THE BOOK OF ENOCH

Book I (1-36)
The Parable of Enoch

INTRODUCTORY VISIONS AND PARABLES OF ENOCH

The righteous and the wicked

1 1 The blessing of Enoch: with which he blessed the elect and the righteous who
3

would be present on the day of tribulation at (the time of) the removal of all the Pss sol 4:9
2 ungodly ones. And Enoch, the blessed and righteous man of the Lord, took up Num24:3f.
b # 0 d

(his parable) while his eyes were open and he saw, and said, "(This is) a holy
e f

vision from the heavens which the angels showed me: and I heard from them
everything and I understood. I look not for this generation but for the distant one
3 that is coming. 1 speak about the elect ones and concerning them.' *And I took up Num 24:3f.
8 ,

with a parable (saying), "The God of the universe, the Holy Great One, will come
11

4 forth from his dwelling. • And from there he will march upon Mount Sinai and appear Micah i:3;
1

in his camp emerging from heaven* with a mighty power. And everyone shall be JSMOS IO.-3
k 2

5 afraid, and Watchers shall quiver. »And great fear and trembling shall seize them Dan
1

6 unto the ends of the earth. •Mountains and high places'" will fall down" and be ' ' 4:l3 17 23

frightened. And high hills shall be made low; and they shall melt like a honeycomb 0

7 before the flame. «And earth shall be rent asunder; and all that is upon the earth
p q

8 shall perish. And there shall be a judgment upon all, (including) the righteous/ And wissoi
#

to all the righteous he will grant peace. He will preserve the elect, and kindness
5 4 : 1 5

shall be upon them. They shall all belong to God and they shall prosper and be sir 43:26
1

9 blessed; and the light of God shall shine unto them. • Behold, he will arrive with ten Jude 14.15

1 a. The Eth. qdla barakat should be translated ton.

simply as "the blessing" and not lit. as "the word(s) i. S o A. B reads yewa&e* qeddus . . . wa-'amldka
of blessing" as Charles does. 'alam wa-emheyya, creating an impossible phrase-
b. B and C, following several possibly later and ology. Charles kept the wa- before 'amldka as some
inflated M S S , read *ekuydn(a) wa-rasfdn(a), "the of his MSS did and, contrary to all his MSS, which
evil and ungodly o n e s . " Note to the reader: The he claimed were wrong, dropped the wa- before
letters A , B , C respectively represent our basic text 'emheyya, creating an artificial text in C.
(Kebrdn MS 9/II); the text of Princeton Ethiopic 3; j . Lit. "and appear from heaven."
and the printed text of Charles. EC represents the k. B reads "his mighty power."
notes in Charles's edition of the Eth. Enoch. (For 1. Lit. "Diligent guards." [Watchers are the fallen
others see "Texts.") angels.]
c. B and C, following supposedly all Charles's m. So A. B and C read "high mountains."
M S S , read be'si sddiq, "the righteous m a n . " n. Eth. waywadqu, "will fall d o w n , " is not
d. [The various Eth. words for God or Lord have attested in B and C.
been translated consistently through lEn as follows: o. A B C read ma'ara gerd, "honeycomb," not
1. 'Egzfabher represents LORD (the Eth. translation gerd ma'ar, " w a x . " However, the two expressions
of Yahweh in the OT). 2. 'Egzfa represents Lord are sometimes confused in usage.
(the Eth. translation of Adonai in the OT). 3 . 'Amlak p. Lit. " f r o m . "
represents God (the Eth. translation of Elohim in the q. B had "shall sink."
OT). Note that "Lord ['Egzfa] of the Spirits" occurs r. B: "and all the righteous." It seems to me that
only in chs. 3 7 - 7 1 . — J . H. Charlesworth and E. G. Charles wrongly assumed la?la sddiqdn k"elomu,
Martin] "upon all the righteous," to be a dittography of
e. The extant Gk. text reads analabon ten para- words before and after.
bolen, "he took up his parable." So also 4QEn 1:1 a
s. B and C read respectively "as to the righteous"
(Milik, The Books of Enoch, p. 182). and "to the righteous."
f. So A B C against the Gk. orasis, "his mouth." t. Or "they will become God's property." So
g. B reads, as do some other MSS of Charles, Ethiopian commentators.
lazaymas'u tewled rehuqdn, "distant generations that u. All of Charles's M S S , except e, read mas'a,
will be coming." "he c a m e . " Ethiopian commentators who follow this
h. B and C, following supposedly all of Charles's reading argue that the perfect tense is used to em-
MSS, read mesla, which is unintelligible. Mesla phasize that "he will certainly c o m e . " Cf. Jude 14
mesale, "with a proverb [or "parable"], " which is also. The Eth. te'lfi designates ten thousand times a
attested in A, is accurate, and the other MSS must thousand. Cf. Wa-'atah Merb'bot Qodesh in Deut
have lost mesale, probably because of homoeoteleu- 33:2. LXX reads syn myriasyn Kadis.
 million of the holy ones in order to execute judgment upon all. He will destroy the
11 v

wicked ones* and censure all flesh on account of everything that they have done,
x

that which the sinners and the wicked ones committed against him."*

1 2 Examine all the activities which take place) in the sky and how they do not alter a b

their ways, (and examine) the luminaries of heaven, how each one of them rises and
sets; each one is systematic according to its respective season; and they do not divert
2 from their appointed order. «And look at the earth and turn in your mind concerning
0 d

the action which is taking place* in her from the beginning to the end: how all the
f

3 work of God as being manifested does not change. »And behold* the summer and
8 11

the winter, how the whole earth is filled with water and clouds and dew; and he
j k

causes rain to rest upon her.

1

i 3 Examine and observe" everything—and the trees, how all their leaves appear as
3 c

if they wither and had fallen, except fourteen trees whose (leaves) do not fall but
d 0 f 8

the old (foliage) remains for about two to three years until the new (leaves) come/
h

I 4 And again, examine the days of the summer, how (the heat of) the sun is upon
3 b

(the earth) and dominates her. And as for you, you will crave shade and shelter on
c d 6

account of the heat of the sun; and the earth shall burn with scorching heat, and you
are not able to walk on the earth or on the rock on account of the heat. f

1 5 Observe how the verdant trees are covered with leaves and they bear fruit. Pay 3

attention * concerning all things and know in what manner he fashioned them. All
1 c d

2 of them belong to him who lives forever. • His work proceeds and progresses from e

v. B and C read "upon them." It appears that A 3 a. A C : (ayyequ. B: tayyaqu, as in all of the other
is in this respect the least corrupt text, since it seems Charles MSS.
to agree with the Gk., Pseudo-Cyprian, and Jude 15. b. B has re'iku.
w. The Gk., Pseudo-Cyprian, Pseudo-Vigilius, c. B: "Examine and observe the trees." C: "Ex-
and Jude 15 read "all the evil o n e s . " amine and observe all the trees." Cf. 4QEn : "Ob- a

x. Or "rebuke." serve that all the trees wither" (Milik, The Books of
y. Following Jude 15, Pseudo-Cyprian, and the Enoch, pp. 146f.).
Gk., Charles has suggested emending the text to read d. B C: "how they seem as though they had
"And of all the hard things which ungodly sinners withered and all their leaves shed."
have spoken against h i m . " e. B: " t w e l v e ."
f. Cf. Geoponica 11:1.
g. A and B and all known Eth. MSS read 'lla,
2 a. The syntax of A, layyequ k ulo gebra za-westa
w
"which."
samdy, is superior to that of B and C. B and all the h. Or "rainy season."
other MSS which Charles studied also give the wrong i. Lit. "they will remain from the old to the n e w . "
grammatical form: layyaqu for (ayyequ, which is
found in A. Some Ethiopian commentators also read 4 a. Lit. "dry season."
(ayyaqqu, "I inquired [or " e x a m i n e d " ] ." b. Lit. "the sun."
b. B and C read " h o w , " not "and h o w . " c. Lit. "upon her."
c. B reads 'emiezazomu, "their appointed com- d. Lit. "her first," "her greater o n e , " "ahead of
mandments." her." B: ba-qedmehd, "in her face," "in front of
d. Lit. "understand," "take notice," "think," her." C: ba-qadamehd, "against her."
"be mindful of." e. Lit. " s e e k . "
e. Lit. "which is being acted." f. B C: "her heat."
f. So A. westetd. B and C have "upon her,"
Id'lend. 5 a. Eth. *e§ ba-hamalmala yetkaddanu ba-q asel w

g. A B: gebru. C: megbdru. wa-yefarryu. The reading of B and C, 'e$aw ba-

h. Eth. 'enza ydstar'i is a somewhat dangling hamalmala *aq uselyetkaddanu
w
wa-yefarreyu, "trees
phrase. Cf. EC, p. 6, nn. 13, 15, regarding the clause cover themselves with green leaves and bear fruit,"
in Gk., which is lost in Eth. is an easier and grammatically smoother one.
i. A: war'ikewo. B and C: reyywd. b. B C: "and pay attention."
j . Lit. "the dry and rainy season." c. Erroneously gebromu for gabromu.
k. A (mdya, wa-dammand wa-tala wa-zendma) d. Overall, the reading of A is closer to the Gk.
has the right text over against B and C (mdya wa- epoiesen aula hutds. The reading of B, ba-kama
dammand wa-tal wazendm). Cf. EC, p. 6, n. 22. gabra la-kemu la 'elontu k olomu zaheyydw
w
la-'alam,
1. Cf. 4QEn . It is distantly possible to render A
a
and that of C, ba-kama gabarkemu la-'eluntu k ul- K

"and the cloud causes dew and rain to rest upon her omu, are both corrupt and not very intelligible.
[the earth]." e. Eth. qadama. B C: qedmehu, "before h i m . "
 year to year. And all his work prospers and obeys him, and it does not change; but
f 8

3 everything functions in the way in which God has ordered it. »And look at the seas:
11 1 j

4 They do not part; they fulfill all their duties. *But as for you, you have not been long-
k

suffering and you have not done the commandments of the Lord, but you have
transgressed and spoken slanderously' grave and harsh words with your impure mouths
5 against his greatness. Oh, you hard-hearted, may you not find peace! •Therefore, you
shall curse your days, and the years of your life shall perish and multiply in eternal
6 execration; and there will not be any mercy unto you. «In those days; you shall make
your names" an eternal execration unto all the righteous; and the sinners shall curse
1

7 you continually—you together with the sinners." »But to the elect there shall be light,
joy, and peace, and they shall inherit the earth. To you, wicked ones, on the contrary,
8 there will be a curse. -And then wisdom shall be given to the elect. And they shall
0 0

all live and not return again to sin, either by being wicked or through pride; but
q

9 those who have wisdom shall be humble and not return again to sin. «And they shall
not be judged all the days of their lives; nor die through plague or wrath,' but" they
r 5

10 shall complete the (designated) number of the days of their life. »And peace shall
increase their lives and the years of their happiness shall be multiplied forever in
v

gladness and peace all the days of their life.

The fall of angels

1 6 In those days, when the children of man had multiplied, it happened that there Gen. 6.1^
2 were born unto them handsome and beautiful daughters. »And the angels, the children
of heaven, saw them and desired them; and they said to one another, "Come, let us
choose wives for ourselves from among the daughters of man and beget us children."3

3 And Semyaz,° being their leader, said unto them, "I fear that perhaps you will not
0

consent that this deed should be done, and I alone will become (responsible) for this 41

4 great sin." *But they all responded to him, "Let us all swear an oath and bind
e

everyone among us by a curse not to abandon this suggestion but to do the deed." f

5 Then they all swore together and bound one another by (the curse). *And they were 8

6
altogether two hundred; and they descended into 'Ardos, which is the summit of
11 1

Hermon.J And they called the mount Armon, for they swore and bound one another
7 by a curse. »And their names are as follows: Semyaz," the leader of Arakeb,
k 1 1

Rame'el, Tam'el, Ram'el, Dan'el, Ezeqel, Baraqyal, As'el, Armaros, Batar'el,

f. Lit. "they o b e y . " v. B C Gk. fragments: "and their lives shall be

g. B and C have the awkward reading wa-mege- increased in peace."
bdru qedmehu . . . zayekawun wa-k ulu w
megbdru
yetqannay [B: yetqanayu] lotu.
h. Lit. "it is d o n e . " 6 a. Lit. "the children."
i. I.e. organized. b. B C: Semyaza.
j . Eth. bdhrata, in the accusative form. B and C c. B: " w h o is their leader."
give the common plural form 'abhert, in the nomi- d. Cf. B: "I alone will become the payer." Text
native form. of Ayfadfdda, "exceedingly," is corrupt forfaddyi.
k. So A: wa-ifalag, lit. "it does not part." This C, 'ekawwen . . .faddya. is somewhat awkward.
reading of A appears to be corrupt. B and C, in e. B C: "they responded to him and said."
agreement with the Gk., he thalassa kai hoipotamoi, f. Eth. zdti gebr, "this d e e d . " B and C, zdti mekr
read 'abhert wa-'afag hebura, "the seas and the gebra and zdti (mekr) gebr respectively, are redun-
rivers together." dant.
1. I.e. in a backbiting manner. g. Lit. "by it."
m. B: "your peace." h. Lit. "And all of them were . . . "
n. The Eth. is corrupt. As for the variations in the i. B C: 'Ardis.
different Gk. texts, particularly in the Akhmim ad- j . B C: "Mount Hermon." Following the Gk.
ditions, see EC, p. 9. fragment, the correct reading may be "and they
o. B: wa-'emmahi. descended in the days of Jared on the summit of
p. Eth. yetwahab. B C: yetwahabomu. Mount Hermon." Cf. EC, p. 13f.
q. Lit. "they shall not repeat s i n . " C: "they will k. Regarding the paronomasia between Hermon
not again s i n . " (of Mount Hermon) and herem. "curse," cf. EC,
r. For the variation in the Gk. fragments, cf. EC, p. 14.
pp. lOf. 1. Lit. "And here are [this is (the list) of] their
s. I.e. divine punishment. names, it is like this . . . " C and B read "And these
t. I.e. divine wrath. are the names of their leaders."
u. Eth. 'ella, wrong for 'alia. m. B: Semyaza. C: Sami'azaz.
8 Anan'el, Zaqe'el, Sasomasp e'el, Kestar'el, Tur'el, Yamayol, and Arazyal." •These
are their chiefs of tens and of all the others with them.
0 0

1 7 And they took wives unto themselves, and everyone (respectively) chose one
8
wisSoi
woman for himself, and they began to go unto them. And they taught them magical i f u l s ?
b

2 medicine, incantations, the cutting of roots, and taught them (about) plants. *And the c

women became pregnant and gave birth to great giants whose heights were three 2:4; jub d

3 hundred cubits. •These (giants) consumed the produce of all the people until the *
c f 8 7:22f

4 people detested feeding them. "So* the giants turned against (the people) in order to ^ m '
h 4 ,

5 eat them. *And they began to sin against birds, wild beasts, reptiles, and fish. And j ^ ^ . 2

6 their flesh was devoured the one by the other, and they drank blood.* And then the m>7:28; ' #

earth brought an accusation against the oppressors. 21: 6

1 8 And Azaz'el taught the people (the art of) making swords and knives, and shields,
and breastplates; and he showed to their chosen ones bracelets, decorations, (shad- 3

owing of the eye) with antimony, ornamentation, the beautifying of the eyelids, all
b

2 kinds of precious stones , and all coloring tinctures and alchemy . And there were
c d #

many wicked ones and they committed adultery and erred, and all their conduct
e

3 became corrupt. Amasras taught incantation and the cutting of roots; and Armaros Dan 5:12
# f

the resolving of incantations; and Baraqiyal astrology , and Kokarer'el (the knowledge
8 h 1

of) the signs,j and Tam'el taught the seeing of the stars, and Asder'el taught the
k 1

4 course of the moon as well as the deception" of man." »And (the people) cried and1

their voice reached unto heaven.

