Electrical Machines - Vista Adacemy
Electrical Machines - Vista Adacemy
Electrical Machines - Vista Adacemy
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
MCQ 4.1 The slip of an induction motor normally does not depend on
(A) rotor speed (B) synchronous speed
(C) shaft torque (D) core-loss component
YEAR 2012
MCQ 4.2 A 220 V, 15 kW, 100 rpm shunt motor with armature resistance of 0.25 Ω,
has a rated line current of 68 A and a rated field current of 2.2 A. The
change in field flux required to obtain a speed of 1600 rpm while drawing a
line current of 52.8 A and a field current of 1.8 A is
(A) 18.18% increase (B) 18.18% decrease
(C) 36.36% increase (D) 36.36% decrease
MCQ 4.3 The locked rotor current in a 3-phase, star connected 15 kW, 4 pole, 230 V,
50 Hz induction motor at rated conditions is 50 A. Neglecting losses and
magnetizing current, the approximate locked rotor line current drawn when
the motor is connected to a 236 V, 57 Hz supply is
(A) 58.5 A (B) 45.0 A
(C) 42.7 A (D) 55.6 A
MCQ 4.5 A 4 point starter is used to start and control the speed of a
(A) dc shunt motor with armature resistance control
(B) dc shunt motor with field weakening control
(C) dc series motor
(D) dc compound motor
MCQ 4.6 A three phase, salient pole synchronous motor is connected to an infinite
bus. It is operated at no load a normal excitation. The field excitation of
the motor is first reduced to zero and then increased in reverse direction
gradually. Then the armature current.
(A) Increases continuously
(B) First increases and then decreases steeply
(C) First decreases and then increases steeply
(D) Remains constant
MCQ 4.7 A single phase air core transformer, fed from a rated sinusoidal supply, is
operating at no load. The steady state magnetizing current drawn by the
transformer from the supply will have the waveform
MCQ 4.8 A 220 V, DC shunt motor is operating at a speed of 1440 rpm. The armature
resistance is 1.0 Ω and armature current is 10 A. of the excitation of the
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MCQ 4.9 A three-phase 440 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, squirrel cage induction motor is running
at a slip of 5%. The speed of stator magnetic field to rotor magnetic field
and speed of rotor with respect of stator magnetic field are
(A) zero, − 5 rpm (B) zero, 955 rpm
(C) 1000 rpm, − 5 rpm (D) 1000 rpm, 955 rpm
MCQ 4.10 A Single-phase transformer has a turns ratio 1:2, and is connected to a
purely resistive load as shown in the figure. The magnetizing current drawn
is 1 A, and the secondary current is 1 A. If core losses and leakage reactances
are neglected, the primary current is
(C) Vs (D) Vs
(rs + rr ) + (Xm + Xr )
2 2
rs + (Xm + Xr ) 2
2
and the machines rotate at 1600 rpm. Subsequently the induction machine
is also connected to a 50 Hz, three-phase source, the phase sequence being
consistent with the direction of rotation. In steady state
MCQ 4.13 A balanced star-connected and purely resistive load is connected at the
secondary of a star-delta transformer as shown in figure. The line-to line
voltage rating of the transformer is 110 V/200 V.
Neglecting the non-idealities of the transformer, the impedance Z of
the equivalent star-connected load, referred to the primary side of the
transformer, is
MCQ 4.15 For the motor to deliver a torque of 2.5 Nm at 1400 rpm, the armature
voltage to be applied is
(A) 125.5 V (B) 193.3 V
(C) 200 V (D) 241.7 V
MCQ 4.17 The single phase, 50 Hz iron core transformer in the circuit has both the
vertical arms of cross sectional area 20 cm2 and both the horizontal arms of
cross sectional area 10 cm2 . If the two windings shown were wound instead
on opposite horizontal arms, the mutual inductance will
MCQ 4.19 A 200 V, 50 Hz, single-phase induction motor has the following connection
diagram and winding orientations as shown. MM’ is the axis of the main
stator winding(M1 M2) and AA’ is that of the auxiliary winding(A1 A2).
Directions of the winding axis indicate direction of flux when currents in
the windings are in the directions shown. Parameters of each winding are
indicated. When switch S is closed the motor
MCQ 4.22 Figure shows the extended view of a 2-pole dc machine with 10 armature
conductors. Normal brush positions are shown by A and B, placed at the
interpolar axis. If the brushes are now shifted, in the direction of rotation,
to A’ and B’ as shown, the voltage waveform VA'B' will resemble
The star-delta transformer shown above is excited on the star side with
balanced, 4-wire, 3-phase, sinusoidal voltage supply of rated magnitude. The
transformer is under no load condition
MCQ 4.23 With both S1 and S2 open, the core flux waveform will be
(A) a sinusoid at fundamental frequency
(B) flat-topped with third harmonic
(C) peaky with third-harmonic
(D) none of these
MCQ 4.24 With S2 closed and S1 open, the current waveform in the delta winding will be
(A) a sinusoid at fundamental frequency
(B) flat-topped with third harmonic
(C) only third-harmonic
(D) none of these
The figure above shows coils-1 and 2, with dot markings as shown, having
4000 and 6000 turns respectively. Both the coils have a rated current of 25
A. Coil-1 is excited with single phase, 400 V, 50 Hz supply.
400
MCQ 4.25 The coils are to be connected to obtain a single-phase, 1000 V,
auto-transformer to drive a load of 10 kVA. Which of the options given
should be exercised to realize the required auto-transformer ?
