will be obser\'"etl ti.Jat in both mixtures
Insulating Telegraph-""ircs; and I do hereby I gh·en alJO\·e the gutta-percha or india-rubber
,Ieclare ti.Jut the following i~ a fnll, clear, antl 1 aUll tmraffiue form the basis. In the first com-
exact description of the sam('. 1
position wheat-fiour and rosiu are mi~ed with
TIJe ohject of this invention is a curupo~ition 1 the same, and these ingredients are replacecl
wiJicb will ser\'"e to insulate telegraph. wire 1 in the second composition by tannate of gela-
rnnniug under ground, and particularly untler : tine formed by mi.:dug glue with catecbn or
water. autl to effect this purpose a composition ! any other material containing tannic acid, and
must ue used which is a.bsolutely iaupen·ions ' by wi.Jite oxide of zinc. Tllc tannate of gela-
to water, and \t"hich shall protect ti.Je \\'ire,e,·eu 1 tine is particularly intended to render the com-
if ti.Je same should ue immersed to a conshler- I position irnper,·ions to water; but this object
&ll>lc depth. I is also effected by mi~ing the gntta-percba or
Tile cow position consists of gnt.ta-pe1·cha. or I india.. rubber at11l paraffine \t'itb rosin and
iuclia-rnbber and paraffine mixed with rosin wheat-tiour.
!
aml wheat-Jlour; or, instead of these two latter 1 I claim as new ami tlesia·c to secure by Let·
in~redieuts, white oxide of zinc, catechu, and ters Patent- ·
gelatiue cr glue may bt! used. The proportion i .A composition for iusulatiugtelegraph-wire,
in whicll I mi.s: these ingretlients together is I consisting of gutta-percha or iudia-rubberand
about as follows: gutta-percha or india-rnu-1 ,,aratline mb:etl with eitiJer rosin anti wheat-
her, four parts; paratlint~, one part; wheat- tionr or with a tannate of gelatine allll white
flour, t\t'O parts ; rosin, one· part; or, instead I oxide of zinc, substantially in the manner ancl
oftbis,gutta-percha or india-rubber, six parts; about in the proportion herein set forth.
paraffine, two parts; white o~ide of zinc, one I S.:\.)f. C. BISHOP.
part; catechu, (or any other material contain- "·itnesscs:
iug tanuic acid~) one part; gelatine or glue, H:&NRY S. Y ALEXTI~E,
two parts. 'fhese ingreclients are mixed to· I )f. lf. Ln"I:'iGSTOX.

-l~llffliNll -
If?'•~ II~
ÆTHERFORCE
1~11~1·---------11~~11~1
- -
W. H. JOHNSON.
Telegraph Cable.
No. 25,739. Patented Oct. 11, 1859.

ÆTHERFORCE
I.~IIIAVZJ 11--------IIJA~II~l
- -
UNITED STATES .PATENT OFFICE.

WILLLUI H. JOHNSON, OF SPRINGFIELD, liASSACHUSE'ITS.

IMPROVED TELEGRAPHIC CABLE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. S3. 739. date«~: October 11, 1~59.

To allzrlwm, it may concet"n: 'Iprotect the conductor from e~:traueous in11a-

Be it known that I, WlL H. JoHNSON, of ences is the object of my pr~sent invention,
Spriu•rtield, in the county of Hampden aud
Stat~ ~f liassachnsetts. have inv~uted certain
Impron'ments in Electl"ic Conductors for
I
j which cousitits in the employment of a con-
ductorof Much form that while it way be pro-
tected by an .-xterual coating there will yet be
Tr:m~mittiug Telegraphic Signals, of which a considerable amount of surface throughout
the following is a full, clear, and exact descrip· its whule length left free and not in contact
tion, reference betng had to the accompanying witb the coat10g. The form which I prefer i8
drawings, makmg part of thi~ specification, that of a plain tube. On land routes the tube
in which- may be simply coated with some material, such
Figure 1 re~Jresents a portion of a subma- as gutta· perch a, to protect it.s outer surface
rine tt-legrapb-cable, part of the coatiug being from being atfected by the external influences
brokcu a. way to show the wires within; Fig. 2, which are usually found to be detrimental to the
a trans\·t!rse section of the sawe; Fig. 3, the efficient action of au electro· telegraphic coo-
same enlarged. doctor, while its inner Murface remains per-
Heretofore solid wire has been usPd as a f~ctly free; or, for submarine telegrclphiug, it
couclnctor for transmittinat telegraphic mes- may form part of a cable,. such as i:~ repre-
sn,r~s, but it bas been found that when its sur- sen ted in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the drawings, in
face is exposed to the action of the elements, which- .
l>articnlarly of water, that the correut of t!lec- a. is the tube or conductor; b, a coating ot
tricity is weakened by being carried otf from gutta-percha, which surrounds it. Over this
tbe surface of the wire. To remedy, in a are placed the wir~s c, which lie parallel to the
me tsure, thi~. defect, the wire has been coated a~:is of the tnhe, and are held in position dar-
with various matt!rials of a letts elec• ric con- ing the construction of the cable by a thin
ductibilit~· than the wire iL-.elf. This precau- wire, d, whic'h is wound spirally around them. ·
tion in submarine telegra()hingse~ms to be ab- The ootefcoating, f, of gutta-percha, is them
solntcly es~ential, as the wire woultl otherwise applit·d, which binds the whole into one solid
be in constant aud immediate contact with the mBI!IS. .
surrounding water; but on land routt!s it is There are other forms of conductor which
generally omitted on account of the additional can be osed and the same end be oiJtained. I
e.s:pense of constructing the line, and the plaiu cannot here enumerate them all, but will de·
v;ire i~ fonnd to answer vet·y well for tile trans- scribe one, as shown in .,;ection, Fig. 4: The
mission of me~~ages during the ordinary con- solid whe B ba~ pruj~ctions 2 and recesses or
ditious of the surrounding atmosphere. But groo\"es 3 along ibll~ugth. The coating g may
wlJen the uncoatt·d wue is exposed (al'l fre- IJe urawu o\·er the wire iu a thin shet!t or tniJe
qat•ntly occurs) to storm~ and pee·uliar electric or be wouud around it, when th., wire will IJe
chang~s of the atmo~pbe1·e, the electric current prot~cted, while the surface in the grooves 3
is carried off froru the ~urface of the wire to such will be fre~.