1 9 Then Michael, Surafel, and Gabriel observed carefully from the sky and they saw
3

much blood being shed upon the earth," and all the oppression being wrought upon
2 the earth. -And they said to one another, "The earth, (from) her empty (foundation),
3 has brought the cry of their voice unto the gates of heaven. »And now, [O] holy ones
of heaven, the souls of people are putting their case before you pleading, 'Bring our

n. B C: "Sami'azaz [B: Semyaza], who is their 8 a. Eth. za-'emhrehomu. C and B have za-em-
leader, Arakibarame'el [B: Urakibarame'el], Koka- dhrehomu, "those after them," which Charles thinks
bi'el [B: Akibe'el], Tami'el [B: Tame'el], Rami'el is a corruption of the G ta metalla (cf. ta met'auta).
s

{B: Raw'el], Dan'el, Ezeqe'el, Baraqiyal [B: Lara- G has megala. Cf. EC, p. 16, n. 30. C and B also
a

quyal], Asa'el, Armaros [B: Armeses], Batar'el [B: add "the making of them." Eth. za-'emdhrehomu is
Batra'al], Anan'el, Zaqi'el [B: Zaqebe], Samsape'el, rendered as "their successors" or "their children"
Satar'el [B: Sart'el], Tur'el, Yomya'el, Arazyal." by Ethiopian commentators.
Cf. EC. p. 14. b. Lit. "antimony."
0. Eth. 'abayta. B C wrongly: habayta and ha~ c. Lit. "and of stones all kinds of precious and
baytomu respectively. chosen stones."
p. B adds "of the two hundred angels." d. A adds tawaleio 'alam, "transmutation of the
world." I render it as "alchemy." Cf. EC, p. 18,
7 a. C: "they and all the others with them." n. 5. Ethiopian commentators explain this phrase as
b. B and C add "and became added unto them." "changing a man into a horse or mule or vice versa,
For variations in the Gk. fragments in this and ch. or transferring an embryo from one womb to an-
8, see EC, pp. 17f. other."
c. Eth. maharewon. B C: 'amarewon. e. B C: "and there was [great and] much wicked-
d. Lit. "and their heights." ness."
e. C: " w h o . " Cf. 4QEn , which is closer to A.
a
f. B: Amezaras. C: Amizaras.
f. Lit. "toil," "labor." So 4QEn . a
g. B: Baraq'al.
g. A should be rendered either "All of these h. Lit. "the seeing of stars."
consumed the toil of the people" or "These con- i. B C: Kokab'el.
sumed the toil of all the people" by transposing the j . I.e. miraculous signs,
correctly nominative Eth. k ellu in the phrase ellu
w y
k. B: Tem'el. C: Tami'el.
bal*u k ellu sdmd sabe. Cf. 4QEn . All of Charles's
H a
1. B: Asrad'el.
MSS give the accusative kwellu. Cf. EC, p. 16, nn. m. B and C read "destruction."
9, 10. n. Concerning variations in the Gk. fragments see
h. Eth. sesyota sab'e. C: sab'e sesyota. EC, p. 18f.
1. Lit. " A n d . "
j . Possibly "And they devoured one another's
flesh, and drank the blood." B adds 'emnehd, which 9 a. B: Uryan and Suryan. C: Ur'el and Rufa'el.
is a doublet of the following word. b. A also adds ba-tdhetu, "under it."
 4 judgment before the Most High.' " *And they said to the Lord of the potentates,
c 41

" F o r he is the Lord of lords, and the God of gods/ and the King of kings, and the 8

seat of his glory (stands) throughout all the generations of the world. Your name is
h

5 holy, and blessed, and glorious throughout the whole world.' • You have made
every thing* and with you is the authority for everything. Every thing is naked and k

open before your sight, and you see everything; and there is nothing which can hide
6 itself from you. You see what Azaz'el has done; how he has taught all (forms of)
# 1

oppression upon the earth. And they revealed" eternal secrets which are performed
1

7 in heaven (and which) man learned." • (Moreover) Semyaz, to whom you have given 0

power to rule over his companions, co-operating, they went in unto the daughters
0

8 of the people on earth; and they lay together with them—with those women—and
0 #

9 defiled themselves, and revealed to them every (kind of) sin. As for the women, #

they gave birth to giants to the degree that the whole earth was filled with blood and
10 oppression. And now behold, the Holy One will cry/ and those who have died will
#

bring their suit up to the gate of heaven. Their groaning has ascended (into heaven),
5

but they could not get out from before the face of the oppression that is being
1

11 wrought on earth. »And you know everything (even) before it came to existence/
and you see (this thing) (but) you do not tell us what is proper for us that we may
v

do regarding it."

1 10 And then spoke the Most High, the Great and Holy One! And he sent Asuryal 3 6

2 to the son of Lamech, (saying), • "Tell him in my name, 'Hide yourself!' and reveal
c

to him the end of what is coming; for the earth and everything will be destroyed. 0

And the Deluge is about to come upon all the earth; and all that is in it will be
3 destroyed. *And now instruct him in order that he may flee, and his seed will be
6

4 preserved for all generations." And secondly the Lord said to Raphael/ "Bind
f #

Azaz'el hand and foot (and) throw him into the darkness!" And he made a hole in
h 1

5 the desert which was in Duda'el and cast him there; •he threw on top of him rugged Jude 6
6 and sharp rocks. And he covered his face in order that he may not see light; «and
j k

7 in order that he may be sent into the fire on the great day of judgment. And give #

life to the earth which the angels have corrupted. And he will proclaim life for the 1

earth: that he is giving life to her. And all the children of the people will not perish
m

c. B C: "the souls of people are making their suit, v. The Eth. text is corrupt. Cf. EC, p. 24, n. 12,
saying, 'Bring our case [lit. "judgment"] before the and p. 25.
Most High.' "
d. Lit. " k i n g s . " One of the duplicate versions of
the Syncellus Gk. fragment reads "The Lord of the 10 a. C: "Then spoke the Most High, the Great and
a g e s , " or "of the world," ton aidnon. Holy One said." Cf. EC, p. 24, n. 20.
e. Eth. 'esma, "for," "because." In the Syncellus b. B: Arsayalaldor. C: 'Asarya Leyur. Cf. also
fragment we have Su, " y o u , " instead. EC, p. 24, n. 23.
f. Lit. "your G o d . " B C: "their G o d . " c. C, supported by G , adds " G o to Noah and tell
s

g. Lit. "your king." B C: "their king." him . . . " See EC, p. 2 4 , n. 25.
h. C: "your glory." d. So A. B C: "the whole earth."
i. B and C repeat "glorious." e. B omits " a l l . " C, following the Gk. fragments,
j . A omits "everything," found in the other MSS. reads "it will destroy all that is in it."
k. A omits "Everything," found in the other MSS. f. So B and C. The text of A, which reads "and
1. B and C read " w h o . " his seed will kneel down [worship] for all genera-
m. B C: "and he revealed." tions," is obviously corrupt.
n. B: wa- amara sabldtdt. C: wa-'amara
y
sabe'a. g. The name designates "God is a healer."
Cf. EC, p. 22, n. 15, and p. 23. h. Lit. "by hand." Cf. TarJon Gen 6:3, in which
o. B: Semyaza. C: "and of Semyaza." the names Semyaza and Azaz'el appear.
p. Lit. "together with." i. Lit. "by foot."
q. B omits "on earth" and wrongly repeats "to- j . B and C add "cover him with darkness and let
gether with." him abide there forever."
r. This phrase is attested neither in other Eth. MSS k. The preceding two sentences are given in the
nor in the Gk. fragments. Instead, we have "the imperative form in B and C: "And make a hole in
souls of the dead." Cf. EC, pp. 22f. the desert . . . "
s. Lit. "and their." 1. Lit. "he will make you know."
t. Lit. " a n d ." m. Lit. "to the earth." The Gk. fragments read
u. B omits "everything before it came to exist- "that he may heal the plague." Cf. also EC, p. 26,
« A
 8 through all the secrets (of the angels)," which they taught to their sons. *And the
whole earth has been corrupted by Azaz'el's teaching of his (own) actions; and write
9 upon him all sin. And to Gabriel the Lord said, "Proceed against the bastards and
#

the reprobates and against the children of adultery; and destroy the children of adultery
and expel the children of the Watchers from among the people. And send them 0

against one another (so that) they may be destroyed in the fight, for length of days
10 have they not. •They will beg you everything—for their fathers on behalf of
p

themselves—because they hope to live an eternal life. (They hope) thaF each one of
11 them will live a period of five hundred years." »And to Michael God said, "Make
known to Semyaza and the others who are with him, who fornicated' with the Jub4:22
r 5

12 women," that they will die together with them in all their defilement. And when
v #

they and all their children have battled with each other, and when they have seen 67:4-7; jub
w

the destruction of their beloved ones, bind them for seventy* generations underneath 5:10

the rocks of the ground until the day of their judgment and of their consummation, Jude 6

13 until the eternal judgment is concluded. In those days they will lead them into the Rev20:io,
#

bottom of the fire—and in torment—in the prison (where) they will be locked up Hi 2*41
14 forever. And at the time when they will burn and die, those who collaborated with
# y

them will be bound together with them from henceforth unto the end of (all)
15 generations. »And destroy all the souls of pleasure and the children of the Watchers,
2

16 for they have done injustice to man. • Destroy injustice from the face of the earth.
32

And every iniquitous deed will end, and the plant of righteousness and truth will
17 appear forever and he will plant joy. • And then all the righteous ones will escape;
b2

and become the living ones until they multiply and become tens of hundreds; and 02

all the days of their youth and the years of their retirement they will complete in 412

is peace. And in those days the whole earth will be worked in righteousness, all of
9

19 her planted with trees, and will find blessing. «And they shall plant pleasant trees
e2 17 g2

upon her—vines. And he who plants a vine upon her will produce wine for isa 5:io
1,2
;

plenitude. And every seed that is sown on her, one measure will yield a thousand
12 2 B a r 2 9 : 5

(measures) and one measure of olives will yield ten measures* of presses of oil. 2

20 And you cleanse the earth from all injustice, and from all defilement, and from all
oppression, and from all sin, and from all iniquity which is being done on earth; k2

21 remove them from the earth. And all the children of the people will become
12 #

righteous, and all nations shall worship and bless me; and they will all prostrate
n. Lit. 'through all the secrets which the Watchers
4
and it shall become a blessing; the works of right-
killed," which is obviously a corruption. Cf. EC, p. eousness and truth shall be planted in truth and joy
26, n. 23. The Syncellus fragment reads "disclosed" forevermore." A can be rendered " . . . and the plant
instead of "killed." of righteousness will appear, and plant eternal truth
o. B C: "and destroy . . . from among the people; and j o y . "
and expel them." c2. Lit. "they become and beget." B and C omit
p. Lit. "and they." "they b e c ome ."
q. Lit. "and that." d2. Or "rest," "their sabbaths," sanbatdta zia-
r. Charles, after Radermacher, prefers "Bind Se- homu. B C: sanbata ziahomo, "their sabbath,"
myaza." See EC, p. 28, n. 15, and p. 29. C (and which is intelligible. Therefore Charles, following
G) reads " G o , make known to Semyaza." Wellhausen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten 6 (Berlin, 1899)
s. Or "his companions." pp. 241, 260, suggested substituting refanihomu for
t. Lit. gabru, " d i d . " 4QEn : "(who) associated."
b
sanbat, which he considered a corruption from the
u. B C: "who united with the w o m e n ." Heb. sebuthon, "their old a g e . " Cf. EC, p. 30, n.
v. Or "decay," "corrupt." 9, and p. 3 1 , n. 1. The Eth. sanbatdt in plural (so
w. B and C omit "they and." also G) (cf. sandbet), found in A, does convey a
x. A and B wrongly have la-sabea. sense of "weeks of rest" or "periods of rest or
y. Charles thinks the reading hotan, " w h e n , " is retirement." A notion equivalent to the suggested
a corruption of hos an, "everyone who . . . " (EC, Heb. expression is given by Ethiopian commentators
p. 28, n. 31). Cf. Milik, The Books of Enoch, p. who render the phrase simply as "the period of old
190. age."
z. This is a free translation. The text is corrupt. e2. G reads en aute, "in her."
EC, following the Syncellus fragment, reads "whoever f2. B C: "will be rilled with blessing."
shall be condemned and destroyed will from hence- g2. Lit. "trees of j o y . " C reads "trees of joy
forth be bound with them . . . " Cf. also EC, p. 29, shall be planted." Cf. also G.
n. 5. h2. B C: "And they shall plant vines."
a2. Lit. "and disappear." i2. Lit. "for the satisfaction of the appetite."
b2. B C: "Destroy all injustice from the face of j2. B and C omit "measures."
the earth and let every evil work come to an end; k2. A repeats "and from all defilement."
and let the plant of righteousness and truth appear: 12. So A. B C: "finish them."
22 themselves to me. •And the earth shall be cleansed from all pollution, and from all
sin, and from all plague, and from all suffering; and it shall not happen again that I
shall send (these) upon the earth" from generation to generation and forever.
12

1 11 "And in those days I shall open the storerooms of blessing which are in the Dem 28:12
heavens, so that I shall send them down upon the earth, over the work and the toil
8

2 of the children of man. *And peace and truth shall become partners together* in all PSSS.IO;
the days of the world, and in all the generations of the world." I s a 3 2 : 1 7

Dream vision of Enoch: his intercession for the fallen angels

1 12 Before these things (happened) Enoch was hidden, and no one of the children
2 of the people knew by what he was hidden and where he was. »And his dwelling
place as well as his activities were with the Watchers and the holy ones; and (so
3

3 were) his days. And I, Enoch, began to bless the Lord of the mighty ones and the
# b

4 King of the universe. At that moment the Watchers were calling me. And they
0 # 41 e f

said to me, "Enoch, scribe of righteousness, go and make known to the Watchers
of heaven who have abandoned the high heaven, the holy eternal place, and have
defiled themselves with women, as their deeds move the children of the world, and
8 h

have taken unto themselves wives: They have defiled themselves with great defilement
1

5 upon the earth; • neither will there be peace unto them nor the forgiveness of sin.
6 For their children delight in seeing the murder of their beloved ones. But they shall j

groan and beg forever over the destruction of their children, and there shall not be
peace unto them even forever. " k

His intercession for Azaz'el

1 13 As for Enoch, he proceeded and said to Azaz'el, "There will not be peace unto
8

2 you; a grave judgment has come upon you. •They will put you in bonds, and you 0

will not have (an opportunity for) rest and supplication/ because you have taught
c

injustice and because you have shown to the people deeds of shame, injustice, and
6

3 sin." 'Then I went and spoke to all of them together; and they were all frightened,
4 and fear and trembling seized them. «And they begged me to write for them a memorial
prayer in order that there may be for them a prayer* of forgiveness, and so that I may
f

5 raise their memorial prayer unto the Lord of heaven. 'For, as for themselves, from
henceforth they will not be able to speak, nor will they raise their eyes unto heaven
6 as a result of their sins which have been condemned. •And then I wrote down their
memorial prayers and the petitions on behalf of their spirits and the deeds of each one
of them, on account of the fact that they have prayed in order that there may be for h

7 them forgiveness (of sin) and a length (of days). *And I went and sat down upon the
waters of Dan—in Dan which is on the southwest of Hermon—and I read their
8 memorial prayers until I fell asleep. «And behold a dream came to me and visions fell

m2. Lit. "upon her." f. Lit. " h e . "

g. Lit. " h i s . "
11 a. B C: "in heaven." h. Lit. "of the people." In the preceding clause,
b. B and C omit "together." kama yegassewoO), the text is unclear. B C: "they
have done as the children of the people d o . "
i. The Gk. has " y o u . " Cf. EC, p. 33.
12 a. So A. Instead of wa-makdno, "his dwelling j . C: "they delight in their children . . . "
place," B and C read: wa-menta kona, "and what k. B C: "there shall not be mercy and peace unto
he had become," or "what had become of h i m . " them."
Apparently this is an error due to homoeoteleuton.
b. B reads "great Lord." C, on the basis of the 13 a. B C: "and Enoch."
Gk. fragments, reads "Lord of Majesty." Cf. EC, b. S o A.
p. 32, nn. 8f. c. Lit. "it will not b e . "
c. Also "King of the ages" and "the eternal d. Text, "for error and supplication," corrupt.
King" are possible. e. Text unclear.
d. Lit. "And behold," "And l o . " f. Lit. "a remembrance of prayer."
e. Lit. "they were calling me Enoch." B C: "they g. Omitted by B and C.
were calling me Enoch, the scribe." h. Text corrupt: "they have beseeched y o u . "
 upon me, and I saw a vision' of plagues' (so that) I may speak to the children of
9 heaven and reprimand them. And upon my awakening, I came unto them (while)
#

they were all conferring" together, in Lesya'el, which is (located) between Lebanon
1