(A) Connect A and D; Common B
(B) Connect B and D; Common C
(C) Connect A and C; Common B
(D) Connect A and C; Common D
MCQ 4.26 In the autotransformer obtained in Question 16, the current in each coil is
(A) Coil-1 is 25 A and Coil-2 is 10 A
(B) Coil-1 is 10 A and Coil-2 is 25 A
(C) Coil-1 is 10 A and Coil-2 is 15 A
(D) Coil-1 is 15 A and Coil-2 is 10 A
MCQ 4.27 Distributed winding and short chording employed in AC machines will result
in
(A) increase in emf and reduction in harmonics
(B) reduction in emf and increase in harmonics
(C) increase in both emf and harmonics
(D) reduction in both emf and harmonics
MCQ 4.28 Three single-phase transformer are connected to form a 3-phase transformer
bank. The transformers are connected in the following manner :
MCQ 4.31 A 230 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, single-phase induction motor is rotating in the
clockwise (forward) direction at a speed of 1425 rpm. If the rotor resistance
at standstill is 7.8 Ω, then the effective rotor resistance in the backward
branch of the equivalent circuit will be
(A) 2 Ω (B) 4 Ω
(C) 78 Ω (D) 156 Ω
The induced emf (ers) in the secondary winding as a function of time will be
of the form
MCQ 4.34 A 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, 1400 rpm, star connected squirrel cage induction
motor has the following parameters referred to the stator:
R'r = 1.0 Ω, Xs = X'r = 1.5 Ω
Neglect stator resistance and core and rotational losses of the motor. The
motor is controlled from a 3-phase voltage source inverter with constant V/f
control. The stator line-to-line voltage(rms) and frequency to obtain the
maximum torque at starting will be :
(A) 20.6 V, 2.7 Hz (B) 133.3 V, 16.7 Hz
(C) 266.6 V, 33.3 Hz (D) 323.3 V, 40.3 Hz
MCQ 4.36 Neglecting all losses of both the machines, the dc generator power output
and the current through resistance (Rex) will respectively be
(A) 96 W, 3.10 A (B) 120 W, 3.46 A
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MCQ 4.38 The external resistance to be added in the armature circuit to limit the
armature current to 125% of its rated value is
(A) 31.1 Ω (B) 31.9 Ω
(C) 15.1 Ω (D) 15.9 Ω
MCQ 4.40 Keeping the excitation voltage same, the load on the motor is increased such
that the motor current increases by 20%. The operating power factor will
become
(A) 0.995 lagging (B) 0.995 leading
(C) 0.791 lagging (D) 0.848 leading
MCQ 4.42 The dc motor, which can provide zero speed regulation at full load without
any controller is
(A) series (B) shunt
(C) cumulative compound (D) differential compound
MCQ 4.43 The electromagnetic torque Te of a drive and its connected load torque TL
are as shown below. Out of the operating points A, B, C and D, the stable
ones are
(A) A, C, D (B) B, C
(C) A, D (D) B, C, D
MCQ 4.46 A single-phase, 50 kVA, 250 V/500 V two winding transformer has an
efficiency of 95% at full load, unity power factor. If it is re-configured as a
500 V/750 V auto-transformer, its efficiency at its new rated load at unity
power factor will be
(A) 95.752% (B) 97.851%
(C) 98.276% (D) 99.241%
MCQ 4.47 A three-phase, three-stack, variable reluctance step motor has 20 poles on
each rotor and stator stack. The step angle of this step motor is
(A) 3c (B) 6c
(C) 9c (D) 18c
MCQ 4.48 A three-phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting torque of 150%
and a maximum torque of 300% with respect to rated torque at rated voltage
and rated frequency. Neglect the stator resistance and rotational losses. The
value of slip for maximum torque is
(A) 13.48% (B) 16.42%
(C) 18.92% (D) 26.79%
MCQ 4.50 If a star-delta starter is used to start this induction motor, the per unit
starting torque will be
(A) 0.607 (B) 0.816
(C) 1.225 (D) 1.616
MCQ 4.51 If a starting torque of 0.5 per unit is required then the per unit starting
current should be
(A) 4.65 (B) 3.75
(C) 3.16 (D) 2.13
(A) In an open circuit test, copper losses are obtained while in short circuit
test, core losses are obtained
(B) In an open circuit test, current is drawn at high power factor
(C) In a short circuit test, current is drawn at zero power factor
(D) In an open circuit test, current is drawn at low power factor
MCQ 4.53 For a single phase capacitor start induction motor which of the following
statements is valid ?