an extent as to interrupt and frequently en- \Vhat I claim as my invt!ution, and clesire
tirely pre\·eut the tran~nui~~ion of me~sages to secure by Letters Patent as a new article of
O\er the line. Further, the plain wire is found manufacture, is-
to act l>erter in the o1·dinary comlitiou~ of the An electro-telt-gnLphic conductor construct·
at.mosphere than that which is coated with ed in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
gutta-percha or ~er materials, sbowiug that WILLIAM H. JOHNSON.
a cl~ar and unobstructed surface give~ a more Witnesses:
etticien t action to the conductor. Tuos. R. Ro.A.CB,
To obtain such a surface and yet be able to P. E. TESCBEMA..CliER.

-l~llrtlNIII---;------11 JY.&~lll -~
ÆTHERFORCE
~~~~~·hJI 1~11~11
- (No Model.)
E. Z. COLLINGS.
-
Underground Electric Conductor.
No. 243,215. Patented June 21, 1881.

iitntssts:
_A, l!JJ&'~

1/.Jf~

-1~11r~~11 -
IJY•~II~·
ÆTHERFORCE
l~ll~·hlll---~------·~~~.,1~11
- -
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE..

E D \V..!. R D Z. C 0 L L I Y G S, 0 F C..!. :\I D E S, N E 'V J E R S E Y.

UNDERGROUND ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 243,2ll5, dated June 21, 1881.
~pplicatiou Bled llarch 30. 15~1. 1'So model.)

To allltltom it mag concern: are then iutrotluced iuto and passed through
Be it known tba.t I, Enw.lRD Z. CoLI INGS, the channels a, the latter thus acting to in-
a. citizen of the rnited States~ resic.ling at Cam- closl', support, anti separate the \t'ires or ca- 4-5
den, in the C:lunty of Camden, State of ~cw bles. As the trass arc formed· separately from
3 Jer~t-~-~ han~ iu,·entell a new ancl nsefnl Im· the tnl>ing or shells A, the rbanuels a, not
pron~ment in C'm14!rgronml Elt~ctric Concluct-jliahle to become distorted in tile process of
or~, whicb impron~nwnt is fully set furth in I construct ion of the trays, will be founcl to be
the tullo\t'ing specification atul accc.unpanyiug unifo1·m a.ml unobstructed. 50
tlrawings! in \t'Liich- In Fig. 3 I .show a modification, wlJere the
1o FigUl·e 1 is a ,·icw showiug the conductor trays are supportecl on ledges formed ou tbe
embOtlyiug my iun~ntion iu po:o;ition. Fig. 2 sides of the iuner face of the tube.
is a section, eulargcd, iu line .r .1', Fig. I. Fig. 1 The conductors lead into testing-statious C,
3 i~ a .section of a motlification. 1 locuted in the grouncl at proper distance apart, 55
Similar lt!ttl·r~ of reference iutlic:atc corre·j formt!d of a water-proof anti suitably-closed
I5 ~ponding parts in tl10 se,·eral tigures. ,·ault, pro,·ided witli one ot· more rollers, D.
)fy in,·enciou consists of au uutlerground I propedy mouutet.l withiu t lJe same,o,·er which
1

elt!ctric. condnctm· tot·med of leugtbs of tubing the llrawiug-wires eonuectetl to the conductors
arul detachable or separated trays fit ted withiu 1 mny be run for the purpose of operating said 6o
the sam<', wht-reby when the tnhiug is laid wil·t•s ontside of the stations, as shmt'n in ·Fig.
20 the tra~·s may be cou\·euicntly located and 1, said operatiou beiog con,·eniently accom-
produe means fur supporting, inclo!'Jing, and plished without the necessity of the workman
separating tbe t'lt·ctric wires or cables. remaining in the statiou longer than is neces-
It al~o cousists of testiog-statious adapted sar.r to start tlle work. 65
for· operating ft·or~l auo\·e the grouud the \t'ires Ha\·ing thus tlescril>ed my iu \"CUtion. wlmt I
p or corcls. which clra w the electrir: wh·es orca- II claim as new, anti desire to secure by Letters
hll~8 througll the concluctors. Patent, ili-
Hett.~rring to the th'&L\t'ing~, .\ rc~pre8eu! s a 1. .d. series of uetachahlc trays, B, each ha\··
tube or tubing, for·mctl of glazed t~rra. cotta, iug oue or more groo\·es on l.Joth its upper ancl 70
~las~, nr otht r suitable ruat.-riaJ~ properly laid its lo,)·er sitle, in combination with a tube which
1

30 in the ear·th in the clirc•ction the t-lec~tric wires iucas4!s :-~aitl trays arul holcls them together, so
or cault·s are to run. 1 that each lower groo,·e ot' one tray ancl the
B r·, }H'cs•·uts a series of trays, which are I corTe~pontling upper grocwe of the tray below
atlaptctl to ut.• placed tllle aho\·e the other, Slit)· , it will form a pas:o;age for a line-wire,substan- 75
port each otht•r in the tube...\, a.ml till th_c space ~,. tially as set tort h.
35 tlwreof. On the nppt•r and lowt.•t· faces of the . :!. The tul.Je .\, ha\·ing· s.-mi-c~ liut.lrical iute-
trays, or ouc face ur each, are horizontally-ex- jr·iot· groo\"'es at botl.t ends, in cornbiuation witll
tcmling channels a, for tlw reception of the 1 detaehaulc groo,·eu trays B, substantially a~
electric wire~ oa· cables.
The tubing is laid in leugths or sections
Iset forth.
