SIGNALS and SYSTEMS PDF

CHAPTER 3 SIGNALS & SYSTEMS
YEAR 2012 ONE MARK
MCQ 3.1 If xn [ ] = (1/3) n − (1/2) n un [ ], then the region of convergence (ROC) of its
z-transform in the z-plane will be (A) 1 3
<z
< 3 (B) 1 3
<z
<
1 2 (C) 1 2
<z
< 3 (D) 1 3
<
z
MCQ 3.2 The unilateral Laplace transform of tf ( t ) is
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transform of f ( t ) is
s 2+ 1
s+
1
. The unilateral Laplace
(A)
−
(s2+ss
+
1)2
(B)
−
(s2+2s
s+
+
1
1
)2
(C)
s(s2+s
+
1 ) 2 (D)
2s(s2++
1s
+
1 ) 2 YEAR 2012 TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.3 Let y [ n ] denote the convolution of h [ n ] and g [ n ] , where hn [ ] =

( 1 / 2 ) n un [ ] and g [ n ] is a causal sequence. If y [0] = 1 and y [1] = 1/2, then g [1] equals (A)
0 (B) /1 2 (C) 1 (D) /3 2
MCQ 3.4 The Fourier transform of a signal h ( t ) is H ( j ω ) = ( 2 cos ω )( sin 2 ω )/ ω . The
value of h ( 0 ) is (A) /1 4 (B) /1 2 (C) 1 (D) 2
MCQ 3.5 The input x ( t ) and output y ( t ) of a system are related as y ( t ) #
x ( ) cos (3 ) d . The system is
(A) time-invariant and stable (B) stable and not time-invariant (C) time-invariant and not stable
(D) not time-invariant and not stable
=
t τ τ τ 3−
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PAGE 116 SIGNALS & SYSTEMS CHAP 3
YEAR 2011 ONE MARK
MCQ 3.6 The Fourier series expansion f ( t ) a a n

cos n t b sin n t n
/3
of the periodic signal

shown below will contain =
the following nonzero terms
(A) a
0
=0
+ω+
nω1
and b n
, n = 135
, , ,... 3 (B) a
0
and a n
,n=
123 , , ,... 3 (C) a 0
a
n and b n
, n = 123
, , ,... 3 (D) a
0
and a n
n=
135 , , ,... 3
MCQ 3.7 Given two continuous time signals x ( t ) = e − t and y ( t ) = e − t2 which exist for
t > 0 , the convolution z ( t ) = x ( t ) * y ( t ) is (A) e − t − e − t2 (B) e t3− (C) e t+ (D) e − t + e −
t2 YEAR 2011 TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.8 Let the Laplace transform of a function f ( t ) which exists for t > 0 be F 1
( s ) and the
Laplace transform of its delayed version f ( t τ− ) be F 2
(s
) . Let F 1
* ( s ) be the
complex conjugate of F 1
(s
) with the Laplace variable set s = σ + j ω .
If G ( s
)
= F 2 ( s ) F 1 *( F 1
(s
)
2
s
)
, then the inverse Laplace transform of G ( s ) is an ideal
(A) impulse δ ( )t (B) delayed impulse δ ( t τ− ) (C) step function u ( t ) (D) delayed step function
u ( t τ− ) MCQ 3.9 The response h ( t ) of a linear time invariant system to an impulse δ ( )t ,
under initially relaxed condition is h ( t ) = e − t + e − t2 . The response of this system for a unit
step input u ( t ) is (A) u ( t ) + e − t + e − t2 (B) ( e − t + e − t2 ) u ( t ) (C) ( 15 . − e − t − 05 . e −
t2 ) u () t (D) e − t δ ( t ) + e − t2 u ( t ) YEAR 2010 ONE MARK
MCQ 3.10 For the system 2 /( s + 1 ) , the approximate time taken for a step response to
reach 98% of the final value is (A) 1 s (B) 2 s (C) 4 s (D) 8 s
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CHAP 3 SIGNALS & SYSTEMS PAGE 117
MCQ 3.11 The period of the signal x ( t ) 8

0.8sin t 4
=`π
+
π
j
is
(A) 0.4π s (B) 0.8π s (C) 1.25 s (D) 2.5 s
MCQ 3.12 The system represented by the input-output relationship
y(t)=
# t5
x ( τ ) d τ , t > 0 (A) Linear and causal 3−

(B) Linear but not causal (C) Causal but not linear
(D) Neither liner nor causal
MCQ 3.13 The second harmonic component of the periodic waveform given in the
figure has an amplitude of
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) /2 π (D) 5
YEAR 2010 TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.14 x ( t ) is a positive rectangular pulse from t =− 1 to t =+ 1 with unit height as
shown in the figure. The value of transform of x ( t )} is.
#
3
X ( ω ) 2 d ω where X ( ω
) is the Fourier
(A) 2 (B) 2π (C) 4 (D) 4π
MCQ 3.15 Given the finite length input x [ n ] and the corresponding finite length output y [ n ] of
an LTI system as shown below, the impulse response h [ n ] of the system is
-
3
"
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(A)
h [ n ] = {1,0,0,1} -
(B)
h[n]=
{1,0,1} - (C)
h [ n ] = {1,1,1,1} -
(D)
h[n]=
{1,1,1} -
Common Data Questions Q.6-7. Given f ( t ) and g ( t ) as show below
MCQ 3.16 g ( t ) can be expressed as
(A) g ( t ) = f ( t2 − 3 ) (B) g ( t ) = f
`2t
−
3j
(C) g ( t ) = f ` t2
−
32
j
=`2t
−
32
j
MCQ 3.17 The Laplace transform of g ( t ) is
(A) s
()
(D) g ( t ) f
1
e3s−e
5 s (B) 1 s
(e-5s−e
-
3s)
(C) e
-
3
ss
(1 −
e
-2s
)
(D) s 1
(e5s−
e
3s)
YEAR 2009 ONE MARK
MCQ 3.18 A Linear Time Invariant system with an impulse response h ( t ) produces output y ( t
) when input x ( t ) is applied. When the input x ( t − τ ) is applied to a system with impulse
response h ( t − τ ) , the output will be (A) y ( τ ) (B) y ( 2 ( t − τ )) (C) y ( t − τ ) (D) y ( t − 2τ )
YEAR 2009 TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.19 A cascade of three Linear Time Invariant systems is causal and unstable.
From this, we conclude that (A) each system in the cascade is individually causal and unstable
(B) at least on system is unstable and at least one system is causal (C) at least one system is
causal and all systems are unstable
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(D) the majority are unstable and the majority are causal
MCQ 3.20 The xt ( a 1
)=
05 Fourier . / k 3 =-
j 02 3 . Series ae k
coefficients of a periodic signal x () t expressed as j 2 π
kt /
T
are given by a -
2
=2−
j
1,a−
1
= 0.5 +
j
0.2 , a 0
= j2
,=−,a2
=2+j1
and a k
=0
for k > 2 Which of the following is true ? (A) x ( t )
has finite energy because only finitely many coefficients are non-
zero (B) x ( t ) has zero average value because it is periodic (C) The imaginary part of x ( t )
is constant (D) The real part of x ( t ) is even
MCQ 3.21 The z-transform of a signal x [ n ] is given by 4 z - 3 + 3 z -
1 + 2 − 6 z 2 + 2 z 3 It is applied to a system, with a transfer function H ( z ) = z3 - 1 − 2 Let the
output be y [ n ] . Which of the following is true ? (A) y [ n ] is non causal with finite support (B)
y [ n ] is causal with infinite support (C) y [ n ] = 0 ; n > 3 (D) Re [ Y ( z )] z = e j i =−
Re
[Y(z
)]
z=
e
-
j
i
Im [ Y ()] z z = e j i = Im
[ Y ()] z z =
e
-
j
i
;
−
π#θ<
π
YEAR 2008 ONE MARK
MCQ 3.22 The impulse response of a causal linear time-invariant system is given as
h ( t ) . Now consider the following two statements : Statement (I): Principle of superposition
holds Statement (II): h () t = 0 for t < 0 Which one of the following statements is correct ? (A)
Statements (I) is correct and statement (II) is wrong (B) Statements (II) is correct and statement
(I) is wrong (C) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are wrong (D) Both Statement (I) and
Statement (II) are correct
MCQ 3.23 A signal e α- t sin ( ω t ) is the input to a real Linear Time Invariant system. Given K
and φ are constants, the output of the system will be of the form Ke β- t sin ( vt + φ ) where (A) β
need not be equal to α but v equal to ω (B) v need not be equal to ω but β equal to α (C) β equal
to α and v equal to ω (D) β need not be equal to α and v need not be equal to ω
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YEAR 2008 TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.24 A system with x ( t ) and output y ( t ) is defined by the input-output relation :
y () t =
-# 3-
x t2
() t d τ The system will be (A) Casual, time-invariant and unstable (B) Casual,
time-invariant and stable (C) non-casual, time-invariant and unstable (D) non-casual, time-
variant and unstable
MCQ 3.25 A signal x ( t ) = sinc ( α t ) where α is a real constant sinc ( )x GATE Previous Year
Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Published by: NODIA and COMPANY ISBN:
9788192276243 Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
^=
sin
π
(xπ
x
) h is the input to a
Linear Time Invariant system whose impulse response h () t = sinc ( β t ) , where β is a real
constant. If min ( α , β ) denotes the minimum of α and β and similarly, max ( α , β ) denotes the
maximum of α and β, and K is a constant, which one of the following statements is true about the
output of the system ? (A) It will be of the form K sinc ( γ )t where γ = min ( α , β ) (B) It will be
of the form K sinc ( γ )t where γ = max ( α , β ) (C) It will be of the form K sinc ( α )t (D) It can
not be a sinc type of signal
MCQ 3.26 Let x ( t ) be a periodic signal with time period T, Let y ( t ) = x ( t − t 0 ) + x ( t +
t
0 ) for some t
0
. The Fourier Series coefficients of y ( t ) are denoted by b