10 and Sanser, while weeping and with their faces covered. And I recounted before
m #
Deut3.9;
them all the visions that I had seen in sleep and began to speak those words of S o n g 4:8

righteousness and to reprimand" the Watchers of heaven. icor6:3

1 14 This is the book of the words of righteousness and the chastisement of the eternal
Watchers, in accordance with how the Holy and Great One had commanded in this
2 vision. I saw in my sleep what I now speak with my tongue of flesh and the breath
#

of the mouth which the Great One has given to man (so that) he (man) may speak
with it —and (so that) he may have understanding with his heart as he (the Great
a

3 One) has created and given it to man. • Accordingly he has created me and given me icor6:3
the word of understanding" so that I may reprimand the Watchers, the children of
4 heaven. •! wrote down your prayers—so it appeared in vision —for your prayers will 1

not be heard throughout all the days of eternity; and judgment is passed upon you.
d 6

5 From now on you will not be able to ascend into heaven unto all eternity, but you
6 shall remain* inside the earth, imprisoned? all the days of eternity. 'Before that you
will have seen the destruction of your beloved sons and you will not have their
h

7 treasures, which will fall before your eyes by the sword. »And your petitions on
1 1

their behalf will not be heard—neither will those on your own behalf (which you
offer) weeping (and) praying—and you will not speak even a word contained in the
book which I wrote. k

Enoch's vision
8 And behold I saw the clouds: And they were calling me in a vision; and the fogs Mt 17:5;
1

were calling me; and the course of the stars and the lightnings were rushing me and J S i o j i ;
causing me to desire;" and in the vision, the winds were causing me to fly and
1 104:3

9 rushing me high up into heaven." And I kept coming (into heaven) until I approached
#

a wall which was built of white marble and surrounded by tongues of fire; and it 0

10 began to frighten me. And I came into the tongues of the fire and drew near to a
#

great house which was built of white marble, and the inner wall(s) were like mosaics p 11

11 of white marble, the floor " of crystal, *the ceiling like the path of the stars and isa30:3o
1

12 lightnings between which (stood) fiery cherubim and their heaven of water;* »and
13 flaming fire surrounded the wall(s), and its gates were burning with fire. -And 1
entered into the house, which was hot like fire and cold like ice, and there was
1

i. C: "visions." i. Cf. EC, p. 36, n. 24: "and you shall have no

j . The Gk. omits "plague" and reads "and a pleasure in them."
voice came saying." j . B C: "but."
k. Or "gathered." B C: "sitting." k. Charles suggests restoring the text to read
1. B: Abelsya'el. C: Abelsya'il. "though you weep and pray and speak all the words
m. B: Senser. C: Seniser. . . . " Cf. EC, p. 37, n. 11.
n. Lit. "reprimand them." 1. A, "And to me, he saw lo the clouds." seems
corrupt. B C: "And he showed me a vision thus
14 a. B C: "and with my breath (which) the Great
One has given the mouth . . . " Cf. EC, p. 34, n. m. Some think this to be inaccurate. Cf. EC, p.
52. 37, n. 13.
b. This is a reconstruction; the text seems corrupt. n. B and C add "lifted me up into heaven."
Cf. B C: "As he has created man and given him the o. B C: "tongue."
word of understanding, and likewise he has created p. Lit. "and the walls inside the house." B and
me and given to me the (authority of) reprimanding." C h a v e we'tu, " i t , " "this," " h e , " instead of westa.
G omits "he has created me and given me the word " i n . " "inside."
of understanding." q. Lit. "tessellated sheets."
c. B C: "my vision." 4QEn : "a vision to m e . "
c
r. Lit. "the ground."
d. Lit. "it will not happen for y o u . " s. So B, C, and the Gk. fragments. A has samay-
e. Lit. "fulfilled." omu instead of samdyomu. giving the reading "he
f. Eth. tenabberu, "you shall sit," "dwell," named them water" instead of "their heaven was of
"remain." Cf. tenagara. "it is spoken." in B and water."
C. See EC. p. 37. n. 6. t. Lit. " a n d . "
g. Lit. "they will imprison y o u . " u. B C: "there was no pleasure of life in it."
h. Lit. "you s a w . "
 14 nothing inside it; (so) fear covered me and trembling seized me. *And as I shook
u

15 and trembled, I fell upon my face and saw a vision. And behold there was an #

opening before me (and) a second house which is greater than the former and
16 everything was built with tongues of fire. «And in every respect it excelled (the
w

other)—in glory and great honor —to the extent that it is impossible for me to recount
x

17 to you concerning its glory and greatness. As for its floor, it was of fire and above
y # 2

it was lightning and the path of the stars; and as for the ceiling, it was flaming fire. i s a 6 ; Ezek
18 And I observed and saw inside it a lofty throne—its appearance was like crystal and D a n W O ;

19 its wheels like the shining sun; and (I heard?) the voice of the cherubim; *and from ^g^f-V
beneath the throne were issuing streams of flaming fire. It was difficult to look at A s M o s 4 : 2 '
32 b2

20 it. And the Great Glory was sitting upon it—as for his gown, which was shining
c2 #

21 more brightly than the sun, it was whiter than any snow. None of the angels was #

able to come in and see the face of the Excellent and the Glorious One; and no one d2

22 of the flesh can see him— the flaming fire was round about him, and a great fire
#

stood before him. No one could come near unto him from among those that surrounded sir 42:21;
23 the tens of millions (that stood) before him. »He needed no councils but the most 2 2 E n 3 3 : 4

holy ones who are near to him neither go far away at night nor move away from
24 him. •Until then I was prostrate on my face covered and trembling. And the Lord
12

called me with his own mouth and said to me, "Come near to me, Enoch, and to
25 my holy Word." And he lifted me up and brought me near to the gate, but I
g2 -

(continued) to look down with my face.

1 15 But he raised me up and said to me with his voice, "Enoch." I (then) heard,
a b

"Do not fear, Enoch, righteous man, scribe of righteousness; come near to me and
2 hear my voice. *And tell the Watchers of heaven on whose behalf you have been
c

sent to intercede: 'It is meet (for you) that you intercede on behalf of man, and not
11 6

3 man on your behalf. • For what reason have you abandoned the high, holy, and eternal
heaven; and slept with women and defiled yourselves with the daughters of the people,
4 taking wives, acting like the children of the earth, and begetting giant sons? • Surely
you, you [used to be] holy, spiritual, the living ones, [possessing] eternal life; but
(now) you have defiled yourselves with women, and with the blood of the flesh
begotten children, you have lusted with the blood of the people, like them producing f

5 blood and flesh, (which) die and perish. «On that account, I have given you* wives 1

in order that (seeds) might be sown upon them and children born by them, so that the
6 deeds that are done upon the earth will not be withheld from you. • Indeed you, h

formerly you were spiritual, (having) eternal life, and immortal in all the generations
1

7 of the world. •That is why (formerly) I did not make wives for you, for the dwelling
of the spiritual beings of heaven is heaven/
8 "But now the giants who are born from the (union of) the spirits and the flesh shall
be called evil spirits upon the earth, because* their dwelling shall be upon the earth k

9 and inside the earth. Evil spirits' have come out of their bodies. Because from the
#

day that they were created from the holy ones they became the Watchers; their first
origin" is the spiritual foundation." They will become evil upon the earth and shall
1

v. B C: "behold a second house . . . and the 15 a. B C: "and he replied."

entire portal was open before m e . " b. B C: "and I heard his v o i c e . "
w. B and C omit "everything." c. B C: "And go and tell."
x. B C: "in glory, honor, and greatness." d. B C: "who sent y o u . "
y. Lit. "I cannot recount to y o u . " e. Lit. "pray."
z. Lit. "ground." f. B C: "you have done like them."
a2. B adds "great." g. Lit. "them."
b2. Lit. "they could not." h. B C: "that nothing might be wanting to them
c2. B C: "looking," "seeing." on earth."
d2. The Gk. reads "on account of the honor and i. B C: "living the eternal life."
glory." j . B and C omit "because."
e2. Cf. EC, p. 4 0 , n. 21. k. B and C omit "upon the earth."
f2. Charles suggests omitting "covered." Cf. EC, I. B and C read nafsdt, " s o u l , " instead of man-
p. 40, n. 25. ifest, as in A.
4 g2. Charles prefers the Gk. akouson, "hear," m. Lit. "their first beginning."
instead of the Eth. " h o l y . " For this and succeeding n. C, following the Gk.: "they are born from men
phrase see EC, p. 4 0 , n. 28. and the holy Watchers in their beginning . . . "
10 be called evil spirits. -The dwelling of the spiritual beings of heaven is heaven; but
the dwelling of the spirits of the earth, which are born upon the earth, is in the earth. 0

n The spirits of the giants oppress each other; they will corrupt, fall, be excited, and
p q

fall upon the earth, and cause sorrow/ They eat no food, nor become thirsty, nor 5

12 find obstacles. And these spirits shall rise up against the children of the people and
1# u

against the women, because they have proceeded forth (from them).

1 16 "From the days of the slaughter and destruction, and the death of the giants and jub
the spiritual beings of the spirit, and the flesh, from which they have proceeded forth,
which will corrupt without incurring judgment, they will corrupt until the day of the
great conclusion, until the great age is consummated, until everything is concluded
2 (upon) the Watchers and the wicked ones. »And so to the Watchers on whose behalf
3 b

3 you have been sent to intercede—who were formerly in heaven—(say to them), 'You #

were (once) in heaven, but not all the mysteries (of heaven) are open to you, and you
(only) know the rejected mysteries. Those ones you have broadcast to the women
0 d

in the hardness of your hearts and by those mysteries the women and men multiply e

evil deeds upon the earth.' Tell them, Therefore, you will have no peace!' "

Enoch's Tour of the Earth and Sheol

The first journey
1 17 And they lifted me up into one place where there were (the ones) like the flaming Ps 104:4
3

2 fire. And when they (so) desire they appear like men. «And they took me into a place
3 of whirlwind in the mountain; the top of its summit was reaching into heaven. »And
6

I saw chambers of light and thunder in the ultimate end of the depth toward (the
0 1 e

place where) the bow/ the arrow, and their quiver and a fiery sword and all the
4 lightnings were. *And they lifted me up unto the waters of life,« unto the occidental
5 fire which receives every setting of the sun. »And I came to the river of fire which
11

6 flows like water and empties itself into the great sea in the direction of the west. »And
I saw all the great rivers and reached to the great darkness and went into the place
j k

7 where all flesh must walk cautiously. *And I saw the mountains of the dark storms
1

8 of the rainy season and from where the waters of all the seas flow. «And I saw the m

mouths of all the rivers of the earth and the mouth of the sea.

1 18 And I saw the storerooms of all the winds and saw how with them he has
2 embroidered all creation as well as the foundations of the earth. • I saw the cornerstone 2Sam
of the earth; I saw the four winds which bear the earth as well as the firmament of fills 1 Ps

3 heaven. • ! saw how the winds ride the heights of heaven and stand between heaven 3 J o b 3 8 : 6

o. Cf. vss. 7 and 8 above. The Syncellus fragment

omits vs. 10. c. Lit. "the rejected mystery."
p. So A. I have omitted dammanata, "clouds," d. Lit. "This o n e . "
which seems to be dangling in the phrase. Eth. e. Lit. "this mystery."
dammand could also mean " m a s s , " "enormity,"
"immensity," and one could possibly read the text 17 a. The Gk. adds "and brought m e . "
as "The spirits of the giants oppress each other b. G : "darkness."
a

massively." On the other hand the dammanata in c. Lit. " p l a c e s . "

this verse has been regarded by some as a corruption. d. G adds "and the treasures of the stars."
a

The Syncellus fragment has "laying waste." Cf. EC, e. B and C add fyaba, "unto," before "depth,"
p. 4 4 , n. 3. a somewhat unintelligible reading.
q. Lit. " w h o . " f. B C: "fiery b o w . "
r. Cf. EC, pp. 44f. g. C: "living waters." B: "water of life." A and
s. The Gk. fragments add "but nevertheless hun- other MSS add a gloss: za-yetndgar or za-'iyetndgar.
ger." h. Lit. " s e i z e s . "
t. So A. C, on the basis of Dillmann's emendation, i. C: "whose fire flows like water."
reads "cause offense" or "become obstacle." B and j . C omits " a l l . "
other MSS have "they will not be known." k. G adds "and the great river."
a

u. A: "shall not rise u p . " I. C, in agreement with the Gk. fragments, reads
"where no flesh can walk."
16 a. The preceding passage is not completely in- m. B C: "the lake."
telligible and is a difficult reading. Cf. also C and
EC, pp. 44f. 18 a. So A. BCiyerababewd, "stretchout," instead
b. Lit. "And n o w . " of yerakabewd, "ride.''
4 and earth: These are the very pillars of heaven. •! saw the winds which turn the Job26:ii
5 heaven and cause the star to set—the sun as well as all the stars. *l saw the souls b
job 36:29;
carried by the clouds. I saw the path of the angels in the ultimate end of the earth,
c 37:16

6 and the firmament of the heaven above. »And I kept moving in the direction of the
d e

west; and it was flaming day and night toward the seven mountains of precious
f

7 stones—three toward the east and three toward the south. As for those toward the #

east, they were of colored stones—one of pearl stone and one of healing stone; and g

8 as for those toward the south, they were of red stone. »The ones in the middle were h

pressing into heaven like the throne of God, which is of alabaster and whose summit 1
Ezck i:26
9 is of sapphire; »and I saw a flaming fire. »And I saw what was inside those
j k

10
mountains—a place, beyond the great earth, where" the heavens" come together.
1 1 0

n And I saw a deep pitP with heavenly fire on its pillars; I saw inside them descending
12 pillars of fire that were immeasurable (in respect to both) altitude' and depth. And
q s #

on top of that pit I saw a place without the heavenly firmament above it or earthly
foundation under it or water. There was nothing on it—not even birds —but it was a 1

13 desolate and terrible place. And I saw there the seven stars (which) were like great,
#

14 burning mountains." '(Then) the angel said (to me), "This place is the (ultimate) end
of heaven and earth: it is the prison house for the stars and the powers of heaven.
v w

15 • And the stars which roll over upon the fire, they are the ones which have transgressed
the commandments of God from the beginning of their rising because they did not
16 arrive punctually." And he was wroth with them and bound them until the time of
#

the completion of their sin in the year of mystery. " y

1 19 And Uriel said to me, "Here shall stand in many different appearances the spirits
of the angels which have united themselves with women. They have defiled the a

people and will lead them into error so that they will offer sacrifices to the demons
b

as unto gods, until the great day of judgment in which they shall be judged till they
2 are finished. And their women whom the angels have led astray will be peaceful
#

3 ones." (So) I, Enoch, I saw the vision of the end of everything alone; and none
c #

among human beings will see as I have seen.

