5G Research

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5G Research
Chapter Overview

This chapter outlines current research projects related to various 5G aspects.

Contents:
- EU-founded FP7 ”Historical 5G projects” map
- Key FP7 5G projects overview: METIS, 5GNOW.
- Map of H2020 5G research projects from 5G-PPP Phase I and Phase II
- Key H2020 5G projects: METIS-II, 5G-NORMA, etc.
- Example H2020 5G-PPP Phase II projects overview: 5G-CAR, 5G-Transformer, etc.
- Key studied aspects: architecture, PHY, etc.
5G Research Projects Timeline
5G Research Projects Timeline
EU-FP7 and 5G-PPP

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020…

5G FP7 research projects

(pre-5G studies)
• METIS
• 5GNOW
• iJoin
• MOTO
• …

5G-PPP Phase 2 5G-PPP Phase 3

5G-PPP Phase 1
5G-PPP setup (Detailed research and (Experiments and
(Exploration)
optimization) trials)
• METIS-II • 5G-ESSENCE
• 5G-NORMA • 5G-City
• FANTASTIC-5G • 5G-MONARCH
• SPEED-5G • SLICE-NET
• COHERENT • 5Gtango
• … • …
FP7 5G Projects Map
5G Research Projects
FP7 5G Projects Map

METIS CROWD
(overall RAN (Dense networks and MOTO
architecture) dynamic backhaul) (Offloading schemes)

TROPIC iJOIN
(Distributed cloud
(RAN virtualization)
computing via SCs)
COMBO
(Novel FMC)
RAN

MCN
(End-to-end networks)
PHYLAWS 5GNOW
(PHY layer security) (Waveforms)

PHY Layer Networking

5G Research Projects
FP7 5G Selected Projects Overviews

METIS CROWD
(overall RAN (Dense networks and MOTO
architecture) dynamic backhaul) (Offloading schemes)

TROPIC iJOIN
(Distributed cloud
(RAN virtualization)
computing via SCs)
COMBO
(Novel FMC)
RAN

MCN
(End-to-end networks)
PHYLAWS 5GNOW
(PHY layer security) (Waveforms)

PHY Layer Networking

Key FP7 5G Projects: METIS
Key 5G Projects
FP7 METIS Overview (1/2)

Mobile and wireless communications Enablers Develop overall system concept for furture mobile and wireless communications system
for Twenty-twenty Information Society combining network topologies, radio links, multi-nodes and spectrum usage techniques.

METIS Design Approach

Technological Horizontal topics
components use cases

Device-to-device communications Multi-RAT / multi-

Radio link concepts
layer networks
Massive machine communications • Coexistence, collaboration
• Flexible air interface design
• New waveforms, MCS, TRx and interference mgmt.
design Moving networks • Traffic and mobility mgmt
• Multiple-access, MAC, RRM • Heterogeneous networks

Ultra dense networks

Multi-antenna /
Ultra-reliable communications Spectrum
multi-node
• Multi-antenna / Massive • Frequency bands
MIMO Architecture • Flexible spectrum access
• Multi-node coordination • Coexsistence
• Multi-hop communications
Key 5G Projects
FP7 METIS Overview (2/2)
METIS Outcome - 5G System Concept

Integrated Multi-RAT
concept…
mMTC xMBB uMTC • Integration of mMTC, xMBB, uMTC
• Spectrum-flexible multi-layer connectivity
• Separation of CP and UP
• Energy performance
Unified Radio Interface
/ Unified Control Plane

• UDN, nomadic networks, massive MIMO, D2D

• User device duality
Dynamic RAN • Node activation and deactivation via SON
…provided by
• Wireless multi-hop self-backhaul
technology enablers…

• Moving services to the Edge

Localized traffic flows • Emergency use cases
• Flat architecture to support reduced latency

• Wide spectrum range

• Different BWs
…and flexible Spectrum toolbox • Different access methods (licensed, assisted, shared)
architecture. • Operation with fragmented spectrum

5G Architecture
Key FP7 5G Projects: 5GNOW
Key 5G Projects
FP7 5GNOW Overview (1/2)

5th Generation Non-Orthogonal Question strict synchronism and orthogonality of OFDMA and develop new PHY
and MAC layer concepts better suited to meet the upcoming needs with respect
Waveforms for Asynchronous Signalling to service variety and heterogeneous transmission setups.