k
. If b k
=
0 for all odd k,
then t
0
can be equal to (A) /T 8 (B) /T 4 (C) /T 2 (D) T2

MCQ 3.27 H ( z ) is a transfer function of a real system. When a signal x [ n ] = (1 +
j ) n is the input to such a system, the output is zero. Further, the Region of convergence (ROC)
of ^ 1
−12
z-
1 h H(z) is the entire Z-plane (except z = 0 ). It can then be
inferred that H ( z ) can have a minimum of (A) one pole and one zero (B) one pole and two
zeros (C) two poles and one zero D) two poles and two zeros
MCQ 3.28 Given n $ 0 will X ( z
be )
=
(z−z
a
)
2
with z > a , the residue of X ( z ) zn 1- at z = a for

(A) an 1- (B) an (C) nan (D) nan 1-
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MCQ 3.29 Let x ( t ) = rect

^ t − If (A)
sinc
sinc
( )x ` 2
=ω
π
j sin
π
(xπ
x ) , 1 2 h (where rect ( x ) = 1 for then the FTof GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK
Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Published by: NODIA and COMPANY ISBN: 9788192276243 Visit
us at: www.nodia.co.in
−12
#x
#12
and zero otherwise. x ( t ) + x ( − t ) will be given by

(B) 2
sinc
`2
ω
π
j
(C) 2 sinc
`2ωπ
`j cos
ω2
j
(D) sinc
`2ωπ
`j sin
ω2
j
MCQ 3.30 Given a sequence x [ n ] , to generate the sequence y [ n ] = x [ 3 − 4 n ] , which one
of the following procedures would be correct ?
(A) First delay x ( n ) by 3 samples to generate z 1
[n
] , then pick every 4th sample of z 1
[n
] to generate z 2
[n
] , and than finally time reverse z 2
[n
] to obtain y [ n ] . (B)
First advance x [ n ] by 3 samples to generate z 1
[n
] , then pick every 4th sample of z 1
[n
] to generate z 2
[n
] , and then finally time reverse z 2
[n
] to obtain y [ n ] (C)
First pick every fourth sample of x [ n ] to generate v 1
[n
] , time-reverse v 1
[ n ] to obtain v 2
[n
] , and finally advance v 2
[n
] by 3 samples to obtain y [ n ] (D) First pick
every fourth sample of x [ n ] to generate v 1
[n
] , time-reverse v 1
[n
] to obtain v 2
[n
] , and finally delay v 2
[n
] by 3 samples to obtain y [ n ] YEAR 2007
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.31 Let a signal a 1 sin ( ω 1
t
φ+ ) be applied to a stable linear time variant system. Let the
corresponding steady state output be represented as a 2 F ( ω 2 t
φ+ 2
) . Then which
of the following statement is true?
(A) F is not necessarily a “Sine” or “Cosine” function but must be periodic
with
ω 1 ω= 2
. (B) F must be a “Sine” or “Cosine” function with a 1 =
a
2 (C) F must be a “Sine” function
with
ω 1 ω= 2
and
φ 1 φ=
2 (D) F must be a “Sine” or
“Cosine” function with
ω 1 ω=
2
MCQ 3.32 The frequency spectrum of a signal is shown in the figure. If this is ideally sampled at
intervals of 1 ms, then the frequency spectrum of the sampled signal will be
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YEAR 2007 TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.33 A signal x ( t ) is given by

1,−
T/4<
t#
3T
/
4x(t
)
=
*
−
1,3T/4<
t#7T
/
4−x(t+
T
) Which among the following gives the fundamental fourier term of x (
t ) ? (A) π 4
cos
`T
πt−
π4j
π4`2πt
+
π4
j
(C) sin
T
(B) cos
T4π
`πt−
π4j
(D) π 4 sin
`2πTt
+
π4
j
Statement for Linked Answer Question 34 and 35 :
MCQ 3.34 A signal is processed by a causal filter with transfer function G ( s
) For a distortion free output signal wave form, G ( s ) must (A) provides zero phase shift for all
frequency (B) provides constant phase shift for all frequency
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(C) provides linear phase shift that is proportional to frequency (D) provides a phase shift that is
inversely proportional to frequency
MCQ 3.35 G ( z ) = α z - 1 + β z - 3 is a low pass digital filter with a phase characteristics
same as that of the above question if (A) α = β (B) α =− β (C) α = β ( )1 / 3 (D) α = β ( - )1 / 3
MCQ 3.36 Consider the discrete-time system shown in the figure where the impulse
response of G ( z ) is g (0) = 0, g (1) = g (2) = 1, g (3) = g (4) = g = 0 This system is stable for
range of values of K (A) [ − 1, 1 2
]
(B) [ − 1, 1] (C) [ − 1 2
, 1]
(D) [ −
12
, 2]
MCQ 3.37 If u ( t ), r ( t ) denote the unit step and unit ramp functions respectively and u ()* t r ()
t their convolution, then the function u ( t + 1 )* r ( t − 2 ) is given by (A) 1 2
( t − 1) u ( t
− 1) (B) 1 2
( t − 1) u ( t
− 2) (C) 1 2
( t − 1) 2 u ( t
− 1) (D) None of the above
MCQ 3.38 X () z = 1 − 3 z - 1 , Y () z = 1 + 2 z - 2 are Z transforms of two signals xn [ ], yn [ ]
respectively. A linear time invariant system has the impulse response h [ n ] defined by these two
signals as hn [ ] = xn [ − 1 ]* yn [ ] where * denotes discrete time convolution. Then the output
of the system for the input δ [ n − 1 ] (A) has Z-transform z 1- X ( z ) Y ( z ) (B) equals δ [ n − 2
] − 3 δ [ n − 3 ] + 2 δ [ n − 4 ] − 6 δ [ n − 5 ] (C) has Z-transform 1 − 3 z - 1 + 2 z - 2 − 6 z - 3
(D) does not satisfy any of the above three
YEAR 2006 ONE MARK
MCQ 3.39 The following is true