E. Z. COLLIXGS.
40 properly conul'cted, aull tlJe tr .• y ..; B are run \Yitnesses:
thereinto at oue eutl antl pushed along tl.te re-I JOHN ..!.. \YIEDERSIIEDI,
qnireu extent, ruu.l the electric wirPs or caules F. CooPER.

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IJ¥•~111~~
ÆTHERFORCE
 l~hlll~ll
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E. H. ·AUSTIN.
Subterranean Telegraph Lines.
No. 138,115_. Patented April 22,1873.

~.\ .

.£1

-1~11~111---------llf¥•~11~
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ÆTHERFORCE
~~~~~hill--------IIIA~II~II
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tTNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ELIJAH HARRISON AUST~, OF ~~W YORK, ·N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN SUBTERRANEAN TELEGRAPH·LINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 138,113, dated April~' 1873; application ftled
Februnry 26, 1873.

To all ttltam it may concern: I provided with a multiplicity of passages, one

Be it known that!, ELIJA.R HARRISO~ ..A.t:S· insulated from the other, so as to make room
rL~. of the city, county, and State of New tor the required number of wires. If the con-
fork, have in\·entetl a new and useful Im- ductors are placed nutler ground and one of
provementin Conductors for Telegraph· \Vires; the wires gets broken or inoperativ·e, it is im-
and I do hereby declare the tollowing to be possible to repair the same without much tron-
a full, clear, and exact description thereof, ble and expense, and for this reason subter-
wbich \Vill enable those skille<l in the art to I ranean conductors tor telegraph-wires ha\·e
make and use the same~ reference being had not been considered practical. But by my
to the accompanying drawing forming part ot'. impro,·eruent I am enabled to repair each wire
this specification, iu which drawing- with the greatest thcility. The bridge con-
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section taining boxes .-\. will be distributed at suita-
of this inl'ention. Fig. 2 is a trans\erse sec- ule iuterl'als along the line, and if either of
tion of the same. the wires becomes iuoperati,e, it can readily
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts. be determined by au dectrometer where the
This in\ention consists in the arrangement t1l.ulty place t!Xi8ts in the wire, ami by open-
o( an insulated bridge iuclose<l in a box which ing the uoxes next to this place the fault can
torrus the connecting-link between sections be remedied \l"ithout much trouble.
of pipes \l"bich inclose one or more tel~graph- Iu order to facilitate the operation of pick-
wires in such a manner that, by opening said ing out the faulty wire, the notches in the
box, access can be bad to the wire or wires bridges are numuered to correspond to the
wbene,er it may be desirable. munuer of the wires, and if it is found, for in-
In the drawing, the letter A designates a stance, that wire 4 is inoperative, this wire is
box, made of cast-iron or any other suitable easily picked out by opening the uoxes and
material, aml provided with a co,·er, B, so looking at the numbers marked on the bridges.
that by removing saill co\·er access can LJe had I By my impro,·ement subterranean conduct-
to the interior of the box. The ends of the ors fur telegraph-wires are rendered practica-
box connect with pipes C C, which represent ule, aJl(l any repairs wllich may be require<l
sections of a conductor for telegraph-wil·es, on such wires can l>e made with as much ease
passages, according to the number of tele-
I
and \\"hich may be arranged with one or more as on wires suspended on poles.
\\"hat I claim as ne\\·, and desire to secure
graph-wires to be passed tllrough the same. by Letters Patent, is-
(n the int~rior of the box ...-\. is secured au in- 'fbe arrangenwnt of boxes A containing in-
sulated bridge, D, provided with one or more sulated uridges D between the section~ C C
notches, a, (see Fig. 2,) through which the of a conductor for telegraph-wires, substan-
wires are passed. tially as and for the purpose herein shown
By th.is arrangement easy access can be and described.
h~d to any pal't of the telegraph wire or ELIJAH H. AL'STI~.
wtres, and repairs can be effected with facili·
ty. The conductors C U may, for instance,
be used in cities for the wires of tire-alarw
telegraphs. In this case said conductors are .
I \Vituesses:
W. HAl:JFF,
E. F. !U.sTE~HUDER.

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IWA~II~
ÆTHERFORCE
 -------llll\.%JII~II
W. MACKINTOSH.
3 Sheets--Sheet 1.
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Underground Telegraph Lines.
No. 146,695. Patented Jan. 20,1874.

I'ig; b.

~ • 'SeJ:_ Jnvenror:
·.~
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ÆTHERFORCE
 ~~~--'IIA"'ZdJII~I
W. MACKINTOSH.
3 Sheets--Sheet 2~
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Underground Telegraph Lines.
No. 146,695. Patented Jan. 20,1874.

-1~11~1 -
ltY.~lll~
ÆTHERFORCE
I~IIJAVAJI--1------·1~'%111~1
- W. MACKINTOSH.
3 Sheets--Sheet 3.
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Underground Telegraph Lines.
No. 146,695. Patented Jan. 20,1874.

I
~[!]~~[!J
..(!] ~ ~[!] ~
l-tL!J~~~
-{!] &[!] &r!J
~ rncL!l C!J IB"

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ÆTHERFORCE
1~11~1--1-------11~~11~1
- UNITED ST.i\TES PATENT OFFICE. -
W'II.. LIA.~I :\fAC.KI~TOSH, OF NE\V YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN UNDERGROUND-TELEGRAPH LINES.

:O:p•·t:ilic:J.tiou forming part of Letters Patent Yo. 1-16,693, elated January :!0, 18i4: apt•lication filed
February zr,
le73.