Names of archangels
] 20 And these are names of the holy angels who watch: •Suru el, one of the holy , a

3 angels—for (he is) of eternity" and of trembling. •Raphael, one of the holy angels,
0

4 for (he is) of the spirits of man. Raguel, one of the holy angels who take vengeance
#

5 for the world and for the luminaries.* •Michael, one of the holy angels, for (he is)
1

b. B C: "turn the heaven and cause the ball of s. Lit. "or in the direction of the depth."
the sun and all the stars to set." t. B C: "There was no water on it and no birds."
c. B C: "I saw the winds on the earth which carry u. Text adds "and like the spirit that was ques-
the clouds." tioning m e . " Regarding this corruption see EC, p.
d. B C: "I saw the path of the angels. I saw in 5 1 , n. 5.
the ultimate end of the earth the firmament of heaven v. B and C add "this. "
above." w. B: "stars of heaven."
e. B C: "And I passed." x. Lit. "because they did not come (A wrongly:
f. C, in accordance with the Gk.: "and I saw a "bring"] in their (allotted) time."
place which burns . . . " y. G: "for a myriad years."
g. Charles suggests "jacinth." Cf. EC, p. 4 9 , n.
13.
19 a. Lit. " Y o u . "
h. B C: "The o n e . "
b. "The people."
i. Lit. "the summit of the throne."
c. Charles considers the Eth. salamaweyan (Gk.
j . Or "stone."
hos eirenaioi) a corruption of eis seiren, "into
k. So A and G. B and C read " a l l . "
sirens." Cf. EC, p. 5 1 , n. 49.
1. Lit. "there was a place." B and C add "and I
saw."
m. Lit. "there." 20 a. B C: " U r i e l . "
n. B: "waters." b. B: "of roaring." C: "of the world."
o. G: "are completed." 0
c. G: "Tartarus." The Gk. reads: "Uriel . . .
p. B reads "a deep pit in the earth." who is over the world and Tartarus."
q. B: "heavenly pillars of fire." d. G: ". . . takes vengeance on the world of the
r. Lit. "either in the direction of the heights." luminaries."
6 obedient in his benevolence over the people and the nations. •Saraqa'el, one of the e

7 holy angels who are (set) over the spirits of mankind who sin in the spirit. •Gabriel,
f

one of the holy angels who oversee the garden of Eden, and the serpents, and the
cherubim.*

Enoch's second journey: preliminary and final place of

punishment of fallen stars
2 21 And I came to an empty place. And I saw (there) neither a heaven above nor
3 #

3 an earth below, but a chaotic and terrible place. And there I saw seven stars of
b 0 #

4 heaven bound together in it, like great mountains, and burning with fire. *At that
d

moment I said, "For which sin are they bound, and for what reason were they cast
5 in here." 'Then one of the holy angels, Uriel, who was with me, guiding me, spoke e

to me and said to me, "Enoch, for what reason are you asking and for what reason
6 do you question and exhibit eagerness? • These are among the stars of heaven^ which
f

have transgressed the commandments of the Lord and are bound in this place until h

7 the completion of ten million years, (according) to the number of their sins." • I then 1

proceeded from that area to another place which is even more terrible and saw a
terrible thing: a great fire that was burning and flaming; the place* had a cleavage
(that extended) to the last sea, pouring out great pillars of fire; neither its extent nor
k

8 its magnitude could I see nor was I able to estimate. • At that moment, what a terrible
1

9 opening" is this place and a pain to look at!" «Then Ura'el, (one) of the holy angels
1

who was with me, responded and said to me,° "Enoch, why are you afraid like this?"?
10 (I answered and said),'' • "I am frightened because of this terrible place and the
spectacle of this painful thing. " And he said unto me, "This place is the prison house
r

of the angels; they are detained here forever."

1 22 Then 1 went to another place, and he showed me on the west side a great and
3

2 high mountain of* hard rock »and inside it four beautiful corners; it had [in it] a deep,
0

wide, and smooth (thing) which was rolling over; and it (the place) was deep and
d e

3 dark to look at. At that moment, Rufael, one of the holy angels, who was with me,
f #

responded to me; and he said to me, "These beautiful* corners (are here) in order that Mt 24:31
the spirits of the souls of the dead should assemble into them—they are created so
4 that the souls of the children of the people should gather here. They prepared these
h #

places in order to put them (i.e. the souls of the people) there until the day of their
1

5 judgment and the appointed time of the great judgment upon them." •! saw the spirits j

e. G: "set over the best part of mankind and o. Lit. "and responded to m e . "
chaos." p. B and C add here "and your affright."
f. G omits "mankind." q. Cf. EC, p. 55, n. 46.
g. G adds "Remiel, one of the holy angels,
a2
r. Lit. "this pain."
whom God set over those who rise"; G adds "the
al

names of the angels seven"; and G , "the names of

a2

the angels." 22 a. B C: "Thence."

b. Lit. " a n d . "
21 a. Lit. "where nothing is done." G: "a chaotic c. G has koiloi, " h o l l o w , " instead of kaloi,
place." B and C add "I saw there a terrible thing." "beautiful."
b. Lit. "an earth with a foundation." d. G omits " w i d e , " and adds "three of them
a

c. Lit. "which is not organized," "prepared," being dark and one bright, and there was a fountain
"orderly." C: "a place which has no order." B is of water in the middle of it."
unintelligible: "an orderly wilderness"(?). e. Or "slippery," or "a place which causes one
d. Lit. "on it." to slide, roll, or go off balance"—according to
e. G: "leading them." Ethiopian commentators. Charles suggests the Eth.
f. G: "eager for the truth." Cf. EC, p. 55, n. 2. to come from Gk. kukldmata, which is a corruption
g. B and C omit "heaven." of the Gk. koildmata, "hollow places."
h. Lit. "here." f. B, C, and G add "how smooth."
a

i. B C : "the number of the days of their sins." g. G : " h o l l o w ."

a

j . B: "the border." h. Eth. agrees with 4QEn against G, which omits

e

k. Lit. "causing to descend." "of the children of."

1. B and C repeat nasero, "seeing," before 'ayno, i. Cf. Charles: "these places were made." EC,
"estimating." p. 56, n. 3 1 . <>
m. Lit. "mouth." j . Or "the age [so A only] of the great judgment
n. B C (cf. G): "At that moment I said, 'How upon them." Cf. 4QEn , Milik, The Books of Enoch,
e

terrible is this place and (how) painful to look at!' " p. 229f. B and C add "till their appointed period."
 of the children of the people" who were dead, and their voices' were reaching unto
6 heaven until this very moment.™ *I asked Rufael, the angel who was with me, and
said to him, "This spirit, the voice of which is reaching (into heaven) like this and
7 is making suit, whose (spirit) is it?" And he answered me, saying," "This is the Gen4:io
#

spirit which had left Abel, whom Cain, his brother, had killed; it (continues to) sue
him until all of (Cain's) seed is exterminated from the face of the earth, and his seed
8 has disintegrated from among the seed of the people." «At that moment, I raised a
question regarding him° and regarding the judgment of all/ "For what reason is one
9 separated from the other?" »And he replied" and said to me, "These three have been
made in order that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And in the manner in
which the souls of the righteous are separated (by) this spring of water with light
r 5

10 upon it, in like manner, the sinners are set apart" when they die and are buried in
1 #

n the earth and judgment has not been executed upon them in their lifetime/ »upon this
great pain, until the great day of judgment—and to those who curse (there will be) w

plague and pain forever, and the retribution of their spirits. They will bind them there x

12 forever—even if from the beginning of the world.* «And in this manner is a separation
made for the souls of those who make the suit (and) those who disclose concerning
13 destruction, as they were killed in the days of the sinners. •Such has been made for 2

the souls of the people who are not righteous, but sinners and perfect criminals; they 32

shall be together with (other) criminals who are like them, (whose) souls will not b2

14 be killed on the day of judgment but will not rise from there." *At that moment I
blessed the Lord of Glory and I said, "Blessed be my Lord/ the Lord of
c2 d2 2

righteousness who rules forever. " f 2

The fire of the luminaries of heaven

1 23 And from there I (departed and) went to another place in the direction of the west
3

2 until the (extreme) ends of the earth. »And I saw a burning fire which was running
b

3 without rest; and it did not diminish its speed night and day. »And I asked, saying,
c d 6

4 "What is this (thing) which has no rest?" »At that moment, Raguel, one of the holy
angels, who was with me, answered me and said to me, "This (thing) which you saw
is the course (of the fire) and this/ the fire which is burning* in the direction of the
west, is the luminaries of heaven."

The seven mountains of the northwest and the tree of life

I 24 From there I went to another place of the earth, and he showed me a mountain

k. Charles corrects the Gk. to "a dead man." Cf. y. Charles considers "even . . . world" an Eth.
also 4QEn . 4QEn also adds t'dn, "there."
c e
intrusion.
1. Charles corrects the Gk. to "his voice. " z. G : "his division has been made for the spirits
a

m. So A. Eth. wa'eska we' tu gize may be a of those making suits . . . when they were slain in
corruption for waysaki, "was making suit," followed the days of the sinners."
by we' tu gize, "and at that moment," which we a2. Lit. "of perfect crime."
have in B and C. On the other hand, it may reflect b2. Lit. " a n d . "
upon words found in 4QEn , "crying out unceasingly
e
c2. B adds "of righteousness who rules forever,"
and making accusations." and omits the following.
n. B C: "And he answered me and said to me d2. A erroneously reads "be not blessed."
saying." e2. G : "are y o u . "
a

o. Or "regarding it." Hence regarding Cain or f2. G : "rules over the world."
a

what he saw earlier.

p. Charles suggests koildmatdn, * 'of hollow places,'' 23 a. 4QEn : "I was transported."
d

instead of krimaton, "of judgment." See EC, p. 58, b. 4QEn : "I was s h o w n . "
d

n. 19. c. Lit. "while it was not resting."

q. Lit. "replied to m e . " d. Lit. "decrease from its running." 4QEn : "nor
d

r. B C: "spirits." halting its running," and adds "at the same time
s. B C: "and such a division has been made." remaining constant."
G : "this division is made."
a
e. A adds "those like them." B and C add "but
t. G : "this bright spring of water."
a
(ran) regularly."
u. B C: "such has been created for sinners." In f. Flemming suggests zeni to be a corruption of
A we have tafaltu instead of tafatru. waey, "burning."
v. B and C add "their souls will be set apart." f. Charles considers this a corruption for: "which
w. G: "the accursed." is persecuting." Cf. EC, p. 60, n. 25.
x. B C : " H e . "
2 of fire which was flaming day and night. And I went in its direction and saw seven
#

dignified mountains—all different one from the other, of precious and beautiful a

stones, and all dignified and glorious in respect to their visualization and beautiful in
respect to their facade—three in the direction of the east, one founded on the other,
b c

and three in the direction of the north, one upon the other, with deep and crooked d e

3 ravines, each one (of which) is removed from the other. •The seven mountains were
f

(situated) in the midst of these (ravines) and (in respect to) their heights* all resembled
4 the seat of a throne (which is) surrounded by fragrant trees. And among them, there #

was one tree such as I have never at all smelled; there was not a single one among
those or other (trees) which is like it; among all the fragrances nothing could be so
fragrant; its leaves, its flowers, and its wood would never wither forever; its fruit is
5 beautiful and resembles the clustered fruits of a palm tree. At that moment I said,
h 1 #

"This is a beautifiil tree, beautiful to view, with leaves (so) handsome and blossoms'
j k

6 (so) magnificant in appearance." •Then Michael, one of the holy and revered"
m

angels—he is their chief—who was with me, responded to me.

1 25 And he said unto me, Enoch, "What is it that you are asking me concerning the
2 fragrance of this tree and you are so inquisitive about?" »At that moment, I
3 b

answered, saying, "I am desirous of knowing everything, but specially about this
0

3 thing. " »He answered, saying, "This tall mountain which you saw whose summit
d e

resembles the throne of God is (indeed) his throne, on which the Holy and Great
Lord of Glory, the Eternal King, will sit when he descends to visit the earth with
4 goodness. *And as for this fragrant tree, not a single human being has the authority
to touch it until the great judgment, when he shall take vengeance on all and conclude
5 (everything) forever. -This is for the righteous and the pious. And the elect will be
f

presented with its fruit for life. He will plant it in the direction of the northeast,
8 11

upon the holy place—in the direction of the house of the Lord, the Eternal King.
6 Then they shall be glad and rejoice in gladness, 1

and they shall enter into the holy (place);

its fragrance shall (penetrate) their bones,
long life will they live on earth,
j k

such as your fathers lived in their days." 1

7 At that moment, I blessed the God of Glory, the Eternal King, for he has prepared
such things for the righteous people, as he had created (them) and given it to them. " 1

Jerusalem and its surroundings

1 26 And from there I went into the center of the earth and saw a blessed place,
2 shaded with branches which live and bloom from a tree that was cut. *And there I
8

saw a holy mountain; underneath the mountain, in the direction of the east, there was

24 a. Lit. "and." e. Omitted by G.

b. G omits "three."
a
f. B C: "It shall be g i v e n . "
c. G omits " o n e . "
a
g. Charles considers this to be a corruption, com-
d. G omits " o n e . "
a
paring it to G, which reads "its fruit shall be food
e. Lit. " a n d ." for the elect," and Ezek 47:12, which he claims "the
f. Lit. "do not come near." writer had before h i m . " See EC, p. 6 3 , n. 15, and
g. G : "it excelled in height."
a
p. 6 2 , n. 4 9 .
h. G omits "is beautiful."
a
h. Charles considers mas'e, "northeast" (G: eis
i. E repeats "its fruit," omitted by G . a
borrari), a mistake for la'kel, "for food" (G: eis
j . G : "How beautiful . . . "
a
boran). See EC, p. 6 3 , n. 52.
k. G : "fragrant."
a
i. B C: "be glad in gladness and rejoice."
1. So A. A agrees with G against B and C, which
a
j . Lit. " M u c h . "
read "fruit." k. So B and C. A: "which they live. "
m. B and C add "very." A agrees with G. I. B and C a d d 'Sorrow, pain, torment, and plague
4

n. G omits "revered." shall not touch them."

m. Lit. "and he said, i gave it to them.' "
25 a. G adds " w h y . "
b. Lit. "you examine in order to know."
c. So A. B and C read "I want." 26 a. G: "in which there were trees." Cf. EC, p.
d. So A. B and C read "this tree." 64, nn. 21f. 4QEn : "in which were trees."
d
3 a stream which was flowing in the direction of the north. And I saw in a second
#

direction, (another) mountain" which was higher than (the former). Between them 0 d

was a deep and narrow valley. In the direction of the (latter) mountain ran a stream/
e

4 In the direction of the west from this one there was (yet) another mountain, smaller
than it and not so high/ with a valley under it, and between them besides, (another)
h 1

5 valley which is* deep and dry. (The valleys) were narrow," (formed) of hard rocks
k # 1 1

6 and no tree growing on them." And I marveled at the mountain(s)° and I marveled
#

at the valley(s): I marveled very deeply.

The accursed valley

1 27 At that moment, I said, "For what purpose does this blessed land, entirely filled
2 with trees, (have) in its midst this accursed valley?" •Then, Uriel, one of the holy
angels, who was with me / answered me and said to me, "This accursed valley is for Mt 5:29,30
those accursed forever; here will gather together all (those) accursed ones/ those who
speak with their mouth unbecoming words against the Lord and utter hard words
concerning his glory. Here shall they be gathered together, and here shall be their
3 judgment/ in the last days. • There will be upon them the spectacle of the righteous
judgment, in the presence of the righteous forever/ The merciful will bless the Lord
4 of Glory, the Eternal King, all the day/ • In the days of the judgment of (the accursed)/
the (merciful) shall bless him for the mercy which he had bestowed upon them."
8 h

5 At that moment, I blessed the Lord of Glory and gave him the praise that befits his
glory. 1

Journey to the east

1 28 And from there I went in the direction of the east into the center of the mountain
3

2 of the desert; and I saw a wilderness and it was solitary, full of trees and seeds. And c#

3 there was a stream on top of it, and it gushed forth from above it. *ll appeared like
a waterfall which cascaded greatly as if toward the direction of west of the northeast;
d 0

water and dew ascended from it all over.

1 29 Then I went into another place in the desert; and I approached the easterly
2 direction of this mountain. • And there I saw the tree of judgment (which has) the
smell of rubbish; its tree looked like that of frankincense and myrrh. 3

b. B and C read "toward the east a second f. Lit. "their judgment."

mountain." g. Lit. "they."
c. Lit. "than this." h. Lit. "according to how he has divided it to
d. So 4QEn . The Gk. reads autou instead of
d
them."
autdn. i. Lit. "I made a proclamation and a remembrance
e. Lit. "without breadth." that befits his glory." G: "set forth his glory and
f. Lit. "water." A adds erroneously litani, "to lauded him . . . "
me . . . " This may be a corruption from botuni; see
B and EC, p. 6 4 , n. 38. 28 a. G omits "in the direction of the east."
g. Lit. "having no height." b. G omits "of the mountain."
h. G : "deep and dry."
a
c. Lit. "and seeds from it" or "its seeds. " Charles
i. Lit. " a n d . " holds "seeds from it" to be a corruption and suggests
j . Lit. "which are." instead "plants" as the original. Cf. EC, p. 68, n.
k. B and C add "at the extremities of the three." 6.
1. B C: "All the valleys." d. Lit. " m u c h . "
m. B C: "deep and narrow." e. G: "Rushing like a copious watercourse toward
n. A erroneously: "and tree(s) will be planted on the northwest . . . "
them."
o. So also 4QEn . The Eth. means "mountain,"
d
29 a. This rendition of the Eth., following A closely,
"hill," "hard rock." G omits "mountain."
a
may be wrong. The text is awkward. Charles, fol-
lowing Beer and Praetorius, and partially in accord-
27 a. G omits the preceding words.
a
ance with G, has suggested the emendation of the
b. B and C omit "accursed o n e s . " text to read " . . . I saw aromatic trees exhaling the
c. G : "the place of their habitation."
a
fragrance of frankincense and myrrh, and the trees
d. G : "In the last times, in the days of the true
a
also were similar [B: "not similar"] to the almond
judgment, before the righteous forever." tree." Cf. EC, p. 68, nn. 2 7 - 2 9 , and p. 69, nn. 1 4 -
e. Text unclear. 18.
1 30 And beyond it—beyond those above the easterly mountains—it is not far. And 8

2 I saw a place which is a valley of water that is endless. *And I saw a beautiful tree 5 c

3 which resembles a tree whose fragrance is like that of mastic. And in the direction
d #

of the sides of those valleys, I saw a fragrant cinnamon tree. And over these, I
6

proceeded in the easterly direction.