(A) The capacitor is used for power factor improvement
(B) The direction of rotation can be changed by reversing the main winding
terminals
(C) The direction of rotation cannot be changed
(D) The direction of rotation can be changed by interchanging the supply
terminals
MCQ 4.56 A synchronous generator is feeding a zero power factor (lagging) load at
rated current. The armature reaction is
(A) magnetizing (B) demagnetizing
(C) cross-magnetizing (D) ineffective
MCQ 4.57 Two transformers are to be operated in parallel such that they share load
in proportion to their kVA ratings. The rating of the first transformer is
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500 kVA ratings. The rating of the first transformer is 500 kVA and its pu
leakage impedance is 0.05 pu. If the rating of second transformer is 250 kVA,
its pu leakage impedance is
(A) 0.20 (B) 0.10
(C) 0.05 (D) 0.025
MCQ 4.58 The speed of a 4-pole induction motor is controlled by varying the supply
frequency while maintaining the ratio of supply voltage to supply frequency
(V/f ) constant. At rated frequency of 50 Hz and rated voltage of 400 V its
speed is 1440 rpm. Find the speed at 30 Hz, if the load torque is constant
(A) 882 rpm (B) 864 rpm
(C) 840 rpm (D) 828 rpm
MCQ 4.59 A 3-phase, 4-pole, 400 V 50 Hz , star connected induction motor has following
circuit parameters
r1 = 1.0 Ω, r'2 = 0.5 Ω, X1 = X'2 = 1.2 Ω, Xm = 35 Ω
The starting torque when the motor is started direct-on-line is (use
approximate equivalent circuit model)
(A) 63.6 Nm (B) 74.3 Nm
(C) 190.8 Nm (D) 222.9 Nm
MCQ 4.60 A 3-phase, 10 kW, 400 V, 4-pole, 50Hz, star connected induction motor
draws 20 A on full load. Its no load and blocked rotor test data are given
below.
No Load Test : 400 V 6A 1002 W
Blocked Rotor Test : 90 V 15 A 762 W
Neglecting copper loss in no load test and core loss in blocked rotor test,
estimate motor’s full load efficiency
(A) 76% (B) 81%
(C) 82.4% (D) 85%
MCQ 4.61 A 3-phase, 400 V, 5 kW, star connected synchronous motor having an internal
reactance of 10 Ω is operating at 50% load, unity p.f. Now, the excitation is
increased by 1%. What will be the new load in percent, if the power factor
is to be kept same ? Neglect all losses and consider linear magnetic circuit.
(A) 67.9% (B) 56.9%
(C) 51% (D) 50%
MCQ 4.63 The line-to-line induced emf(in volts), for a three phase connection is
approximately
(A) 1143 (B) 1332
(C) 1617 (D) 1791
MCQ 4.64 The fifth harmonic component of phase emf(in volts), for a three phase star
connection is
(A) 0 (B) 269
(C) 281 (D) 808
MCQ 4.66 What is the maximum efficiency (in %) at unity p.f. load ?
(A) 95.1 (B) 96.2
(C) 96.4 (D) 98.1
MCQ 4.67 The equivalent circuit of a transformer has leakage reactances X1, X'2 and
magnetizing reactance XM . Their magnitudes satisfy
(A) X1 >> X'2 >> XM (B) X1 << X'2 << XM
MCQ 4.69 On the torque/speed curve of the induction motor shown in the figure four
points of operation are marked as W, X, Y and Z. Which one of them
represents the operation at a slip greater than 1 ?
(A) W (B) X
(C) Y (D) Z
MCQ 4.70 For an induction motor, operation at a slip s , the ration of gross power
output to air gap power is equal to
(A) (1 − s) 2 (B) (1 − s)
(C) (1 − s) (D) (1 − s)
MCQ 4.71 Two magnetic poles revolve around a stationary armature carrying two coil
(c1 − c1l , c2 − c2l ) as shown in the figure. Consider the instant when the poles
are in a position as shown. Identify the correct statement regarding the
polarity of the induced emf at this instant in coil sides c1 and c2 .
MCQ 4.72 A 50 kW dc shunt is loaded to draw rated armature current at any given
speed. When driven
(i) at half the rated speed by armature voltage control and
(ii) at 1.5 times the rated speed by field control, the respective output
powers delivered by the motor are approximately.
MCQ 4.73 In relation to the synchronous machines, which on of the following statements
is false ?
(A) In salient pole machines, the direct-axis synchronous reactance is greater
than the quadrature-axis synchronous reactance.
(B) The damper bars help the synchronous motor self start.
(C) Short circuit ratio is the ratio of the field current required to produces
the rated voltage on open circuit to the rated armature current.
(D) The V-cure of a synchronous motor represents the variation in the
armature current with field excitation, at a given output power.
MCQ 4.74 In relation to DC machines, match the following and choose the correct
combination
List-I List-II
Performance Variables Proportional to
P. Armature emf (E ) 1. Flux(φ), speed (ω) and armature
current (Ia)
Q. Developed torque (T ) 2. φ and ω only
R Developed power (P ) 3. φ and Ia only
4. Ia and ω only
5. Ia only
Codes:
P Q R
(A) 3 3 1
(B) 2 5 4
(C) 3 5 4
(D) 2 3 1
MCQ 4.75 Under no load condition, if the applied voltage to an induction motor is
reduced from the rated voltage to half the rated value,
(A) the speed decreases and the stator current increases
(B) both the speed and the stator current decreases
(C) the speed and the stator current remain practically constant
(D) there is negligible change in the speed but the stator current decreases
switching at the rated voltage. If the starting current drawn is 6 times the
full load current, and the full load slip is 4%, then ratio of the starting
developed torque to the full load torque is approximately equal to
(A) 0.24 (B) 1.44
(C) 2.40 (D) 6.00
MCQ 4.77 In a single phase induction motor driving a fan load, the reason for having
a high resistance rotor is to achieve
(A) low starting torque (B) quick acceleration
(C) high efficiency (D) reduced size
MCQ 4.78 Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following assertion[A] and the
reason[R]
Assertion [A] : Under V/f control of induction motor, the maximum value
of the developed torque remains constant over a wide range of speed in the
sub-synchronous region.