5GNOW Design Approach

System side
Future radio access
Sync requirement

Flexible
HetNet High attenuation of
sidelobes
High bandwidth Scalable
Fragmented spectrum
Tight backhaul and
Super-high data rate Cooperative schemes sync requirement
Services side

Reliable
(CoMP)
Tactile-internet
Robust
Sporadic and small
Very short TTI data
mMTC
Content aware

5G application scenarios demand radio access Synchronization and orthogonality is Relax synchronism requirement and
that cope with different requirements common drawback make sure all fit into one radio access
Key 5G Projects
FP7 5GNOW Overview (2/2) 5GNOW Outcomes

MAC Scheduler (Coordinator)

Typical • Hybrid (different schemes for
MTC services different traffic types)
5GNOW MAC services
scheduling
scheduling • Hierarchical (two stage
Unified MAC Design resource handling)

HetNet / Cell edge multi-layered

(e.g.CoMP) high data traffic Low data volume / low
(scheduled, OL sync) latency or high latency
5GNOW PHY-to-MAC Interface (sporadic / contention
based, OL sync)
Unified Frame Structure High volume data
services (scheduled,
CL sync) • Mixture of synchronous
and asynchronous traffic
• Flexible and adaptive to
Source: 5GNOW traffic mix

5GNOW PHY • GFDM

Non-Orthogonal Waveforms • UFMC
• FBMC
• BFDM
5GNOW Air Interface
Source: 5GNOW
H2020 5G Projects Map (5G-PPP Phase I)
5G Research Projects
5G-PPP Phase I Projects Map

5G-NORMA Superfluidity 5G-ENSURE SESAME 5GEx

(flexible SDN/NFV based (end-to-end cloud-based (overall security (Management and
(SC evolution)
architecture) network) architecture) Orchestration)

Architecture

5G-XHAUL 5G-CrossHaul CHARISMA SELFNET CogNET

(dynamic (converged transport
(transport network) (SON evolution) (SON evolution)
backhaul/fronthaul) network)

Transport Network Management

Flex5Gware mmMAGIC FANTASTIC-5G SPEED-5G COHERENT METIS-II

(HW and SW platforms (overall RAN
(mmWave air interface) (air interface design) (spectrum management) (RAN coordination)
for radio interface) architecture)

Radio Access and RAN

5G Research Projects
5G-PPP Phase I Selected Projects Overviews

5G-NORMA Superfluidity 5G-ENSURE SESAME 5GEx

(flexible SDN/NFV based (end-to-end cloud-based (overall security (Management and
(SC evolution)
architecture) network) architecture) Orchestration)

Architecture

5G-XHAUL 5G-CrossHaul CHARISMA SELFNET CogNET

(dynamic (converged transport
(transport network) (SON evolution) (SON evolution)
backhaul/fronthaul) network)

Transport Network Management

Flex5Gware mmMAGIC FANTASTIC-5G SPEED-5G COHERENT METIS-II

(HW and SW platforms (overall RAN
(mmWave air interface) (air interface design) (spectrum management) (RAN coordination)
for radio interface) architecture)

Radio Access and RAN

Key 5G Projects: H2020 METIS-II
Key 5G Projects
H2020 METIS-II Overview (1/4)

Mobile and wireless communications Develop the overall 5G radio access network design and provide the technical
enablers needed for an efficient integration and use of the various 5G
Enablers for Twenty-twenty Information Society-II technologies and components currently developed

A follow-up from FP7 METIS

METIS-II Design Approach
5 refined use cases in the 3 System component
”triangle corners”
Agile Resource Unified mobility
Management Framework framework
Dense Urban information society Dynamic approach to efficiently adapt Ensuring ubiquitous access via cross-
integrated 5G AI to varying traffic demand layer and cross-AI system access

Broadband access everywhere Common Control Plane Common User Plane

framework framework
Virtual reality office
Enable efficient support for variety of Enable efficient support for variety of
services and provide future-proof and services and provide future-proof and
Massive distribution of sensors and cost efficient implementation of 5G cost efficient implementation of 5G
actuators
Harmonized Air Interface Holistic spectrum
Connected cars framework management architecture
Enabling efficient integration of new Addressing spectrum crunch
and legacy AIs 5G RAN
Key 5G Projects
H2020 METIS-II Overview (2/4)
METIS-II Outcomes

UC Waveform – use case - frequency Resources definition

mMTC ”Extended”
Static access
nodes resources
(macro /
uMTC OFDM framework with different variations pico)
tailored to different service requirements Soft
Dynamic
and bands or different waveform families at capabilities
access
6GHz (processing
eMBB nodes
power,
(nomadic)
memory)
<6GHz 30GHz 70GHz f
Frequency,
time, power
Spectrum usage scenarios
Individual authorization General authorization
Access node Energy
Licensed Unlicensed extensios (network /
LSA mode
mode mode (RRH, D2D) device)

Spectrum Conventional
(unlicensed, resources
Dedicated Mutual renting Unlicensed shared)
Vertical
licensed (horizontal horizontal
sharing
spectrum sharing) sharing
Exclusive use Shared use f
Key 5G Projects
H2020 METIS-II Overview (3/4)

