UDDEHOLM DIEVAR®

UDDEHOLM DIEVAR
Uddeholm Dievar is a specially developed steel grade by Uddeholm,
which provides the best possible performance.

The chemical composition and the very latest in production technique make
the property profile outstanding. The combination of excellent toughness
and very good hot strength gives Uddeholm Dievar a very good heat
checking- and gross cracking resistance.

The steel is suitable in high demand hot work applications like die casting,
forging and extrusion. The property profile makes it also suitable in other
applications, e.g. plastics and High Performance Steel.

Uddeholm Dievar offers the potential for significant improvements in die

life, thereby improving the tooling economy.

This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general
notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of
specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose.
Classified according to EU Directive 1999/45/EC
For further information see our “Material Safety Data Sheets”.

Edition 9, 06.2015
The latest revised edition of this brochure is the English version,
which is always published on our web site www.uddeholm.com SS-EN ISO 9001
SS-EN ISO 14001
 UDDEHOLM DIEVAR

General Hot work applications

Uddeholm Dievar is a high performance Heat checking is one of the most common
chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloyed hot failure mechanism e.g. in die casting and now
work tool steel which offers a very good days also in forging applications. Uddeholm
resistance to heat checking, gross cracking, hot Dievar’s superior ductility yields the highest
wear and plastic deformation. Uddeholm possible level of heat checking resistance.
Dievar is characterized by: With Uddeholm Dievar’s outstanding tough-
• Excellent toughness and ductility in all ness and hardenability the resistance to heat
directions checking can further be improved. If gross
• Good temper resistance cracking is not a factor then a higher working
• Good high-temperature strength hardness can be utilized (+2 HRC).
• Excellent hardenability Regardless of the dominant failure mecha-
nism; e.g. heat checking, gross cracking, hot
• Good dimensional stability throughout heat
wear or plastic deformation. Uddeholm Dievar
treatment and coating operations
offers the potential for significant improve-
ments in die life and then resulting in better
Typical C Si Mn Cr Mo V
analysis % 0.35 0.2 0.5 5.0 2.3 0.6 tooling economy.
Standard
Uddeholm Dievar is the material of choice
specification None for the high demand die casting-, forging- and
Delivery extrusion industries.
condition Soft annealed to approx. 160 HB
Colour code Yellow/grey
Tools for die casting
Aluminium,
Part magnesium alloys
Improved tooling performance
Dies 44–50 HRC
Uddeholm Dievar is a premium hot work tool
steel developed by Uddeholm. It is manufac-
tured utilizing the very latest in production and
Tools for extrusion
refining techniques. The Uddeholm Dievar
Copper, Aluminium,
development has yielded a die steel with the Part copper alloys magnesium alloys
ultimate resistance to heat checking, gross HRC HRC
cracking, hot wear and plastic deformation. Dies – 46–52
The unique properties profile for Uddeholm Liners, dummy
Dievar makes it the best choice for die casting, blocks, stems 46–52 44–52
forging and extrusion.

Tools for hot forging

Part Steel, Aluminium
Inserts 44–52 HRC

3
UDDEHOLM DIEVAR

Properties TENSILE PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE

Short transverse direction.
The reported properties are representative A5, Z
Rm, Rp0,2
of samples which have been taken from the ksi MPa %
centre of a 610 x 203 mm (24" x 8") bar. 290 2000 100
261 1800 Z 90
Unless otherwise is indicated all specimens
232 1600 80
have been hardened at 1025°C (1875°F), 203 1400 70
quenched in oil and tempered twice at 615°C 174 1200 Rm 60
(1140°F) for two hours; yielding a working 145 1000 50
116 800 Rp0,2 40
hardness of 44–46 HRC. 30
87 600
58 400 20
29 200 A5 10
Physical properties
100 200 300 400 500 600 700°C
Data at room and elevated temperatures.
210 390 570 750 930 1110 1290 °F
Temperature 20°C 400°C 600°C Testing temperature
(68°F) (750°F) (1110°F)
Density,
kg/m3 7 800 7 700 7 600 Minimum average unnotched impact ductility is
lbs/in3 0.281 0.277 0.274 300 J (220 ft lbs) in the short transverse
Modulus of elasticity direction at 44–46 HRC.
MPa 210 000 180 000 145 000
psi 30.5 x 106 26.1 x 106 21.0 x 106
Coefficient of
thermal expansion CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT TOUGHNESS
per °C from 20°C – 12.7 x 10–6 13.3 x 10–6
per °F from 68°F – 7.0 x 10–6 7.3 x 10–6 AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE

Thermal Short transverse direction.

conductivity
Impact energy
W/m °C – 31 32
Btu in/(ft2h°F) – 216 223 ft. lbs J
102 140

88 120
Mechanical properties 45 HRC
73 100
Tensile properties at room temperature, short
58 80
transverse direction. 47 HRC
44 60
Hardness 44 HRC 48 HRC 52 HRC
Tensile 30 40
strength 1480 MPa 1640 MPa 1900 MPa
Rm 96 tsi 106 tsi 123 tsi 15 20 50 HRC
214 000 psi 237 000 psi 275 000 psi
Yield 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450°C
strength 1210 MPa 1380 MPa 1560 MPa 120 210 300 390 480 570 660 750 840°F
Rp0,2 78 tsi 89 tsi 101 tsi
175 000 psi 200 000 psi 226 000 psi Testing temperature

Elongation
A5 13 % 13 % 12,5 %
Reduction
of area
Z 55 % 55 % 52 %

4
 UDDEHOLM DIEVAR

TEMPER RESISTANCE Stress relieving

The specimens have been hardened and After rough machining the tool should be
tempered to 45 HRC and then held at differ- heated through to 650°C (1200°F), holding
ent temperatures from 1 to 100 hours. time 2 hours. Cool slowly to 500°C (930°F),
then freely in air.
Hardness, HRC
50
500°C
(930°F)
Hardening
45
Preheating temperature: 600–900°C (1110–
550°C
(1020°F) 1650°F). Normally a minimum of two
40 preheats, the first in the 600–650°C (1110–
1200°F) range, and the second in the 820–
35
600°C
850°C (1510–1560°F) range. When three
(1110°F) preheats are used the second is carried out
30
650°C at 820°C (1510°F) and the third at 900°C
(1200°F) (1650°F).
25
0,1 1 10 100
Austenitizing temperature: 1000–1030°C (1830–
Time, h 1890°F).

Temperature Soaking time* Hardness before

°C °F minutes tempering
Heat treatment— 1000 1830 30 52 ±2 HRC
general recommendations 1025 1875 30 55 ±2 HRC
* Soaking time = time at hardening temperature after the
Soft annealing tool is fully heated through

Protect the steel and heat through to 850°C Protect the tool against decarburization and
(1560°F). Then cool in furnace at 10°C (20°F) oxidation during austenitizing.
per hour to 600°C (1110°F), then freely in air.

CCT GRAPH
Austenitizing temperature 1025°C (1875°F). Holding time 30 minutes.

°F °C
2000 1100 Austenitizing temperature 1025°C
Holding time 30 min.
1800 1000
Ac
1f
900 = 890°C
1600
Ac
1s
800 Carbides = 820°C
1400 Pearlite
700
1200 Cooling Hard-
600 curve ness T800–500
No. HV 10 (sec)
1000
500
1 681 1,5
800 400 2 627 15
Bainite 3 620 280
Ms
600 300 4 592 1 248
5 566 3 205
400 200 6 488 5 200
Martensite Mf
7 468 10 400
200 100 8 464 20 800
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9 405 41 600
1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 Seconds

