Priming

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Priming

how social media context (contextual primes) affects the response of publics to corporate postings on social media

This requires a shift in public relations from a monologic model to a dialogic model—we’re more responsible
than ever for conversation management, not just sending out news releases and talking to shareholders

Priming holds that the human brain likes to take shortcuts,

priming effect often takes place completely unconsciously

Many times people are completely unaware that they are interpreting information differently as a result of this
priming

Wang (2007) for a premier example of this research. Participants were variously exposed to messages that
contained priming, framing, priming and framing, or none of the above. The study found that those who were
exposed to
priming messages used those messages in analyzing a later piece of information about an organization. Wang
argues that
public relations practitioners are primarily “prime and frame strategists,” emphasizing the importance of
understanding
these effects.

the tone of social media postings is a fair assessment of actual opinions and emotions (O’Connor,
Balasubramanyan, Routledge, & Smith, 2010).

Thus, it does seem


that the tone of the context surrounding corporate social media postings does have the potential to prime for a
positive or
negative reception of those messages, and therefore have a positive or negative impact on attitudes towards
organizations
One matter currently in hot debate is the applicability of traditional media effects models, such as framing, agenda
setting, and priming (Scheufele & Tewksbury, 2007), in the world of social media. Some evidence exists to suggest
that priming theory may still be a powerful tool in the web era (Mandel & Johnson, 2002), but more work is still
needed. It is difficult to determine how social media context (contextual primes) affects the response of publics to
corporate postings on social media. Many public relations departments are on various social media outlets having
these symmetrical conversations, but are many times paying little attention to the context in which they are taking
part in these conversations. Social media is drastically transforming the balance of power in the realm of public
relations. Prior to these new media, the power was primarily in the hands of the organization that held the brand
and the few news media outlets accessible to any given consumer.

The increased contextualization of social media (Marwick & boyd, 2010) over other computer-mediated
communication, such as email (Sproull & Kiesler, 1986) can create risk, as already mentioned, but it can also create
potential benefits. Social media is creating more connections than ever between the internet and the physical world
(Qi, Aggarwal, Tian, Ji, & Huang, 2012; Kennedy, Naaman, Ahern, Nair, & Rattenbury, 2007). If we can better grasp
how the context of social media affects message reception and thus attitudes towards organizations, we should be
able to mediate the potential risk and actually use social media to increase positive attitudes

One of the primary theories used to study the effects of media context is priming (Scheufele & Tewksbury, 2007).
Priming holds that the human brain likes to take shortcuts, in essence. If it can use a recently employed structure to
interpret a new piece of information, it will do so (Valenzuela, 2009).

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