Reason [R] : The magnetic flux is maintained almost constant at the rated
value by keeping the ration V/f constant over the considered speed range.
(A) Both [A] and [R] are true and [R] is the correct reason for [A]
(B) Both [A] and [R] are true and but [R] is not the correct reason for [A]
(C) Both [A] and [R] are false
(D) [A] is true but [R] is false
MCQ 4.81 A 500 kVA, 3-phase transformer has iron losses of 300 W and full load
copper losses of 600 W. The percentage load at which the transformer is
expected to have maximum efficiency is
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MCQ 4.82 For a given stepper motor, the following torque has the highest numerical
value
(A) Detent torque (B) Pull-in torque
(C) Pull-out torque (D) Holding torque
MCQ 4.83 The following motor definitely has a permanent magnet rotor
(A) DC commutator motor (B) Brushless dc motor
(C) Stepper motor (D) Reluctance motor
MCQ 4.84 The type of single-phase induction motor having the highest power factor
at full load is
(A) shaded pole type (B) split-phase type
(C) capacitor-start type (D) capacitor-run type
MCQ 4.85 The direction of rotation of a 3-phase induction motor is clockwise when it
is supplied with 3-phase sinusoidal voltage having phase sequence A-B-C.
For counter clockwise rotation of the motor, the phase sequence of the power
supply should be
(A) B-C-A (B) C-A-B
(C) A-C-B (D) B-C-A or C-A-B
MCQ 4.86 For a linear electromagnetic circuit, the following statement is true
(A) Field energy is equal to the co-energy
(B) Field energy is greater than the co-energy
(C) Field energy is lesser than the co-energy
(D) Co-energy is zero
MCQ 4.87 The synchronous speed for the seventh space harmonic mmf wave of a
3-phase, 8-pole, 50 Hz induction machine is
(A) 107.14 rpm in forward direction
(B) 107.14 rpm in reverse direction
(C) 5250 rpm in forward direction
(D) 5250 rpm in reverse direction
MCQ 4.88 A rotating electrical machine its self-inductances of both the stator and
the rotor windings, independent of the rotor position will be definitely not
develop
(A) starting torque (B) synchronizing torque
(C) hysteresis torque (D) reluctance torque
MCQ 4.91 The resistance and reactance of a 100 kVA, 11000/400 V, 3− Y distribution
transformer are 0.02 and 0.07 pu respectively. The phase impedance of the
transformer referred to the primary is
(A) (0.02 + j0.07) Ω (B) (0.55 + j1.925) Ω
(C) (15.125 + j52.94) Ω (D) (72.6 + j254.1) Ω
MCQ 4.92 A single-phase, 230 V, 50 Hz 4-pole, capacitor-start induction motor had the
following stand-still impedances
Main winding Zm = 6.0 + j4.0 Ω
Auxiliary winding Za = 8.0 + j6.0 Ω
The value of the starting capacitor required to produce 90c phase difference
between the currents in the main and auxiliary windings will be
(A) 176.84 μF (B) 187.24 μF
(C) 265.26 μF (D) 280.86 μF
MCQ 4.93 Two 3-phase, Y-connected alternators are to be paralleled to a set of common
busbars. The armature has a per phase synchronous reactance of 1.7 Ω
and negligible armature resistance. The line voltage of the first machine is
adjusted to 3300 V and that of the second machine is adjusted to 3200 V.
The machine voltages are in phase at the instant they are paralleled. Under
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MCQ 4.94 A 400 V, 15 kW, 4-pole, 50Hz, Y-connected induction motor has full load
slip of 4%. The output torque of the machine at full load is
(A) 1.66 Nm (B) 95.50 Nm
(C) 99.47 Nm (D) 624.73 Nm
MCQ 4.95 For a 1.8c, 2-phase bipolar stepper motor, the stepping rate is
100 steps/second. The rotational speed of the motor in rpm is
(A) 15 (B) 30
(C) 60 (D) 90
MCQ 4.97 A 400 V, 50 kVA, 0.8 p.f. leading 3-connected, 50 Hz synchronous machine
has a synchronous reactance of 2 Ω and negligible armature resistance. The
friction and windage losses are 2 kW and the core loss is 0.8 kW. The shaft
is supplying 9 kW load at a power factor of 0.8 leading. The line current
drawn is
(A) 12.29 A (B) 16.24 A
(C) 21.29 A (D) 36.88 A
MCQ 4.98 A 500 MW, 3-phase, Y-connected synchronous generator has a rated voltage
of 21.5 kV at 0.85 p.f. The line current when operating at full load rated
conditions will be
(A) 13.43 kA (B) 15.79 kA
(C) 23.25 kA (D) 27.36 kA
MCQ 4.99 A simple phase transformer has a maximum efficiency of 90% at full load
and unity power factor. Efficiency at half load at the same power factor is
(A) 86.7% (B) 88.26%
(C) 88.9% (D) 87.8%
MCQ 4.100 Group-I lists different applications and Group-II lists the motors for these
applications. Match the application with the most suitable motor and choose
the right combination among the choices given thereafter
Group-I Group-II
P. Food mixer 1. Permanent magnet dc motor
Q Cassette tape recorder 2. Single-phase induction motor
R. Domestic water pump 3. Universal motor
S. Escalator 4. Three-phase induction motor
5. DC series motor
6. Stepper motor
Codes:
P Q R S
(A) 3 6 4 5
(B) 1 3 2 4
(C) 3 1 2 4
(D) 3 2 1 4
MCQ 4.101 A stand alone engine driven synchronous generator is feeding a partly
inductive load. A capacitor is now connected across the load to completely
nullify the inductive current. For this operating condition.