(A) A finite signal is always bounded (B) A bounded signal always possesses finite energy (C) A
bounded signal is always zero outside the interval [ − t 0 , t
0
] for some t
0 (D) A
bounded signal is always finite
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MCQ 3.40 x ( t ) is a real valued function of a real variable with period T. Its trigonometric
Fourier Series expansion contains no terms of frequency ω = 2 π (2 k )/ T ; k = 1,2 g Also, no
sine terms are present. Then x ( t ) satisfies the equation (A) x ( t ) =− x ( t − T ) (B) x ( t ) = x ( T
− t ) =− x ( − t ) (C) x ( t ) = x ( T − t ) =− x ( t − T / 2 ) (D) x ( t ) = x ( t − T ) = x ( t − T / 2 )
MCQ 3.41 A discrete real all pass system has a pole at z = 2 + 30 %: it, therefore
(A) also has a pole at 2
30
1 + % (B) has a constant phase response over the z-plane: arg H ( z ) =
constant constant (C) is stable only if it is anti-causal (D) has a constant phase response over
the unit circle: arg H ( e i Ω ) = constant YEAR 2006 TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.42 x [ n ] = 0 ; n < − 1 , n > 0 , x [ − 1 ] =− 1 , x [ 0 ] = 2 is the input and
y [ n ] = 0; n < − 1, n > 2, y [ − 1] =− 1 = y [1], y [0] = 3, y [2] =− 2 is the output of a discrete-
time LTI system. The system impulse response h [ n ] will be (A) h [ n ] = 0; n < 0 , n > 2 , h [ 0 ]
= 1 , h [ 1 ] = h [ 2 ] =− 1 (B) h [ n ] = 0 ; n < − 1 , n > 1 , h [ − 1 ] = 1 , h [ 0 ] = h [ 1 ] = 2 (C) h
[ n ] = 0; n < 0, n > 3, h [0] =− 1, h [1] = 2, h [2] = 1 (D) h [ n ] = 0 ; n < − 2 , n > 1 , h [ − 2 ] = h
[ 1 ] = h [ − 1 ] =− h [ 0 ] = 3 MCQ 3.43 The discrete-time signal xn [ ] denotes a transform-pair
relationship, Xz
( ) / is orthogonal to the n
, where signal (A) y [ n ] Y ( z ) 3
z
=
3
3n n
=
0
2
+
z
2n
1)1
=/
n3
=
0
`2j
n
-
n
(B) y 2 [ n ] ) Y 2
(z)=/
n3
=
0
(5n
−n)z-(2n
+ 1 ) (C) y 3 [ n ] ) Y 3
(z)=
/
n 3 =-
3
2-
n
z-
n
(D) y 4 [ n ] ) Y 4
(z)=2z-4+3z-
2+1
MCQ 3.44 A continuous-time system is described by y ( t ) = e - x ( t ) , where y ( t ) is the
output and x ( t ) is the input. y ( t ) is bounded (A) only when x ( t ) is bounded (B) only when x
( t ) is non-negative
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(C) only for t # 0 if x ( t ) is bounded for t $ 0 (D) even when x ( t ) is not bounded
MCQ 3.45 The running integration, given by y ( t ) x ( t ' ) dt '
#
(A) has no finite singularities in its double sided Laplace Transform Y ( s ) (B) produces a
bounded output for every causal bounded input (C) produces a bounded output for every
anticausal bounded input (D) has no finite zeroes in its double sided Laplace Transform Y ( s )
YEAR 2005 TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.46 For the triangular wave from shown in the figure, the RMS value of the
voltage is equal to
(A)
6
=
t
3-
1
(B)
13
(C)
13
(D)
23
MCQ 3.47 The Laplace transform of a function f () t is ( )
t " 3 , f ( t ) approaches
=
5s2
+ 23 s +
6(2
+2+
2)
as
(A) 3 (B) 5
(C)
2
Fs
sss
17
(D) 3
MCQ 3.48 The Fourier series for the function f ( x ) = sin x2 is
(A) sin x + sin x2 (B) 1 − cos 2 x (C) sin 2 x + cos 2 x (D) 05 . − 05 . cos 2 x MCQ 3.49 If u ( t )
is the unit step and δ ( )t is the unit impulse function, the inverse z
-transform of F ( z
)=
z
+ 1 1 for k > 0 is (A) ( − 1 ) kδ ( )k (B) δ ( k ) − ( − 1 ) k (C) ( − 1 ) k u ( k ) (D) u ( k ) − ( − 1 ) k

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YEAR 2004 TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.50 The rms value of the periodic waveform given in figure is
(A) 2 6A (B) 6 2A (C) /4 3 A (D) 1.5 A
MCQ 3.51 The rms value of the resultant current in a wire which carries a dc current
of 10 A and a sinusoidal alternating current of peak value 20 is (A) 14.1 A (B) 17.3 A (C) 22.4 A
(D) 30.0 A
YEAR 2002 ONE MARK
MCQ 3.52 Fourier Series for the waveform, f ( t ) shown in Figure is

(A) 2π 8
8 sin ( π t ) + 1 9
sin ( 3
π t ) + 25 1
sin ( 5
πt
)+
..... B
(B) 8 2π
8 sin ( π t ) − 1 9
cos (3 π t ) + 25 1
sin (5 π t
)+
....... B
(C) 8 2π
8 cos ( π t ) + 1 9
cos ( 3
π t ) + 25 1
cos ( 5
πt
)+
..... B
(D) 8 2π
8 cos ( π t ) − 1 9
sin ( 3
π t ) + 25 1
sin ( 5
πt
)+
....... B
MCQ 3.53 Let s ( t ) be the step response of a linear system with zero initial conditions;
then the response of this system to an an input u ( t ) is (A) # 0
ts(t−
τ)u(τ)d
τ (B) d dt
;#0
ts(t−τ)u(τ)
d
τE
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(C) # 0
ts(t)#
tu()dd
(D) # 0
−τ;0
[ s ( t )] 2 u ( ) d MCQ 3.54
Let Y ( s ) be the Laplace transformation of the function y ( t ) , then the final
value of the function is (A) LimY s "
0(s
)τ1τ1E
τ1
− τ τ τ (B) LimY s " 3 ( s ) (C) LimsY s "
0(s
) (D) LimsY s " 3
( s ) MCQ 3.55 What is
the rms value of the voltage waveform shown in Figure ?
(A) ( )200 / π V (B) ( )100 / π V (C) 200 V (D) 100 V
YEAR 2001 ONE MARK
MCQ 3.56 Given the relationship between the input u ( t ) and the output y ( t ) to be
y () t #
(2t)e(t
)u()d,
The transfer function Y ( s )/ U ( s ) is
(A)
s
=t
+−τ-3
-τττ0
2e
-
s2 +
3
(B)
s
+
2(s
+
3 ) 2 (C)
2s
+
5s
+
3
(D)
2s
+
7(s
+
3 ) 2 Common data Questions Q.57-58*
Consider the voltage waveform v as shown in figure
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MCQ 3.57 The DC component of v is

(A) 0.4 (B) 0.2 (C) 0.8 (D) 0.1
MCQ 3.58 The amplitude of fundamental component of v is
(A) 1.20 V (B) 2.40 V (C) 2 V (D) 1 V
***********
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CHAP 3 SIGNALS & SYSTEMS PAGE 129 SOLUTION
SOL 3.1 Option (C) is correct.

x[n]=b13
bl n − 1 2
l
n
u[n]=b1
3
l n un [ ] + b 1 3
l−
n u [ − n − 1] −
b12
l
n
un ( ) Taking z-transform
X z6 @ = /
3
n
=−
3
b13
ln
z−
n
un [ ] / 3
zu[n]2
z un [ ] GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia &
Ashish Murolia Published by: NODIA and COMPANY ISBN: 9788192276243 Visit us at:
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+ n =− 3
b13
l
−
n
−
n
−−
1
−
/3
b1ln
−
n
1
n
=−
3
/3=
13
z−
/−
3
z/
3
z
−
=
0
z
=bln
n
0
n
+n
=−
b13
l−
n
−
n
−
nb12
l
n
n
=n
1 / 3 = 44 0 2 b I 3 1 44 l n
3/3/3
Taking m =− n = =
Series I converges if
z3
+m
1 44 1 2 b II 1 3
44 z
lm
3−
n 1 44 0
2 b III 2
1 z 44 l
n
31
< 1 or z
>
1 3 Series II converges if 1 3
z
< 1 or z < 3 Series III converges if
z2 1
< 1 or z
>
1 2 Region of convergence of X ( z ) will be intersection of above three So, ROC : 1 2
<z
< 3 SOL 3.2 Option (D) is correct.
Using s-domain differentiation property of Laplace transform. If f ( t ) L
F ( s ) tf ( t
)L
−
dF ds
(s
)
So, L
[ tf ( t )] =
−
ds
d
;s2
+1
s+
1
E
=
(s2+2s
s+
+
1
1
)2
SOL 3.3 Option (A) is correct.