1 31 And I saw other mountains with trees in them. There flowed from them (the
8

2 trees) something like nectar, called sarara and galbanum. • And over these mountains,
6

I saw (yet) another mountain and in it there were aloe trees , and the whole forest
0 d

3 was full of (trees) like sturdy almond trees. And when one picks* the fruit it gives
f #

the most pleasant odor. h

1 32 And after (experiencing) this fragrant odor, while looking toward the northeast
8

over the mountains, I saw seven mountains full of excellent nard, fragrant trees,
2 cinnamon trees, and pepper. 'From there I went over the summits of the mountains, b

far toward the east of the earth. 1 (then) passed over the Erythraean Sea and went far
0

3 from it, and passed over the head of angel Zutu'el. •And I came to the garden of
d e

righteousness and saw beyond those trees many (other)* large (ones) growing there —
f 11

their fragrance sweet, large ones, with much elegance, and glorious. And the tree of
4

4 wisdom, of which one eats' and knows great wisdom, (was among them). *It looked
like the colors' of the carob tree, its fruit like very beautiful grape clusters, and the
k

5 fragrance of this tree travels and reaches™ afar." And I said, "This tree is beautiful"
# 0

6 and its appearance beautiful" and pleasant!" Then the holy angel Raphael, who was
#

with me, responded to me and said/ "This very thing is the tree of wisdom from
which your old father and aged mother, they who are your precursors/ ate and came
to know wisdom; and (consequently) their eyes were opened and they realized that 1

they were naked and (so) they were expelled from the garden."

1 33 And from there I went to the extreme ends of the earth and saw there huge beasts,
each different from the other—and different birds (also) differing from one another
in appearance, beauty, and voice. And to the east of those beasts, I saw the ultimate
2 ends of the earth which rests on the heaven. *And the gates of heaven were open, and
3 I saw how the stars of heaven come out; and I counted the gates out of which they
#

exit and wrote down all their exits for each one: according to their numbers/ their

30 a. The Eth. seems corrupt. Cf. G: "Beyond c. B and C omit "of the earth." A agrees with
these, I went afar to the east." G.
b. G omits "that is endless." d. G omits "angel."
a

c. Lit. "trees." G: "there was a tree." e. B C: Zut'el.

d. G : "color."
a
f. In A lEn 32:3-34:2 (i.e. A, fols. 80v[b]-81r[a])
e. Lit.*"wings." were written by a different scribe.
g. B C: "many trees."
31 a. G: "tree groves." h. G omits "growing there," and adds "two
b. Meaning uncertain, perhaps "sarara" derives trees . . . "
from Heb. fri, a type of balsam. i. All MSS add "large o n e s . "
c. G adds "to the east of the ends of the earth."
a
j . Lit. "they eat."
d. Charles suggests that these aloe trees were k. G : "That tree is in height like the fir and its
a

eagle wood. G omits "in it there were aloe trees."

a
leaves are . . . "
e. Lit. "all those trees." 1. So A. G: to dendra, " l e a v e s . " Other Eth. MSS
f. Or "hard almond trees." Charles amends this do not make sense.
sentence to read "all the trees were full of stacte, m. B and C omit "reaches."
being like almond-trees." Cf. EC, p. 70, nn. 3 7 - n. Lit. "long w a y . "
39. o. A wrongly has wa'ey, "burning," instead of
g. Lit. "they pick." 'ebe, "I said."
h. Lit. "it pleases above all odors." Charles p. G: "How beautiful is the tree . . . "
amends this sentence to read " . . . when one burnt q. G omits "beautiful."
it, it smelt sweeter than any fragrant odor." Cf. EC, r. G omits "and said."
p. 7 1 , nn. 1 5 , 4 0 . s. Lit. "those who preceded y o u . "
t. Lit. "they k n e w . "
32 a. Lit. "after this." B C: "after these odors."
G omits this phrase.
a
33 a. So B and C. A could possibly be translated:
b. G adds " a l l . "
a
"according to their keepers."
 names, their ranks, their seats, their periods, their months, as Uriel, the holy angel
4 who was with me, showed me. »He showed me all things and wrote them down for
me —also in addition he wrote down their names, their laws, and their companies.
b c

Journey to the north

1 34 From there I went in the direction of the north, to the extreme ends of the earth,
and there at the extreme end of the whole world I saw a great and glorious seat. 3

2 There (also) I saw three open gates of heaven; when it blows cold, hail, frost, snow, b

dew, and rain, through each one of the (gates) the winds proceed in the northwesterly
3 direction. • Through one gate they blow good things; but when they blow with force
through the two (other) gates, they blow violence and sorrow upon the earth.

Journey to the west

1 35 And from there I went in the direction of the west to the extreme ends of the
earth, and saw there three open gates of heaven, (just) like the one that I saw in the
east in respect to the number of its exits. 3

Journey to the south

1 36 And from there I went in the direction of the south to the extreme ends of the
earth, and saw there three open gates of the heaven from where the south wind, dew, 3

2 rain, and wind come forth. •From there I went in the direction of the extreme ends
of the heaven and saw there open gates of heaven, with small gates above them, in
b

3 the direction of the east. • Through one of these small gates pass the stars of heaven
c

4 and travel westward on the path which is shown to them. »And when 1 saw (this) I
blessed—and I shall always bless—the Lord of Glory, who performed great and
d

blessed miracles in order that he may manifest his great deeds to his angels, the winds, c

and to the people so that they might praise the effect of all his creation*—so that they
f

might see the effect of his power and praise him in respect to the great work of his
h

hands and bless him forever.

Book II (37-71)
The Book of the Similitudes

Introduction
1 37 Book two: The vision which Enoch saw the second time—the vision of wisdom
3 b

which Enoch, son of Jared, son of Mahalalel, son of Kenan, son of Enosh/ son of
c d e

2 Seth, son of Adam, saw: •This is the beginning of the words of wisdom which I
commenced to propound, saying to those who dwell in the earth, "Listen, you first
8

b. So B and C. A wrongly reads "for him." e. B: "to the souls of m e n . " C: "to the souls and
to people."
c. Lit. "commandments." f. Lit. "the action."
34 a. B reads "miracle." C: "counsel," "device." g. B C: "his deeds and his creation."
b. So B and C. A reads " a s h , " "white dust." h. Lit. "the action."

35 a. B and C add "and gates." 37 a. This division, which is indicated in A by an

Eth. number, is missing in B and C, and other Eth.
36 a. Or "from there, the south." The word 'azeb MSS.
can mean "south," "southwest." Charles suggests b. Lit. " h e . "
"moisture" instead of the word "south." Cf. EC, c. Or Eth. Yared.
p. 75, n. 25. d. A: Malkel. B C: Malal'el.
b. B C: "in the direction of the east to the extreme e. Or Eth. Qaynan.
ends of the heaven." f. Eth. Henos, erroneously written Henok (Enoch)
c. So B. C emended by Charles reads "through in A.
each one . . . " A is defective. g. Lit. "I took u p . "
d. Lit. "all times."
 ones, and look, you last ones, the words of the Holy One, which I teach before the h

3 Lord of the Spirits. »It is good to declare these words to those of former times, but
4 one should not withhold the beginning of wisdom from those of latter days. •Until
1 j

now such wisdom, which I have received as I recited (it) in accordance with the will
of the Lord of the Spirits, had not been bestowed upon me before the face of the
5 Lord of the Spirits. From him, the lot of eternal life has been given to me. •Three
things were imparted to me"; and I began to recount them to those who dwell upon
k 1

the earth.

Coming judgment of the wicked

1 38 The first thing:
When the congregation of the righteous shall appear,
sinners shall be judged for their sins, 3

they shall be driven from the face of the earth,

2 and when the Righteous One shall appear before the face of the righteous,
those elect ones, their deeds are hung upon the Lord of the Spirits,
he shall reveal light to the righteous and the elect who dwell upon the
earth,
where will the dwelling of the sinners be,
and where the resting place of those who denied the name of the Lord 5

of the Spirits?
It would have been better for them not to have been born.
3 When the secrets of the Righteous One are revealed, c

he shall judge the sinners; d

and the wicked ones will be driven from the presence of the righteous
and the elect,
4 and from that time, those who possess the earth will neither be rulers
nor princes,
they shall not be able to behold the faces of the holy ones,
for the light of the Lord of the Spirits has shined e

upon the face of the holy, the righteous, and the elect.
5 At that moment, kings and rulers shall perish,
they shall be delivered into the hands of the righteous and holy ones,
6 and from thenceforth no one shall be able to induce the Lord of the
Spirits to show them mercy,
for their life is annihilated.
The home of the righteous
1 39 And it shall come to pass in those days that the children of the elect and the
holy ones [will descend] from the high heaven and their seed will become one with
2 the children of the people. •And in those days Enoch received the books of zeal and
wrath as well as the books of haste and whirlwind. The Lord of the Spirits says that
3

mercy shall not be upon them.

3 In those days, whirlwinds carried me off from the earth,
and set me down into the ultimate ends of the heavens.
4 There I saw other dwelling places of the holy ones and their resting
5 c

places too. d

h. Eth. 'a'mer, which is found in A , is generally b. B and C omit " n a m e . "

understood to mean "I know," "I understand," but c. B C: "secrets of the righteous."
among Ethiopian grammarians it is also used, in its d. B C: "sinners shall be judged."
correct grammatical form, to mean "I teach," "I e. Lit. "is s e e n . "
cause to understand." B and C read "I speak."
i. Lit. "prevent." 3 9 a. B C: "disturbance."
j . This sentence is an approximation of the Eth., b. C: "another vision."
which is unclear. c. B reads "with the angels" instead of "the holy
k. So Ethiopian commentators. ones."
1. Lit. "I took u p . " d. B adds "of the holy o n e s . " C adds "of the
38 a. A: "and their s i n s . " righteous o n e s . "
 5 So there my eyes saw their dwelling places with the holy angels, e

and their resting places with the holy ones/

and they interceded and petitioned and prayed on behalf of the children
of the people,
and righteousness flowed before them like water,
and mercy like dew upon the earth,
and thus it is in their midst forever and ever.
6 And in those days my eyes saw the Elect One of righteousness and of
8

faith,
and righteousness shall prevail in his days,
and the righteous and elect ones shall be without number before him
forever and ever.
7 And I saw a dwelling place underneath the wings of the Lord of the
h

Spirits;
and all the righteous and the elect before him shall be as intense' as the
light of fire.
Their mouth shall be full of blessing;
and their lips will praise the name of the Lord of the Spirits,
and righteousness before him will have no end;
and uprightness before him will not cease . j

8 There (underneath his wings) I wanted to dwell;

and my soul desired that dwelling place.
Already my portion is there;
k

for thus has it been reserved for me before the Lord of the Spirits.
1

9 In those days, I praised and prayed to the name of the Lord of the Spirits with
m

blessings and praises, for he had strengthened me by blessings and praises in

10 accordance with the will of the Lord of the Spirits. *And I gazed at that place" (under
his wings), and I blessed and praised, saying, "Blessed is he, and may he be blessed,
11 from the beginning and forever more. •There is no such thing as non-existence before 0

him. (Even) before the world was created, he knows what is forever and what will
12 be from generation to generation. •Those who do not slumber but stand before your
glory, did bless you. They shall bless, praise, and extol (you), saying, *Holy, Holy,
p

13 Holy, Lord of the Spirits; the spirits fill the earth.' " 1 «And at that place (under his
wings) my eyes saw others who stood before him sleepless (and) blessed (him),
r 8

14 saying, •"Blessed are you and blessed is the name of the Lord of the Spirits' forever
and ever." And my face was changed on account of the fact that I could not withstand
the sight."

The four angels

1 40 And after that, I saw a hundred thousand times a hundred thousand, ten million
times ten million, an innumerable and uncountable (multitude) who stand before the
3

2 glory of the Lord of the Spirits. •! saw them standing —on the four wings of the
b 6

Lord of the Spirits—and saw four other faces among those who do not slumber, and d

I came to know their names, which the angel who came with me revealed to me;
e f

e. C: "righteous angels." q. Because case endings are not indicated, the

f. B omits the last two lines. passage could also be translated "the earth is full of
g. C: "in that place." the spirits." B and C read "he will fill the earth with
h. B: "their dwelling place." C: "his dwelling spirits."
place." r. Lit. " w h o stand."
i. B C: "shall be beautiful." s. Lit. "they do not slumber."
j . Lit. "will have no e n d . " t. B C: "Lord."
k. Lit. "Before," "Previously," "Of o l d . " u. Lit. "on account of the fact that I hated to
1. Lit. "confirmed [made firm] . . . on my be- look."
half." 40 a. Lit. "they have no number and count."
m. B C: "I extolled." b. C omits "glory."
n. Lit. "my eyes kept looking," "my eyes lin- c. B C: "I saw them."
gered contemplating, seeing." The passage could d. B: "among those who stand." C: "four faces
also be translated: "I watched and watched." different from those who do not slumber."
o. Lit. "ending," "ceasing." e. Lit. "which names."
p. B C: "will bless." f. Lit. "made known."
3 and he (also) showed me all the hidden things. •(Then) I heard the voices of those
4 four faces while they were saying praises before the Lord of Glory. •The first voice
5 was blessing the name of the Lord of the Spirits. The second voice I heard blessing
#

6 the Elect One and the elect ones who are clinging onto the Lord of the Spirits. *And
the third voice I heard interceding and praying on behalf of those who dwell upon
7 the earth and supplicating in the name of the Lord of the Spirits. And the fourth #

voice I heard expelling the demons* and forbidding them from coming to the Lord
8 of the Spirits in order to accuse those who dwell upon the earth. »And after that, I
asked the angel of peace, who was going with me and showed me everything that
was hidden, Who are these four faces which I have seen and whose voices I have
44

9 heard and written down?" »And he said to me, The first one is the merciful and
44

forbearing Michael; the second one, who is set over all disease and every wound of
11

the children of the people, is Raphael; the third, who is set over all exercise of
strength, is Gabriel; and the fourth, who is set over all actions of repentance unto the
10 hope of those who would inherit eternal life, is Phanuel by name." *(So) these are
his four angels: they are of the Lord of the Spirits, and the four voices which I heard
1

in those days.

