SISTEM UNDANG-UNDANG

SETELAH KEDATANGAN BRITISH

 Bermula pada tahun 1786.

 Francis Light – Pulau Pinang.
 Menduduki Pulau Pinang 12 Ogos 1786.
 Atas nama King George III mll Syarikat
Hindia Timur British.
 Isu lex loci - diduduki atau diserahkan?
Kapten Kydd semasa memberikan keterangan
mengenai Pulau Pinang kepada Kerajaan British
di India pada 1 September, 1787
Penang as yet can be said to have no inhabitants of its own or
even any but the servants of gentlement and the followers of
the troops that are firmly established. When it was first taken
possession of by the Government there were a few Malay
families who subsisted by fishing and extracting of wood, oil and
dammer and who lived near the point where thf Forts stands but
have removed to another part of the Island. One of these
people (a very old man ) gives an account of there having been
about 30 years ago a great many inhabitants on the Island ( not
less then three thousand ) and that at one place it was well
cultivated, which is evidenced by the number of burying places
that are yet to be seen on part of the Island which comprehends
at least a space of 3 square miles and which from the clearness
of wood, and from many fruit trees that are yet to be seen and
above all from the appearance of inclosures and furrows, gives
a convincing proof that the whole of that span has been recently
incultivation. These people having given themselves up to
plunder and piracy which disturbed the commerce of India, then
King fitted out an armament and expelled them from the Island
 KES-KES RUJUKAN
 Ong Cheng Neo v. Yeap Cheah Neo & Ors
[1972] 1 Ky 326.
It is really immaterial to consider whether
Prince of Wales Island, or as it is called
Penang, should be regarded as ceded or
newly settled territory, for there is no trace of
any laws having been established there before
it was acquired by the East India Company. In
either view the law of England must be taken
to be the governing law so far as it is
applicable to the circumstances of the place
and modifies in its application by these
circumstances
Regina v. Willans [1858] 3 Ky 16
The general rule of law determining what is the law
of a territory is that if the new acquisition be an un
inhabited country found out by British subjects and
occupied, the law of England, so far as it is
applicable, becomes, on the foundation of the
Settlement, the law of the land, but that if it be an
inhabited country obtained by conquest or cession,
the law in existence at the time of its acquisition,
continues in force, untill changed by the new
Sovereign. In the one case the settlers carry with
them to their new homes, their laws, usages and
liberties, as their birthright. In the other, the
conquered or ceded inhabitants are allowed the
analogous, though more precarious privilege of
preserving theirs, subject to the will of the conqueror
Kes – Kes Lain?
 Kamoo v. Thomas Turner Bassett [1808]
1 Ky. 1
 In The Good of Abdullah [1835] 2 Ky. 8.
 Fatimah & Ors v. Logan & Ors [1871] 1
Ky. 255.
 Choa Choon Neoh v. Spottiswoode
[1869] 1 Ky. 216.
 Sir George Leith
 16. The laws of the different peoples and
tribes of which the inhabitants consist,
tempered by such parts of the British
Llaws, as are of universal application
being founded on the principles of
natural justice, shall constitute the rules
of decision in the Courts.
 Sir Edmund Stanley di dalam kes Kamoo v.
Thomas Turner Bassett [1808] 1 Ky. 1.