Convolution sum is defined as
y [ n ] = hn [ ] *
gn [ ] = /
3
hngn [ ] [ −
k]k
=−
3 For causal sequence, y [ n ] = /

3
hngn [ ] [ −
k]k=
0 y [ n ] = hngn [ ] [ ] + hngn [ ] [ − 1] + hngn [ ] [ − 2] +
.....
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For n = 0 , y [ 0 ] = h [ 0 ] g [ 0 ] + h [ 1 ] g [ − 1 ] +
........... = h [ 0 ] g [ 0 ] g [ − 1 ] = g [ − 2 ] = .... 0 = h [ 0 ] g [ 0 ] ...(i)
For n = 1 , y [ 1 ] = h [ 1 ] g [ 1 ] + h [ 1 ] g [ 0 ] + h [ 1 ] g [ − 1 ] +
.... = h [ 1 ] g [ 1 ] + h [ 1 ] g [ 0 ] 2
1
=12
g[1
]+12
g
[0]h
[1] = b 1 2
l
1
=121=g[1]+g[0]g[1]=1−g[0]
From equation (i), g [ 0
]=hy
[[00
]]
=11
= 1 So, g [ 1 ] = 1 − 1 = 0 SOL 3.4 Option (C) is correct.
H ( jω
)=
( 2 cos ω )( ω
sin 2
ω
) = sin ω
3
ω
+
sin ω
ω
We know that inverse Fourier transform of sinc function is a rectangular function.
So, inverse Fourier transform of H ( jω
) h ( t ) = h 1 () t +
h2
() t
h ( 0 ) = h 1 (0) +
h
2
(0) = 1 2
+12
= 1 SOL 3.5 Option (D)
is correct.
y(t)=
#
t x ( τ ) cos ( 3 τ ) d τ 3−
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Time invariance : Let, x ( t ) =

δ ( )t y ( t ) =
#
t δ ( t ) cos ( 3
τ ) d τ = u ( t ) (0)cos = u ( t ) 3− For a delayed input ( t t
0 ) GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia &
www.nodia.co.in
− output is
ytt
(, 0
)=#
tδ(t−
t0
) cos ( 3
τ ) d τ u ( t ) cos (3 t
0 ) 3−
= Delayed output
y(t−t
0
)=u(t−
t
0 ) ytt
(, 0
)!y(t−
t
0 ) System is not time invariant. Stability : Consider a
bounded input x ( t ) =
cos t3 y ( t ) = # t cos − 3 t
#
cos
t
2
# dt #
cos t dt
As t " 3 , y () t " 3 (unbounded) System is not stable.
SOL 3.6 Option (D) is correct.
f ( t ) a ( a n cos t b n
sin n t ) n
23
=
t
−
31−
2
6=1
t1−3−
12
t
−
36
=0
+/3
ω+ω=
1
• The given function f ( t ) is an even function, therefore b n

=
0
• f ( t ) is a non zero average value function, so it will have a non-zero value of a
0
a
0=
^1/
h
#0
/T
2
(average value of f ( t ) )
•a
n
T
2
f(t)
dt
is zero for all even values of n and non zero for odd n
a
n
=T2
#0
T
f () t cos
( n ω t ) d ( ω t ) So, Fourier expansion of f ( t ) will have
a
0
and a
n
, n = 135f3 , , SOL 3.7

Option (A) is correct.
x ( t ) = e − t Laplace transformation
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X(s
)=
s+1
1 y ( t ) = e − t2 Y ( s ) =
s+1
2 Convolution in time domain is equivalent to multiplication in
frequency domain.
z ( t ) = x () t ) y () t Z ( s ) = X () s Y () s
=
bs+1
1
bl s + 1
2
l
By partial fraction and taking inverse Laplace transformation, we get
Z(s
)=
s+1
1
−
s+1
2
z ( t ) = e − t − e − t2 SOL 3.8 Option (D) is correct.
f(t)L
F1
(s)f(t−τ)L
e−
s
τ F 1 () s = F 2 () s G ( s
)=
F 2 () F s 1
(Fs)1)
() 2
s
=
e−
s
τ F 1 () s F 1 ) () s F 1
(s
)
2
=
e−
sE
F1
F(s1
)(s)
2
"
a F 1 () s F 1 )
() s = F 1
() s 2 = e − s τ Taking inverse Laplace transform
g ( t ) = L − 1 [ e − s τ ] = δ ( t − τ ) SOL 3.9 Option (C) is correct.
h ( t ) = e − t + e − t2 Laplace transform of h ( t ) i.e. the transfer function
H(s
)s1
s2=
+1
+
+1
2 For unit step input
r ( t ) μ= ( )t or Output, R ( s
)=
1 s Y ( s ) = R () s H () s
=
1s:s+1
1
+
s
+1
2
D
By partial fraction
Y(s
)=23
s−
s+1
1
−
bs+1
2
l
12
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Taking inverse Laplace

y(t)=32
u () t − e −
t
u ()
t
−e−
t2
2u(t
)
= u () t 6 15 . − e − t − 05 . e − t2 @
System is given as
H(s
) ( s 1 ) GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish
Murolia Published by: NODIA and COMPANY ISBN: 9788192276243 Visit us at:
www.nodia.co.in
=
2+
Step input R ( s
)=
1s
Output Y ( s ) =
H () s R () s =
(s+2
1
)
s1
=2
−
2+
1 Taking inverse Laplace
transform
y ( t ) = ( 2 − 2 e − t ) u () t Final value of y ( t ) ,
y ss
(t)bl
s(s)=t
limy "3
(t)=
2
Let time taken for step response to reach 98% of its final value is t
s
. So,
2 − 2e − t
s = .2 # 0 98 .0 02 = e −
tst
s
= ln 50 = .3 91 sec.
Period of x ( t ) ,
T
=
2
ω
π
= .0 2
8
π
π
= sec2 . 5 SOL 3.12 Option (B) is correct. Input output relationship
y(t)=
#
3-
t5 x ( τ ) d τ , t > 0 Causality : y ( t ) depends on x ( 5 t ), t > 0 system is non-causal. For example

t = 2 y ( 2 ) depends on x ( 10 ) (future value of input) Linearity : Output is integration of input
which is a linear function, so system is linear.
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Fourier series of given function
x(t)=A0
+/
3
a n cos n ω t +
b n sin n ω t n
=
1 a x ( t ) =− x ( t ) odd function So, A 0

0
00
=an
=
0
b
n
=
T2#0
T x ( t )sin
nω0
tdt
=T2
=#0
T
/
2
( 1 ) sin n ω 0 t dt + # T T / 2 ( − 1
) sin
nω0
t dt
G
=
T 2 = c cos −
nnωω
00
t
cm T
0
/
2
−
cos −
nnωω
00
tmTT
/
2
G
=nω
2
0
T
6 ( 1 − cos n π ) + ( cos 2
n π − cos
n
π)@
=n
2π
61−(−1)
n
@
b
n
=*
0n
4π,,
n
odd
n
even So only odd harmonic will be present in x ( t ) For
second harmonic component ( n = 2 ) amplitude is zero.
By parsval’s theorem
12
π
#-
3
X()2
d
=
#
3 x 2 ( t ) dt X ( ω ) d2 ω 3
ωω
3
3
-#-
3
= 2 π # 2 = 4π SOL 3.15 Option (C) is correct.