METIS-II Outcomes

AIVs and UP harmonization Architecture

UP aggregation at MAC UP aggregation at PDCP
NextGen Core Network
PDCP PDCP

RLC RLC1 RLC2 RLC3

Harmonized MAC
5G NB eLTE eNB
mMTC eMBB uMTC MAC1 MAC2 MAC3
MAC MAC MAC 5G NB eLTE eNB

PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY eLTE eNB 5G NB

AIVs can be related to Tight interworking with eLTE and CN/RAN split
• Service type • Standalone 5G connected to CN
• LTE-NR tight interworking • Non-standalone 5G connected via eLTE
• Multi-connectvity • Non-standalone eLTE connected via 5G
• Different bands • Standalone eLTE connected to CN
Key 5G Projects
H2020 METIS-II Overview (4/4) METIS-II Outcomes

Agile Resource Management (RM) Framework RAN Architecture

AIV-Agnostic RM Multi-AIV AIV-agnostic 5G-CN

coord. slice enabler
NG
Multi-AIV resource mapping
RAN- 5G-RAN
Dynamic Traffic Steering
moderation
Tight interworking with legacy RAT

CU
UP CP

Legacy AIV RM
AIV#2 Specific RM Legacy

DU
Interference AIV#1 Specific RM Real-time RRM UP CP
mgmt resource
Real-time resource mapping
AIV specific ctx mapping
Multi-service D2D group Power 5G AI
mgmt sched. sched. ctrl.
5G-UE

Hierarchical RRM framework Two-dimensional split

5G UE • Control-plane / user-plane
• Service type & RAT agnostic upper level RM
• Service type & RAT specific lower level RM • Central-unit / distributed-unit
Key 5G Projects: H2020 5G-NORMA
Key 5G Projects
H2020 5G-NORMA Overview (1/3)

Develop a novel, adaptive and future-proof 5G mobile network architecture, providing high network
5G Novel Radio Multiservice customisability, ensuring stringent performance, security, energy efficiency and openness. It should
adaptive network Architecture provide the necessary adaptability in a resource efficient way to handle fluctuations in traffic demand
and changing local context.

5G-NORMA Design Approach

Mobile network
multi-tenancy
Leverage the adaptability and efficiency of NFs and enable
Software Defined Mobile Network dynamic sharing and distribution of network resources
between MNOs. Support on-demand allocation of RAN
Control and CN resources
SDN principles application to mobile network functions

Joint optimization of mobile access Adaptive (de)composition and

and CN functions allocation of mobile NFs
CP and UP functions allocation and composition between network
Multi-service and context-
Optimization of the NFs when located together in the
network cloud or in Edge cloud cloud and Edge cloud depending on service and deployment aware adaptation of NFs
Support of varying services (with QoS requirements) and help to
increase energy-efficiency (selecting the most energy efficient
option)

Edge Network
cloud
Network cloud
Key 5G Projects
H2020 5G-NORMA Overview (2/3)
5G-NORMA Outcomes

Key 5G-NORMA
Network slicing Network programmability
concepts…
Multi-tenancy Context awareness
• Mobility scheme selection • QoE-to-QoS mapping
• Flexible connectivity • QoS monitoring

Software-Defined Mobile Network Management

• Management and orchestration of e2e
network slice instances
• Handling allocation of available
SDM-Orchestrator infrastructure resources within and
… use novel service across network slices

management
architecture…

• Controls shared NFs

• Enforces sharing rules and tenant
• Controls dedicated NFs
specific QoS/QoE targets
specific to a network slice SDM-Controller SDM-Coordinator • Arbitrates SLAs and prioritizes
resource allocation

… to acheive Reduced service Improved cost

Enhanced mobility
creation time efficiency
 Key 5G Projects
H2020 5G-NORMA Overview (3/3) 5G-NORMA Outcomes
Security Design

Features vs security aspects RAN Security Architecture From CN KAS

5G NORMA Feature Related security aspect Security fcns C-plane security fcn

Key usage
KAS From AKA KAS

NFV for RAN and Core NFV security (for central and distributed NFV
CP integrity
Network functions environments) KCint KCint
CP encryption
KCenc KCenc
Software defined mobile SDN security, specialized for SDMC

Key derivation
network control (SDMC) U-plane
security fcn 1
Mobile network multi- Tenant isolation, network slicing security UP integrity
KUint-1 KUint-1 KUint-1
tenancy KUenc-1
UP encryption
KUenc-1 KUenc-1

Key transport
. …
Multi service awareness Flexible security approach, e.g. choice of .
U-plane
crypto-algorithms .
security fcn n
UP integrity
Adaptive allocation of Flexible security approach, e.g. support for KUint-n KUint-n KUint-n
UP encryption
functions, joint flexible allocation of security functions KUenc-n KUenc-n KUenc-n
optimization of RAN and
Core Network UE 5G RAN