 The object of the Charter is to protect

the Natives from oppression and
injustice, and I shall always consider it
my duty to guard their persons, liberties
ans properties, with the same watchful
care as I should the best European or
British subjects
 MELAKA
 Melaka diambil alih oleh British pada tahun 1824.
 Undang-undang yang ada pada ketika itu ialah
Undang-Undang adat Melayu, Undang-Undang Adat,
Undang-Undang Islam dan juga sedikit undang-
undang Belanda
 Melaka menyertai Negeri-negeri Selat pada tahun
1826.
 Piagam Keadilan Kedua 1826.
 Undang-undang Inggeris yang diperkenalkan oleh
Piagam ini adalah undang-undang Inggeris
sebagaimana ia dikuatkuasakan pada 27 November,
1826 tetapi tertakluk kepada keadaan tempatan.
 Piagam Keadilan ini telah menubuhkan apa yang
dikatakan sebagai The Court of Judicature.
R v. Willans [1958] 3 Ky 16
 I am therefore of opinion that whatever
law the Second Charter introduced into
Malacca was introduced into every part
of the Settlements; and as it has been
decided that the law of England as it
stood in 1826 was brought by it into
Malacca, I am of opinion that the same
became, by the same means, the law of
Penang
 Singapura
 Oleh Stamford Raffles yang merupakan seorang agen
bagi Syarikat Hindia Timur British dan beliau juga
merupakan seorang Leftenan Gabernor di Benkulen
 Singapura pada awalnya adalah wilayah naugan kerajaan
Johor di bawah Sultan Hussain Mahomed Shah
 Dibawah bidang kuasa Temenggung Abdul Rahman.
 Perjanjian telah dimeterai pada tahun 1824 dan
Singapura kemudiannya telah menjadi sebuah wilayah
yang diduduki oleh pihak British.
 Farquhar sebagai residen Singapura yang pertama.
 Raffles juga telah melantik 12 orang Majistret bagi
mentadbir kes-kes sivil dan jenayah
 Ketidaktentuan undang-undang yang terpakai berlaku.
 Diselesaikan dengan pengenalan Piagam Keadian Kedua
pada tahun 1826.
 NEGERI-NEGERI SELAT
 Pulau Pinang, Melaka & Singapura
 Dibentuk 1826.
 Pusat pentadbiran pertama di Pulau Pinang dan pada tahun 1832
berpindah ke Singapura.
 Dibawah pemerintahan Inggeris di Benggala India tetapi pada tahun
1967 dipindahkan di London.
 Dianggap sebaghagian daripada wilayah British.
 Diperintah oleh Gbenor dengan dibantu oleh Residen.
 1826 Piagam Keadilan II.
 Objektif untuk memperkenalkan Undang-Undang Inggeris.
 Sejauhmana keadaan tempatan membenarkan dan jika tiada undang-
undang tempatan undang-undang Inggeris akan terpakai.
 Peringkat awal ada seorang Hakim dan berpusat di Pulau Pinang.
 Jarang ada di Singapura dan Melaka.
 Kuputusan kehakiman yang buruk telah berlaku.
 Bagi mengatasi masalah ini Piagam Keadilan III telah diperkenalkan
pada tahun 1855.
 KES-KES
 Ong Cheng Neo v. Yeap Cheah Neo &
Ors [1872] 1 Ky. 326
‘In either view the law of England must
be taken to be the governing law, so far
as it is applicable to the circumstances
of the place, and modified in its
application by these circumstances,
Isaac Penhas v. Tan Soo Eng
[1953] M.L.J. 73
“In accordance with these decisions
their Lordship hold that the common law
of England was in force in Singapore in
1937 except in so far as it was
inapplicable and except in so far as it
was nrcessary to modify it to prevent
hardships upon the inhabitants who
were entitled by terms of the Charter to
the excercise of their relegious manners
and customs”
 KES-KES LAIN
 Leong & Anor v. Lim Beng Chye [1955]
M.L.J. 153
 Choa Choon Neoh v. Spottiswoode
[1869] 1 Ky. 213.
 Fatimah & Ors v. Logan & Ors [1871] 1
Ky. 255
 In The Goods of Abdullah [1835] 2 Ky.
Ec. 8.
 NEGERI-NEGERI MELAYU
BERSEKUTU
 1895.
 BUKAN WILAYAH BRITISH HANYA WILAYAH YANG DILINDUNGI
BRITISH.
 PERAK, SELANGOR, NEGERI SEMBILAN & PAHANG.
 SBLM ; UNDANG-UNDANG ISLAM DAN ADAT.
 MLL SISTEM RESIDEN.
 NASIHAT SULTAN DALAM SEMUA HAL KECUALI AGAMA DAN
ADAT ISTIADAT.
 JWW BIRCH RESIDEN PERTAMA.
 SOMBONG DAN MASUK CAMPUR DALAM SEMUA HAL TERMASUK
AGAMA DAN ADAT ISTIADAT MELAYU.
 DIBUNUH DI PASIR SALAK.
 DIGANTI OLEH SIR HUGH LOW PADA 1877.
 FASIH BERBAHASA MELAYU DAN DISENANGI OLEH PARA
PEMBESAR.
 PERAK NEGERI PERTAMA BUAT PERJANJIAN DENGAN BRITISH.
 PERJANJIAN PANGKOR 20 JANUARI 1874.
 SULTAN ABDULLAH & BRITISH.
 Shaikh Abdul Latiff v. Shaikh Elias
Bux
[1915] 1 F.M.S.L.R. 204

 The British treaties with the rulers of

these States merely provided that the
advice of the British administrators
should be followed and in accordance
with such advice Courts have been
established by Enactment, British judges
appointed, and a British administration
established
 Seksyen 2 Enakmen Undang-
Undang Sivil 1937
 Save in so far as other provision has been or may
hereafter be made by any written law in force in the
Federated Malay States, the common law in England
and the rules of equity, as administered in England at
the commencement of this Enactment, other than
any modifications of such law or any such rules
enacted by statute, shall be in force in the Federated
Malay States: Provided always that the said common
law and rules of equity shall be in force in the
Federated Malay States so far only as the
circumstances of the Federated Malay States and its
inhabitants permit and subject to such qualifications
as local circumstances render necessary
 Yong Joo Lin v. Fung Poi Fong
[1941] M.L.J. 54