(A) the field current and fuel input have to be reduced
(B) the field current and fuel input have to be increased
(C) the field current has to be increased and fuel input left unaltered
(D) the field current has to be reduced and fuel input left unaltered
MCQ 4.102 Curves X and Y in figure denote open circuit and full-load zero power
factor(zpf) characteristics of a synchronous generator. Q is a point on the
zpf characteristics at 1.0 p.u. voltage. The vertical distance PQ in figure
gives the voltage drop across
MCQ 4.103 No-load test on a 3-phase induction motor was conducted at different supply
voltage and a plot of input power versus voltage was drawn. This curve was
extrapolated to intersect the y-axis. The intersection point yields
(A) Core loss (B) Stator copper loss
(C) Stray load loss (D) Friction and windage loss
MCQ 4.104 Figure shows an ideal single-phase transformer. The primary and secondary
coils are wound on the core as shown. Turns ratio N1 /N2 = 2 .The correct
phasors of voltages E1, E2 , currents I1, I2 and core flux Φ are as shown in
MCQ 4.105 To conduct load test on a dc shunt motor, it is coupled to a generator which
is identical to the motor. The field of the generator is also connected to the
same supply source as the motor. The armature of generator is connected
to a load resistance. The armature resistance is 0.02 p.u. Armature reaction
and mechanical losses can be neglected. With rated voltage across the motor,
the load resistance across the generator is adjusted to obtain rated armature
current in both motor and generator. The p.u value of this load resistance is
(A) 1.0 (B) 0.98
(C) 0.96 (D) 0.94
MCQ 4.107 Figure shows an ideal three-winding transformer. The three windings 1,
2, 3 of the transformer are wound on the same core as shown. The turns
ratio N1: N2: N3 is 4: 2: 1. A resistor of 10 Ω is connected across winding-2.
A capacitor of reactance 2.5 Ω is connected across winding-3. Winding-1 is
connected across a 400 V, ac supply. If the supply voltage phasor V1 = 400+0%
, the supply current phasor I1 is given by
MCQ 4.108 Following are some of the properties of rotating electrical machines
P. Stator winding current is dc, rotor winding current is ac.
Q. Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is dc.
R. Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is ac.
S. Stator has salient poles and rotor has commutator.
T. Rotor has salient poles and sliprings and stator is cylindrical.
U. Both stator and rotor have poly-phase windings.
DC machines, Synchronous machines and Induction machines exhibit some
of the above properties as given in the following table.
Indicate the correct combination from this table
The following table gives four set of statement as regards poles and torque.
Select the correct set corresponding to the mmf axes as shown in figure.
MCQ 4.110 A 4-pole, 3-phase, double-layer winding is housed in a 36-slot stator for an
ac machine with 60c phase spread. Coil span is 7 short pitches. Number of
slots in which top and bottom layers belong to different phases is
(A) 24 (B) 18
(C) 12 (D) 0
MCQ 4.111 A 3-phase induction motor is driving a constant torque load at rated voltage
and frequency. If both voltage and frequency are halved, following statements
relate to the new condition if stator resistance, leakage reactance and core
loss are ignored
1. The difference between synchronous speed and actual speed remains same
2. The airgap flux remains same
3. The stator current remains same
4. The p.u. slip remains same
Among the above, current statements are
(A) All (B) 1, 2 and 3
(C) 2, 3 and 4 (D) 1 and 4
MCQ 4.112 A single-phase induction motor with only the main winding excited would
exhibit the following response at synchronous speed
(A) Rotor current is zero
(B) Rotor current is non-zero and is at slip frequency
(C) Forward and backward rotaling fields are equal
(D) Forward rotating field is more than the backward rotating field
MCQ 4.113 A dc series motor driving and electric train faces a constant power load. It
is running at rated speed and rated voltage. If the speed has to be brought
down to 0.25 p.u. the supply voltage has to be approximately brought down
to
(A) 0.75 p.u (B) 0.5 p.u
(C) 0.25 p.u (D) 0.125 p.u
MCQ 4.114 If a 400 V, 50 Hz, star connected, 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor is
operated from a 400 V, 75 Hz supply, the torque that the motor can now
provide while drawing rated current from the supply
(A) reduces
(B) increases
(C) remains the same
(D) increases or reduces depending upon the rotor resistance
MCQ 4.115 A dc series motor fed from rated supply voltage is over-loaded and its
magnetic circuit is saturated. The torque-speed characteristic of this motor
will be approximately represented by which curve of figure ?
MCQ 4.116 A 1 kVA, 230 V/100 V, single phase, 50 Hz transformer having negligible
winding resistance and leakage inductance is operating under saturation,
while 250 V, 50 Hz sinusoidal supply is connected to the high voltage winding.
A resistive load is connected to the low voltage winding which draws rated
current. Which one of the following quantities will not be sinusoidal ?