1 10 100 1 000 Minutes

1 10 100 Hours
Air cooling of
0.2 1.5 10 90 600 bars, Ø mm

5
UDDEHOLM DIEVAR

HARDNESS, GRAIN SIZE AND Tempering

RETAINED AUSTENITE AS FUNCTIONS OF
AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE Choose the tempering temperature according
to the hardness required by reference to the
Grain
size
tempering graph below. Temper minimum
ASTM Hardness, HRC Retained austenite % three times for die casting dies and minimum
10 60 Grain size twice for forging and extrusion tools with
8 58
intermediate cooling to room temperature.
Hardness
Holding time at temperature minimum 2 hours.
6 56
Tempering in the range of 500–550°C (930–
54 4 1020°F) for the intended final hardness will result
in a lower toughness.
Retained austenite
52 2

50 0
TEMPERING GRAPH
990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 °C
1815 1830 1850 1870 1885 1905 1920 °F Hardness, HRC Retained austenite, %
Austenitizing temperature 60
Austenitizing temperature
1025°C (1875°F)
55

Quenching
50
As a general rule, quench rates should be as 1000°C (1830°F)
rapid as possible. Accelerated quench rates are Temper
45
embrittlement
required to optimize tool properties specifi-
cally with regards to toughness and resistance 40 6

to gross cracking. However, risk of excessive

35 4
distortion and cracking must be considered.
Retained austenite
30 2
QUENCHING MEDIA
The quenching media should be capable of 25
100 200 300 400 500 600 700°C
creating a fully hardened microstructure.
210 390 570 750 930 1110 1290°F
Different quench rates for Uddeholm Dievar
Tempering temperature (2 + 2h)
are defined by the CCT graph, page 5.

RECOMMENDED QUENCHING MEDIA

• High speed gas/circulating atmosphere EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE CHARPY V NOTCH
• Vacuum (high speed gas with sufficient IMPACT ENERGY
positive pressure). An interrupted quench at
Short transverse direction.
320–450°C (610–840°F) is recommended
where distortion control and quench crack- ft.lb. Impact strength
- KV Joule Hardness HRC
ing are a concern 44 60 60
• Martempering bath, salt bath or fluidized bed 50 50
37
at 450–550°C (840–1020°F)
29 40 40
• Martempering bath, salt bath or fluidized bed Temper embrittlement
at 180–200°C (360–390°F) 22 30 30

• Warm oil, approx. 80°C (180°F) 15 20 20

Note: Temper the tool as soon as its tempera- 7 10 10

ture reaches 50–70°C (120–160°F).
200 300 400 500 600 700°C
390 570 750 930 1110 1290°F
Tempering temperature (2h + 2h)