 Principles of English Law have for so

many years been accepted in the
Federated Malay States where no other
provison has been made by Statute.
Section 2(1) of the Civil Law Enactment,
therefore, merely gave statutory
reception to a practice which the courts
had previously followed
 Negeri-Negeri Melayu
Tidak Bersekutu
 Kelantan, Kedah, Terengganu, Perlis dan juga Johor.
 Penasihat Inggeris telah dilantik bagi menasihati
sultan dalam hal-hal pentadbiran kecuali mengenai
agama dan adat istiadat orang Melayu.
 Pemakaian undang-undang Inggeris di Negeri-negeri
Melayu Tidak Bersekutu ini berlaku secara tidak
langung dengan pengenalan undang-undang, hakim
dan peguam yang mempunyai latar belakang
pendidikan undang-undang Inggeris.
 Keputusan-keputusan mahkamah juga memainkan
peranan dalam mengembangkan undang-undang
Inggeris ini bukan saha di Negeri-negeri Melayu
Bersekutu tetapu juga di Negeri-Negeri Melayu Tidak
Bersekutu.
 Mohammad Ganny v. Vadveng
Kuti [1933] 7 F.M.S.L.R 170

 Although no Code of Civil wrong has

ever been passed, the courts in this
country in matters of Tort have always
followed the law of England
 Kes-Kes Lain ?
 Goh Chong Hin v. Consolidated Malay
Rubber [1924] 5 F.M.S.L.R. 86.
 Government of Perak v. Adams [1914] 2
F.M.S.L.R. 144.
 Kandasamy v. Suppiah [1919] 1 F.M.S.L.R
381.
 Mohamed Ganny v. Vadveng Kuti [1933] 7
FMSLR 170.
 Motor Emporium v. Aerumugam [1933] 2
M.L.J. 276.
 Borneo?
Serawak
 Pada kurun ke 16 Serawak berada di bawah jajahan takluk kerajaan Brunei.
 Bapa saudara sultan Brunei ketika itu iaitu Raja Muda Hashim merupakan pemerintah
Serawak.
 Pelbagai masalah lanun dan tentangan penduduk tempatan.
 James Brooke tiba di Serawak pada tahun 1839.
 Dengan pertolongan daripada James Brooke ini, maka pemberontakan-pemberontakan
yang berlaku telah berjaya diatasi.
 Kesannya daripadanya dan akibat daripada perjanjian yang telah dimetarai di antara
Janes Brooke dan Pengiran Muda Hashim maka pada tahun 1841 James Brooke telah
dilantik sebagai Rajah di Serawak.
 Perlantikan ini telah menandakan bermulanya dinasti keluarga Brooke memerintah
Serawak dalam jangkamasa satu abad lamanya.
 Pada peringkat permulaan penrtadbirannya, James Brooke telah melaksanakan corak
pemerintahan yang menggabungkan undang-undang Inggeris dan adat tenpatan
secara tidak formal.
 Kemudiannya, James Brooke telah berusaha untuk memulihkan keamanan dan
ketenteraman Serawak kesan daripada pemberontakan yang telah berlaku
sebelumnya.
 Untuk memulihkan kamanan di Serawak beliau telah mewujudkan lebiah kurang lapan
jenis undang-undang yang merangkumi pelbagai perkara seperti jenayah,
perdagangan, jual beli dan sebagainya.
 Selain itu, beliau juga telah mendapat bantuan daripada Tentera Laut Diraja British
untuk mengatasi masalah perlanunan di perairan negeri Serawak
 Sabah?
 Dulu dikenali sebagai North Borneo.
 Juga jajahan Brunei.
 Diambil British dan menjadi negeri dibawah
naungan.
 Pada mulanya ditadbir oleh British North
India Company.
 Ordinan Undang-Undang Sivil 1938.
 North Borneo Application of Law Ordinance
1951.
 Kemudian common law & ekuiti terpakai
secara rasmi di Sabah.
 Kes-Kes ?
 Reg. v. Willans [1858] 3 Ky 16
 In The Goods of Abdullah [1835] 2 Ky Ec. 8
 Choa Choon Neoh v. Spottiswoode [1869] 1 Ky 216
 Ong Cheng Neoh v. Yeap Cheah Neo & Ors [1872] 1 Ky. 326
 Isaac Penhas v. Tan Soo Eng [1953] MLJ 73.
 Government of Perak v. AR Adams [1914] 2 FMSLR 144
 Leong Bee & Co v. Ling Nam Rubber Works [1970] 2 MLJ 45
 Motor Emporium v. V. Arumugam [1933] MLJ 276
 Kho Leng Guan v. Kho Eng Guan [1936] S.C.R. 60
 SM Mahadar bin Datu Tuanku Mohamad v. Chee [1941] S.C.R
96.
 Liu Kui Tze v. Lee Shak Lian (f) [1953] S.C.R. 85
 Chan Bee Neo & Ors v. Ee Siok Choo [1947] S.C.R. 1.