The Lord of the Spirits, and the four voices which I heard in those days.
1 41 And after that, I saw all the secrets in heaven, and how a kingdom breaks up,
2 and how the actions of the people are weighed in the balance. *And there I saw the
dwelling place of the sinners and the company of the holy ones; and my eyes saw
3 b

the sinners —those who deny the name of the Lord of the Spirits—being expelled
0

from there and being dragged off; and they could not stand still because of the plague
which proceeds forth from the Lord of the Spirits.
Cosmic secrets
3 And there my eyes saw the secrets of lightning and thunder, and the mysteries
of the winds, how they are distributed in order to blow upon the earth, and the secrets
of the clouds and the dew I saw there from where they proceed in that place and (how)
4 from there they satiate the dust of the earth. • At that place, I (also) saw sealed
storerooms from which the winds of the storerooms of hail and the winds of the
storerooms of mist are distributed; and these clouds hover over the earth from the
d

s beginning of the world. *And I saw the storerooms of the sun and the moon, from
what place they come out and to which place they return, and their glorious return—
how in their travel one festival is celebrated more than the other. They do not depart
from their orbit, neither increase nor decrease it; but they keep faith one with another:
f

6 in accordance with an oath they set and they rise. • From the first is the sun; and it
g h 1

executes its course in accordance with the commandment of the Lord of the Spirits—
7 his name shall persist forever and ever. • After that is found (both) the hidden and the
j

visible path of the moon; and the path of its orbit it completes by day and by night
at that place. And the two will gaze directly into the glory of the Lord of the Spirits.
k 1 m

They give thanks, they praise, and they do not economize (on energy), for their very
essence" generates new power. 0

8 Surely the many changes of the sun have (both) a blessing and a curse,
and the course of the moon's path is light to the
righteous (on the one hand) and darkness to the sinners (on the other),
g. Lit. "the Saytans." h. Lit. "come o u t . " B and C omit "they set and
h. Lit. "of distant wrath." they rise."
i. B and C omit " t h e y . " i. B C: "the sun goes out first."
j . C adds: "I s a w . "
41 a. B: "of the righteous." C: "of the elect." k. Lit. "the one with the other."
b. B C: "the dwelling place of the holy o n e s . " 1. Lit. "before."
c. B C: "all the sinners." m. C omits "the glory of the Lord." B omits "the
d. B C: "the storerooms of hail and winds and glory."
the storerooms of mist and clouds." n. Lit. k unatomu, w
"their being," "nature,"
e. B and Cread instead be*ul, "rich," "wealthy." "condition," "creation." Cf. also 43:2 for this
f. Lit. "their orbit." reading. B C: ak otetomu, w
"their thanksgiving."
g. Lit. "stay o v e r n i g h t ) . " o. Lit. "is rest to them."
 in the name of the Lord of the Spirits, who created the distinction p

between light and darkness

and separated the spirits of the people,
and strengthened the spirits of the righteous in the name of his right-
eousness.
9 Surely, neither an angel nor Satan has the power to hinder;
q

for there is a judge to all of them/

he will glance/ and all of them are before him,
he is the judge. 1

The abode of Wisdom and Iniquity

1 42 Wisdom could not find a place in which she could dwell;
but a place was found (for her) in the heavens.
2 Then Wisdom went out to dwell with the children of the people,
but she found no dwelling place.
(So) Wisdom returned to her place
and she settled permanently among the angels.
3

3 Then Iniquity went out of her rooms,

and found whom she did not expect.
And she dwelt with them,
like rain in a desert,
like dew on a thirsty land.

More secrets of the cosmos

1 43 And I saw other lightnings and the stars of heaven. And I saw how he called
2 them each by their (respective) names, and they obeyed him. And I saw the impartial
3 #

scales for the purpose of balancing their lights at their widest areas. And their natures
5 0

are as follows: Their revolutions produce lightning; and in number they are (as many d

3 as) the angels; they keep their faith each one according to their names. »And I asked e

the angel who was going with me and who had shown me the secret things, "What
4 are these things?" »And he said to me, "The Lord of the Spirits has shown you the
prototype of each one of them: These are the names of the holy ones who dwell upon
f

the earth and believe* in the name of the Lord of the Spirits forever and ever.''
h

1 44 And I saw another thing regarding lightning: how some stars arise and become
lightning and cannot dwell with the rest. 3

Lot of unbelievers: new heaven and new earth

1 45 This is the second parable concerning those who deny the name of the Lord of
the Spirits and the congregation of the holy ones/
3

2 Neither will they ascend into heaven/

nor will they reach the ground;
such will be the lot of the sinners,
who will deny the name of the Lord of the Spirits,
d

p. Lit. "the median." e. B C: "they keep their faith with each other."
q. B C: "no authority or power." f. Or "the significance." Lit. "the parable,"
r. B: "For he will see a judge for them." C: "For "example," "similitude."
he will appoint a judge for them." g. A wrongly: "do not believe."
s. Cf. n. r. h. So B and C. A omits "the name."
t. Lit. "He judges."
44 a. Lit. "dwell [hadira] with them." B: "leave
42 a. Lit. "became firm [settled]/' "established
[hadiga] with them." C: "leave their prototypes."
(herself)," "stayed put." B C: "she sat."

43 a. B and C add "all of them." 45 a. B C: "the name of the dwelling of the Lord."
b. Or "the balance of righteousness." b. B and C omit "the congregation of the holy
c. B C: "the day of their being [or "appear- ones."
ance"]." c. So B and C. A is corrupt.
d. Lit. "their revolutions." d. C: "have denied."
 those who in this manner will be preserved for the day of burden and
tribulation.
On that day, my Elect One shall sit on the seat of glory
and make a selection of their deeds,
6

their resting places will be without number, Jn

their souls shall be firm within them when they see my Elect One,
f g

those who have appealed to my glorious' name.

h

On that day, I shall cause my Elect One* to dwell among them,

I shall transform heaven and make it a blessing of light forever.
k

I shall (also) transform the earth and make it a blessing, 1

and cause my Elect One" to dwell in her.

1

Then those who have committed sin and crime shall not set foot in her.
For in peace I have looked (with favor) upon my righteous ones and given
them mercy,
and have caused them to dwell before me.
But sinners have come before me so that by judgment
I shall destroy them from before the face of the earth.
46 At that place, I saw the One to whom belongs the time before time. And his head 8

was white like wool, and there was with him another individual, whose face was like
that of a human being. His countenance was full of grace like that of one among the
b

holy angels. And I asked the one—from among the angels—who was going with me,
#

and who had revealed to me all the secrets regarding the One who was born of human
beings, "Who is this, and from whence is he who is going as the prototype of the
c

Before-Time? " «And he answered me and said to me, "This is the Son of Man, to
d e

whom belongs righteousness, and with whom righteousness dwells. And he will open f

all the hidden storerooms; for the Lord of the Spirits has chosen* him, and he is
destined to be victorious before the Lord of the Spirits in eternal uprightness. 'This h

Son of Man whom you* have seen is the One who would remove* the kings and the
mighty ones from their comfortable seats and the strong ones from their thrones. He
k

shall loosen the reins of the strong and crush the teeth of the sinners. • He shall depose"
1 1

the kings from their thrones and kingdoms. For they do not extol and glorify him,
and neither do they obey him, the source of their kingship. •The faces of the strong 0

will be slapped and be filled with shame and gloom. Their dwelling places and their
beds will be worms. They shall have no hope to rise from their beds, for they do not
p

extol the name of the Lord of the Spirits. • And they have become the judges of the q

e. Charles thinks that "he will make a selection" the addition of ment, "what"—which it omits.
is a corruption and suggests "he will try" instead. However, I have here translated the passage as it
See EC, p. 85, n. 2 1 . stands, with a minimum adjustment.
f. B: "their spirits." e. " M a n " in this context means "people" or
g. Text: " o n e s . " "human beings." Though this passage could be
h. So B and C. A reads laela, "over," " u p o n , " rendered "Son of human beings," to avoid unnec-
instead of la'ela. essary confusion, I have used "Son of Man," which
i. B adds "holy. " has become an accepted and standard expression
j . Text: " o n e s . " among scholars for a long time.
k. Lit. "her." f. So B and C. A: "it will be open."
1. Lit. "her." g. So B and C. A: "has dwelled."
m. Text: " o n e s . " h. So B and C. A: "above."
i. A: " I . "
46 a. Lit. "Head of days," "Chief of days," "he j . Lit. "lift them u p " or "unseat."
who precedes time," "the Beginning of days," "the k. Lit. "beds." Cf. "couches," "reclining chairs,"
First of days," "he who is of primordial days," "the "sofas."
Antecedent of time." 1. Lit. "fell. "
b. Lit. "whose face was like the appearance of a m. Lit. "push off."
person." n. So B and C.
c. Eth. zatawalda 'emsabe'. B and C read zeku o. Lit. "from where the kingdom was bestowed
walda sabe, "that Son of Man [or "human beings"]." upon them."
d. Following B and C, we should translate this p. B C: "Their dwelling places will be darkness,
passage: " . . . from where could he be, and for what and their beds will be worms."
reason does he go with him who precedes time?" A q. Lit. "those who j u d g e ." Also cf. EC, p. 87,
could also be adjusted to give the same reading with n. 24.
 stars of heaven; they raise their hands (to reach) the Most High while walking upon
r

the earth and dwelling in her. They manifest all their deeds in oppression; all their
deeds are oppression. Their power (depends) upon their wealth. And their devotion
5

is to the gods which they have fashioned with their own hands. But they deny the
8 name of the Lord of the Spirits. *Yet they like to congregate in his houses and (with)
the faithful ones who cling to the Lord of the Spirits. 1

Prayer of the righteous

1 47 "In those days, the prayers of the righteous ascended into heaven, and the blood
2 of the righteous from the earth before the Lord of the Spirits. •There shall be days 3

when all the holy ones who dwell in the heavens above shall dwell (together). And
b 0

with one voice, they shall supplicate and pray—glorifying, praising, and blessing the
name of the Lord of the Spirits—on behalf of the blood of the righteous ones which
has been shed. Their prayers shall not stop from exhaustion before the Lord of the
d

Spirits—neither will they relax forever—(until)'judgment is executed for them."

6

3 In those days, I saw him—the Antecedent of Time, while he was sitting upon the
throne of his glory, and the books of the living ones were open before him. And all
4 his power in heaven above and his escorts* stood before him. •The hearts of the holy
ones are filled with joy, because the number of the righteous has been offered, the
prayers of the righteous ones have been heard, and the blood of the righteous has been
admitted before the Lord of the Spirits.

The Son of Man: the Antecedent of Time: his judgment

1 48 Furthermore, in that place I saw the fountain of righteousness, which does not
become depleted and is surrounded completely by numerous fountains of wisdom. All odes soi
the thirsty ones drink (of the water) and become filled with wisdom. (Then) their 6:11

2 dwelling places become with the holy, righteous, and elect ones. »At that hour, that OdesSol
Son of Man was given a name, in the presence of the Lord of the Spirits, the Before-
3 b 36:3

3 Time; even before the creation of the sun and the moon, before the creation of the
c # d

4 stars, he was given a name in the presence of the Lord of the Spirits. • He will become
a staff for the righteous ones in order that they may lean on him and not fall. He is Lk 2:32
the light of the gentiles and he will become the hope of those who are sick in their
5 hearts. •All those who dwell upon the earth shall fall and worship before him; they
6 shall glorify, bless, and sing the name of the Lord of the Spirits. *For this purpose
e

he became the Chosen One; he was concealed in the presence of (the Lord of the
7 Spirits) prior to the creation of the world, and for eternity. *And he has revealed the
f

wisdom of the Lord of the Spirits to the righteous and the holy ones, for he has
preserved the portion of the righteous because they have hated and despised this world
of oppression (together with)* all its ways of life and its habits' in the name of the
h

Lord of the Spirits; and because they will be saved in his name and it is his good
8 pleasure that they have life. *In those days, the kings of the earth and the mighty
j

r. Lit. "into the Most High. " 4 8 a. A erroneously: " s o n s . "

s. So A and B. C omits "all their deeds are b. Lit. "named . . . by the name."
oppression." c. Lit. "before the beginning [or "head"] of
t. B and C read, possibly more correctly, "they days."
persecute the houses of his congregations and the d. Eth. ta'amer, "the wondrous thing"—but to
faithful who cling to the Lord of the Spirits." be understood in Ge'ez (Eth.) as "the moon" (cf.
2Chr 33:3; Jer 10:2; Jub 4:17).
47 a. B C: "In those d a y s . " e. B: "they shall glorify . . . to him, to the name."
b. B and C omit " a l l . " C omits "the name."
c. B and C, which read "unite," "be compan- f. Lit. "he concealed (him) in his (own) pres-
ions," "co-operate," may be more accurate. ence."
d. B and C add "of the righteous o n e s . " g. Lit. "and hated."
e. Lit. "there will not be patience to them." h. Lit. "its d e e d s ."
f. Lit. "in order that," " s o that," "to the end i. Lit. "its w a y s . "
that." j . C reads erroneously "In vain days."
g. Lit. "which surround h i m . "
 landowners" shall be humiliated' on account of the deeds of their hands. Therefore,
on the day of their misery" and weariness, they will not be able to save themselves.
1

9.-I shall deliver them into the hands of my elect ones like grass in the fire and like lead
in the water, so they shall burn before the face of the holy ones" and sink before their 0

10 sight, and no place will be found for them. • On the day of their weariness, there shall
p

be an obstacle on the earth and they shall fall on their faces; and they shall not rise
41

up (again), nor anyone (be found) who will take them with his hands and raise them
up. For they have denied the Lord of the Spirits and his Messiah. Blessed be the name
of the Lord of the Spirits!

Wisdom and power of the Elect One

1 49 So wisdom flows like water and glory is measureless before him forever and
8 b

2 ever. • For his might is in all the mysteries of righteousness/ and oppression will
vanish like a shadow having no foundation. The Elect One stands before the Lord
d c

3 of the Spirits; his glory is forever and ever and his power is unto all generations. In #

him dwells the spirit of wisdom, the spirit which gives thoughtfulness, the spirit of
knowledge and strength, and the spirit of those who have fallen asleep in righteousness.
4 He shall judge the secret things/ And no one will be able to utter vain words in his 8

presence. For he is the Elect One before the Lord of the Spirits according to his good
pleasure.

His mercy and his judgment

1 50 In those days, there will be a change for the holy and the righteous ones and the
light of days shall rest upon them; and glory and honor shall be given back to the holy
2 ones, on the day of weariness. He heaped evil upon the sinners; but the righteous
# 8

ones shall be victorious in the name of the Lord of the Spirits. He will cause the
3 others to see this so that they may repent and forsake the deeds of their hands. •There
shall not be honor unto them in the name of the Lord of the Spirits. But through his
name they shall be saved, and the Lord of the Spirits shall have mercy upon them,
4 for his mercy is considerable. He is righteous in his judgment and in the glory that
# b

is before him. Oppression cannot survive his judgment; and the unrepentant in his
c

5 presence shall perish. *The Lord of the Spirits has said that from henceforth he will
not have mercy on them.

Resurrection of the dead

1 51 In those days, Sheol will return all the deposits which she had received and hell 8

2 will give back all that which it owes. »And he shall choose the righteous and the holy
ones from among (the risen dead) / for the day when they shall be selected and saved 0 d

3 has arrived/ In those days, (the Elect One) shall sit on my throne, and from the
# f

k. Lit. "the strong ones by whom the land is things."

possessed." g. So B and C. A reads: bakama, " s o that," "in
1. Lit. "be humble in countenance." order that," "in accordance with," " a s , " instead of
m. A wrongly reads sedqomu, "their righteous- bak, "vain," "useless," "stale."
ness," instead of saqomu, "their misery."
n. B: "righteous o n e s . " 50 a. B C: "which has been heaped." Cf. EC, p.
o. Lit. "the holy o n e s . " 9 3 , n. 6.
p. Lit. "their face." C reads "Like grass in the b. A wrongly: "righteousness."
fire, so they shall burn before the face of the holy
ones; and like lead in the water, they shall sink before c. B C: "and before his glory."
the face of the righteous o n e s . " 51 a. B C: " . . . the earth will bring together all
q. B C: "a rest." her deposits and Sheol will bring together all her
deposits which she has received."
49 a. Lit. "because." b. Lit. "from among them."
b. B: "it is poured out." C: "poured out." c. B and C omit "they shall be selected."
c. B C: "For he is mighty in all the secrets of d. Lit. "they shall be saved and selected."
righteousness." e. Lit. "has approached." It is possible to translate
d. Lit. " p a s s . " the passage: "for the day when they shall be saved
e. Lit. "Because the Elect O n e . " has arrived, they shall be elected."
f. So B and C. A reads "that which has the secret f. So B and C. A omits "the Elect O n e . "
 conscience of his mouth shall come out all the secrets of wisdom, for the Lord of the
4 Spirits has given them to him and glorified him. • In those days, mountains shall dance
like rams; and the hills shall leap like kids satiated with milk. And the faces of all p 11*4
g
s

the angels in heaven shall glow with joy, because on that day the Elect One has arisen.
5 And the earth shall rejoice; and the righteous ones shall dwell upon her and the elect
ones shall walk upon her.