Source: 5G-NORMA Deliverables

Key 5G Projects: H2020 FANTASTIC-5G
 Key 5G Projects
H2020 FANTASTIC-5G Overview (1/3)

Flexible Air iNTerfAce for Scalable service Design a single modular air interface allowing the concurrent support of wide
range of use cases in a modular manner, allowing for parameterizing different
delivery wiThin wIreless Communication parts of the band and related functionalities to satisfy the needs of the respective
networks of the 5th Generation service being targeted.
A follow-up from FP7 5GNOW

FANTASTIC-5G Design Approach

Massive Machine Mission Critical Broadcast / Multicast Vehicle-to-Infrastructure

Mobile Broadband / Vehicle-to-Vehicle
5 Core Services
Communications Communications Services
KPIs: throughput, user data KPIs: Number of devices, low KPIs: Latency, reliability, KPIs: Number of devices KPIs: High mobility
rate, latency, mobility cost, low energy availability
Service Integration Driver –
collection of components optimized
SID for MBB SID for MMC SID for MCC SID for BMS SID for V2X for each service and integration into
service specirfic AI solution

Service specific AI component (e.g.,

Waveform, frame, control signalling,
coding, modulation, procedures, re-
tx, MIMO, etc.)

AI framework
MBB Service specific MMC Service specific MCC Service specific BMS Service specific V2X Service specific
Air Interface Air Interface Air Interface Air Interface Air Interface

Overall SID Coexistence of different

services

FANTASTIC-5G Multi-Service Air Interface

 Key 5G Projects
H2020 FANTASTIC-5G Overview (2/3)
FANTASTIC-5G Outcomes
Technologies to SIDs mapping

SID
Techniques Example enablers
MBB MMC MCC V2X BMS
Context information

Resource Allocation Framework • User specific in-resource control channel

and RRM

• Punctured scheduling √ √ √ √
• NOMA
Service Classification Techniques • Machine Learning √ √ √ √
Device-to-Device Communications • Proximity discovery
• D2D aided relaying √ √ √
Advanced Connectivity

• Network offloading
Efficient Massive Access Protocols • Compressive sensing MUD
Options

• Non-orthogonal access with Time alignment free transmission √ √ √

• Fast uplink access
Efficient and Flexible Support for • Non-orthogonal transmissions in MIMO
Broadcast and Multicast Transmissions • Broadcast with ACK √
Enhanced MIMO with and without • CoMP with hybrid beamforming
cooperation √ √ √ √ √
Spectral Efficiency

Network based interference • Inter-cell coordinated power boosting, muting, combining

Enablers

coordination • Inter-cell coordinated SC on/off √ √ √ √

• Inter-cell coordinated interference shaping
Advanced Multi-User Detection • Advanced Receiver Design
• Joint MU detection and decoding √ √ √ √ √
Key 5G Projects
H2020 FANTASTIC-5G Overview (3/3) FANTASTIC-5G Outcomes
FANTASTIC-5G Air Interface
Cross-layer RRC
Connectivity
Advanced State Handling (multi-node connectivity & RA-
Advanced Connectivity
(RRC Extant state) less HO)
Techniques
(D2D, Relaying)

MAC
ICIC & Advanced MIMO
Flexible frame design Scheduling & HARQ (inter-cell pilot design &
(bidirectional subframes, (flexible resource partitioning & coordination, rank adaptation &
minislots, scalable numerology & multi-service scheduling, pre- interference shaping,
TTI Length) emptive scheduling, elastic coordinated small cell DTX,
HARQ) power boost & muting, multi-
cell cooperative MIMO)

Random Access PHY

(e.g. 1-stage access protocol)
Multiple access techniques,
multi-user detection and Enhanced MCS, MIMO &
waveforms control channel design
(blind resource identification, (FQAM, MIMO CSI acquisition,
Multi-cast/Broad-cast multi-user detection, NOMA, predictor antennas, in-resource
techniques low PAPR Solutions, frequency control channel signalling)
localized designs)
Key 5G Projects: H2020 CHARISMA
Key 5G Projects
H2020 CHARISMA Overview (1/4)

Converged Heterogeneous Advanced Design an intelligent hierarchical routing and paravirtualised architecture combining
5G Cloud-RAN Architecture for two concepts: decentralized offload with shortest path nearest to end-users and an
end-to-end security service chain via virtualized open access physical layer security.
Intelligent and Secure Media Access

CHARISMA Design Approach

Wireless mmWave DPI combined with
technologies behavioral modelling
(>10Gb/s) Input
techniques
OFDM-PON Network coding, ICN and
Virtualized low-cost vCPE PHY layer security (PLS)
(100Gb/s aggregated
throughput)
(at network Edge) SDN