all 1rltom it may concern: • 1 if broken, or the wires themsel~es, without

1i'l'c it known that I, \YILLIA.JI )f.A.CKI~TOSR, intPrfering with the working of the wires or
I
(;he city awl county of Sew York, in the with any other section of the trunk; and for
~ 1 • 1 w of Sew York, ha,·e in\·Pntetl certain new I this purpose the sections are made to break
~-u:lnsd'ul Impron~ments in the Construction :joints with the co~er,amltobesecurec.l together
~f rmlcrgrouuc.l-Telegraph Line "·irl's auc.l 1 uy clamp B at the ends of each section, and
nu~tllotl of lay in:: the same, of which the fol- also at the ends of each co,·er and the midc.lle
Jo\fiucr is a specification. · I of each section, so that the trunk will be self-
r
~t/inn•ntion relates to telegraph-line wires sustaining should it become necessary to dig
arrai1cred undergrouncl aDll in which saic.lline-~ ont the street crossing the trunk in laying
•ire~ ~ue inclosed \Vi thin a trunk; autl th~ im- se\'ters~ gas or wat~r pipes. This is 'r'ery im·
pnJ\·cmt-nts \l"hich I ha.na ma~e iu the con- por:tant i.n citi~s in ~Yoillin.~ many difficulties
"rruction and me thou ot carrJlng out the sys- wh1cil rmght occur 1u openmg streets ~nd re-
; •• 111 will ue hereinafter tlt"lscrihed in connection placing sections wllil!b may from other causes
\fith the accompanying drawing:-\, which form become broken. Tile binuing·clamps q are of
•• part of this specification, antl in which- staple form, applied to the tl·tmk with its up.
Fi~urc 1! Sheet 1, represents an Ple\ation of per ends joined by a horizontal plate, c, ancl
I
a section m· portion of a trunk telegra.pb·line keyed by keys tl, so as to aflow the clamps B
".,,\.in cormectiou with au uudergronnc.l ,·anlt, to ue taken ott· at any section aml easily rc.•-
:uul =--!rowing the wires as l>eing lmd from ~aid I placed. Theco~ersof eacil section aretongnetl
rault. Fi;.:·. :!, Sheet 1, represeu ts a \ertical on their unc.lcr side~~ so as to do,·etail in the
ltlll;,:itmlinal section of the same, silo wing a sec· adjacent co't"er, or they may l>e left squarP,
tiuu of the system of wires laicl and th~ wethoc.l aml the clamp-plates cementetl o\·f"l.r the joint~
uf la,dng another section. Fig. 3, Sheet !!, to make the trunk tight.
re·pre:-;cuts a similar section, showing the wires At any proper inter~als along the unc.ler-
c·uunect~cl \l'ithin the ,·ault. Fig. !, Sheet.:!, grounc.l. trunk I arrange a ~ault, <.:, l>uilt al.so
~t•pn·~cnts a horizontal section of the same. beneath the surface of the ground, to be en-
Fi~. ,j~ :"5ht.·~t :!, rt'preseuts a similar scctiou of tered ·by a trap·door, C', from abo,·e, or f1·om
oue eutl of the trunk on au enlargl'tl scale. an archec.l passage-way from the cellar of ad-
Fig. H. Sheet 1, rt>presents a trans,·erse sec· joining buildings. Through tbe ~ertical \\"ails
ti1111 of tile trunk, showing the arrangement of this Yault tilt! opposite ends of the trunk A
uf the ;;;(•p•u·ate insulating· bars for tile wires. pass, autl terminate in flaring or beJl.moutbec.l
Fi;.r. 7, same 8heet, rep•·esents a \iew in per· projecting enus D. This \·ault is designed as
~pl·cth·e of two of the irrsulating grom·ec.Iuars a working-chamber, from which the wires a
clcraclrNl from the trunk. Fig. 8, same sheet, are laitl tilrough the trunks from one ~ault to
r"prcseuts a ,-iew showtug the trunk dh·ertetl · tile other: also, as a means for testing the
tu pa:o;s o\·er a gas or water pipe. Fig. !) re(J·I wires in the trunk between the ,·aults for the
rl·~··uts a section of tbe working.,·ault, show- purpose of locating trouble on the \l"ires; also,
ing the ~ntering ~niue insulating plate in ele· I \Vhen a wire i~ found to l>e defecti\e, to allow
rarion; and Fig. lU, a ,·iew showing the tower I such uefecth·e wire to be urawu through the
of the Yault at the city liwits, where the Hues trunk, pulling after it a perfect wire, to replace
join tue telegraph· poles. j the defecti\·eone without digging up the str~et
Tile trunk .A for recei\·ing the wires a is l"ltll· . or remo~ing the sections. 'fhe ,·au Its may ue
lu·(llll'tl in a treuch a suitaula depth beneath ! built or any suitable material and form, bal"'-
thc surfaee~ eit~1~r in th.e street. or sit~ewalk j in~ sutlicie~1t size t~ aft:ord workin~ capaci.ty,
wheu usec.l 111 c1t1es. It Is maue 1u sections of r aml to recel\·e reels E, F!gs. 1 and:!, from wlucil
au~: suitable lengths and of any material ac.lapt-~ the wires are Jaiu ft·oru vault to ~ault, the
ed tor the purpose; but I prefer glazed stone method of effecting which will be hereinafter
or earthenware tul>iug. These sections are , c.lescribed.
t·o_nuecteu together by lap-joints, so as to ad- 1 The tlaring terminus D of each end. of tho
I
nllt or their ueing taken apart anu put to- trunk within tile ~ault is for the purpose of
g~thcr for the purpose of repairing the trunk spreading the wires a farther apart as they

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ÆTHERFORCE
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entPr, and also within the vault, to affortl room

for working on the ends of the wires, first, to
F, into the opposite ends of which the ends of
the line-wires are secured in an\"" suitable man-
-
join th~m within the \"'ault by the binding- ner. The object of these screw-stems is to
screws e, Figs. 3 aud 4; second, to allow the tighten the wires witllin t.h~ trunks between
wires to lJe reauily opened for testing purposes; the \anlts, and thus kefp them at reg-ular dis-
and, third, to atlord room dir~·~tly '""ithin the tances apart, which I effect by means of sere"··
mouth of the trunk for the location and ar- nuts Z, Fig. 5, on the outer ends of the screw.