The metal mountains

1 52 After those days, in the same place where I had seen all the secret visions, having
been carried off in a wind vehicle and taken to the west, my eyes saw there all the
3

2 secret things of heaven and the future things. • There were (there) a mountain of iron,
b

a mountain of copper, a mountain of silver, a mountain of gold, a mountain of colored

3 metal, and a mountain of lead. • And I asked the angel who was going with me,
c

4 saying, "What are these things which I have seen in secret?" »And he said to me, 41

"All these things which you have seen happen by the authority of his Messiah so that
e

5 he may give orders and be praised upon the earth." 'Then this angel of peace
f

answered, saying to me, "Wait a little, and all secret things which encircle the Lord
6 of the Spirits will be revealed unto you. • As for these mountains which you have seen
with your own eyes*—the mountain of iron, the mountain of copper, the mountain
of silver, the mountain of gold, the mountain of colored metal, and the mountain of
lead—all of them, in the presence of the Elect One, will become like a honeycomb
(that melts) before fire, like water that gushes down from the top of such mountains,
h 1

7 and become helpless by his feet. *It shall happen in those days that no one shall be
1 k 1

8 saved either by gold or by silver; and no one shall be able to escape. • There shall be
no iron for war, nor shall anyone wear a breastplate. Neither bronze " nor tin" shall 1

be to any avail or be of any value; and there will be no need of lead whatsoever.
0

9 All these substances will be removed? and destroyed from the surface of the earth
when the Elect One shall appear before the face of the Lord of the Spirits."

The scene of judgment

1 53 My eyes saw there a deep valley with a wide mouth. And all those who dwell 3

upon the earth, the sea, and the islands shall bring to it gifts, presents, and tributes;
b

2 yet this deep valley shall not become full. 'They shall fulfill the criminal deeds of
their hands and eat all the produce of crime which the sinners toil for. Sinners shall
be destroyed from before the face of the Lord of the Spirits—they shall perish eternally,
3 standing before the face of his earth. *So I saw all the angels of plague co-operating
4 and preparing all the chains of Satan. »And I asked the angel of peace, who was
0

5 going with me, "For whom are they preparing these chains?" • And he answered me, 41

saying, "They are preparing' these for the kings and the potentates of this earth in
6

6 order that they may be destroyed thereby. 'After this, the Righteous* and Elect One

g. Or "Iambs." g. B: "which you s a w . " C: "which your eyes

have s e e n . "
52 a. Eth. mank ork or.
w w
So also Charles's q. h. Lit. "descends."
Charles's choice of the most common MSS reading, i. B and C read "from above it upon these
nak ork dra
w w
nafds, "wind balls" (translated as mountains."
"whirlwind" by him), instead of that of q, has misled j . Lit. "tired," " w e a k , " "powerless."
some scholars to think erroneously that the expression k. Lit. "before."
"chariot of wind" mentioned in Mani Codex is 1. Lit. "they."
missing from lEn, and that the Apocalypse of Enoch m. Or "brass."
to which the Codex refers is not the same work as n. Or "solder."
our lEn. (In EMML 2080 there is an Amharic o. Lit. "will not be counted."
marginal note translating mank ork or
w w
as saragald, p. Lit. "denied," "turned a w a y , " "abandoned."
a nonambiguous word meaning "chariot.") 53 a. C: "a valley with a wide and deep mouth."
b. Lit. "that which is to b e c o m e . " b. I.e. "to the valley."
c. Or "mixed metal," "purple metal." c. A erroneously: "victuals." So C.
d. Or "What are these secret things which I have d. C: "victuals."
seen?" e. B C: "and he said to m e . "
e. B C: " t o . " f. C omits "they are preparing."
f. Or "be given a gift." B C: "be powerful." g. A erroneously: "righteousness."
 will reveal the house of his congregation. From that time, they shall not be hindered
7 in the name of the Lord of the Spirits. »And these mountains' shall become (flat) like1

earth in the presence of his righteousness, and the hills shall become like a fountain
of water. And the righteous ones shall have rest from the oppression of sinners."

1 54 Then I looked and turned to another face of the earth and saw there a valley, deep
2 and burning with fire. • And they were bringing kings and potentates and were throwing
3 them into this deep valley. • And my eyes saw there their chains while they were
4 making them into iron fetters of immense" weight. »And I asked the angel of peace,
3

who was going with me, saying, "For whom are these imprisonment chains being 0

5 prepared?" • And he said unto me, "These are being prepared for the armies of
Azaz'el, in order that they may take them and cast them into the abyss of complete
condemnation, and as the Lord of the Spirits has commanded it, they shall cover their
6 jaws with rocky stones. 'Then Michael, Raphael, Gabriel, and Phanuel themselves
shall seize them on that great day of judgment and cast them into the furnace (of fire)
d

that is burning that day, so that the Lord of the Spirits may take vengeance on them
on account of their oppressive deeds which (they performed) as messengers of Satan,
leading astray those who dwell upon the earth."

The great judgment of the Flood 6

7 And in those days, the punishment of the Lord of the Spirits shall be carried out/
and they shall open all the storerooms of water* in the heavens above, in addition to h

8 the fountains of water which are on earth.' *And all the waters shall be united with
(all) other waters. That which is from the heavens above is masculine water/ (whereas)
J

9 that which is underneath the earth is feminine. • And they shall obliterate all those that
1

dwell upon the earth as well as those that dwell underneath the ultimate ends of
10 heaven. •On account of the fact that they did not recognize" their oppressive deeds 1

which they carried out on the earth, they shall be destroyed by (the Flood)."

1 55 And after that the Antecedent of Time repented and said, "In vain have I destroyed
2 all those who dwell in the earth." And he swore by his own great name that from
3 #

thenceforth he would not do (as he had done) to all who live upon the earth. (And
he said), "I shall put up a sign in the heavens, and it shall become a (symbol) of faith
between me and them forever, so long as heaven is above the earth, which is in
accordance with my command.

Final judgment of Azaz'el and the fallen angels

3 "When I would give consent so that they should be seized by the hands of the
angels on the day of tribulation and pain, already I would have caused my punishment
6

and my wrath to abide upon them —my punishment and my wrath," says the Lord
c d

4 of the Spirits. • "Kings, potentates, dwellers upon the earth: You would have to see
my Elect One, how he sits in the throne of glory and judges Azaz'el and all his
company, and his army, in the name of the Lord of the Spirits!"

h. B C: "not these mountains." i. Lit. "which are below." B C : "which are below
the heavens."
54 a. Lit. "imprisonment." j . B adds: "of the heavens above."
b. Lit. "immeasurable." k. B and C omit "water."
c. A actually reads "heads of chains." But I have 1. B and C add "water."
assumed that 'ar'esta, "heads of," was erroneously m. B: "And because of this they recognized"; C:
substituted for maaserta, which we also find in the "On account of the fact that they recognized." Cf.
preceding verse. B reads only "chains." C has 'esrat. EC, p. 99, n. 12.
Regarding the latter, see EC, p. 97, n. 4 4 , and p. n. Lit. "by it."
98, n. I.
d. So B and C. A omits "cast them." 55 a. B C: "wh o l i v e ."
e. This is believed to be part of the lost BkNoah. b. A wrongly: "my tribulation."
f. Lit. "come out." c. Lit. "before this, I will cause to abide upon
g. So B and C. A reads samdydt, "heavens," them . . . " This passage is probably corrupt.
instead of mdydt. d. This repetition is omitted by C.
h. Lit. " a b o v e ," "on top of," "beyond."
1 56 Then I saw there an army of the angels of punishment marching, holding nets 8 b

2 of iron and bronze. • And I asked the angel of peace, who was walking with me,
3 saying to him, ' T o whom are they going, these who are holding (the nets)?" »And c

he said to me, "(They are going) to their elect and beloved ones in order that they
4 may be cast into the crevices of the abyss of the valley. •Then the valley shall be
filled with their elect and beloved ones; and the epoch of their lives, the era of their
glory , and the age of their leading (others) astray shall come to an end and shall not
d

henceforth be reckoned.

The struggle of Israel with its enemies

5 "In those days, the angels will assemble and thrust themselves to the east at the
2

Parthians and Medes. They will shake up the kings (so that) a spirit of unrest shall
come upon them, and stir them up from their thrones; and they will break forth from
6 their beds like lions and like hungry hyenas among their own flocks. »And they will
go up and trample upon the land of my elect ones/ and the land of my« elect ones will
7 be before them like a threshing floor or a highway. • But the city of my righteous ones
will become an obstacle to their horses. And they shall begin to fight among
11

themselves; and (by) their own right hands they shall prevail against themselves. A 1

man shall not recognize his brother, nor a son his mother,; until there shall be a
(significant) number of corpses from among them/ Their punishment is (indeed) not
8 in vain. In those days, Sheol shall open her mouth, and they shall be swallowed up
#

into it and perish. (Thus) Sheol shall swallow up the sinners in the presence of the
1

elect ones."

1 57 And it happened afterward that I had another vision of a whole array of chariots
loaded with people; and they were advancing upon the air from the east and from
8 6

2 the west until midday. *And the sound of their chariots (was clamorous); and when 0

this commotion took place, the holy ones in heaven took notice of it and the pillars
of the earth were shaken from their foundations; and the sound (of the noise) could
41

be heard from the extreme end of the sky unto the extreme end of the earth in one c

3 hour/ •Then all shall fall down and worship the Lord of the Spirits. Here ends the
second parable. 8

The eternal light of the righteous and elect ones

I 58 And I began to speak another parable concerning the righteous and the elect:
3

\ Blessed are you, righteous and elect ones, for glorious is your portion. •The righteous
ones shall be in the light of the sun and the elect ones in the light of eternal life which
4 has no end, and the days of the life of the holy ones cannot be numbered/ • They shall
seek light and find righteousness with the Lord of the Spirits. Peace (be) to the
5 righteous ones in the peace of the Eternal Lord! -After this, it shall be told to the holy
c

ones in heaven that they should scrutinize the mysteries of righteousness, the gift of d

56 a. So B and C. A omits "holding." 57 a. B adds "upon them." C adds "inside them."

b. Or "traps." C reads "plagues and nets o f . . . " b. Lit. 'causing to come." B C : 'they are coming.''
4 4

c. C : T o whom are these who are holding plagues

4
c. B C: "was heard." Possibly A inadvertently
going?" omits "it was heard."
d. B and C omit "the era of their glory." d. Lit. "shaken from their seats."
e. Lit. "cast d o w n , " "throw." e. B: "from the extreme end of the earth unto the
f. B: "their elect o n e s . " C: "his elect o n e s . " extreme end of heaven." C: "from the extreme end
g. B C: " h i s . " of heaven to the extreme e n d . "
h. Or "stumbling block." f. B C: "in one d a y . "
i. Lit. "their own right hand shall prevail against g. L i t . and this is the end of the second parable.' *
4 4

them." Often in Eth. the singular form (as "hand"

here) stands for the plural sense in the context. 58 a. B C: "the third."
j . B and C add "and his father." b. Lit. "number(ing) of days they do not have,"
k. B C: "from their dying." i.e. "they have countless days."
1. C: "and their destruction shall be left" (?). c. B: "by that which is with the Eternal Lord."
C: "in the name of the Eternal Lord."
d. Lit. "the portion," "the lot," 'the part."
4
6 faith. For the sun has shined upon the earth and darkness is over. 'There shall be a e

light that has no end, and they shall not have to count days (anymore). For already* f

darkness has been destroyed, light shall be permanent before the Lord of the Spirits,
and the light of uprightness shall stand firm forever and ever before the Lord of the
Spirits.

The lightnings and the thunder

1 59 In those days, my eyes saw the mysteries of lightnings, and of lights, and their
judgments; they flash lights for a blessing or a curse, according to the will of the Lord
2 of the Spirits. «And there I (also) saw the secrets of the thunder and the secrets of
(how when) it resounds" in the heights of heaven its voice is heard (in) the earthly
b c

dwellings/ He showed me whether the sound of the thunder is for peace and blessing
3 or for a curse, according to the word of the Lord of the Spirits. 'After that, all the
mysteries of the lights and lightnings were shown to me (that) they glow with light
for blessing and for contentment. 6

Heavenly quake, the great monsters, and mysteries of nature 3

1 60 In the year five hundred, in the seventh month, on the fourteenth day of the month
in the life of Enoch;" in the same parable (I saw) that the heaven of heavens was
c

quaking and trembling with a mighty tremulous agitation, and the forces of the Most
High and the angels, ten thousand times a million and ten million times ten million,
2 were agitated with great agitation. 'And the Antecedent of Time was sitting on the
3 throne of his glory surrounded by the angels and the righteous ones. '(Then) a great
trembling and fear seized me and my loins and kidneys lost control. So I fell upon
d 6

4 my face. 'Then Michael sent another angel from among the holy ones and he raised
me up. And when he had raised me up, my spirit returned; for (I had fainted) because
I could not withstand the sight of these forces and (because) heaven has stirred up
f

5 and agitated itself. 'Then Michael said unto me, "What have you seen that has so
disturbed you? This day of mercy has lasted until today; and he has been merciful
8

6 and long-suffering" toward those that dwell upon the earth. • And when this day
arrives—and the power, the punishment, and the judgment, which the Lord of the
Spirits has prepared for those who do not worship the righteous judgment, for those
1

who deny the righteous judgment, and for those who take his name in vain—it» will
become a day of covenant for the elect and inquisition for the sinners."
k 1

7 On that day, two monsters'" will be parted—one° monster, a female named Levi-
n

8 athan, in order to dwell in the abyss of the ocean over the fountains of water; and #

(the other), a male called Behemoth, which holds his chest in an invisible desert whose
name is Dundayin,? east of the garden of Eden, wherein the elect and the righteous
ones dwell, wherein my grandfather was taken, the seventh from Adam, the first man
q

e. Lit. "has passed." fear seized m e . "

f. Lit. "to the numbering) of days they do not e. Lit. "were loosened." B C: "my loins were
come." frightened ["were punished," "were bent"] and my
g. Lit. "first." kidneys were loosened."
f. Lit. "for I could not have endurance [patience]
59 a. A: "the secrets of it is resounding," is gram- seeing this power."
matically difficult. B and C, "and when it resounds," g. B C: "his mercy."
may be more accurate. h. Lit. "of distant wrath."
b. Lit. "their." i. So C, possibly rightly. A omits the negation.
c. Text reads "and." Cf. EC, p. 104, n. 28.
d. The reading is difficult. Charles suggests 'judg-
4
j . Lit. "this d a y . "
ments" instead of "dwellings," which he considers k. B and C omit "it will become a day . . . " A
to be a corrupt reading of the Gk. Cf. EC, p. 103, adds, and B and C read "this day is prepared."
n. 23. 1. So B and C. A wrongly reads tdhta, "under,"
e. Lit. "satiation." "underneath," instead of batata.
m. Or "whales. " So B and C. A: "leopards."
60 a. This is believed to be part of the lost BkNoah. n. C: " w e r e . "
b. Some think that Enoch is a later substitute for o. B and C omit " o n e . "
Noah. Cf. EC, p. 103, n. 39. p. B: Dundayen. C: Dunudayen. Cf. "land of
c. So B and C. A omits "I s a w . " N o d , " Gen 4:16. See also JE, vol. 8, p. 39.
d. B C: "a great trembling took hold of me and q. A omits " d w e l l . "
 9 whom the Lord of the Spirits created/ •Then I asked the second angel in order that
he may show me (how) strong these monsters are, how they were separated on this
5

day and were cast, the one into the abysses of the ocean, and the other into the dry
1

10 desert. And he said to me, "You, son of man, according (to the degree) to which
#

it will be permitted, you will know the hidden things.' ,u

11 Then the other angel who was going with me was showing me the hidden things:
what is first and last in heaven, above it, beneath the earth, in the depth, in the extreme
12 ends of heaven, the extent of heaven; the storerooms of the winds, how the winds
v # w

are divided, how they are weighed, how the winds divide* and dissipate/ the openings 2

of the winds, each according to the strength of its wind; the power of the light of the
moon and how it is the right amount, the divisions of the stars, each according to
32

13 its nomenclature, and all the subdivisions; • the thunders according to the places where
they fall, and the subdivisions of the lightnings according to their flashing of light
52