Low-latency offload End-to-end security

Main concepts
Intelligent data-centric offloading strategies. Content E2E security across all layers of the converged and
caching virtualized open access NW

Scheduling and traffic Data confidentiality Data integrity

QoS queuing (secret key generation at PHY (identify spam, intrusions and
shaping at flexibility nodes wireless and optical layer) anomalies)
Solutions to be
developed
Hierarchical IPv6 routing Provider isolation Authentication and
Routers with subscriber-
implemented via (tenant separation based on Authorization
controlled QoS content)
OpenFlow switching (role-and policy based mechanisms)
Key 5G Projects
H2020 CHARISMA Overview (2/4)
CHARISMA Outcomes

Self-similar hierarchical approach: Flexible location of the required functions:

• use active nodes intermediate to the central office and end-users; • Low latency assurance → data to be handled (routed and/or processed) close to edge → no
• each active node (CAL) has its own scalable IMU (inteligent travelling towards core network → minimize transmission latency
management unit): data storage/caching, processing, and routing. • Data frequently required → store video close to location → minimize transmission latency

CHARISMA Aggregation Levels (CALs)

Security Cache Security Cache Security Cache Security Cache

IMU IMU IMU IMU

Examples: Examples:
Examples: Examples:
• Macro BS • Home Gateway
• Central Office (CO) • Micro BS
• Active Remote Node (ARN) • Home AP
• Data Center (DC) • Small Cell (SC)
• Micro Data Center (µDC)

… CAL 3 100G OFDM-PON (passive optical CAL 2 Optical fiber / mmW / FSO (free
CAL 1 CAL 0
Optical fiber / mmW / FSO
network) / wireless space optics)

Reflects level in hierarchy:

3 – deep in core
0 – close to edge
Backhaul Fronthaul Parametric Haul
Key 5G Projects
H2020 CHARISMA Overview (3/4)
CHARISMA Outcomes

CAL-to-nodes mapping examples

ITS – Collision Avoidance, Platooning Bus – Local content caching

CO
(operator’s CO)
Micro
CAL3 Macro Content Center
(limited area)
(wide area) CAL3 CAL2
CAL2 CAL1

CAL1

CAL2

CAL2
Collision
Platooning CAL0 avoidance CAL0

Gateway
(D2D CAL)

Data is routed, at the lowest common aggregation point - achieve low-latency networking:
• for D2D communications, data is routed directly between the devices;
• routing at CAL0 - data is routed between devices via the local (e.g. home or access) gateway;
• routing via CAL1 - for devices within a micro-cell;
• routing via CAL2 - within a macro-cell, e.g. at the macro base station (BS) or active remote node;
• routing via CAL3 - non-local routing, at CO or DC.
Key 5G Projects
H2020 CHARISMA Overview (4/4)
CHARISMA Outcomes
CHARISMA CAL & Security Mapping

APP APP

TCP / e.g. UPF VM TCP /

UDP UDP
e.g. 5G CU VM
IP IP IP

GTP
SDAP / PDCP sec SDAP /
GTP
PDCP PDCP

IPsec
UDP UDP 5G RLC 5G RLC
e.g. 5G RU
5G- 5G-
IP IP
MAC MAC

L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 5G-PHY 5G PHY

L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1

CAL 1
App server IP CAL 3 NG, Xn CAL 2 F1 (aggreg.
CAL 0 5G-Uu UE
(vUPF) (5G CU) (5G DU)
e.g., e.g., e.g., Node) e.g., e.g.,
L2: Ethernet, L2: NG-PON, OFDM-PON L2: Ethernet L2: Ethernet L1: 5G radio
L1: fiber L1: fiber L1: fiber L1: 60GHz radio
Key 5G Projects: H2020 SESAME
Key 5G Projects
H2020 SESAME Overview (1/3)

Design of Cloud-Enabled Small Cells (CESC), a multi-operator enabled Small Cell, integrating a
Small cEllS coordinAtion virtualised execution platform (i.e., the Light DC) for Virtual Network Functions (NVFs), supporting
for Multi-tenancy and Edge services powerful self-x management and executing novel applications and services inside the access
network infrastructure.

SESAME Design Approach

Virtual SC network
operator
Virtual (VSCNO)
SC network
operator (VSCNO)
Key technologies Provides services using common
SCaaS Platform (provided by SC network operator – SCNO) infrastructure

CESC Manager (incl. Self-X)

SC evolution
SON functionalities including Self-Planning,
Optimization, Healing

NFV and Edge Computing CESC Light DC API

(Cloud-Enabled Small Cell) (Light Data-Center) API
Include low-power processors and HW accelerators for Include low-power processors and HW accelerators for
RT operations to create clustered Edge computing RT operations to create clustered Edge computing
Multi-tenancy infrastructure infrastructure.