rangement of tightening-screws F for the sepa- stems, arraugetl to lJear against the face of
rate wirE's, ant.l to enable the operator to pass the insulating-plate G within tlle Yaull:. Tl.tc
his band between the wires to enter the tight- screw- stems F are from tweh·u to eigllteen
en ing·scre\l"S tbrooAh an insu latinggoitle-pla.te, inches long, in order to atfortl a. proper tension
G, to be hPreiuafter described, and to ett'ect through the trunk aml gi'\""e ample atljnstin~
which the tluring month· D is prol"idecl with length to comp~nsate for any slack of the
suitalJle openings,/, within the ,-ault. 'Vith- wires. This immlating-platc G may he secured
in tlle trunk tbe \l"ires are arranged and sup- in any suitable manner in its seat; but I pre-
ported upon insulating cross-<li'\""isions g, pref- fer to tit it within groo,·es formecl in the etul
Prably situated at one eud of each trunk-sec- of the trunk.
tion, and iu practice from fifteen to twenty In h1ying the trunk it will of necessity he
feet apart, more or less, as occasion may re- made to conform to the surface of the street.
quire. For instance, shonltl it be necessary to and will therefore be more or less :\ departure
cl~tlect the trunk to pass O\"'er a ~as or wat~r from a le\"'el or horizontal line. This will pro-
pipe which may be in the line of tbe trunk, duce bends or depressions iu the trunk wllich
the ape.l: awl base of such bend or angle must might catch and holll water f.rom leak:i in the
ha,·e these di'\""isiou-support~, as shown in Fig. trunk. To drain the latter, tllerefore. I arr·au~c
8 nf the drawings. . at such lo\\"" points of grmle a pipe, H~ conrle<·t-
The cross-t.lh·isions fJ may be of glass or any iug with. the bottom of the trunk awl ll•aclin;:
insulating- mareriul, and they are made in sep- to the street-sewer I, the said pipe to lli\,-e a
a,rate and distinct bars, one side of each ha\- bend or stench-trap in it to form a st.>al to said
. ing groo,·es or perforations 7t, to recei\"'e and pipe, and thus pre,·ent foul air and insects from
hold th~ wires. Tllese holding-bars g are ar- passio~ into tht.> trunk. In aclllition to this
r.angecl oue abO\·e the other, and the wire drain-pipe H, I \entilate the trunk h,\- meaus
strands are therefore placed between them in of a pipe, J. leading from the trunk lwm•ach
sc•tJarate series ou layers, the perforated side the sidewalk to connect with the cbinJUe\-~ of
of one bar being adjacent to the solid side of the high bouse5l, so i\S to protlncc a draft ()f air
next. bar, null in this way separate and bold through tlle trunk, aml tuis n•ntihniou, in
the ditt·erent layers of wh·es distinct, the SC\"'· connection \l"ith the tlrain-pipe ll, will liet•p
erallnyers being inserted each at a time (com- the trunk perfec:ly dry.
mencing from the bottom of the trunk) and The main trunk may be provic.lecl witll bra.ru:h
the insulators laid one upon the other, the trunk K, leading into stations or telegraph·
clistiuguishing feature aml ath·antage of which offices at desirable points lJetween the ,-anlt~,
is that each har !I is made remo\"'al>le, so that into wuich the liue-\l"ire~ rna\· ue tlin~rtecl or
an entire section or number of sections of the brunched oft" to suitable conne~tions. as shown
trunk can lJe remo,·etl with its insulating di\"is: in Fig. 4 of tlle drawings, tl.Je truni\: t'm· that
ion-bars and replaced \l"hen required without purpose being prodded with suitaule llin~rg-
distnrbingorinterfering '""ith the wires. These ing or angle insulating-bars, L. .
separate di'\""ision-bolding bars are secured iu One of the chief features of my in \ention 1:1
place within the trunk by tougue i and groo\·es in\·oh·ed in the metlloll of laying tile liue-wi.rl':4
j in the ends of the bars !land on the inner in the trunk anti of remo~ing and replacwg
sides of the trunk A, so tha.t they need no defecth·e wires. Tllis is carried out in tl.Je tol·
fastening, but can be slid in and out to their lowing manner: A s~ction of tlle trnnk ha,·ing
places oue upon the otller. been completed, the wires to be laid iu tht•
It 'rill lle obser\ed that the ends n, Fig. 7, trunk are upon reels or spools E, placec.l upon
of each groo\e or perforation h iu the insulat- portable frame-work in· the ~ault! lJeiug <lr·
ing holdmg-lJars !J for the wires are made ttar- ranged so that any suitaule number of ~p.oul:o~
ing for the purpo:se of allowing the wires to be can be usetl at the same time. The wire trum
clrawn througll th~ bars· without catching or the spools, .each from its proper spool, is t~t>n
tearing tlle rnblJer or coating from the wire led into aud througll the insulating l'Uterlnl.!
wllen such wire is nsed. plate G anti through tl.Je first tlh·ision of tht.'
The tfaring or p1·ojectiug mouth D of the insulating-bars !J, which is arranged 11ear..th: ·
trunk withiu the nt.ult c is pro\·itled with an insulating-plate in the vault, as shown in 1• l;!~l
insulating entering guide-plate, G, ha\"'ing as 1 ami ~- 'Yhen all tl.Je wires are tuns euten•c
many perforations or boles as there are wires within the trunk their ends are tuen conut'dl'd
within the trunk. This plate I prefer to make to a dra\v-head, )I, by which all the wires art'
of au iron ft·ame or lattice- work with bnll's- dra \~11 from the reels as fast as eacll sectil~n .',c
t-ye glasses k, Fig. n, in which the perforations the trunk is completed, the insulating chn_~·

-
ion-bars !l being placed in their proper ! 11 '~ 1 •

-
are Ulade to receh·~ pieces of hard-rubber tub-
ing to form seats for and hold solid screw-stems tious at the sa.,me time within the trnuk tl• ~·c·

1~11~1 IWAN"lll~
ÆTHERFORCE
~lltAYhJI--1----11~~11~11
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he ~ires. In this \vay all the wires are The line-wires may be connectetl npou a
-
-''": onct• as the work IJrogresses of laying S\Vitch-board within the \vorking-vaultstbr the
~ 1 111 k ~o as to a-roid opening the str(let purpose of cross-connecting line-wires in the
.w rr•r ,,rent
.- ' utstance
·1 • a t a timt\.