Given sequences x [ n
]={1-
, − 1 }, 0 # n # 1 y [ n
] = { 1000 -
, , , , − 1 }, 0 # n # 4 If impulse response is h [ n ] then
y [ n ] = hn [ ] * xn [ ] Length of convolution ( y [ n ]) is 0 to 4, x [ n ]
is of length 0 to 1 so length of h [ n ] will be 0 to 3. Let h [ n
]=
{ abcd -
,,,}
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Convolution
y[n
]={a-
, − a + b , − b + c , − c + d , − d } By comparing
a = 1 − a + b = 0 & b = a = 1 − b + c = 0 & c = b = 1 − c + d = 0 & d = c = 1 So, h [ n
]=
{ 1111 - , , , } SOL 3.16 Option (D) is correct.
We can observe that get g ( t ) .
if we scale f ( t ) by a factor of
12
and then shift, we will
First scale f ( t ) by a factor of
g1
(t
) = f ( t /2) GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish
www.nodia.co.in
12
Shift g 1
(t
) by 3, g ( t ) = g 1
(t−3
)=
f
`t
−2
3
j
g(t)=f
`t
2−
32
j
g ( t ) can be expressed as
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g ( t ) = u ( t − 3) − u ( t − 5) By shifting property we can write Laplace transform of g

(t)G(s
)=1s
e
-3s−1s
e
-5s=e
-
3
ss
(1 −
e
-
2s
)
Let x ( t ) L
X ( s ) y () t L Y () s h () t L
H () s So output of the system is given as
Y ( s ) = X () s H () s Now for input x ( t − τ ) L e -
s τ X ( s ) (shifting property) h ( t − τ ) L
e τ−
s H ( s ) So now output is Y '( s ) = e - s τ X () s $ e -

τ s H () s = e - s2 τ X () s H () s = e - s2 τ Y ( s ) y '( t ) = y ( t − 2 τ ) SOL 3.19 Option (B) is
correct.
Let three LTI systems having response H 1 ( z ), H 2
(z
) and H 3
(z
) are Cascaded as showing
below
Assume H 1
(z
) = z 2 + z 1 + 1 (non-causal) H 2
(z
) = z 3 + z 2 + 1 (non-causal) Overall response of the system
H(z)=
H 1 () z H 2 () z H 3
() z H ( z ) = ( z 2 + z 1 + 1 )( z 3 + z 2
+
1 ) H 3 ( z ) To make H ( z ) causal we have to take H 3
(z
) also causal. Let H 3
(z
)=z-6+z-
4 + 1 = ( z 2 + z 1 + 1 )( z 3 + z 2 + 1 )( z - 6 + z - 4 + 1 ) H ( z ) " causal Similarly to make H ( z
) unstable atleast one of the system should be unstable.
Given signal
x(t)=
/3
ak
ej2π
kt /
T
k
=-
3 GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish

www.nodia.co.in
www.gatehelp.com
Let
ω0
is the fundamental frequency of signal x ( t ) x ( t ) =
/3
ak
e
jk ω
t
k
=-
3
0
a
2T
π
ω=
0
x(t)=a-
2
e-
j2
ω0t+a-
1e-
j ω 0 t + a 0 + ae 1 j ω 0 t + ae 2
j2
ω
0
t
= (2 − j ) e - 2
j ω 0 t + (0.5 + 0.2 j ) e -
jω0
t + 2 j + + (0.5 − 0.2) e j ω 0 t + (2 + j ) e j 2
ω
0 t = 2 6 e - j 2 ω 0 t + e j 2 ω 0 t 6@ + j e j 2 ω 0 t − e - j 2
ω0
t @ + 0.5 6 e j ω 0 t + e - j ω 0 t @ − 0.2 j 6 e + j ω 0 t − e -
jω0
t
@ + 2 j = 2(2 cos 2 ω 0 t ) + j (2 j
sin 2 ω 0 t ) + 0.5(2 cos ω 0
t
) − 0.2 j (2 j sin ω 0
t)+
2 j = 6 4 cos 2 ω 0 t − 2 sin 2 ω 0
t + cos ω 0 t + 0 . 4
sin ω 0
t @ + 2 j Im [ x ( t )] = 2 (constant) SOL 3.21 Option (A) is correct.
Z-transform of x [ n ] is
X ( z ) = 4 z - 3 + 3 z - 1 + 2 − 6 z 2 + 2 z 3 Transfer function of the system
H ( z ) = z3 - 1 − 2 Output Y ( z ) = H () z X () z Y ( z ) = (3 z - 1 − 2)(4 z - 3 + 3 z -
1 + 2 − 6 z 2 + 2 z 3 ) = 12 z - 4 + 9 z - 2 + 6 z - 1 − 18 z + 6 z 2 − 8 z - 3 − 6 z - 1 − 4 + 12 z 2 −
4 z 3 = 12 z - 4 − 8 z - 3 + 9 z - 2 − 4 − 18 z + 18 z 2 − 4 z 3 Or sequence y [ n ] is
y [ n ] = 12 δ [ n − 4 ] − 8 δ [ n − 3 ] + 9 δ [ n − 2 ] − 4 δ [ n ] −
18 δ [ n + 1] + 18 δ [ n + 2] − 4 δ [ n + 3] y [ n ] =Y 0 , n < 0 So y [ n ] is non-causal with finite
support.
Since the given system is LTI, So principal of Superposition holds due to linearity. For causal
system h ( t ) = 0 , t < 0 Both statement are correct.
For an LTI system output is a constant multiplicative of input with same frequency.
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Here input g ( t ) = e α-
t sin ( ω t ) output y ( t ) = K e β- t sin ( vt + φ ) Output will be in form of K e α- t sin (
ω t + φ ) So \ = β ,v = ω SOL 3.24 Option (D) is correct. Input-output relation
y(t)=
-# 3-
x t2
( τ ) d τ Causality : Since y ( t ) depends on x ( − t2 ) , So it is non-causal.

Time-variance :
y(t)=#
3- - x 2
t(τ−τ0
)dτ=Y
y(t
−
τ 0 ) So this is time-variant. Stability : Output y ( t ) is
unbounded for an bounded input. For example Let x ( τ ) = e τ-
( bounded ) y ( t ) = #
-3-e2-
tτ
d
τ=
8−e
-
τ1
B
-
-
2t
3 $ Unbounded SOL 3.25 Option (A) is

correct. Output y ( t ) of the given system is
y ( t ) = x () t ) h () t Or Y ( jω ) = X ( j ω ) H ( j ω ) Given that, x ( t ) = sinc (
α )t and h ( t ) = sinc ( β )t Fourier transform of x ( t ) and h ( t ) are
X ( jω ) = F
[ x ( t )] = α π
rect
`2
ω
α
j
, − α < ω < α H ( jω ) = F
[ h ( t )] = π β
rect
`2
ωβ
j
, − β < ω < β Y ( jω ) =
π
2 αβ
rect ` 2 ω α
`j rect
2
ωβ
j
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So, Y ( jω ) =
rect
`2
ω
j
Where γ = min ( α , β ) And y ( t ) = K sinc ( γ )t SOL 3.26 Option (B) is correct.
Let a
k
K
γ
is the Fourier series coefficient of signal x ( t ) Given y ( t ) = x ( t − t 0 ) + x ( t +
t
0 ) Fourier series coefficient of y ( t
)b
k
=-ω+ωb
k
e jk t
0ak
e jk t
0
ak=
2 a k cos k ω t
0b
k
= 0 (for all odd k)

kω
t
0
=π2
, k " odd k
2T
π
t
0
=
π2
For k = 1 , t
0
=
T4
SOL 3.27 Option ( ) is correct.
Given that X ( z
)=
(z−z
a
)2
, z > a Residue of X ( z ) zn 1- at z = a is
= dz d
(z−a)2X(z)
zn
-
1z=
a
= dz d
(z−
a
)
2
(z−z
a
)2
zn
-
z=
a
dz 1 =
d
zn
z=
a
=-
1=
= nan - 1 SOL 3.29 Option (C) is