CESC Cluster
Key 5G Projects
H2020 SESAME Overview (2/3)
SESAME Outcomes

AI-based Self-X
Exploitation the wide variety of available data sources: Application of the obtained knowledge models
• network data (e.g. performance measurements, network counters) • driving the decision-making of the actions
VSCNO 1 VSCNO 1 • user-specific data associated to the self-x functionalities
(NMS) (NMS) • content associated to applications
• data from outside MNO domain (e.g. planned events, weather forecasts)

Knowledge Discovery Knowledge Exploitation

(Self-X functions)
Knowledge models
Cell-level User-level Self-Planning
Data Acquisition Cell-cluster level
& Pre-processing
CESC Self-
CESCM
Optimization
AI tools Processing of the input data: AI-based tools
• Provides knowledge models Classification Prediction
Self-Planning
representing network / user Self-Healing
Self-Healing
Self- behaviour for network planning and Clustering
Optimization optimization decisions

Machine learning - mining of the input data and extract AI-Tools

relevant knowledge models at: Classification: Finding a model or function that describes
• cell level (characterisation of the conditions on a per and distinguishes data classes or concepts
SCNO cell basis), Prediction: Finding models to anticipate future values of a
• cell cluster level (characterisation of groups of cells certain parameter
built according to their similarities) Clustering: Grouping a set of objects that objects within
• user level (characterisation of the conditions the same cluster are similar to one another and dissimilar
experienced by individual users) to the objects in other clusters
Key 5G Projects
SESAME Outcomes
H2020 SESAME Overview (3/3)
Multi-tenant SON features

Self-X feature Conclusion

Auto-freq/power selection • SC supporting MOCN, need to handover to neighbors from multiple MNOs.
• Needs to attempt selection of cell radius that encompasses at least one neighbour supporting each configured PLMN,
rather than simply minimising interference with its closest neighbours.
ANR • SC supporting MOCN has to scan potentially much larger set of frequencies to identify potential neighbour cells, and
has to decode all of the PLMNs broadcast by each neighbour to discover those that they support.
Admission Control • Controlling the share of radio resources between tenants, based on cell-level capacity check and per-tenant capacity
share check.
• The tenant specific threshold is adjusted using hybrid SON technique that accounts for unused capacity left by tenants
and that copes with heterogeneities in the spatial traffic distribution across cells
Packet scheduling & ICIC • 2-level scheduler of downlink packets
• 1st level takes decision in time domain every TTI, 2nd takes decisions in the spatial domain every radio frame.
Dynamic virtual resource • Split the CPU, memory and storage resources of the CESCs among the involved tenants:
allocation for multi-tenant • Strategy - ensure each tenant is allocated at least the resources indicated in the SLA, and allow more resources if other
networks tenants are not using them.
User centric knowledge discovery • Exploiting predictability of the user daily behavior.
for QoS characterization • Relies on an agglomerative clustering technique that identifies these behaviors and characterizes them as state
diagrams, identifying the QoS that is experienced in each state (e.g. depending on the day of the week or the time of
the day).
• This enables a more detailed characterization of the user QoS at different levels, such as the overall QoS experienced
by a specific user or the QoS that is experienced during certain days or during certain state
H2020 5G Projects Map (5G-PPP Phase II)
5G Research Projects
5G-PPP Phase II Projects Map

5G-MEDIA 5G-MoNArch 5G-City 5G-CAR 5G-XCast Bluespace

(programmable (cloud and radio platform
(network architecture for (V2X system (broadcast and multicast (spatial division
virtualization fabric for for municipalities acting
diverse services) architecture) capabilities for verticals) multiplexing for Ka band)
media industry) as neutral hosts)

Vertical applications

SaT5G NGPaaS
SLICENET (plug and play satcom
ONE 5G 5G Essence (new OSS/BSS model for
(e2e slicing) (multiservice operation) (SC evolution) Telco Platform-as-a-
solution for 5G)
Service)

Architecture

METRO-HAUL 5G-Transformer 5G-PICTURE NRG-5G MATILDA

(SDN/NFV based (converged front- and (framework for
(application aware (Smart Energy as a
transport and compute backhaul based on management of sliced
optical network) service)
platform) Disaggregated-RANs) programmable infra)

Transport Network Management

5G Research Projects
5G-PPP Phase II Selected Projects Overviews

5G-MEDIA 5G-MoNArch 5G-City 5G-CAR 5G-XCast Bluespace

(programmable (cloud and radio platform
(network architecture for (V2X system (broadcast and multicast (spatial division
virtualization fabric for for municipalities acting
diverse services) architecture) capabilities for verticals) multiplexing for Ka band)
media industry) as neutral hosts)