. Th'1s opera- van I ts wuen
•· . east'J r
necessary, t he van I t b ~mg
fll ·~· c~rried on between \·aults. accessible by trap-door C' and lad .er S, or by
~.::.,; the second "'ault is completed the entrance from adjoining cellars.
' ~f th~ wires are secured upon their tight- lly inl"eution is equally applicable for
_.!:~ ...screws F, which are fastened by nuts Z, through-lines; but should it be deemed best
,.,;~"4·riuetl, to the insulating-plate G. The at the city limits to connect the wires to tue
- ~~itc t>rul~ of .the wires are then drawn to usual telegraph-poles I erect· a tower, P, about
.rP' pt•r ten~ton m the first Yault, cut oft', and thirty feet high upon the last l"ault, into which
• ~·~l ro the tigi.Jteniug-screws, as in the sec- the wires from the trunk leadaml connect with
:'a
fiCG "nult. TlJe screws F at botb ends are those on the pole, thus combining the under-
~djnstec.l to gh·e the wires the proper ground with the elevated line tele-graph-wires.
-f.UJe.!ls to keep them apart through the This tower P also serves a very important and
.,.-" Iu likemanneranothersection ofwires useful purpose as a ventilator for the trunk
~~.~- 11 through the trunk from the second to in connection with the other ventilators de-
~ ;hi rei yault and st:cnred, the draw-bead li scribed. A ~rrooved pole may be used insteacl
w.n,: iu euch operatwn marle the means of of a tower. To- keep the trunk and wires dry,
~.-w•r the wires. The E'nds of the "·ires I produce a draft through it (lither by forcing
!~tblll the second ,·ault leading through both or sucking air through it by suitable blower:i
tran~l't lu~tw.(•f"n. ,·aults are the? connected by arranged at snitable places along the line, and
_... 11 ~ of lmullng-screws e, Ftgs. 3 ami 4, so thus al"oitl all difficulty "·hicb might arise
.. to furm contiuuous '"ires, and which will from dampness of the wires .
.taut of being op~ned withh~ each va~lt for Having thus c.lescribfld my iu,·ention, I
.,.uu•r pnrposes \\'lthout cottmg the wtres. claim-
fbcesnrraugement of the working-vaults and 1. The combination of the insulating guide-
tiM' junction of the se,·eraUines of wires therein plates g, the insulating supporting-bars g, the
,,.,,1 •rrt·at facility for the removal and re· draw-bead l£, and the reels E with the bol-
~ttfm~ut of any wire which may be foc.nd to low trunk-sections and the workiug-,·anlts C.
liP uc.ft.•cti\'e. This is uone by disconnecting all con~tructed in laying UtHlerground . telc·
,._."·ire from the screw in one of the vaults graph-tine wires~ substantially as descriuec.l.
1111connccting the end of another perfect wire 2. The draw-bead lf, in combination witi.J
to tbilt of tl.ae defecth·e wirE', then pulling the a series of separate and distinct layers of tele·
•Ctt.·th·e wir·e tlJrnngh the trunk into the next graph-line wires and an insnlating enteriu~
11utr. thus clrawing the perfect wire throngb plate, G, wherehr all the wires are dra.wn aUtl
lW trunk ancl its se\·eral insulating cli\·isions laid in the trunk simultaneously~ as describetl.
rn·tbe ag·encyof the clefecth·ewire~ after which 3. In underground· telegraplJ -line wires in
~~ Jtt'i'h.•c:t wit·e is secured and couuecte(l at which the trunk A is combined witi.J working·
I
lJDtb entls with the screws aud continuous vaults C, within which the trunk projects, tlJe
wart'll, as heretofore described. Iu joining the combination therewith of the entering guide
nd:' uf the clcfccth·e and perfect wires care I insulating-plates G for tbe wire~, essseutiall.r
tboulcl uc taken to muke the joint perfectlr I as described.
e.:~uMJth by tiling the encls of tlJe \vires to a i 4. In com l>inatiou with the entering guide
pa~mt prt~\·ious to making the joint and soltler- 1 insulatiu~-pla.tesG, arranged within the trunk
:.;: th~ joint when made, so that it will read-~ terminus 0, as de~cribecl, the teusion-acljust-
Jy pass turough the insulating-bars g and be- iug screws F, supported by said plates, sub-
l••·t.·u tl.ae otuerwires without catci.Jing or tear- stautially as de:icribed.
t~a:: the coating- otl" the wires. Should the j' 5. The ends D of the trunk-sections \fitbin
trunk he ruu through vaults connected with the Yault, mado flaring, to aftbrd working room
!Muhllll~s nncler the sidewalk or street, it can between the. wires, substantiaJly as lJereiu de·
bP !IU!"flt'ndecl by the clamp B from the roof of I1 scribed.
t!lf ,·ault. The trunk b~ing in sections, and 6. lu combination with the flaring project-
'bl' holding and insulating bars g also in sepa- ing entls D of the truuk-sectious within the
rs:t• :uul iudepeudent sections, tbe trunk-sec- l"ault, the working openiugsf within said sec-
huns may ue remol"etl aud replaced, or the tions, to effect tbe union of the line-wires "·itb
•tn·.:i aucl tli,·ision-bars lifted out of the trunk tbe interior enc.ls of ti.Je tighteuing.screws F,
1o n•pair any damage, or for any other reason as described.
thil~h may l.Jc fouuc.l ueces~ary to wake their In testimony whereof I ha-re hereunto set my
rr~r~oral. In tlrawing ti.Je wires into the trunk hantl thi~ :!bt c.l<\Y of February,...!.. D. 1873, iu
"tA tlt.·sigueu to ha.\"e a number of space-wires the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
~ JIW{'c:t· connection to meet future demands 'V"ILLl.A)I .:\L\CKI~TOSII.
