ADVANCED STATISTICS

LESSON 1. DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Name _________________________ Section:______ Date:________ Score:______

LEARNING GOALS used to organize data, and descriptive values such as

the average score are used to summarize data.
At the end of the activity, students should be able to:  Inferential statistics are methods for using sample data
 Determine the two areas of statistics. to make general conclusions (inferences) about
 Apply and reflect on statistical statement/ situation populations.
dealing on descriptive and inferential statistics.
Examples of Descriptive Statistics
PLANNING TO LEARN 1. The total amount of estimated losses from Taal Volcano
eruption was 3 billion pesos.
From the statements provided below, determine whether it is
2. In 2013, the number of high school graduates will be 3.2
descriptive or inferential statistics.
million students.
_________ 1. The average salary of a random sample of 50
high school teachers in 2016 was P22,400.
Examples of Inferential Statistics
_________ 2. Based on a random sample, it was concluded
1. The average life expectancy in the Philippines is 78.49
that the average cost of a hotel room in San
years.
Pablo City was greater than one in Calamba
2. Researchers stated that the shape of a person’s ears is
City.
related to the person’s aggression.
_________ 3. A study has concluded that the average credit
card debt of college graduates has increased
from the year 2018 to 2019. SHOWCASING
_________ 4. . The average Amazon.com rating of the book From the statements provided below, determine whether it is
The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Statistics by 26 descriptive or inferential statistics.
reviewers is 4.6 on a scale of 1 to 5. _________ 1. A prediction has been made that the chance
_________ 5. The average Filipino viewer watches 151 that a person will be robbed in a certain city is
hours of TV per month. 15%.
_________ 2. A recent survey of 2000 adults having an
Based from the activity provided, kindly answer the following MBA reported that the average salary is more
questions. than P65,000 a year.
1. How can we determine whether a statistical situation is _________ 3. The chances of you getting a new car is about
descriptive or inferential? the same as passing your math class.
____________________________________________ _________ 4. . The Senior Citizens that live in Florida have
____________________________________________ better memories than the ones that live in Texas
____________________________________________ _________ 5. From a past study, it was found that 56% of
____________________________________________ women are the primary investors in their
2. Are there chances that statistical data can be classified households.
descriptive and inferential statistics at the same time?
Explain. REFLECTING
____________________________________________
____________________________________________ You have been hired by the LGU of Batangas province
____________________________________________ to conduct needs assessment among Taal evacuees. How will you
____________________________________________ present the data needed by the LGU? Will it be through descriptive/
inferential statistics?
KNOWLEDGE ENRICHMENT ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
 There are two areas of statistics: Descriptive and ____________________________________________________
Inferential. ____________________________________________________
 Descriptive statistics are methods for organizing and ____________________________________________________
summarizing data. – For example, tables or graphs are ____________________________________________________
used to organize data, and descriptive values such as ____________________________________________________
the average score are used to summarize data.

Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students

 ADVANCED STATISTICS
LESSON 2. POPULATION AND SAMPLE

Name _________________________ Section:______ Date:________ Score:______

LEARNING GOALS  A sample consists one or more observations drawn

from the population.
At the end of the activity, students should be able to:
 Differentiate population to sample. Example
 Determine the population and the sample based from 1. A study of 335 infants in Manila was conducted to find a
the data provided. link between heart rhythm abnormality and sudden infant
 Apply and reflect population and sample determinant in death syndrome.
a statistical data. Population: All Infants
Sample: 335 infants
PLANNING TO LEARN 2. A survey of 2104 households in the Philippines found
Use the scenario to identifying populations and samples. Encircle that 65% subscribe to cable television.
the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Population: all households in the Philippines
1. A beverage company wanted to see if people in the Philippines Sample: 2104 households
liked their new logo. Which choice best represents a population?
A. A selection of logo artists. SHOWCASING
B. Every person in the Philippines.
C. A selection of shoppers from different cities. Use the scenario to identifying populations and samples. Encircle
D. 3,800 children age 5 - 15 the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
2. A musician wanted to see what people who bought his last 1. Before a nationwide election, a polling place was trying to see
who would win. Which choice best represents a sample?
album thought about the songs. Which choice best represents a
sample? A. A selection of voters over age 50.
A. Every person who bought the album. B. A selection of male voters.
B. A selection of people who didn't want to buy the album. C. A selection of voters of different ages.
C. 250 girls who bought the album. D. All voters.
2. A toy store owner tracking how much kids spend each month on
D. A selection of 3,294 people who bought the album.
3. A gaming website wanted to find out which console its visitors toys. Which choice best represents a population?
owned. Which choice best represents a population? A. All of the kids who buy toys.
B. 227 rich kids.
A. Visitors to the 3DS section.
B. All of the website visitors. C. 228 boys age 7 - 15
C. Visitors to the PS4 section. D. 235 kids from age 10 to 15.
D. Visitors who are on the website for more than 5 3. A mayor wanted to see if the people in his town thought he was
minutes. doing a good job. Which choice best represents a sample?
A. 1,000 unemployed voters.
Based from the activity provided, kindly answer the following B. The mayor's family.
questions. C. The residents of the town.
1. Describe a biased sample. D. 242 voters.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
2. What is the importance of using samples to describe a REFLECTING
data or assumption of the population?
____________________________________________ According to Victor Bello Accioly “Friendship is a totally biased
____________________________________________ sample of the population: we only pick out the best ones.” Do you
____________________________________________ believe or not with this statement? Explain.
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
KNOWLEDGE ENRICHMENT ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
 A population includes all of the elements from a set of ____________________________________________________
data. ____________________________________________________
 Descriptive statistics are methods for organizing and ____________________________________________________
summarizing data. – For example, tables or graphs are
used to organize data, and descriptive values such as
the average score are used to summarize data.
Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students
 ADVANCED STATISTICS
LESSON 3. PARAMETER & STATISTIC

Name _________________________ Section:______ Date:________ Score:______

LEARNING GOALS You only asked a sample—a small percentage— of the population
who they are voting for. You calculated what the population
At the end of the activity, students should be able to: was likely to do based on the sample.
 Define the two descriptive value of the data.
 Determine whether the value provided includes You could ask a class of third graders who likes vanilla ice cream.
parameter or statistic 90% raise their hands. You have a parameter: 90% of that class
 Apply and reflect on the implication of a parameter & likes vanilla ice cream. You know this because you
statistic. asked everyone in the class.
PLANNING TO LEARN
SHOWCASING
Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a
Use the scenario to identifying whether it describes a parameter
statistic.
or statistic.
________ 1. In a national survey on substance abuse, 10%
________ 1. 30% of dog owners poop scoop after their dog.
of respondents aged 12 to 17 reported using illicit
It’s impossible to survey all dog owners—no one
drugs within the past month.
keeps an accurate track of exactly how many
________ 2. Ty Cobb is one of major league baseball’s
people own dogs.
greatest hitters of all time, with a career batting
________ 2. 10% of US senators voted for a particular
average of 0.366.
measure.
________ 3. A study of 6076 adults in public rest rooms (in
________ 3. 60% of US residents agree with the latest
all cities of Laguna) found that 23% did not wash
health care proposal.
their hands before exiting.
________ 4. 45% of Jacksonville, Florida residents report
________ 4. Interview of 100 adults 18 years of age or older,
that they have been to at least one Jaguars game.
conducted nationwide, found that 44% could state
________ 5. 33% of 120 workers at a particular bike factory
the minimum age required for the office of
were paid less than $20,000 per year.
Philippine president.
________ 6. 40% of 1,211 students at a particular
elementary school got below a 3 on a
Based from the activity provided, kindly answer the following standardized test.
questions.
1. Was it easy or hard to determine a parameter &
statistic? Explain why? REFLECTING
____________________________________________
____________________________________________ Mayor Amben Amante would like to predict whether or not he will
____________________________________________ win the local election as Mayor. He asked his election committee
2. Is the statistic value accurately describe the possibility to conduct an initial survey and set to give the result immediately
of attaining desired result? In what way? after one week. In your perspective, what numerical characteristic
____________________________________________ of data is expected to be presented within the time frame and why?
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
KNOWLEDGE ENRICHMENT
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
 A parameter is a numerical characteristic of the ____________________________________________________
population.
 A statistic is a numerical characteristic of the sample.
Example:
You randomly poll voters in an election. You find that 55% of the
population plans to vote for candidate A. That is a statistic. Why?
You only asked a sample—a small percentage— of the
population who they are voting for. You calculated
what the population was likely to do based on the
sample.score are used to summarize data.
Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students
 ADVANCED STATISTICS
LESSON 4. CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP

Name _________________________ Section:______ Date:________ Score:______

TRYING For example, a scientist wants to see if the brightness of light has
any effect on a moth being attracted to the light. The brightness of
At the end of the activity, students should be able to: the light is controlled by the scientist. This would be the
 Define the two classification of variables according to independent variable. How the moth reacts to the different light
functional relationship. levels (distance to light source) would be the dependent variable.
 Determine dependent or independent variable from the
statistical situation. APPLYING
 Apply and reflect on the implication of dependent and
independent variables. Read the following statistical situation and determine the
independent and dependent variables from each.
ANALYZING 1) Students watched a cartoon either alone or with others and then
rated how funny they found the cartoon to be.
Read the following statistical situation and determine the
Independent: _________________________________________
independent and dependent variables from each.
Dependent:___________________________________________
1. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, and one group
2) A comprehension test was given to students after they had
was given an herb and the other group a placebo. After 6 months,
studied textbook material either in silence or with the television
the numbers of respiratory.
turned on.
Independent: _________________________________________
Independent: _________________________________________
Dependent:___________________________________________
Dependent:___________________________________________
2. A researcher stood at a busy intersection to see if the color of
3) Some elementary school teachers were told that a child’s
the automobile that a person drives is related to running red lights.
parents were college graduates, and other teachers were told that
Independent: _________________________________________
the child’s parents had not finished high school; they then rated the
Dependent:___________________________________________
child’s grades.
3. A researcher finds that people who are more hostile have higher
Independent: _________________________________________
total cholesterol levels than those who are less hostile.
Dependent:___________________________________________
Independent: _________________________________________
4) Workers at a company were assigned to one of two conditions:
Dependent:___________________________________________
One group completed a stress management training program;
4. Subjects are randomly assigned to four groups. Each group is
another group of workers did not participate in the training. The
placed on one of four special diets—a low-fat diet, a high-fish diet,
number of sick days taken by these workers was examined for the
a combination of low-fat diet and high-fish diet, and a regular diet.
next 2 months.
After 6 months, the blood pressures of the groups are compared
Independent: _________________________________________
to see if diet has any effect on blood pressure.
Dependent:___________________________________________
Independent: _________________________________________
5) Students at a University were split into two groups and each
Dependent:___________________________________________
received a different text for a philosophy course. Once group
Based from the activity provided, kindly answer the following received a traditional text book, while the other received an
questions. interactive textbook on a tablet computer. After the course, the final
1. In your own words, tell how can we be able to exam grades between the two groups of students was compared.
determine effectively the independent and dependent Independent: _________________________________________
variables. Dependent:___________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________ REFLECTING
____________________________________________ Explain this quotation.
“Love’s value is not dependent on the person receiving it, but on
LEARNING the person giving it.”― JeffreyFry
____________________________________________________
 An independent variable is the variable that is changed ____________________________________________________
or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects ____________________________________________________
on the dependent variable. It is the predictor. ____________________________________________________
 A dependent variable is the variable being tested and ____________________________________________________
measured in a scientific experiment. It is the criterion. ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
The dependent variable is 'dependent' on
the independent variable. As the Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students
experimenter changes the independent
variable, the effect on the dependent
 ADVANCED STATISTICS
LESSON 5. CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES ACCORDING TO CONTINUITY OF VALUES

Name _________________________ Section:______ Date:________ Score:______

TRYING Examples of Continuous variable:

- Price of commodities
At the end of the activity, students should be able to: - Weight
 Define the two classification of variables according to - Height
continuity of values. - Average grades
 Determine whether the statistical value is continuous or Examples of Discrete variables
discrete. - Number of students
 Apply and reflect on the implication of discrete and - Number of houses
continuous variables. - Number of customers
ANALYZING
APPLYING
Which of these are continuous (C) and which are discrete (D)?
Which of these are continuous (C) and which are discrete (D)?
a) The volume of a sphere. ______
____1. Equivalent value of 100C tp oF
b) A gallon of water. ______
____2. length of 1 ft to yards
c) Molecules of water. _______
____3. size of shoes
d) The acceleration of a car as it goes from 0 to 60 mph. ______
____4. average grade in statistics
e) The changing shape of a balloon as it’s being inflated. ______
____5. height in meters
f) Sentences. ______
____6. weight in pounds
g) Thoughts. ______
____7. scores in periodical exam
h) The height of corn plants. ______
____8. daily expenses in school
i) The number of ears of corn produced. ______
____9. salaries of employees
j) The number of green M&M’s in a bag. ______
____10. time
k) The time it takes for a car battery to die. ______ ____11. IQ of an individual
Based from the activity provided, kindly answer the following ____12. net weight of a commodity
questions. ____13. average sales of a grocery in one day
1. In your own words, tell how we can be able to ____14. size of a family
determine effectively the continuous and discrete ____15. the distance traveled by a motorist
variables? ____16. the number of students in a class of statistics
____________________________________________ ____17. price of commodities
____________________________________________ ____18. census data
____________________________________________ ____19. the percentage result in board examination
2. You are given a task to share some of the stuffs that ____20. The number of books sold in statistics
you do not use already to evacuees of Taal. Your
classmate tells you that you have continuous things to REFLECTING
share. Is it correct or not? Why? In predicting or taking the probability of passing a particular
____________________________________________ subject. Which classification of variable based on continuity of
____________________________________________ values is best to be used to describe and why?
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
LEARNING ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
 Continuous variables are those data that can be taken in
____________________________________________________
a form of decimals.
 Discrete variables has an exact value and cannot be
taken in a form of decimeals

Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students

 ADVANCED STATISTICS
LESSON 6. CLASSIFICATION OF DATA

Name _________________________ Section:______ Date:________ Score:______

TRYING Examples of Qualitative data

- Judicial cases handled
At the end of the activity, students should be able to: - Sex
 Define the two classification of data - Type of lawyer
 Determine whether the statistical statement is - Year level
quantitative or qualitative - Religion
 Apply and reflect on the implication of quantitative and Examples of Quantitative Data
qualitative data. - Weight
- Height
ANALYZING - Ages
Which of these are Quantitative (Qn) and which are Qualitative - Temperature
(Ql)? - Scores
a) The volume of a sphere. ______
b) A gallon of water. ______ APPLYING
c) Molecules of water. _______
Which of these are Quantitative (Qn) and which are Qualitative
d) The acceleration of a car as it goes from 0 to 60 mph. ______
(Ql)?
e) The changing shape of a balloon as it’s being inflated. ______
____1. Equivalent value of 100C tp oF
f) Sentences. ______
____2. length of 1 ft to yards
g) Thoughts. ______
____3. size of shoes
h) The height of corn plants. ______
____4. average grade in statistics
i) The number of ears of corn produced. ______
____5. height in meters
j) The number of green M&M’s in a bag. ______
____6. weight in pounds
k) The time it takes for a car battery to die. ______ ____7. scores in periodical exam
Based from the activity provided, kindly answer the following ____8. daily expenses in school
questions. ____9. salaries of employees
1. In your own words, tell how can we be able to ____10. time
determine effectively whether the statement is ____11. IQ of an individual
quantitative or qualitative? ____12. net weight of a commodity
____________________________________________ ____13. average sales of a grocery in one day
____________________________________________ ____14. size of a family
____________________________________________ ____15. the distance traveled by a motorist
2. Which is more easy to be presented in research, ____16. the number of students in a class of statistics
quantitative or qualitative? Why? ____17. price of commodities
____________________________________________ ____18. census data
____________________________________________ ____19. the percentage result in board examination
____________________________________________ ____20. The number of books sold in statistics
____________________________________________
____________________________________________ REFLECTING
____________________________________________ Explain this quotation.
“In learning new things it is should not be by quantity but by
LEARNING quality”
____________________________________________________
 Qualitative data are categorical data taking the form of ____________________________________________________
attributes or categories. They have labels or names ____________________________________________________
assigned to their respective categories. ____________________________________________________
 Quantitative data are data that consist of number ____________________________________________________
obtained from counts or measurements. ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
The dependent variable is 'dependent' on
the independent variable. As the
experimenter changes the independent
variable, the effect on the dependent Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students
variable is observed and recorded.
 ADVANCED STATISTICS
LESSON 7. LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT SCALES