(A) Voltage induced across the low voltage winding
(B) Core flux
(C) Load current
(D) Current drawn from the source
MCQ 4.118 A 200 V, 2000 rpm, 10 A, separately excited dc motor has an armature
resistance of 2 Ω. Rated dc voltage is applied to both the armature and field
winding of the motor. If the armature drawn 5 A from the source, the torque
developed by the motor is
(A) 4.30 Nm (B) 4.77 Nm
(C) 0.45 Nm (D) 0.50 Nm
MCQ 4.119 The rotor of a three phase, 5 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz, slip ring induction motor
is wound for 6 poles while its stator is wound for 4 poles. The approximate
average no load steady state speed when this motor is connected to 400 V,
50 Hz supply is
(A) 1500 rpm (B) 500 rpm
(C) 0 rpm (D) 1000 rpm
MCQ 4.120 The flux per pole in a synchronous motor with the field circuit ON and
the stator disconnected from the supply is found to be 25 mWb. When the
stator is connected to the rated supply with the field excitation unchanged,
the flux per pole in the machine is found to be 20 mWb while the motor is
running on no load. Assuming no load losses to be zero, the no load current
drawn by the motor from the supply
(A) lags the supply voltage
(B) leads the supply voltage
(C) is in phase with the supply voltage
(D) is zero
MCQ 4.121 *A 230 V, 250 rpm, 100 A separately excited dc motor has an armature
resistance of 0.5 Ω. The motor is connected to 230 V dc supply and rated
dc voltage is applied to the field winding. It is driving a load whose torque-
speed characteristic is given by TL = 500 − 10 ω , where ω is the rotational
speed expressed in rad/sec and TL is the load torque in Nm. Find the steady
state speed at which the motor will drive the load and the armature current
drawn by it from the source. Neglect the rotational losses of the machine.
MCQ 4.122 *A single phase 6300 kVA, 50 Hz, 3300 V/ 400 V distribution transformer is
connected between two 50 Hz supply systems, A and B as shown in figure.
The transformer has 12 and 99 turns in the low and high voltage windings
respectively. The magnetizing reactance of the transformer referred to the
high voltage side is 500 Ω. The leakage reactance of the high and low voltage
windings are 1.0 Ω and 0.012 Ω respectively. Neglect the winding resistance
and core losses of the transformer. The Thevenin voltage of system A is 3300
V while that of system B is 400 V. The short circuit reactance of system A
and B are 0.5 Ω and 0.010 Ω respectively. If no power is transferred between
A and B, so that the two system voltages are in phase, find the magnetizing
ampere turns of the transformer.
MCQ 4.123 *A 440 V, 50 Hz, 6 pole, 960 rpm star connected induction machine has the
following per phase parameters referred to the stator :
Rs = 0.6 Ω, Rr = 0.3 Ω, Xs = 1 Ω
The magnetizing reactance is very high and is neglected. The machine is
connected to the 440 V, 50 Hz supply and a certain mechanical load is
coupled to it. It is found that the magnitude of the stator current is equal
to the rated current of the machine but the machine is running at a speed
higher than its rated speed. Find the speed at which the machine is running.
Also find the torque developed by the machine.
MCQ 4.124 A 415 V, 2-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz, star connected, non-salient pole synchronous
motor has synchronous reactance of 2 Ω per phase and negligible stator resistance.
At a particular field excitation, it draws 20 A at unity power factor from a 415
V, 3-phase, 50 Hz supply. The mechanical load on the motor is now increased
till the stator current is equal to 50 A. The field excitation remains unchanged.
Determine :
(a) the per phase open circuit voltage E 0
(b) the developed power for the new operating condition and corresponding
power factor.
MCQ 4.125 The core flux of a practical transformer with a resistive load
(A) is strictly constant with load changes
(B) increases linearly with load
(C) increases as the square root of the load
(D) decreases with increased load
MCQ 4.126 Xd , Xld and X md are steady state d -axis synchronous reactance, transient d
-axis reactance and sub-transient d -axis reactance of a synchronous machine
respectively. Which of the following statements is true ?
(A) Xd > Xld > X md (B) X md > Xld > Xd
(C) Xld > X md > Xd (D) Xd > X md > Xld
100 Hz
(D) time-varying with an average value of VI cos φ and a frequency of 50 Hz
MCQ 4.128 In the protection of transformers, harmonic restraint is used to guard against
(A) magnetizing inrush current (B) unbalanced operation
(C) lightning (D) switching over-voltages
MCQ 4.129 In case of an armature controlled separately excited dc motor drive with
closed-loop speed control, an inner current loop is useful because it
(A) limits the speed of the motor to a safe value
(B) helps in improving the drive energy efficiency
(C) limits the peak current of the motor to the permissible value
(D) reduces the steady state speed error
MCQ 4.130 An electric motor with “constant output power” will have a
torque-speed characteristics in the form of a
(A) straight line through the origin
(B) straight line parallel to the speed axis
(C) circle about the origin
(D) rectangular hyperbola
MCQ 4.131 *An ideal transformer has a linear B/H characteristic with a finite slope
and a turns ratio of 1 : 1. The primary of the transformer is energized with
an ideal current source, producing the signal i as shown in figure. Sketch
the shape (neglecting the scale factor ) of the following signals, labeling the
time axis clearly
(a) the core flux φoc with the secondary of the transformer open
(b) the open-circuited secondary terminal voltage v2 ^ t h
(c) the short-circuited secondary current i2 ^ t h, and
(d) the core flux φsc with the secondary of the transformer short-circuited
MCQ 4.132 *In a dc motor running at 2000 rpm, the hysteresis and eddy current losses
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are 500 W and 200 W respectively. If the flux remains constant, calculate
the speed at which the total iron losses are halved.