•hu lll~rease of business, so that it will not \Yituesses:
~ ~'~'qutreu to open the truuk at any time for A. E. H. JolL.'iSO~,
1• 1' purpose. ,Y. H..lliiLTON Jou:-rso~.

-~11rv.~1 -
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IJY.~lll~l
ÆTHERFORCE
 -----------IIL~TAJII~
A. B. TURNER.
Underground-Telegraph Line.
-
No. 223,868. Patented Jan. 27, 1880.

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- UNITED STATES pATENT OFFICE,
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ALO"SZO 13. Tt;R~ER, OF l£0C':XT SAVAGE, )1.-\.RYLA~D.

UNDERGROUND-TELEGRAPH LINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent lro. 223,868, dated .Tanuary 27, 1880.
.\J'JIIIt'atiou f!ledSoTember~. 1@~.

To alltrlwm it may concern: Ia tor, \Vhich are disposetl ~uti to eutl and placed
Be it known that I, ALONZO B. TURSER, of in the coocaved blocks or foundation, a~ clearly
)fount Saf'a.ge,in tbe county of .!.Ueghauy and represented in Figs. 1 anti 2. These sections
State of )Iarylantl, haf'e in,·ented cPrtain new may be made of glass, furnace· slag, or any
410 d useful Impro'\"ements in Underground- other non-conductor of electricity having the
Telegraph Lines; and I do hereby declare the requisite stre'ngth and capablt! of resisting the
following to be a full, clear, and e~act de scrip- eftects of air and moisture, and may be round,
rion of the in '\"ention, such as 'viii enable others square, or any other desired shape, and of con-
skilletl in the art to which it appertains to venient length-say from four to ten feet in
1
make and use the same, reference being uad ~length-while the diameter is governed by the
to the accmnpnuying dra~ings, and to letters uumberofwires to be accommodated. TIJrougll
of reference markecl thereon, ~hichfor~n a part : eacll section of insulator are made as man~·
of this spedficatioo, aud in ~hich- 1 coincident apertures or passages a a, e~tend·
Figure 1 is a side '\"iew of my improved un- ing in the direction of their length, as the num-
dergrouncl-telegraph line·\'\"ire.- Fig.~ is a \er- ber of wires to be accommodatetl or passed
tical traus,·erse section on the line .E .r of Fig. through them, while one end of each section is
1. and Fig. 3 is a tletail longitudinal :\ection provided "·ith a cylindrical or other shaped
thereof. projection~ b, and tiJe latter with a tenon or
The same pa1·t in the se,·eral tignres is des- pin, lJ', and its other end with a similar recess
iguate«.l uy the same letter. or socket, c, and a further inlet or apt')rturta, c'.
This irl\·ention bas relation to iwpron~meuts From this construction it will be obserf'ed tllat
io underground-telegraph line-wires, and refers each section will tit and interlock into the other
more specially to the insulators which contain to pre,·ent its dislocation, wiJile the tenous ot·
or receh·e the wires, anti has tor its object to or pins fitting into their apertures will secure
facilitate the laying of the wires, to permit of the wire-passages in a coincident plane, where·
their really remO\·al, to protect them from the by the \'\"ires can be passed through them witiJ-
deleterious effects of air and moisture, to readi· out interruption or being intercepted by tile
ly detect a brt>akage in the wires, to test nuy meeting edges of the passages as might other-
one or more sections thereof, and to prof'ide wise occur. By thus insulating the wires each
for turning corners or forming angles, and to is separate from the other, thoroughly protect·
taft'ect the e~peuit ious uniting of th~ respecth·e e«.l and insulated without additional iuclosin~
sections of the iusnlator, and to iusure thecoiu- or \'Happing, as has heretofore been the prac-
. cidiug of the passages or apertures therein tice in some, if not all, instances, and ~hich
througll \-rhich the \Vires pass. is objectionable because of the difficulty to
Tile nature of my in,·eution cou~ists of a per- withdraw or remo\e a uefecti\·e "·ire ~itll the
turetl insulators with their apertures or pas- insulator-sections in positions underground.
sages for tbe wires extentletl Jongitudiuallr ".ith my insulator this difficulty is completely
through them, and provided, each section of o\·ercome, iu that the wires cau be inserted
insulators, at one end with a projection, and and remo'\"ed with facility, there being no
also a pin or tenon, and at its other end \'fith crO\vding of the wires in tileir passages by rca-
a socket or recess, anc.l a fnrther inlet or a per- son of \Vrappers on the wires.
ture, which respecti'\"'ely recei'\"e the corre· .At certain intern1.ls along the line relays C
spoouingly-shapetl projection aml stud or ten· are pro'\"i<led between the sections of the insn-
on upon the meeting end of the uniting section, lator, cousistingofcarryingthe wires uparounu
while at certain inter'\"als relays are pro,·idetl insulators upon a cross-piece, d', secured upon
between the insulator- sections, sub~tantially a central upright or post, d, planted in the
as hereinafter more fully set forth. ground. Th~se ser\e to detect a breakage or
Referring to the accompanying drawings,.!. defect in any of the wires that may arise, to
may represent conc:we<l sections of blocks, of test the same, and to pro'\"ide for turning cor-
any suitable material, first placed in positiou ncrs, or rather forming angles at those points,
In a prepared e~ca\ation or ditch in tbe ground. j to correspondingly change the direction of the
B B mark a number of sections of the insu· wires of the line.