Name _________________________ Section:______ Date:________ Score:______

TRYING but it has a true zero point, that is, the number zero
indicates the absence of the characteristic under
At the end of the activity, students should be able to: consideration. It is the strongest level of measurement.
 Define and distinguish nominal, ordinal, interval, and Examples of Nominal Scale
ratio scales. - Civil status, gender, nationality, color of skin, religion
 Enumerate the limitations of each scales - Assigning numbers of vehicle, houses, rooms, players
 Apply measurement scales in choosing statistical tools. - Type of court (supreme court, Court of Appeals,
Sandigangbayan, court of tax appeals, etc.)
ANALYZING Examples of Ordinal Scale
Determine the level of measurement used: N-nominal, O-ordinal, - Socioeconomic classification (A, B, C, D, E)
I-interval, and R-ratio scales. - Educational Attainment (Elem, HS, College, Masters)
__1. Type of case (civil, criminal, cadastral proceeding, others) - Type of questions in a quiz bee ( easy, average, diff.)
__2. Years in service as public school teacher. - Beauty Contest (title holder, 1st Runner-Up, 2nd, 3rd)
__3. Number of Guidance office cases within the year. Examples of Interval Scale
__4. Teacher’s Performance (Outstanding, Very Satisfactory, - Temperature in degrees
Satisfactory, and Unsatisfactory) - Intelligence Quotient)
__5. Status of the Case (Resolved, Dismissed, Affirmed,Modified) Examples of Ratio Scale
__6. Design and layout of the Classroom (poor, fair, good, VG, E) - Height in meters
__7. Teaching and Learning starts on time (all the time, most of - Weight in kilograms, pounds
the time, sometimes, seldom, never) - Money, estimation scores, income, age
__8. Number of minutes to wait for a class to start - grades of students
__9. Number of faculty members
__10. Number of accomplished school projects. APPLYING
Based from the activity provided, kindly answer the following Determine the level of measurement used: N-nominal, O-ordinal,
questions. I-interval, and R-ratio scales.
1. Provide discussion on the easiest way to identify the __1. Intelligence of 3 students in LSPU
scale measurement of the data given. __2. Teaching position (teacher I-III, Master teacher I-VI, Head
____________________________________________ Teacher I-IV)
____________________________________________ __3. Kobe Bryant says that shooting the ball in the ring is
____________________________________________ sometimes difficult, very difficult, easy and very easy.
__4. Political affiliation (Lakas, Laban,New Peoples Coalition, etc)
LEARNING __5. Raking of students in a class
 Nominal scale is used when numerical values or __6. Temperature in a classroom
symbols are used to classify an object, person or __7. Salary of Teachers
characteristics to identify groups to which various __8. Principal’s Marital Status
objects, persons, or characteristics belong. They are __9. Highest Educational Qualification (BS Graduate, Master’s
used merely for classification or identification purposes. Degree, Doctorate Degree
This is characterized by data that consists of names, __10. Weight of Boxers
labels, or categories only.
 Ordinal scale contains properties of the nominal scale, REFLECTING
but also gives arrangement of members of particular If your performance in Advanced statistics is to be evaluated,
grouped in order, rank, or ordered in some low-to high what measurement scale is to be utilized and what descriptor can
manner. best describe your potentials?
 Interval Scale contains the properties of the ordinal level ____________________________________________________
but the distances between any two numbers on the scale ____________________________________________________
are of known sizes. Zero is arbitrary or does not imply ____________________________________________________
the absence of the characteristics. ____________________________________________________
 Ratio scales contains the properties of the interval level ____________________________________________________
but it has a true zero point, that is, the number zero ____________________________________________________
indicates the absence of the characteristic under xc ____________________________________________________

Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students

Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students
Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students
Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students
Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students
Advanced Statistics for BSEd Mathematics Students