6
 UDDEHOLM DIEVAR

Dimensional changes during Nitriding in ammonia gas at 510°C (950°F) or

hardening and tempering plasma nitriding at 480°C (895°F) both
result in a surface hardness of approx. 1100 HV0.2.
During hardening and tempering the tool is
In general, plasma nitriding is the preferred
exposed to both thermal and transformation
method because of better control over nitro-
stresses. These stresses will result in distortion.
gen potential. However, careful gas nitriding can
Insufficient levels of machine stock may result
give same results.
in slower than recommended quench rates
The surface hardness after nitrocarburizing
during heat treatment. In order to predict
in either gas or salt bath at 580°C (1075°F) is
maximum levels of distortion with a proper
approx. 1100 HV0.2.
quench, a stress relief is always recommended
between rough and semi-finish machining, prior
to hardening.
For a stress relieved Uddeholm Dievar tool
Depth of nitriding
a minimum machine stock of 0.3% is recom- Hardness
Process Time Depth* HV0,2
mended to account for acceptable levels of
distortion during a heat treatment with a rapid Gas nitriding 10 h 0.16 mm 1100
at 510°C (950°F) 0.0063 inch
quench. 30 h 0.22 mm 1100
0.0087 inch
Plasma nitriding
Nitriding and nitrocarburizing at 480°C (895°F) 10 h 0.15 mm 1100
0.0059 inch
Nitriding and nitrocarburizing result in a hard
Nitrocarburizing
surface layer which has the potential to im- – in gas at 2h 0.13 mm 1100
prove resistance to wear and soldering, as well 580°C (1075°F) 0.0051 inch
as resistance to premature heat checking. – in salt bath at 1h 0.08 mm 1100
580°C (1075°F) 0.0031 inch
Uddeholm Dievar can be nitrided and nitro-
carburized via a plasma, gas, fluidized bed, or * Depth of case = distance from surface where hardness
is 50 HV0.2 over base hardness
salt process. The temperature for the deposi-
tion process should be minimum 25–50°C
(50–90°F) below the highest previous temper-
ing temperature, depending upon the process
time and temperature. Otherwise a permanent
loss of core hardness, strength, and/or dimen-
sional tolerances may be experienced.
During nitriding and nitrocarburizing, a
brittle compound layer, known as the white
layer, may be generated. The white layer is very
brittle and may result in cracking or spalling
when exposed to heavy mechanical or thermal
loads. As a general rule the white layer forma-
tion must be avoided.

7
UDDEHOLM DIEVAR

Cutting data END MILLING

Type of milling
recommendations Carbide
Cutting data Solid indexable High
The cutting data below are to be considered parameters carbide insert speed steel
as guiding values which must be adapted to
Cutting
existing local condition. speed (vc)
m/min 130–170 120–160 25–301)
f.p.m. 425–560 390–520 80–1001)
The recommendations, in following tables, are
valid for Uddeholm Dievar in soft annealed condi- Feed (fz)
mm/tooth 0.03–0.202) 0.08–0.202) 0.05–0.352)
tion approx. 160 HB. inch/tooth 0.001–0.0082) 0.003–0.0082) 0.002–0.0142)
Carbide
Turning designation
ISO – P20–P30 –
Turning with Turning US C6–C5 –
carbide with high 1)
For coated HSS end mill vc = 45–50 m/min. (150 –160 f.p.m.)
Cutting data speed steel 2)
Depending on radial depth of cut and cutter diameter
parameters Rough turning Fine turning Fine turning

Cutting
speed (vc)
m/min 150–200 200–250 15–20
f.p.m. 490–655 655–820 50–65 Drilling
Feed (f) HIGH SPEED STEEL TWIST DRILL
L
mm/r 0.2–0.4 0.05–0.2 0.05–0.3
i.p.r. 0.008–0.016 0.002–0.008 0.002–0.012 Drill diameter Cutting Feed (f)
speed (vc)
Depth mm inch m/min f.p.m. mm/r i.p.r.
of cut (ap)
mm 2–4 0.5–2 0.5–2 – 5 –3/16 15–20* 49–66* 0.05–0.15 0.002–0.006
inch 0.08–0.16 0.02–0.08 0.02–0.08 5–10 3/16–3/8 15–20* 49–66* 0.15–0.20 0.006–0.008
10–15 3/8–5/8 15–20* 49–66* 0.20–0.25 0.008–0.010
Carbide 15–20 5/8–3/4 15–20* 49–66* 0.25–0.35 0.010–0.014
designation
ISO P20–P30 P10 – * For coated HSS drill vc = 35–40 m/min. (110–130 f.p.m.)
US C6–C5 C7 –
Coated carbide Coated carbide
or cermet
CARBIDE DRILL
Type of drill

Milling Cutting data Indexable Solid Carbide

parameters insert carbide tip1)
FACE- AND SQUARE SHOULDER MILLING
Cutting
Milling with carbide speed (vc)
m/min 180–220 120–150 60–90
Cutting data parameters Rough milling Fine milling f.p.m. 590–720 390–490 195–295