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The projections b ou the insulator are each I further inlet or aperture, into which fit a cor-
formed by cutting a circular section or annu-l responding projection and pin, substantiall~­
lus from the circumference at one end of each as and for the purpose set forth.
section, thus pr•>\"iding a single projection for 1 2. In underground-telegraph lines, the com-
uniting and encompassing the whole series of 1 bination of the insulator- sections with Ion-
passages or apertures, ~reatly simplifying con- gitudinal passages or apertures extending
1

struction~ that lleretofore eruployed consisting tllrough them, and pro'"ided with interlocking
in cutting or pro,·idiug a separate projection, projections and tenons at one end, and at the
or rather tube, for each aperture or passage. other end with sockets or recesses and aper-
These insulator- sections can be laid with fa- tures with the line-wires and intermediate re-
cility and be cheaply gotten up, \Vllich are lays, substantially as and for the purpose 3et
great desiderata, especially in the construction . forth.
of telegraph-lines. ! In testimony that I claim tlle foregoing I
Hal"ing thus fully described ruy in,·eutiou, I ha'"e hereunto set mr haiHl tllis 22d da,\· or
I claim arul desire to secure by Letters Patent- I ~0\·ember, 1870.
1. In nndergronntl-telegraph lines, the iusu- ;
Iator-sections \Vith longitudinal wird passages i .-\.. B. TGRSEit
or apertures extending through them, and bav- j
ing each section at out! end a projection, and . Witne~ses:
upon said projection a teuou or pin entering : · H. B. Sa:A..FFER.
corresponding indentations in the connecting· . JoHY L..1.VELLE~
section, and at tlle other end a socket with a 1

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J. S. PIERSON.
Underground Telegraph Line.
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No. 217,479. Patented July 15, 1879 .

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[TNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES S. PIERSON, OF BttOOKLYY, YEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN UNDERGROUND·TELEGRAPH LINES.

Specification forming parr. ot Letten Patent .No. ~17,4'2'9, dated July lG, 1S79; application tiled
November :a, 1878.

To allzclwm. it may concern: 1 till the groo'fes and prevent moisture reaching
Be it known that 1, J.&MES S. I
PIERSON, of either the boanl or the comluctors.
Brooklyn, in the conraty of Kings and State of A second board, l, is laid upon t.he asphalt
~ew York, ha\"e in,·~nted an Improvement in while hot. and pres~ure is a.pplietl sufficient. to
i~ntlergrouud-Telegraph Lines, of which the cause an intimate contoot bet\'feen the boa1·tl
following is a specification. an'l the bitnmen.
Telegraph- wirP.s heretofore laid in t.be The groo\·ed boards shonld be laid so that
~rouutl ha\'"e beeu incase'l in non-conducting the joints of one layer cum._. n~ar the miclclle
n 1 ~1 terinl, and then introduced iu tabes. In of the boards of the n~st layer.
11010 e i!1st.ances th~ tub~s have been of metal 1 . ..!.secouclr.~onge of wireM i~ luitl iu tl_ae groon~s
and laul together m secttor,s. 1 Ill tbe surfaces of the secoud lay~i· ot ooanl~, l,
)ly invention relates to the. o1eaus for bold· 1 1•ntl the filling-in nr melted bitumen i~ wade
in" the wires in position, insulating them, ;uul I nse ot; as ~fore 1le~criheu. In this manner
re~tlt'ring the entire structure water-proot: · se,·er-.J.l laye~ are introduced in the c1~e, aml
In the drawings, Fiaure 1 is a cross-St!ction 1 then the co\·er is put on a1ul ftlstenetl tlown. if
of the lines ~1.nd the inclosing-case; and Fig. i desired.
2 is a plan, partially in section, of the case and ~ The bitu10en, being inllestrm:tihle, entirely
line~.
1 water-proof. and slightly elastic, is e.xceUeutly
The telegr-.lph wires or conductors a are of adapted _to the in~nla.tion aml 1n·orcction of
COJ1per or other material, and the size of the uudergrouml-telegraph lines, anrl the risk of
underground structure will depend upon the injury is lessenetl in consequence of the slight
nmnut'r of conductors. elasticity of the bitumen, because the same
'fbe case b is of eit.her wood, metal, or earth- 1 will yieh.l and not crack by the settling of the
en,rare. I prefer to make the same ot" wood I earth or the fro~t clisph1cing the cn~e contain-
thoroughly cuated \Vith asphalt. The sootions 1 ing the contlnctors.
or leugt.h~ uf ca-se are united by tongues and ' It is to be understoocl thn t it is prefcrnule
groo,·es at e, and imlia-rubber, asphalt, or I not to employ the iufea·ior or ha·ittle quality of
ocbfr yielding nmterial i~ t.o be inserted to : bitnruen or asphalt.
bep out water, aud with ruetal cases this I Later-c1l branche:-~ are taken otf iu the man·
yields to expansion or contraction from heat I' ner ret)rest'nted in Fig. I, the wires ht.•ing haiti
or colcl. The co,·er .lis preferably secured by iu tnms,·er~e groon~s that c~one~poUtl tn the~
scre,rs. , groo,·es in the plank that p:Lss ott· h'Lt•a·ally.
A layer of melted nath·e a.~phalt or bitumen I I claim as m~· hn·eution-
is lai1l iu the cnse b, and upon this a plank or I Iu combination with groorecl plank~ oa·
hoard. It, hadn~ numerous groo\"eS in its op· I bom·ds and the condnctoa·s in such ~rom·e:-~~ a
pt•r surthce. :md iuto these groo,·es the con-j tilling of asphalt introchtce1l into such gt·no\·t:'s
dnctot·s tt are laid. It is generally best to ~up- I mul arouutl tue lmal"tls, ~nustu.nt.inlly as :o\et
ply these telegraph-wires from reel~ that are to1-th.
cJm,ru along the top edge of the pipe or case I
6, and plauks or boards A a.-e laid succes- A. D. 1878.
Siguetl b~- me this l!lth (h\y of :s-o,·emher,
sil"ely upon the bitumen, the groo,·es matching JA)lES S. PIERSOX.
~h other.
llelted bitumen or asphalt is poure<l upou
I Witnesses :
GEo. T. PI~CI~~EY,
the bmwcls A, and in sufficient quantities to WILLIAlt G. )[OT1'.

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 COINCIDED DIRECTLY WITH THE MAJOR ARTERY OF
-~; ::, fim MAJOR VRIL ARTERY. OF A REGION.
. SUCH SITES ARE POTENTIAL TRANSMUTORS OF BEING.

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