Vertical applications

Sat5G NGPaaS
SLICENET (plug and play satcom
ONE 5G 5G Essence (new OSS/BSS model for
(e2e slicing) (multiservice operation) (SC evolution) Telco Platform-as-a-
solution for 5G)
Service)

Architecture

METRO-HAUL 5G-Transformer 5G-PICTURE NRG-5G MATILDA

(SDN/NFV based (converged front- and (framework for
(application aware (Smart Energy as a
transport and compute backhaul based on management of sliced
optical network) service)
platform) Disaggregated-RANs) programmable infra)

Transport Network Management

Key 5G Projects: H2020 5G-CAR
 Key 5G Projects
H2020 5G-CAR Overview

Develop innovation at the intersection between the automotive industry and the mobile
Fifth Generation Communication communications industry to support a fast and successful path towards safer and more efficient
Automotive Research and innovation future driving in terms of: overall 5G architecture, sidelink interface, radio assisted positioning and
business models.

5G-CAR Design Approach

Fulfill the requirements… … by developing the following
technological and business advances… … to support the following use cases.

Providing low E2E latencies Cooperative maneuver

Business models around
(below 5ms) (e.g. lane merge)
5G System Architecture telco & automotive
sectors Cooperative safety
to provide V2X
Providing ultra-high (e.g. network assisted
communication services vulnerable pedestrian Cooperative perception
reliability (close to 10-5)
protection) (e.g. see through)
Spectrum usage to
Handling a very large
support range of 5G V2X Remote driving
density of conn. vehicles Sidelink interface and (e.g. remote driving for Autonomous navigation
multi-link automated parking) (e.g. HD local map
acquisition)
communication 5G Radio assisted
Providing high positioning
positioning techniques
accuracy (30cm for vehicles)
Key 5G Projects: H2020 SaT5G
 Key 5G Projects
H2020 SaT5G Overview

Satellite and Terrestrial Develop a cost effective “plug and play” satcom solution for 5G to enable telcos and network vendors to
accelerate 5G deployment in all geographies and at the same time create new and growing market
Network for 5G opportunities for satcom industry stakeholders.

SaT5G Design Approach

Virtualisation of satcom NFs to ensure compatibility with the 5G SDN and NFV
architecture
5G SDN and NFV in Satellite Networks

Allowing cellular network management system to control satcoms’ radio resources

and service
Integrated Network Management and Orchestration

Developing link aggregation scheme for small cell connectivity mitigating QoS and
latency imbalance between satellite and cellular
Multi-link and Homogeneous Transport

Leveraging 5G features/technologies in satcom Harmonization of Satcom with 5G Control & User Plane

Optimising/harmonising key management and authentication methods between

cellular and satellite technologies Extending 5G Security to Satellites

Optimal integration of the multicast benefits in 5G services for content delivery

and VNF distribution Caching & Multicast for Optimized Content & NFV Distribution
Key Items
Technical Challenges
Key 5G Projects: H2020 5G-Transformer
Key 5G Projects
H2020 5G-Transformer Overview

5G Mobile Transport Transform today’s mobile transport network into an SDN/NFV-based Mobile Transport and Computing Platform
(MTP), which brings the “Network Slicing” paradigm into mobile transport networks by provisioning and managing
Platform for Verticals MTP slices tailored to the specific needs of vertical industries.

5G-Transformer Design Approach

Use the key buliding blocks…

Building Blocks … to provision and manage MTP slices...

Vertical Slicer MTP Slice 3

orchestrate the federation of transport networking
and computing resources from multiple domains
MTP Slice 2
and manage their allocation to slices
MTP Slice 1

Service Orchestrator
… to enable verticals to meet their
logical entry point (i.e., one stop shop) for verticals to
support the creation of their respective transport
reqs within customized MTP slices.
slices in a short time-scale (in the order of minutes).
Media &
Entertainment
Mobile Transport and Computing Platform Automotive
(MTP)
unified transport stratum for integrated eHealth
fronthaul and backhaul networks
Key 5G Projects: H2020 MATILDA
 Key 5G Projects
H2020 MATILDA Overview

A Holistic, Innovative Framework for Design, Design and to develop a holistic framework that supports the tight interconnection among the
Development and Orchestration of 5G-ready development of 5G-ready applications, the creation of the on-demand required networking and
Applications and Network Services computational infrastructure in the form of an application-aware network slice and the activation
of the appropriate networking mechanisms for the support of the industry vertical applications.
over Sliced Programmable Infrastructure

MATILDA Framework

Smart
Media Emergency Automotive Industry 4.0 Analytics and unified
Applications Cities Market place
profiling framework
layer Networking
Application Graph & → 5G-Ready application set of machine learning applications’ & VNFs’ repository
Requirements
mechanisms and profiling