Cutting speed (vc) Feed (f)

m/min 130–180 180–220 mm/r 0.05–0.252) 0.10–0.253) 0.15–0.254)
f.p.m. 430–590 590–720 i.p.r. 0.002–0.012) 0.004–0.013) 0.006–0.014)
1)
Feed (fz) Drill with replaceable or brazed carbide tip
2)
mm/tooth 0.2–0.4 0.1–0.2 Feed rate for drill diameter 20–40 mm (0.8”–1.6”)
3)
inch/tooth 0.008–0.016 0.004–0.008 Feed rate for drill diameter 5–20 mm (0.2”–0.8”)
4)
Feed rate for drill diameter 10–20 mm (0.4”–0.8”)
Depth of cut (ap)
mm 2–4 –2
inch 0.08–0.16 –0.08
Carbide designation
ISO P20–P40 P10
US C6–C5 C7
Coated carbide Coated
carbide
or cermet

8
 UDDEHOLM DIEVAR

Cutting data Milling

FACE- AND SQUARE SHOULDER MILLING
recommendations Milling with carbide
The cutting data below should be considered Cutting data
parameters Rough milling Fine milling
as guidelines only. These guidelines must be
adapted to local machining conditions. Cutting speed (vc)
m/min 50–90 90–130
f.p.m. 160–295 295–425
The recommendations, in following tables, are Feed (fz)
valid for Uddeholm Dievar hardened and tem- mm/tooth 0.2–0.4 0.1–0.2
inch/tooth 0.008–0.016 0.004–0.008
pered to 44–46 HRC.
Depth of cut (ap)
mm 2–4 –2
Turning inch 0.08–0.16 –0.08
Carbide designation
Turning with carbide
ISO P20–P40 P10
Cutting data
US C6–C5 C7
parameters Rough turning Fine turning Coated carbide
Coated carbide or cermet
Cutting speed (vc)
m/min 40–60 70–90
f.p.m. 130–195 230–295
Feed (f)
mm/r 0.2–0.4 0.05–0.2 END MILLING
i.p.r. 0.008–0.016 0.002–0.008
Type of milling
Depth of cut (ap)
mm 1–2 0.5–1 Carbide High
inch 0.04–0.08 0.02–0.04 Cutting data Solid indexable speed steel
parameters carbide insert TiCN coated
Carbide designation
ISO P20–P30 P10 Cutting
US C6–C5 C7 speed (vc)
Coated carbide Coated carbide m/min 60–80 70–90 5–10
or mixed ceramic f.p.m. 195–260 230–295 16–33
Feed (fz)
mm/tooth 0.03–0.201) 0.08–0.201) 0.05–0.351)
inch/tooth 0.001–0.0081) 0.003–0.0081) 0.002–0.0141)
Drilling Carbide
designation
HIGH SPEED STEEL TWIST DRILL (TICN COATED) ISO – P10–P20 –
US C6–C5 –
Drill diameter Cutting Feed (f)
speed (vc) 1)
Depending on radial depth of cut and cutter diameter
mm inch m/min f.p.m. mm/r i.p.r.

– 5 –3/16 4–6 13–20 0.05–0.10 0.002–0.004

5–10 3/16–3/8 4–6 13–20 0.10–0.15 0.004–0.006
10–15 3/8–5/8 4–6 13–20 0.15–0.20 0.006–0.008
15–20 5/8–3/4 4–6 13–20 0.20–0.30 0.008–0.012 Grinding
A general grinding wheel recommendation is
given below. More information can be found in
CARBIDE DRILL the Uddeholm publication “Grinding of Tool
Type of drill Steel”.
Cutting data Indexable Solid Carbide WHEEL RECOMMENDATION
parameters insert carbide tip1)
Cutting Soft annealed Hardened
speed (vc) Type of grinding condition condition
m/min 60–80 60–80 40–50 Face grinding
f.p.m. 195–260 195–260 130–160 straight wheel A 46 HV A 46 HV
Feed (f) Face grinding
mm/r 0.05–0.252) 0.10–0.253) 0.15–0.254) segments A 24 GV A 36 GV
i.p.r. 0.002–0.012) 0.004–0.013) 0.006–0.014) Cylindrical grinding A 46 LV A 60 KV
1)
Drill with replaceable or brazed carbide tip Internal grinding A 46 JV A 60 IV
2)
Feed rate for drill diameter 20–40 mm (0.8”–1.6”) Profile grinding A 100 LV A 120 JV
3)
Feed rate for drill diameter 5–20 mm (0.2”–0.8”)
4)
Feed rate for drill diameter 10–20 mm (0.4”–0.8”)