correct.
Given signal
x ( t ) rect t
2
nzn
za
=`−
1
j
So, x ( t
)=
* 1, 0 , − 1 2
#t−
12
1 2 elsewhere
# or 0 # t
#
1
Similarly
x ( − t ) = rect ` − t
−
12
j
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x(−
t)=
* 1, 0 , GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Published by:
−12
#−t−12
1 2 elsewhere
# or −
1#t
#
0
F [ x ( t ) + x ( − t )] = # 3
x ( t ) e j t dt + #
x ( − t ) e j t dt ( 1 ) e j t dt ( 1 ) e j t dt 0
3
-
ω3ω-
3
-
-=#1
-ω+#-
1
0
-ω=
;−e
-jj
ω ω t ;E 1
+0
e-
jωt−
j
ω
0E-
1
=1j
ω (1 − e
-
jω)+1
j
ω
(e
j
ω − 1)
=e
-
j
ω
/
2j
ω(ejω/2−e
-j
ω
/
2
)+e
j
ω
/
2j
ω
(ejω/2−
e
-
j
ω
/
2
)
=
( e j ω / 2 − e - j ω / 2 )( e -
jω/2+ejω/2
)j
ω
=
2
sin ` ω 2 j 2 cos
`ω2
j
=
ω
`ωπ
j
SOL 3.30 Option (B) is correct.
In option (A)
z1
[n
]ω
$
2 cos
2 sinc
2
=x[n−3]z2
[n
]=z1
[4 n ] = x [4 n
− 3] y [ n ] = z 2
[ − n ] = x [ − 4 n − 3] = Y
x [3 − 4 n ] In option (B)
z1
[n
]=x[n+3]z2
[n
]=z1
[4 n ] = x [4 n
+ 3] y [ n ] = z 2
[−n]=x[−4n
+ 3] In option (C)
v1
[n
] = x [ n4 ] v 2
[n
]=v1
[−n]=x[−
4n]y[n]=v2
[ n + 3] = x [ − 4( n + 3)] = Y
x [3 − 4 n ] In option (D)
v1
[n
] = x [ n4 ] v 2
[n
]=v1
[−n]=x[−
4n]y[n]=v2
[ n − 3] = x [ − 4( n − 3)] = Y
x [3 − 4 n ] SOL 3.31 Option ( )
is correct.
The spectrum of sampled signal s ( jω ) contains replicas of U ( jω ) at frequencies ! nf s
. Where n =
0 , 1 , 2 ....... f
s
=T1
s
=1
secm
1
=
1
kHz
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For an LTI system input and output have identical wave shape (i.e. frequency of input-output is
same) within a multiplicative constant (i.e. Amplitude response is constant) So F must be a sine
or cosine wave with
12
ω ω=
Given signal has the following wave-form
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Function x(t) is periodic with period T2 and given that

x ( t ) =− x ( t + T ) (Half-wave symmetric) So we can obtain the fourier series representation of
given function.
Output is said to be distortion less if the input and output have identical wave shapes within a
multiplicative constant. A delayed output that retains input waveform is also considered
distortion less. Thus for distortion less output, input-output relationship is given as
y ( t ) Kg ( t t
d ) GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK
Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Published by: NODIA and COMPANY ISBN: 9788192276243
Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
= − Taking Fourier transform.
Y ( ω ) = KG ( ω ) e - j ω t
d
= G ( ω ) H ( ω ) H ( ω ) & transfer function of the

system So, H ( ω ) = Ke -
jωt
d
Amplitude response H ( ω ) = K Phase response, θ n

(ω)
=−
ωt
d For distortion less output, phase response should be proportional to frequency.
G(z
) z = ej ω
= α e − j ω + β e − j3 ω for linear phase characteristic α β= .

System response is given as
H(z
)=
1
−
G KG ( z )
(z
) g [ n ] = δ [ n − 1 ] + δ [ n − 2 ] G ( z ) = z - 1 + z - 2 So H ( z
)=
(z-1+
z
-
2
)1−K(z-1+
z
-
2
)
=
z+
1z2
− Kz −
K For system to be stable poles should lie
inside unit circle.
z#1z=
K!
K22
41+
K
# K ! K 2 + K4 # 2 K 2+ 4 K # 2 − K K 2+ 4 K # 4 − 4K +
K2 8K # 4 K #
1/2
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SOL 3.37 Option (C) is correct. Given Convolution is,

h ( t ) = u ( t + 1 ) ) r ( t − 2 ) Taking Laplace transform on both sides,
H ( s ) = L [ h ( t )] = L [ u ( t + 1)] ) L [ r ( t − 2)] We know that, L [ u ( t )] =
1 / s L [ u ( t + 1)] GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia &
www.nodia.co.in
=
e
s c s2 1
m
(Time-shifting property)
and L [ r ( t )] =
1/s2 L r ( t −
2)=e
-
s2 c s2 1
m
(Time-shifting property)
So H ( s
)=;e
s`1s
j ;E -
s2 c 1
mE
H(s
)e
s2 = e
-
s c s3 1
m Taking inverse Laplace transform
h(t)=12
(t−1)2u(t
− 1 ) SOL 3.38 Option (C) is
correct.
Impulse response of given LTI system.
h [ n ] = xn [ − 1 ] ) yn [ ] Taking z-transform on both sides.
H ( z ) = z - 1 X () z Y () z a x [ n − 1] Z
z - 1 x ( z ) We have
X ( z ) = 1 − 3 z - 1 and Y ( z ) = 1 + 2 z - 2 So H ( z ) = z - 1 ( 1 − 3 z - 1 )( 1 + 2 z - 2 ) Output
of the system for input u [ n ] = δ [ n − 1] is ,
y ( z ) = H () z U () z Un [ ] Z
Uz () = z - 1 So
Y ( z ) = z - 1 (1 − 3 z - 1 )(1 + 2 z - 2 ) z -
1=z-2(1−3z-1+2z-2−6z-3)=z-2−3z-3+2z-4−6z-5
Taking inverse z-transform on both sides we have output.
y [ n ] = δ [ n − 2 ] − 3 δ [ n − 3 ] + 2 δ [ n − 4 ] − 6 δ [ n − 5 ] SOL
3.39 Option (B) is correct.
A bounded signal always possesses some finite energy.
E=
#-
tt
0
0
g(t)2
dt <
3
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Trigonometric Fourier series is given as
x(t)=A0+/
3
an
cos n ω 0
t+
b n sin n ω t n
=
1 Since there are no sine terms, so b n

0
0
=
b
n
=
T20
#0
T
0
x ( t )sin
nω0
tdt
=T2
0
=#0
T
0
/
2
x ( τ ) sin n ωτ 0 d τ + # T 0 T /
2 x ( t ) sin
nω0
tdt
G
Where τ = T − t & d τ =−
dt = T
2
0
;#T0T
0
/
2
x ( T − t ) sin n ω 0
( T − t )( − dt ) + # T
0T
/2
x ( t ) sin
nω0
tdt
E
=T
20;#TOT/O
2
x ( T − t ) sin n
`2
T
π
T − t j dt ++
#T0T
/2
x ( t ) sin
nω0
tdt
E
=T2
0
;#T0T/0
2
x ( T − t ) sin ( 2
nπ−nω0
) dt + # T
0T/0
2
x ( t ) sin
nω0
tdt
E
T
# ( ) sin ( ) #
( ) sin
b
n
0=20
;−T0
T
0
/2
xT−tnω0
t dt ++ T 0
T0
/2
xtnω0
tdt
E
= if x ( t ) = x ( T − t ) From half wave symmetry we know that if
x ( t ) =−
x`t
!T2
j
Then Fourier series of x ( t ) contains only odd harmonics.
Z-transform of a discrete all pass system is given as
H(z
)=
1z−
−1
−z0
zz
−0)
It has a pole at z
0
1
and a zero at 1
/z ).
0 Given system has a pole at
z = 2 + 30 % =
2
(3
2
+
)j
=(3+
)j
www.gatehelp.com
system is stable if z < 1 and for this it is anti-causal.

According to given data input and output Sequences are
x[n
]={−1,2-
}, − 1 # n # 0 y [ n ] = { − 1 , 3 - , − 1 , − 2 }, − 1 # n # 2 If impulse response of system is h [ n ]
then output
y [ n ] = hn [ ] ) xn [ ] Since length of convolution ( y [ n ]) is 1− to 2, x [ n ] is of
length − 1 0to so length of h [ n ] is 0 to 2. Let h [ n ] Convolution
=
{ abc - , , } y [ n ] = { − a , 2 a -
−b,2b−c,2c}y[n
] = { − 1,3, − 1, − 2} So,
-a=
1 2 a − b = 3 & b =−
1 2 a − c =− 1 & c =− 1 Impulse response
h[n]="1-
, − 1, − 1 ,
SOL 3.43 Option ( ) is correct.
Output y ( t ) = e - x ( t ) If x () t is unbounded, x ( t ) " 3
y ( t ) = e - x ( t ) " 0 ( bounded ) So y () t is bounded even when x ( t ) is not bounded.
Given y ( t ) =
#t
x ( t ' ) dt ' 3− GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Published
by: NODIA and COMPANY ISBN: 9788192276243 Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
www.gatehelp.com
Laplace transform of y ( t ) Y ( s ) = X s
(s
)
, has a singularity at s = 0 For a causal bounded input, y ( t ) =
#t
x ( t ' ) dt '
is always bounded. 3−
RMS value is given by
Where
V
rms
=
1T
#
V ( t ) GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish
www.nodia.co.in
T
V2
(t)
dt 0
*`0,2
j
t,
0
T2
#t
#
T2
t#
T
So T
()
=
T
<
1#0
T
2
=T=#0
/ V t dt
1T
2
`T2
t
j2
dt +
#TT/2(0
)
dt
G
TT=
1$42
#
/T
2
=T4
3
;t33
E
/T
0
2
T
2
0
t dt
=
4
3
# T 24 3
=
16
V
rms
=
1 6 V SOL 3.47 Option (A) is correct. By final value theorem
2 t" limf 3
(t
)=
limsF s " 0
(s
)=
lims s "
0
( 5 s + 23 s
+
6
)s(s2
+2s
+
2
)=62
= 3 SOL 3.48 Option (D) is correct.
f(x)=
sin x2 =
1−
cos 2
2
x
= 05 . − 05 . cos 2 x f ( x ) = A 0 + /
3
an
cos n ω 0
x+
b n sin n ω x f ( x ) = sin x2 n
=
1 is an even function so b n
0
0
=A
0
= .0 5 a
n
)
−0
0.5,
n=
1 , otherwise
0
=
ω
=2πT0
=2
T
π
=
2
www.gatehelp.com

