Types Transmission Lines

What is Transmission line?
a conductor or conductors designed to carry electricity or an electrical signal over large

distances with minimum losses and distortion.(Dictionary)
A transmission line is used for the transmission of electrical power from generating substation
to the various distribution units. It transmits the wave of voltage and current from one end to another.
The transmission line is made up of a conductor having a uniform cross-section along the line.
A transmission line is defined as a pair of electrical conductors carrying an electrical signal

from one place to another.
1. OPEN-WIRE LINE
• These lines are the parallel conductors open to air hence called open wire lines.
• The conductors separated by air as the dielectric and mountain on the towers.
• Example:
1.Telephone lines
2.Electrical power lines
Advantages:
1.Less capacitance compare to underground cable 
Disadvantages:
1.Requirement of towers/poles
2.High initial cost
3.Affected by atmospheric condition. (like wind, air, ice)
4.Shorting by flying objects
2. CABLES
• These are underground lines.
• Telephone cables consist hundred of conductors which are individually insulated with paper.
Electrical transmission cables consists two or three large conductor which insulated with oil impregnated
paper or other solid dielectric materials.
Advantages:
1.Reduced range of electromagnetic filed (EMF) emission, into the surrounding area.
2.Underground cables pose no hazard to low flying aircraft or to wildlife.
3.Much less subject to conductor theft, illegal connections. 
Disadvantages:
1.Undergrounding is more expensive.
2.Whereas finding and repairing overhead wire breaks can be accomplished in hours, underground
repairs can take days or weeks.
3. CO-AXIAL LINES
• As the name suggests, there are two conductors which are co-axially placed.
• One conductor is hollow and other placed co-axially inside the first conductor.
 The dielectric may be solid or gaseous.
 These lines use for high voltage levels.
Advantages:
1.Lower error rates.
2.Coaxial cable shielding reduces noise . 
Disadvantages:
1.More expensive to install compare to twisted pair cable.
4. WAVE GUIDES
• These type of transmission lines are used to transmit the electrical waves at micro frequencies.
• Constructionally these are the hollow conducting tubes having uniform cross section.
The energy is transmitted from inner walls of the tube by the phenomenon of total internal reflection.
Advantages:
1.Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables.
2. Low Power Loss.
3.Since the fiber is a dielectric, it does not present a spark hazard.
4. Optical fibers are difficult to tap. 
Disadvantages:
1.Cables are expensive to install but last longer than copper cables.
2.Transmission on optical fiber requires repeating at distance intervals.
3.Optical fibers require more protection around the cable compared to copper.
What is a transmission tower?

Transmission towers support the high-voltage conductors of overhead power lines, from the generating station switchyard
right up to the source substations and satellite substations located near populated areas.
Their shape, height and sturdiness (mechanical strength) depend on the stresses to which they are exposed. Towers do
not transmit electricity themselves unless lightning strikes the ground wire strung along the top of the structure. This cable
is designed to protect conductors by allowing lightning discharges to reach the ground through the tower.
What are the types of Transmission tower?

Waist-type tower
This is the most common type of transmission tower. It's used for voltages ranging from 110 to 735 kV. Because they're
easily assembled, these towers are suitable for power lines that cross very uneven terrain.
Double-circuit tower
This small-footprint tower is used for voltages ranging from 110 to 315 kV. Its height ranges from 25 to 60 metres.
Guyed-V tower
This tower is designed for voltages ranging from 230 to 735 kV. It's used mainly for power lines leaving the La Grande and
Manic-Outardes hydroelectric complexes. The guyed-V tower is more economical than the double-circuit and waist-type
towers.
Tublar steel pole
Featuring a streamlined, aesthetic shape, this structure is less massive than other towers, allowing it to blend easily into
the environment. For this reason, it's being used more and more in urban centres.
Guyed cross-rope suspension tower

With its simple design, this tower is easy to assemble. It's used on some sections of power lines leaving the La Grande
complex and supports 735-kV conductors. This type of structure requires less galvanized steel than the guyed-V tower,
making it lighter and less costly.
Crossings
Hydro-Québec's most prominent towers are used when overhead power lines must cross large water bodies, such as the
Rivière Saguenay or the St. Lawrence near Île d'Orléans and Carignan.
However, there is another way to reach the opposite shore: underneath the river. As a matter of fact, Hydro-Québec
operates a rather unique underwater power line designed for this purpose. In 1990, the company built the world's first
underwater river crossing for a 450,000-volt direct-current power line. The tunnel leaves the north shore near Grondines
and surfaces on the south shore close to Lotbinière substation.

Types Transmission Lines

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What is Transmission line?

a conductor or conductors designed to carry electricity or an electrical signal over large

A transmission line is defined as a pair of electrical conductors carrying an electrical signal

2.Electrical power lines

1.Less capacitance compare to underground cable 

3.Affected by atmospheric condition. (like wind, air, ice)

4.Shorting by flying objects

• These are underground lines.

2.Underground cables pose no hazard to low flying aircraft or to wildlife.

3.Much less subject to conductor theft, illegal connections. 

1.Undergrounding is more expensive.

1.Lower error rates.

2.Coaxial cable shielding reduces noise . 

1.More expensive to install compare to twisted pair cable.

2. Low Power Loss.

3.Since the fiber is a dielectric, it does not present a spark hazard.

4. Optical fibers are difficult to tap. 

2.Transmission on optical fiber requires repeating at distance intervals.

What is a transmission tower?

What are the types of Transmission tower?

Guyed cross-rope suspension tower

and surfaces on the south shore close to Lotbinière substation.

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