MCQ 4.133 *A dc series motor is rated 230 V, 1000 rpm, 80 A (refer to figure). The
series field resistance is 0.11 Ω, and the armature resistance is 0.14 Ω. If
the flux at an armature current of 20 A is 0.4 times of that under rated
condition, calculate the speed at this reduced armature current of 20 A.
MCQ 4.134 *A 50 kW synchronous motor is tested by driving it by another motor.
When the excitation is not switched on, the driving motor takes
800 W. When the armature is short-circuited and the rated armature
current of 10 A is passed through it, the driving motor requires
2500 W. On open-circuiting the armature with rated excitation, the driving
motor takes 1800 W. Calculate the efficiency of the synchronous motor at
50% load. Neglect the losses in the driving motor.
MCQ 4.135 *Two identical synchronous generators, each of 100 MVA, are working in
parallel supplying 100 MVA at 0.8 lagging p.f. at rated voltage. Initially the
machines are sharing load equally. If the field current of first generator is
reduced by 5% and of the second generator increased by 5%, find the sharing
of load (MW and MVAR) between the generators.
Assume Xd = Xq = 0.8 p.u , no field saturation and rated voltage across load.
Reasonable approximations may be made.
SOLUTION
φ
E1= a n1 kc 1 m
E2 n 2 φ2
203.55 = 1000 φ1
207.45 b 1600 lc φ2 m
φ 2 = 0.6369φ1
φ1 − φ2 φ − 0.6369φ1
% reduce in flux = 100 = 1 # 100
φ1 # φ1
- 36.3%
I2 = E2 = E2 \ E2
X2 ωL 2 f
I2l b 236 lb 50 l
So 50 = 230 57
I2l = 45.0 A
b 2V1 lc Xm1 m
Im1 = V1 : Xm2 = V1 2 Xm1 (V2 = 2V1)
Im2 V2 Xm1
Im2 = 2 Im1
Thus, magnetizing current of second transformer
Im2 = 2 # 0.5 = 0.707 A
Since voltage of second transformer is twice that of first and current is 2
times that of first, so power will be 2 2 times of first transformer.
P2 = 2 2 # 55 = 155.6 W
Now the flux is reduced by 10% keeping the torque to be constant, so the
current will be
Ia φ1 = Ia φ2
1 2
φ
Ia = Ia 1 = 10 # 1 = 11.11 A ` φ2 = 0.9φ1
2 1
φ2 0.9
Eb \ Nφ
Eb Nφ
& = 2 2 = 0.9
2
N1 = N 2
Eb 1
N1 φ 1
Eb = 0.9Eb = 0.9 # 210 = 189 V
2 1
In the steady state both the rotor and stator magnetic fields rotate in
synchronism , so the speed of rotor field with respect to stator field would
be zero.
Speed of rotor which respect to stator field
= nr − ns = 950 − 1000 =− 50 rpm
None of the option matches the correct answer.
N2 Eb 2
When both S1 and S2 open, star connection consists 3rd harmonics in line
current due to hysteresis A saturation.
N1 = 4000
N2 = 6000
I = 25 A
V = 400 V , f = 50 Hz
Coil are to be connected to obtain a single Phase, 400 V auto transfer to
1000
drive Load 10 kVA
Connected A & D common B
So,
Input power in stator = 3 # 400 # 50 # 0.8 = 27.71 kW
Air gap power = 27.71 − 1.5 − 1.2 = 25.01 kW
So V2 = f2 # 8 = 16.7 # 8 = 133.3 V
Hence (B) is correct option.
So Ia = 12 # 1.25 = 474
Ra + R external
Ra + R external = 31.6
R external = 31.1 Ω
The shunt motor provides speed regulation at full load without any controller.
When the 3-φ synchronous motor running at full load and unity power
factor and shaft load is reduced half but field current is constant then it
gives leading power factor.
Efficiency 95% = 50 # 1 # 1
50 # Wcu + Wi
So Wcu + Wi = 2.631
Reconfigured as a 500 V/750 V auto-transformer
auto-transformer efficiency
η= 150 = 98.276%
150 + 2.631
bTFl l # # Fl
TSt = ISt 2 x2 S
TFl
1.5 = (7) 2 # x2 # 0.05
x = 78.252%
b I Fl l # Fl
TSt = 1 ISt 2 S = 1 72 0.05
TFl 3 # 3# #
TSt = 0.816
TFl
b I Fl l # Fl
So, TSt = Isc 2 S
TFl
0.5 = b Isc l # 0.05
2
I Fl
Per unit starting current
Isc = 0.5 = 3.16 A
I Fl 0.05
The two windings are displaced 90c in space. The direction of rotation can
be changed by reversing the main winding terminals.