Z-transform F ( z
)=
z+1
1
=1
−
z
+z
1
=1
−
1
+1
z−
1
so, f ( k ) = δ ( k ) − ( − 1) k Thus ( −
1)k Z
11
+z−
1

Root mean square value is given as
I
rms
=
1T
#
From the graph, I ( t ) GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Published by: NODIA and COMPANY ISBN: 9788192276243 Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
T
I2
(t)
dt 0
*
− 6 , ` 12
j
t,
T0
/#
2
t
<
T2<
t#
T
So
T
=
T
1#0
T
2
=
T 1 = # 0 I dt
T
/
2
`−
T 12
t
j2
dt +
#TT/2(6
)
2
dt
G
= T 1 e 144
T
2
;t
33
ET0
/
2
+ 36
6t
@
TT
/
2 o 1 144
T3TT
2
24 36
T2=1
+ = 24 I rms
=;cm+`jE
T
[6 T 18 T
]
= 24 = 2 6 A SOL 3.51 Option (B) is correct.
Total current in wire
I = 10 + 20 sin ω t I rms
= ( 10
)
2
+ ( 20 2
)
2
= 17.32 A SOL 3.52 Option (C) is

correct.
Fourier series representation is given as
f(t)A/
3
a n cos n t b n
sin n t n
= From the wave form we can write fundamental period T =
2 sec f ( t
)=0+ω0+
ω01
Zf(t)]]
4
t
, = [ ]]
−\f(−4Tt),−
T2
#t
#
0
,
0
##
2 f () t is an even function So, b
n
=
`
T
j
`
j
tt
T
=0A
0
=
T1
T
#
f(t)
dt
www.gatehelp.com
=T1=#-
T
2
T
0
/
` 4 j tdt
+#0
T
/
2
`−
T4
j tdt
G
=T1eT4
;t22
E0-
T
/
2
−
T4
;t22
ET0
/
2 o = T 1 ; T 4 c 8 2 cm − 4 T 8 2
mE=0a
n
T
T
=
T2
T
#
f ( t )cos
nω0
tdt
=T#-
T
2
T
cos ω 0
+#
T
/
2
−
cos ω By solving the integration
a
n
2=0
/
`4jtnt
0
`T4
jtn0
tdt
G
=*
n
28
2π ,
n
is odd
So,
0
,
n
is even
f ( t ) = 8 2π
8 cos π t + 1 9
cos ( 3
π t ) + 25 1
cos ( 5
πt
)+
.... B
Response for any input u ( t ) is given as
y ( t ) = u () t ) h () t h ( t ) " impulse response y ( t ) = # -
33
u ( τ ) h ( t − τ ) d τ Impulse response h ( t ) and step response s ( t ) of a system is related as

h(t)=
dt d
[ s ( t )]
So y ( t ) #
u
( ) dt
[ ] dt
#
()()
Final value theorem states that
t"3 limy ( t
)=3
τd
st−
τdτ=d
3
uτst−τdτ-
3
-
3
s"3 limY ( s ) SOL 3.55 Option (D) is correct.

V
rms
#
here T
0
=
1T
0
V2
(t)
dt T 0 π= 1 T
0
#T0
V2
(t)
dt
=π1
=#0
π
/
3
(100) 2 dt + # π
/23π
/
3
( − 100) 2
dt +
#2ππ
/
3 ( 100
)2
dt
G
=π1
8 10 4 ` π 3 j + 10 4 ` π 3 j +
10
4
`π3
jB
= 104 V
www.gatehelp.com
V
rms
= 10 4 = 100 V SOL 3.56 Option (D) is correct.

Let h ( t ) is the impulse response of system
y ( t ) = u () t ) h () t y ( t ) = # 0
tu(τ)h(t−
τ)dτ=#
0
t
(2+t−τ)e-3
(t
- τ ) u ( τ ) d τ So h ( t ) = ( t + 2) e - t3 u ( t ), t > 0 Transfer
function
H(s
) = Y U GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Published by: NODIA and COMPANY ISBN: 9788192276243 Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
(s
)(s
)
=
(s+1
3
)2
+
(s+2
3)=
1(+s
+2s
3
+)2
(2s
+
7
)s
3
2

Fourier series representation is given as
v ( t ) A a n cos n t b n
sin n t n
6
=
(+
)
/3
period of given wave form =
T = 5 ms DC component of v is
A
0
=0+ω0+
ω01
=
T1
T
#
v(t)
dt
=15
>0
#3
1 dt + 3 #
5
−1
dt
H
=15
63−5+3@
=
15
Coefficient, a
n
=
T2
T
#
v ( t )cos
nω0
tdt
=25
>0
#3
( 1 ) cos nwt dt + 3 #
5
(−1
) cos nwt dt
H
=25
f : sin n
nω
ω
t
:D 3
0
− sin n
nω
ω
t
D 5 3 p Put
ω
=2
T
π=
2
5π
a
n
=n
1
π
6 sin 3 n ω − sin 5 n ω + sin
3
n
ω@
www.gatehelp.com
=n
1
π
;2
sin b 3
n2
5 π l − sin
b5
n
2
5π
lE
n
sin 6
sin
=1
π
;2
bπ5
n
l−^2
n
πhE
=n
2π
sin
b6
π5
nl
Coefficient, b
n
=
T2
T
#
v ( t )sin
nω0
tdt
=25
>0
#3
( 1 ) sin nwt dt + 3 #
5
(−1
) sin nwt dt
H
=25
f 9 − cos n
nω
ω
t
9C 3
0
−−
cos n
nω
ω
t
C 5 3 p put
ω
=2
T
π=
2
5π
b
n
=n
1
π
6 − cos 3 n ω + 1 + cos 5 n ω − cos
3
n
ω@
=n
1
π
6 − 2 cos 3 n ω + 1 + cos
5
n
ω@
=n
1
π
; − 2 cos b 3
2
5 π l + 1 + cos
b5
2
5π
lE
n
cos
nn
=1
π
;−2
b6
π5
nl+1+1
E
=n
2π
;1
− cos
b6
π5
nlE
Amplitude of fundamental component of v is
v
f
=2
+
125a1
b
a
1=π2
sin b 6
π
l, b
1=π2
b1
− cos 6
5π
l
v
f
=π2
sin 2
6
5π+b1
− cos
6
5π
l
2
= .1 20 Volt
***********
GATE Multiple Choice Questions
For Electrical Engineering
By RK Kanodia 8k Ashish Murolia
Available in Two Volumes
Features:
o The book is categorized into chapter and the chapter are sub-divided into units
o Unit organization for each chapter is very constructive and covers the
complete sylla
bus
o Each unit contains an average of 40 questions o The questions match to the level
of GATE examination
o Solutions are well-explained, tricky and consume less time. Solutions are
presented in
such a way that it enhances you fundamentals and problem solving skills
o There are a variety of problems on each topic o Engineering Mathematics is also
included in the book
Contents
VOLUME-1
UNIT ELECTRIC CIRCUITs & FIELDs
1.1 Basic Concepts 1-20 1.2 Graph Theory 21-42 1.3 Methods of Analysis 43-63 1.4 Circuit
Theorems 64-85
1.5 Transient Response 86-113 1.6 Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 114-131 1.7 Circuit Analysis
In s-domain 132-151 1.8 Magnetically Coupled Circuits 152-171 1.9 Two-port Network 172-192
193-205
1.10 Frequency Response

