AREN 2110, Sections 001 and 002 EXTRA CREDIT PROBLEMS

December 6, 2006

EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITY: Due end of day, Thursday, Dec. 14

This extra credit set of questions is an opportunity to improve your test scores (including an
“insurance policy” for your final exam grade). There are 27 multiple choice questions in the
following pages, each worth 1 point. The points you receive for all questions answered correctly
will be added to your total test score (including two midterms and the final). For example, if you
received scores of 60 on midterm 1, 58 on midterm 2, and 70 on the final exam and answered all
27 extra credit questions correctly, your total point score for the exam component of the class
would be: 60 + 58 + 70 + 27 = 215, for a test average of 71.7 (this would be an improvement
over your total test score without extra credit = 188, average = 62.7). The application of the
extra credit will have a ceiling so that no one gets an average of over 100 for the three tests. Of
course, if you are satisfied with your test scores you do not have to do any of these problems.

Instructions: the questions are open book and notes, but they must be solved by you on your
own. Show your work that justifies your answer. Questions involve some computation or
explanation and you will not receive credit for an answer if you do not show your work or
reasoning, i.e., there is no credit for guessing. If you have questions, see Prof. Hernandez or
Silverstein. Please sign the honor code statement below before turning in the test, indicating that
you have not received any unauthorized assistance. Do not worry if your answer is not exact.
Select and circle the closest of the choices – only one answer is correct for each question. Staple
your worksheets to the exam, with the problems clearly numbered, when you turn it in.

Name (print)_____________________________________________________________

I have read, understand, and agree to abide by the University of Colorado honor code in this test context:
I have neither given nor received unauthorized assistance during this examination.

Signed:________________________________________________

Score: ____________/27 points possible

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AREN 2110, Sections 001 and 002 EXTRA CREDIT PROBLEMS
December 6, 2006
1. A vessel with a volume of 1 m3 contains liquid water and water vapor in equilibrium at 600
kPa. The liquid phase has a mass of 1 kg. The mass of water vapor is:

(a) 0.99 kg (b) 1.6 kg (c) 1.9 kg (d) 3.2 kg

2. The general equation for conservation of energy (1st Law) involves the following 5 terms:

I. accumulation of energy in the control volume

Using the standard sign conventions, which of the relations below is the correct arrangement of
these terms that satisfies the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

(a) I = – II + III + IV – V

(b) I = II + III + IV + V

(c) I = II + III + IV – V

(d) I = II – III – IV + V

3. In a reversible process, the state of a system changes from state 1 to state 2 as shown on the P-
v diagram. What does the shaded area of the diagram represent?

P
2
1

(a) free energy change

(b) heat transfer

(c) enthalpy change

(d) boundary work

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AREN 2110, Sections 001 and 002 EXTRA CREDIT PROBLEMS
December 6, 2006
4. How much power is required to isothermally compress 23 m3/min of air from 101.5 kPa to
828.5 kPa?

(a) 64 kw (b) 82 kw (c) 92 kw (d) 98 kw

5. Gas is in a closed piston-cylinder system. The gas is heated and expands from a volume of
0.04 m3 to 0.10 m3. The pressure varies such that the product P*v is constant, and the initial
pressure is 200 kPa. What is the work done by the system?

(a) 6.8 kJ (b) 7.3 kJ (c) 10 kJ (d) 12 kJ

6. Steam flows into a turbine with the characteristics below at a rate of 10 kg/s and 10 kw of heat
are lost from the turbine.

Property inlet exit

Neglecting potential and kinetic energy changes, what is the power output from the turbine?

(a) 4,000 kw (b) 4,400 kw (c) 4,600 kw (d) 5,000 kw

7. How does an adiabatic process compare to an isentropic process?

(a) adiabatic: heat transfer = 0; isentropic: heat transfer ≠ 0

(b) adiabatic: heat transfer ≠ 0; isentropic: heat transfer = 0

(c) adiabatic: reversible; isentropic: not reversible

(d) both: heat transfer = 0; isentropic: reversible

8. An isobaric steam generating process starts with saturated liquid at 143 kPa (Ts = 110 oC). The
change in entropy during the steam generating process is EQUAL to the initial entropy (e.g., Δs
= s1). Not all the liquid is vaporized. What is the change in enthalpy (Δh) during the process?

(a) – 300 kJ (b) – 461.3 kJ/kg (c) 461.3 kJ/kg (d) 543.5 kJ/kg

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AREN 2110, Sections 001 and 002 EXTRA CREDIT PROBLEMS
December 6, 2006
9. A piston-cylinder device contains saturated water vapor at 110 oC. The vapor is compressed in
a reversible adiabatic process until the pressure is 1.6 MPa. What is the work done in the
process?

(a) – 640 kJ/kg (b) – 510 kJ/kg (c) – 430 kJ/kg (d) – 330 kJ/kg

10. For which type of process is the equation dQ = Tds valid?

(a) irreversible (b) isothermal (c) reversible (d) isobaric

11. In the P-v diagram shown, heat addition to an ideal gas occurs in the process between states 1
and 2. If cv for the gas is constant and = 0.434 kJ/kg-K. What is the entropy produced during this
process.

P 2: 3,178 kPa, 1534K

1: 1,248 kPa, 600K

(a) – 0.41 kJ/kg-K (b) – 0.23 kJ/kg-K (c) 0.23 kJ/kg-K (d) 0.41 kJ/kg-K

12. An ideal reversible Carnot cycle is represented on the T-S diagram below. The efficiency of
the cycle is represented by which of the following ratios of areas?