9
UDDEHOLM DIEVAR

Electrical Discharge Further information

Machining—EDM Please contact your local Uddeholm office for
further information on the selection, heat
Following the EDM process, the applicable die
treatment, application and availability of Udde-
surfaces are covered with a resolidified layer
holm tool steels.
(white layer) and a rehardened and untem-
pered layer, both of which are very brittle and
hence detrimental to die performance. If EDM
is used the white layer must be completely
removed mechanically by grinding or stoning.
After the finish machining the tool should also
then begiven an additional temper at approx.
25°C (50°F) below the highest previous tem-
pering temperature.
Further information is given in the Udde-
holm brochure “EDM of Tool Steel”.

Welding
Welding of die components can be performed,
with acceptable results, as long as the proper
precautions are taken during the preparation
of the joint, the filler material selection, the
preheating of the die, the controlled cooling of
the die and the post weld heat treatment
processes. The following guidelines summarize
the most important welding process param-
eters.
For more detailed information refer to the
Uddeholm brochure “Welding of Tool Steel”.

Welding method TIG MMA

Preheating 325–375°C 325–375°C
temperature* (620–710°F) (620–710°F)
DIEVAR TIG-Weld
Filler metals QRO 90 TIG-Weld QRO 90 Weld
Maximum
interpass 475°C 475°C
temperature (880°F) (880°F)
Post welding 20–40°C/h (35–70°F/h) for the first
cooling 2–3 hours and then freely in air.
Hardness
after welding 48–53 HRC 48–53 HRC

Heat treatment after welding

Hardened Temper 10–20°C (20–40°F) below
condition the highest previous tempering
temperature.
Soft annealed Soft-anneal the material at 850°C
condition (1560°F) in protected atmosphere.
Then cool in the furnace at 10°C
(20°F) per hour to 600°C (1110°F)
then freely in air.
* Preheating temperature must be established throughout
the die and must be maintained for the entirity of the
welding process, to prevent weld cracking

10
 Network of excellence
UDDEHOLM is present on every continent. This ensures you
high-quality Swedish tool steel and local support wherever you
are. ASSAB is our exclusive sales channel, representing Uddeholm
in the Asia Pacific area. Together we secure our position as the
world’s leading supplier of tooling materials.

www.assab.com www.uddeholm.com
 UDDEHOLM 120310. / 15. 200 / STROKIRK KNAPPEN 06.2015
UDDEHOLM is the world’s leading supplier of tooling materials. This
is a position we have reached by improving our customers’ everyday
business. Long tradition combined with research and product develop-
ment equips Uddeholm to solve any tooling problem that may arise.
It is a challenging process, but the goal is clear – to be your number one
partner and tool steel provider.

Our presence on every continent guarantees you the same high quality
wherever you are. ASSAB is our exclusive sales channel, representing
Uddeholm in the Asia Pacific area. Together we secure our position
as the world’s leading supplier of tooling materials. We act worldwide,
so there is always an Uddeholm or ASSAB representative close at hand
to give local advice and support. For us it is all a matter of trust –
in long-term partnerships as well as in developing new products.
Trust is something you earn, every day.

For more information, please visit www.uddeholm.com, www.assab.com

or your local website.