= 200 + 20 # 0.2
Eg = 204 volt
for motor Em = V − Ia Ra
= 200 − 20 # 0.2
Em = 196 volt
Eg N φ
So = g # g
Em Nm φm
204 N
= g # 1
196 Nm 1.1
Nm = 196 = 0.87
Ng 204 # 1.1
T \ cV m S
2
f
S2 = V1 2 f2 T2
S1 bV2 l # f1 # T1
So
Given T1 = T2
S2 = 0.04 # b 400 l # 30
2
Then
240 50
S2 = 0.066
Nr = Ns (1 − S)
120f
Nr =
P
So Nr = 120 # 30 ^1 − 0.066h = 840.6 rpm
4
15
Total losses = 1354.67 + 1002 = 2356.67
Efficiency = 10000 100 = 81%
10000 + 2356.67 #
internal reactance = 10 Ω
Operating at 50% load, unity power factor, 400 V, 5 kW
Excitation increased = 1%
So,
full load current
I Fl = 5 # 103 = 7.22
3 # 400 # 1
E 2 = (V cos θ − Ia Ra) 2 + (V sin θ − Ia Xs) 2
c 3m ^ # h
So, E = 400 2 + 10 3.6 2 = 2133.7289
EL = 1400 V (approximate)
η% = 0.6956 # 1 # 300
0.6956 # 300 + 4.118 + 8.51 # (0.6956) 2
η = 96.20%
When the speed of the motor is in forward direction then slip varies from 0
to 1 but when speed of motor is in reverse direction or negative then slip is
greater then 1. So at point W slip is greater than 1.
Pnew = 50 = 25 kW
2
At 1.5 time the rated speed by field control
P = constant
So P = 50 kW
So
bTFl l = b I Fl l # S Fl
TSt ISt 2
2
2
E ph = c 6.5 m + (1.75) 2
3
6.5 2 + (1.75) 2
E ph = c 3m
E ph = 4.2 kV
EL = 3 E ph a Star connection
EL = 1.732 # 4.2 = 7.26 kV
αz = tan− 1 c m
3 # 1.75 = 24.6c
6.6
Vin = 3300 V
Vout = 3300 + 230 = 3530 V
Output current I2 and output voltage 230 V
So
3
I2 = 50 # 10 = 217.4 A
230
When the output voltage is Vout then kVA rating of auto transformer will be
I2 = 3530 # 217.4
= 767.42 kVA
Zm = Rm + Xm = 6.0 + j4.0 Ω
ZA = RA + XA = 8.0 + j6.0 Ω
Phase angle of main winding
+Im = + − Zm =− + (6 + j4) =− +33.7c
So angle of the auxiliary winding when the capacitor is in series.
j
+IA =− + (8 + j6) + 1 = + (8 + j6) −
jω C ωC
α = +IA − +Im
6− 1
So 90 =− tan >f
−1 ωC p − (− 33.7)H
8
1 = 18 ω = 2πf
ωC
So C = 1 = 1 = 176.8 μF
18 # 2πf 18 # 2 # 3.14 # 50
T = P , where ωs (1 − S) = 2πN
ωs (1 − S) 60
3
= 15 # 10 # 60 = 99.47 Nm
2π # 1440
So,
Step required for one revolution
= 360 = 200 steps
1.8
a Time required for one revolution = 2 seconds
rev/sec = 0.5 rps
and
rev/min = 30 rpm
Given open circuit and full-load zero power factor of a synchronous generator.
At point Q the zero power factor at 1.0 pu voltage. The voltage drop at
point PQ is across synchronous reactance.
Given that when the switch S 1 is closed and S 2 is open then the 11000 V is
step down at 415 V output
Second time when the switch S 1 is open and switch S 2 is closed then 2-phase
supply is connected to the transformer then the ratio of voltage is
V1 = N1 = 11000 = 26.50
V2 N2 415
The output terminal a and c are in opposite phase so cancelled with each
other and terminal is equal to zero volt.
T \ I2
W = 1 then T = 4
4
So current is increased 2 time and voltage brought down to 0.5 pu.
Second case when stator connected to rated supply then terminal voltage
decreases and current will lead from the supply voltage.
SOL 4.122 *
Given
12
Xl1 = b 99 l # 0.01 = 0.68
2
12
V l2 = b 99 l # 400 = 3300 V
12
now magnetizing current
Im = 3300 + 3300 = 13.1605 Amp
0.5 + 1.0 + 500 0.8167 + 0.68 + 500
magnetizing ampere turns
AT = 13.1605 # 99 = 1302.84 Ampereturns
120f
Ns = = 120 # 50 = 1000 rpm
P 6
slip = Ns − Nr = 1000 − 960 = 0.04
Ns 1000
Current I = V
Rlr 2
bRs + S l + (Xs + Xlr )
2
0.04
Torque Te = I 2 a k
3 2 r
ωs s
Te = 3 # 60 # (30.447) 2 # 0.3 = 199.18 N-m
2π # 1000 0.04
If it will work as generator than slip will be negative
S = Ns − Ne
Ns
− 0.4 = 1000 − Nr
1000
Nr = 1040 rpm
rated
N = 1000 rpm
Ia = 80 A
φ at Ia = 20 A is 0.4 times of rated.
we have to calucalte speed at I a' = 20 A
we know in case of series motor
N \ Eb /φ
N1 = Eb1 φ2
N2 Eb2 # φ1
Eb1 = V − Ia (Ra + R f ) = 230 − 80 (0.14 + 0.11) = 210 V
N1 = 1000 rpm
Eb2 = V − I a' (Ra + R f ) = 230 − 20 (0.25) = 225 V
N2 = ?
φ2 = 0.4φ1
Case I
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