T
TH
1 2

TL
6 3

S
5 4

1− 2 − 3 − 6 1− 2 − 4 − 5 3−4−5−6 1− 2 − 4 − 5
(a ) ( b) ( c) (d )
1− 2 − 4 − 5 1− 2 − 3 − 6 1− 2 − 4 − 5 3−4−5−6

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AREN 2110, Sections 001 and 002 EXTRA CREDIT PROBLEMS
December 6, 2006
13. In the Carnot cycle shown below, the net amount of heat put into the system is equal to the
net amount of work done by the system. However, it cannot be stated that the heat put into the
system between states 1 and 2 is equal to the work done between states 1 and 2. What is the
reason for this?

1 2

4 3

(a) the process is adiabatic

(b) the process is not adiabatic

(c) the 2nd law states that the amount of energy put into the system is equal to the amount of
energy taken out of the system

(d) from the 1st law: dQ = dU + dW. It cannot be assumed that dU1 Æ 2 = 0, so dQ ≠ dW.

14. For a heat engine operating between two temperatures where (T2 > T1), what is the maximum
efficiency attainable?

k
T T T ⎛T ⎞
(a) 1 − 2 (b) 1 − 1 (c) 1 (d) 1 − ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟
T1 T2 T2 ⎝ T2 ⎠

15. Steam expands from 1 MPa and 200 oC to a mixture, x = 0.83 and 40 oC. What is the change
in entropy of the steam?

(a) – 0.35 kJ/kg-K (b) 0 kJ/kg-K (c) 0.26 kJ/kg-K (d) 0.73 kJ/kg-K

16. Refrigerant (R-134a) is throttled in an adiabatic valve from h1 = 480 kJ/kg and P = 0.2 MPa
to a pressure of 0.06 MPa. What is the final enthalpy (h2)?

(a) 200 kJ/kg (b) 300 kJ/kg (c) 480 kJ/kg (d) 560 kJ/kg

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AREN 2110, Sections 001 and 002 EXTRA CREDIT PROBLEMS
December 6, 2006
17. The enthalpy of R-134a is reduced from 440 kJ/kg to 300 kJ/kg in a condenser maintained at
0.8 MPa (constant P). What is the final quality of the R-134a?

(a) 32% (b) 37% (c) 63% (d) 71%

18. Steam enters an adiabatic steady-state nozzle at 1 MPa, 250 oC, and 30 m/s. At one point in
the nozzle the enthalpy has dropped to 40 kJ/kg less than the inlet value. Determine the velocity
of the steam at that point.

(a) 31 m/s (b) 110 m/s (c) 250 m/s (d) 280 m/s

19. Air is compressed from 100 kPa and 40 oC to 1,500 kPa and 130 oC in a steady-flow process.
During the compression process, each kilogram of air loses 90 kJ as heat to the surroundings. Air
is discharged at the rate of 10 m3/min. The required power input for the compressor is

(a) 126 kw (b) 180 kw (c) 195 kw (d) 391 kw

20. Which of the following statements is the best interpretation of the 1st Law of
Thermodynamics for a closed system?

(a) The mass within a closed control volume does not change

(b) The net energy crossing the system boundary is the change in energy inside the system

(c) The change in total energy of the system is equal to the rate of work performed

(d) All real processes tend toward increased entropy in the universe

21-23. An ideal gas goes though a cycle consisting of three processes:

A Æ B: isothermal compression
B Æ C: isochoric cooling where pressure @ C, PC = 1.4 bars and VC = 0.028 m3
C Æ A: isobaric expansion with net work = 10.5 kJ

21. What is the volume at state A?

(a) 0.07 m3 (b) 0.10 m3 (c) 0.19 m3 (d) 0.24 m3

22. What is the work in the process A Æ B?

(a) – 19 kJ (b) – 13 kJ (c) 0 kJ (d) 5.3 kJ

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AREN 2110, Sections 001 and 002 EXTRA CREDIT PROBLEMS
December 6, 2006
23. What is the net work of the cycle?

(a) – 21 kJ (b) – 8.3 kJ – 6.5 kJ (d) 4.8 kJ

24. A steam pipe operating at steady-state receives 30 kg/min steam with an enthalpy of 2,900
kJ/kg. If the enthalpy of the steam at the pipe exit equals 1,600 kJ/kg, what is the rate of heat
transfer from the pipe? (Neglect kinetic energy)

(a) - 140 kJ/min (b) - 650 kJ/min (c) - 2,300 kJ/min (d) - 39,000 kJ/min

25. A flow of 2 m3/min liquid oil is to be heated from 20 to 100 oC (stays as liquid) in a heat
exchanger. The heating fluid is steam which enters the heat exchanger at 250 kPa and x = 0.9.
The heat exchanger loses 5% of the heat transferred from the steam to the oil to the surroundings.
The steam leaves the heat exchanger as saturated liquid. What is the mass flow rate of steam
(kg/hr) required to heat the oil? (The density of the oil, ρ = 880 kg/m3 and the specific heat =
2.00 kJ/kg-K.)

(a) 1,100 kg/hr (b) 4,600 kg/hr (c) 8,600 kg/hr (d) 9,000 kg/hr

26. A refrigeration cycle has a coefficient of performance that is 80% of the Carnot refrigerator
operating between temperature reservoirs at 323K and 268K. The rate of heat transfer from the
low temperature reservoir is 3 kw. What is the required power input to the real refrigerator (not
the Carnot refrigerator)?

(a) 0.53 kw (b) 0.62 kw (c) 0.77 kw (d) 0.89 kw

27. An inventor claims that an engine produces 130 kw with a fuel consumption of 20 kg/hr. The
energy content of the fuel transferred to the engine is 40,000 kJ/kg when burned at 500 oC. Heat
is rejected from the engine at 50 oC. Which laws of thermodynamics are violated by this claim?

(a) First Law only

(b) Second Law only

(c) Both First and Second Laws

(d) Neither First nor Second Laws