1.11 Three-phase Circuits 206-218 219-236
UNIT 2 SIGNA LS & SYSTEMS
2.1 Continuous-Time Signals 237-261 2.2 Continuous-Time Systems 262-281 2.3 Discrete-Time
Signal 282-311 2.4 Discrete-Time System 312-331 2.5 The Laplace Transform 332-344 2.6 The
Z-transform 345-360
2.7 The Continuous-Time Fourier Transform 361-376
2.8 The Continuous-Time Fourier Series 377-396
2.9 Sampling 397-408

UNIt ELECTRICAL MACHINES
3.1 Transformer 409-438
3.2 DC Generator 439-463
3.3 DC Motor 464-492 3.4 Synchronous Generator 493-519 3.5 Synchronous Motor 520-539 3.6
Induction Motor 540-564 3.7 Single Phase Induction Motor & Special Purpose 565-581 Machines
UNIT POWER SYSTEM
4.1 Fundamentals of Power Systems 583-607 4.2 Characteristics & Performance of Transmission Lines 608-645
4.3 Load Flow Studies 646-659 4.4 Symmetrical Fault Analysis 660-687 4.5 Symmetrical
Components & Unsymmetrical Fault 688-715 Analysis 4.6 Power System Stability & Protection
716-740 741-760
4.7 Power System Control
ANSWER KEY
VOLUME-2
units CONTROL SYSTEM
5.1 Transfer Function
5.2 Stability
5.3 Time Response
5.4 The Root-Locus Technique
5.5 Frequency Domain Analysis
5.6 Design of Control System
5.7 The State Variable Analysis
units ELECTRICAL 3 ELECTRONG MEASU REMENTS
6.1 Measurement &z Error
6.2 Electromechanical Instruments
6.3 Instrument Transformer
6.4 Electronic & Digital Instruments

6.5 Measurement of R, L, C & AC Bridges
6.6 CRO
unit, AN A LOG 3. DGITAL. E. LECTRONCI
7.1 Diode Circuits
7.2 BJT Biasing &z Amplifier

7.3 FET Biasing & Amplifier
7.4 Operational Amplifier
7.5 Number System & Boolean Algebra
7.6 Combinational Logic Circuits
7.7 Sequential Logic Circuits
7.8 Digital Systems
7.9 Microprocessor
3-24
25-44
45-65
66-87
88-109
110-114
115-140
143-159
160-203
204-211
212-218
219-240
241-2.57
261-285
286-319
320-342
343-380
381-402
403-425
426-454
455-472
473-495
units POWERELECTRONICS
8.1 Power Semiconductor Devices 499-509
8.2 Diode Circuits & Rectifiers 510-516
8.3 Thyristor 517-532 8.4 Phase Controlled Converters 533-560
8.5 Choppers 561-575 8.6 Inverters 576-592
8.7 AC & DC Drives 593-603
units ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
9.1 Linear Algebra 607-626 9.2 Differential Calculus 627-650
9.3 Integral Calculus 651-671 9.4 Differential Equation 672-692 9.5 Complex Variable 693–711
9.6 Probability &z Statistics 712-730
9.7 Numerical Methods 731-745
Exclusive Series By JhunjhunuWala
GATE CLOUD
By R. K. Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
GATE Cloud is an exclusive series of books which offers a completely solved question
bank to GATE aspirants. The book of this series are featured as
X
X
Over 1300 Multiple Choice Questions with full & detailed explanations.
Questions are graded in the Order of complexity from basic to advanced level.
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Each question is designed to GATE exam level.
Step by step methodology to solve problems
O Available Title in this series D
Signals and Systems (For ECandEE)
Network Analysis (For EC)-- Available in 2 Volumes
Electric Circuit and Fields (For EE) -- Available in two volumes
Electromagnetic (For EC)
O Upcoming titles in this series)
Digital Electronics (Nov 2012)
Control Systems (Dec 2012)
Communication Systems (Jan 2012)
For Sample chapter please mail to enquiryOnodia.co.in or visit WWW.nodia.co.in
Exclusive Series By JhunjhunuWala
GATE GUIDE
Theory, Example and Practice By R. K , Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
GATE GUIDE is an exclusive series of books which provides theory, solved
examples &
practice exercises for preparing for GATE. A book of this series includes:
> Brief and explicit theory
S. Problem solving methodology
> Detailed explanations of examples
S. Practice Exercises
O Available Title in this series D
Signals and Systems (For ECandEE)
Network Analysis (For EC)
Electric Circuit and Fields (For EE)
( Upcoming titles in this series)
Digital Electronics(For EC and EE)
Control Systems (For EC and EE)
Communication Systems (For ECandEE)
For Sample chapter please mail to enquiryOnodia.co.in or visit WWW.nodia.co.in

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CHAPTER 3 SIGNALS & SYSTEMS

YEAR 2012 ONE MARK

MCQ 3.3 Let y [ n ] denote the convolution of h [ n ] and g [ n ] , where hn [ ] =

MCQ 3.6 The Fourier series expansion f ( t ) a a n

of the periodic signal

MCQ 3.11 The period of the signal x ( t ) 8

x ( τ ) d τ , t > 0 (A) Linear and causal 3−

. The Fourier Series coefficients of y ( t ) are denoted by b

can be equal to (A) /T 8 (B) /T 4 (C) /T 2 (D) T2

with z > a , the residue of X ( z ) zn 1- at z = a for

MCQ 3.29 Let x ( t ) = rect

and zero otherwise. x ( t ) + x ( − t ) will be given by

MCQ 3.33 A signal x ( t ) is given by

MCQ 3.39 The following is true

+ 1 1 for k > 0 is (A) ( − 1 ) kδ ( )k (B) δ ( k ) − ( − 1 ) k (C) ( − 1 ) k u ( k ) (D) u ( k ) − ( − 1 ) k

MCQ 3.52 Fourier Series for the waveform, f ( t ) shown in Figure is

MCQ 3.57 The DC component of v is

SOL 3.1 Option (C) is correct.

SOL 3.3 Option (A) is correct.

3 For causal sequence, y [ n ] = /

Time invariance : Let, x ( t ) =

• The given function f ( t ) is an even function, therefore b n

, n = 135f3 , , SOL 3.7

Taking inverse Laplace

t5 x ( τ ) d τ , t > 0 Causality : y ( t ) depends on x ( 5 t ), t > 0 system is non-causal. For example

SOL 3.13 Option (A) is correct.

1 a x ( t ) =− x ( t ) odd function So, A 0

= 2 π # 2 = 4π SOL 3.15 Option (C) is correct.

g ( t ) = u ( t − 3) − u ( t − 5) By shifting property we can write Laplace transform of g

s H ( s ) So now output is Y '( s ) = e - s τ X () s $ e -

3 GATE Previous Year Solved Paper By RK Kanodia & Ashish

( τ ) d τ Causality : Since y ( t ) depends on x ( − t2 ) , So it is non-causal.

3 $ Unbounded SOL 3.25 Option (A) is

= 0 (for all odd k)

= nan - 1 SOL 3.29 Option (C) is

SOL 3.32 Option (D) is correct.

Function x(t) is periodic with period T2 and given that

= G ( ω ) H ( ω ) H ( ω ) & transfer function of the

Amplitude response H ( ω ) = K Phase response, θ n

= α e − j ω + β e − j3 ω for linear phase characteristic α β= .

SOL 3.37 Option (C) is correct. Given Convolution is,

SOL 3.40 Option (C) is correct.

1 Since there are no sine terms, so b n

system is stable if z < 1 and for this it is anti-causal.

SOL 3.49 Option (B) is correct.

SOL 3.50 Option (A) is correct.

= 17.32 A SOL 3.52 Option (C) is

u ( τ ) h ( t − τ ) d τ Impulse response h ( t ) and step response s ( t ) of a system is related as

s"3 limY ( s ) SOL 3.55 Option (D) is correct.

= 10 4 = 100 V SOL 3.56 Option (D) is correct.

SOL 3.57 Option (B) is correct.

1.10 Frequency Response

2.9 Sampling 397-408

6.4 Electronic & Digital Instruments

7.2 BJT Biasing &z Amplifier

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