Conceptual
Machine learning, Metamodels
architecture
Orchestration Network-aware optimization, runtime Intelligent orchestration
& → provision of 5G end-to-end services
layer application graph policies enforcement, mechanisms vertical industry applications’
tackling the overall lifecycle of design, components and graphs, the VNF &
context awareness development and orchestration PNFs and forwarding graphs
Multi site virtual Collaborative
Network infrastructure development
functions & Virtualized & Application aware network
& VNFs & PNFS → manager environment
resource mgmt physical resources slice
multi-site management of the allocated web-based IDE, verification and
layer resources per network slice graphs composition mechanisms

Infrastructure Edge/fog computing & Cloud computing & Orchestrator

CRAN & →
layer Edge network transport/core NW
optimal deployment and orchestration of the developed
applications over the available programmable infrastructure
MATILDA layers Technological Concepts
Key 5G Aspects Being Studied
Putting it All Together
Key 5G Aspects Being Studied
Putting it All Together – Overall 5G System

Native SON and

Machine-learning
NaaS (multi-tenancy, multi-service network slicing)

Cloud-
computing
Licensed-
NF unlicensed
interworking
Virtualization

WiFi
NF

Cloud RAN mmMIMO and mmW

Massive-MIMO (backhaul / fronthaul)
Relaying LTE-5G tight
interworking
Multi-
Unified Air Interface
mmWave Sub 6GHz Connectivity
(access) (Overlay CP
support) NF UCN
LTE

D2D
UDN
Connection-less
transmission
V2X

Native mMTC
support
 Key 5G Aspects Being Studied
Putting it All Together – Research Aspects Summary

• Waveforms: FBMC, UF-OFDM, GFDM • Network slicing: multi-tenancy and multi-

Example service-specific NFs for Air • Short latency: novel HARQ, 1ms RTT service Multi-Connectivity, CP/UP split, Multi-RAT
Interface Protocol Stack • Massive MIMO: beyond 64 antennas • User-Centric Networking (UCN): UE and UDN
eMBB URLLC mMTC • mmWave: bands beyond 20GHz Centric No-Cell (UCNC)
State • Advanced MIMO: Beamforming and CoMP • Densification: Ultra-Dense Networks PDCP
opt.:
• Unified Air Interface: Service-specific (UDN)
RRC

reduce Omit HO
Default
state meas.
change protocol stacks • Tight interworking: 5G + eLTE RLC RLC RLC
latency
• mMTC improvements: Novel PRACH, • Connectivity modes: D2D, V2X MAC MAC MAC
Omit connectionless/always-on states, • Network Automation: Native SON,
PDCP

Omit
Default ciphering ciphering PHY PHY PHY
and RoHC and RoHC contention-based and grant-based access Machine learning
• Dynamic TDD • Flexibility and programability: NFV, SDN,
RLC

Default AM only UM only • Novel multiple access schemes: SCMA, cell virtualization, CP/UP split
NO
PDMA, RSMA • Mesh networking: Self-backhauling
HARQ
•
MAC

Default
HARQ,
optim. - New coding schemes: LDPC, Polar codes (flexible backhaul-fronthaul), relaying and
RACH
prio.
coverage
• Joint spectrum usage: sharing, unlicensed, nomadic nodes UP
CP+UP
Coding
Low-
latency, EE,
dedicated licensed • Multi-RAT and multi-connectivity: 5G + UP

eLTE + WiFi
PHY

optim.: coding Coding

large optim.: optim.:
payloads low
payloads
coverage
Network: RAN, CN, Transport, E2E,
PHY, Air Interface Management
Key 5G Aspects Being Studied
Putting it All Together – What ”will 5G be”?

Flexible, programmable, software-defined and cloud-enabled network…

… highly heterogeneous, using multi-connectivity and multi-RAT concepts…

… combined with various spectrum licensing and management schemes, utilizing wide
According to range of bands (from below 1GHz to up to 100GHz)……
current
research status, … optimized and tailored to specific-services and multi-tenant enabled…

”5G”
should be: … with unified and hybrid air interface…

… fully automated and self-learning…

… and benefitting from advanced antenna processing schemes.

… what more do you think should be added, based on this chapter?

5G Research – Chapter Recap
5G Research
Chapter Summary

In this chapter you have learnt:

• When 5G research was started,
• What was the landscape of key FP7 projects,
• What are the scopes and outcomes of METIS and 5GNOW projects,
• What is the landscape of the 5G-PPP projects under H2020,
• What are the scopes and example outcomes of 5G-PPP Phase I projects: METIS-II, 5G-
NORMA, FANTASTIC-5G, CHARISMA, and SESAME,
• What are the scopes of the example 5G-PPP Phase II projects: 5G-CAR, 5G-Transformer,
MATILDA, and SaT5G,
• How are all the concepts create overall 5G picture.