14 and the velocity of the obedience of the whole array of them. *So the thunders have
their (respective) moments of rest with patience; and (each thunder) is marked by c2

its (respective) sound. Neither the thunder nor the lightning becomes disjoined one
is from the other; both go together in a single breeze and do not part. »For when the
lightning flashes light, the thunder utters its sound; also, at that moment, the wind
d2 e2

causes (the thunder) to come to rest and divides equally (the time) between each one
of them. For the reservoir of their moments (of thunderings) is like the sand, (so) each
one of them is restrained with a bridle and turned back by the power of the wind and
12

16 driven in this manner all over the numerous corners of the earth.* • Now, the sea 2

breeze is masculine and strong and according to the power of its strength it holds back
(the air) and, in this manner, is driven and dispersed among all the mountains of the
n world. •The frost-wind is its own guardian" and the hail-wind is a kind messenger.
2 12

18 The snow-wind has evacuated (its reservoir); it does not exists because of its strength;
there is in it only a breeze that ascends from (the reservoir) like smoke, and its name
19 is frost. And the wind and the mist do not dwell together with them in their reservoirs.
#

But (the mist) has its own reservoir, for its course is glorious. It has light and k2

darkness both in the rainy season and the dry season; and its reservoir is itself an
20 angel. The dwelling place of the dew-breeze is in the extreme ends of heaven and
#

is linked together with the reservoirs of the rain in (both) its courses of the rainy
season and the dry season; also the clouds of (the dew) and the clouds of the mist are
21 associated feeding each other mutually. •When the rain-wind becomes activated
12 m2

in its reservoir, the angels come and open the reservoir and let it out; and when it is
sprayed over the whole earth, it becomes united with the water which is upon the
22 earth; and whensoever it unites with (other waters, it unites) with the water upon the
#

earth which is for the use of those who dwell on the earth, for it is nourishment for
the earth (sent) from the Most High in heaven. So in this manner there is a measuring
23 system for the rain given to the angels. •All these things I saw as far as the garden
24 of the righteous ones. -And the angel of peace who was with me said to me, "These

r. So B and C. A reads: "wherein man was a2. Lit. "the right [just] power."
returned [changed], I shall bring ['ab'e, possibly a b2. So B and C. A reads wrongly bamesrdq, "in
corruption for sab'e, "seventh"], from Adam before the east," instead of bamabraq.
[qedme-, possibly a corruption for qadami-, "the c2. Lit. " g i v e n . "
first"] the people which the Lord of the Spirits d2. So B and C. A reads wrongly yesarq, "it will
created." This difficult reading seems to contain rise," instead of yebarq.
errors. e2. Lit. " g i v e s . "
s. Lit. "the power of these monsters." f2. Lit. "caught," " h e l d . "
t. B C: "in one day." g2. Lit. "in accordance with the multiplicity of
u. Lit. "that which is hidden." B C: "by here the districts of the earth."
you want, you will know that which is hidden." h2. Lit. "its own angel."
v. B C: "the foundations of heaven." i2. Or "angel."
w. So B and C. A: "of the Lord." j2. B and C omit "it does not exist."
x. B and C omit "how the winds divide." k2. B and C omit "It h a s . "
y. Lit. "they are finished." B: "how the fountains 12. Lit. "one gives to the other."
are counted." C: "how the portals are counted." m2. So B and C. A: "the rain-soul."
z. C: "the portals."
 two monsters are prepared for the great day of the Lord (when) they shall turn into
2

25 food. • So that the punishment of the Lord of the Spirits should come down upon them
02
2Bar 29:4;
in order that the punishment of the Lord of the Spirits should not be issued in vain 6*9^52
but slay the children with their mothers, and the children with their fathers, when the
punishment of the Lord of the Spirits comes down upon everyone. After that there p2

shall be the judgment according to his mercy and his patience."

The measurement of the garden of Eden and the judgment and praise
of the Elect One
1 61 I saw in those days that long ropes were given to those angels; and hoisting up
their own (respective) portions (of the ropes), they soared going in the direction of
3 b

2 the northeast. »And I asked the angel, saying unto him, "Why have those (angels)
hoisted these ropes and gone off?" And he said unto me, "They have gone in order
3 to make measurements." *The angel who was going with me also said unto me,
"These (angels) are the ones who shall bring the measuring ropes of the righteous
ones as well as their binding cords in order that they might lean upon the name of the
c

Lord of the Spirits forever and ever. Then the elect ones shall begin to walk with the d

4 elect ones. • These are the measurements which shall be given to faith and which shall
5 strengthen righteousness. And these measurements shall reveal all the secrets of the
#

depths of the earth, those who have been destroyed in the desert, those who have been
devoured by the wild beasts,* and those who have been eaten by the fish of the sea.
So that they all return and find hope in* the day of the Elect One. For there is no one
f

6 who perishes before the Lord of the Spirits, and no one who should perish. And h #

those who are in heaven above and ail the powers received a command—one voice
7 and one light like fire. And him, the First Word,' they shall bless, extol, and glorify H e b 5 : i 2
#

with wisdom. They shall be wise in utterance in the spirit of life and in the Lord of
8 the Spirits. He placed the Elect One on the throne of glory; and he shall judge all
#

the works of the holy ones in heaven above, weighing in the balance their deeds.
9 And when he shall lift up his countenance in order to judge the secret ways of theirs,
by the word of the name of the Lord of the Spirits, and their conduct, by the method
1

of the righteous judgment of the Lord of the Spirits, then they shall all speak with one
voice, blessing, glorifying, extolling, sanctifying the name of the Lord of the Spirits.
10 And he will summon all the forces of the heavens, and all the holy ones above, and
the forces of the Lord—the cherubim, seraphim, ophanim, all the angels of governance,
11 the Elect One, and the other forces on earth (and) over the water. On that day, they #

shall lift up in one voice, blessing, glorifying, and extolling in the spirit of faith, in
the spirit of wisdom and patience, in the spirit of mercy, in the spirit of justice and
peace, and in the spirit of generosity. They shall all say in one voice, 'Blessed (is he)
12 and may the name of the Lord of the Spirits be blessed forever and evermore.' • All
the vigilant ones in heaven above shall bless him; all the holy ones who are in heaven
k

shall bless him; all the elect ones who dwell in the garden of life (shall bless him);
every spirit of light that is capable of blessing, glorifying, extolling, and sanctifying
1

your blessed name (shall bless him); and all flesh shall glorify and bless your name

n2. B and C read laela 'ebay, "upon the great- g. Lit. "lean upon, rely upon, depend on, support
ness," instead of Icfelat 'abdy. oneself b y . "
o2. Or "they shall be eaten," "be food," or h. Lit. "who is being destroyed."
"become food." i. Or "the First Oracle." According to A, these
p2. So A. Because of the problem of dittography, are preferable renditions. However, the passage could
this passage is repeated and made senseless in both possibly also be translated "with the first word,"
B and C, and all other MSS used by Charles. "with the first oracle," or simply "the fundamental
(first) principles of the oracle" or "the elementary
61 a. B and C read " w i n g s . " principles of the oracle." Cf. Heb 5:12.
b. Or "hovered," "flew." Cf. kanifa, "to fly." j . So B and C. A: "and the word."
c. Lit. "the binding cords of the righteous k. Lit. "All those who do not sleep."
ones . . . for the righteous o n e s . " 1. So B and C. A has zatakala barakat, gram-
d. B C: "to dwell." matically an impossible structure that can be adjusted
e. So B and C. A reads mazdgebt, "storerooms," to mean either "of the plant of blessing" or "that
"reservoirs," instead of 'ardwit. planted a blessing."
f. B and C omit " a l l . "
13 with an exceedingly limitless power" forever and ever. 'For the mercy of the Lord
of the Spirits is great in quantity, and he is long-suffering. All his works and all the
dimensions of his creation, he has revealed to the righteous and the elect ones in the
name of the Lord of the Spirits."

Condemnation of the ruling class and blessedness of the righteous ones

1 62 Thus the Lord commanded the kings, the governors, the high officials, and the 8

landlords and said, "Open your eyes and lift up your eyebrows—if you are able to
b

2 recognize the Elect One!" The Lord of the Spirits has sat down on the throne of his
# c

glory, and the spirit of righteousness has been poured out upon him. The word of his
mouth will do the sinners in; and all the oppressors shall be eliminated* from before
d

3 his face. »On the day of judgment/ all the kings, the governors, the high officials,
and the landlords shall see and recognize him—how he sits on the throne of his glory,
and righteousness is judged before him, and that no nonsensical talk shall be uttered
4 in his presence. 'Then pain shall come upon them as on a woman in travail with birth
pangs*—when she is giving birth (the child) enters the mouth of the womb and she
5 suffers from childbearing. »One half portion of them shall glance at the other half;
h

they shall be terrified and dejected; and pain shall seize them when they see that Son
1

6 of Man sitting on the throne of his glory. • (These) kings, governors, and all the
landlords shall (try to) bless, glorify, extol him who rules over everything, him who
7 has been concealed. »For the Son of Man* was concealed from the beginning, and the
Most High One preserved him in the presence of his power; then he revealed him to
8 the holy and the elect ones/ The congregation of the holy ones shall be planted,"
# 1 1

9 and all the elect ones shall stand before him. • On that day, all the kings, the governors,
the high officials, and those who rule the earth shall fall down before him on their
faces, and worship and raise their hopes in that Son of Man; they shall beg and plead
10 for mercy at his feet." • But the Lord of the Spirits himself will cause them to be
frantic, so that they shall rush and depart from his presence. Their faces shall be filled
11 with shame, and their countenances shall be crowned with darkness. »So he will
deliver them to the angels for punishments in order that vengeance shall be executed
0

12 on them—oppressors of his children and his elect ones. It shall become quite a scene
#

for myp righteous and elect ones. They shall rejoice over (the kings, the governors,
the high officials, and the landlords) because the wrath of the Lord of the Spirits shall

m. Lit. "with that which exceeds power." ticularistic aspect of man. It (the former expression)
literally means "offspring of the mother of the
62 a. Lit. "the exalted o n e s . " living." The first person to be described as "the
b. Or "landowners," "administrators [governors] mother of the living" in the Bible is Eve (cf. Gen
of the land." Lit. "those who hold ["possess," 3:20), so Eth. grammarians sometimes interpret the
"seize"] the land [the earth]." B and C, yahadrwd expression as "offspring of E v e . " (This expression
lameder, could be adjusted to mean "wh o dwell on should not be confused with 'eg^ula-maheyyaw,
the land." which, though having the same meaning ["man"]
c. Dillmann prefers wa'anbro, "and he has seated and more likely the same etymological origin, has
him," instead of wanabara, "and he has sat d o w n , " come to be regarded by Eth. grammarians as of
which is found in all the known MSS. different etymology: "the offspring of the one whom
d. B C: "all the sinners." the Living One has brought forth from the earth" or
e. Or "destroyed." "offspring of the Living One and the earth," or
f. Lit. "On that day. " simply "the Son of G o d , " i.e. man as God's
g. Lit. "she suffers in childbearing." offspring.) If one were to be literal, one would
h. Lit. "One half of them." translate the two Eth. expressions found in lEn
i. Lit. "they shall cast down their faces." respectively as "Son of the Offspring of the Mother
j . Here the Eth. expression walda eg ula- 'emma-
< w
of the Living" (or "Son of Eve's Offspring," "Son
heyyaw (sic) is used instead of walda sab'e, which of Man") and "Son of People."
we have seen above. Though both expressions, k. B and C omit "to the holy o n e s . "
*eg ula- 'emma heyyaw and sab'e, designate " m a n , "
w
1. B and C add "and of the elect o n e s . "
"a human being," "a living person," "a mortal m. Lit. " s o w n . "
being," the latter term has a collective ("people"), n. Lit. "at h i m . "
more abstract ("humanity"), and more universalistic o. Lit. "he turned them," "he returned them,"
("man") connotation, whereas the former expression "he changed them."
emphasizes the individualistic, naturalistic, and pa- p. B C: " h i s . "
 13 rest upon them and his sword (shall obtain) from them a sacrifice/ «The righteous
0

and elect ones shall be saved on that day; and from thenceforth they shall never see
14 the faces of the sinners and the oppressors. •The Lord of the Spirits will abide over
15 them; they shall eat and rest and rise with that Son of Man forever and ever. •The
righteous and elect ones shall rise from the earth and shall cease being of downcast
16 face. They shall wear the garments of glory. 'These garments of yours shall become
the garments of life from the Lord of the Spirits. Neither shall your garments wear
out, nor your glory come to an end before the Lord of the Spirits.

The hopeless end of the kings, rulers, and landlords

1 63 In those days, the governors and the kings who possess the land shall plead that 8

he may give them a little breathing spell from the angels of his punishment to whom
they have been delivered; so that they shall fall and worship before the Lord of the
6

2 Spirits, and confess their sins before him. •They shall bless and glorify the Lord of
the Spirits and say, "Blessed is the Lord of the Spirits—the Lord of kings, the Lord
of rulers, and the Master of the rich—the Lord of glory and the Lord of wisdom.
3 Your power exposes* every secret thing from generation to generation and your glory
is forever and ever. Deep are all your mysteries—and numberless; and your right-
4 eousness is beyond accounting. »Now we have come to know that we should glorify
5 and bless the Lord of kings—him who rules over all kings." •Moreover, they shall
say, "Would that someone had given us a chance so that we should glorify, praise,
6 and have faith before his glory! •This time, however, we are begging for a little rest
but find it not; we pursue (it), but procure it not. Light has vanished from before us
7 and darkness has become our habitation forever and ever; • because we have formerly
0 6

neither had faith nor glorified the name of the Lord of the Spirits and kings/ nor
glorified the Lord in all his creation.* We had put our hopes upon the scepters of our
8 empires/ (Now) on the day of our hardship and our tribulation he is not saving us;
#

and we have no chance to become believers.' For our Lord is faithful in all his works,
his judgments, and his righteousness; and his judgments have no respect of persons.
9 (So) we will vanish away from before his face on account of our deeds; and all our
10 sins are consumed by righteousness." •Furthermore, at that time, you shall say/
j

"Our souls are satiated with exploitation money which" could not save us from being
1 1 n

11 cast into the oppressive Sheol. " p • After that, their faces shall be filled with shame
0 0

before that Son of Man; and from before his face they shall be driven out. And the
12 sword shall abide in their midst, before his face. Thus says the Lord of the Spirits,
#

"This is the ordinance and the judgment, before the Lord of the Spirits, (prepared)
for the governors, kings, high officials, and landlords."

The fallen angels

1,2 64 Then I saw in that place other mysterious faces. And I heard the voice of an
#

angel saying, "These are the angels who descended upon the earth and revealed what
8

was hidden to the children of the people, and led the children of the people astray
b

to commit sin."
q. B: "the sword of the Lord of the Spirits." C: f. B: "in the name of the Lord of kings."
"the sword." A is unintelligible but the reading is g. So B. A and C omit "in all his creation."
close to B and C. h. Lit. "our kingdoms." B and C add "and our
r. Lit. "a memorial feast." B: "shall be drunk glory."
from them." C (as emended by Charles): "shall be i. Lit. "to believe."
drunk with their blood." If this passage is related to j . Lit. "finished."
Isa 34:6, then the reading of "sacrifice" is close to k. B C: "they shall s a y . "
it. I. Or "oppression."
s. Lit. "they wore." m. Lit. " a n d ."
n. Lit. "prevent."
63 a. Or "the kings (and) the landowners." o. Lit. "weighty," "burdensome," "grave."
b. So B and C. A: "by which they were idola- p. B: "flames of the burden of Sheol." C: "the
trous," or "through which they became idolatrous." heart of the burden of Sheol."
Perhaps A's reading is original. q. B and C add "and with darkness."
c. Lit. "it lights."
d. B: "our deeds." 64 a. So B and C. A: "will descend."
e. So A. B C: "before him. " b. So B and C. A: "what was hidden is revealed."
 Enoch's predictions concerning the Deluge and himself
1 65 In those days, Noah saw the earth, that she had become deformed, and that her
2 destruction was at hand. »And (Noah) took off from there and went unto the extreme
3

ends of the earth. And he cried out to his grandfather, Enoch, and said to him, three 0

3 times, with a bitter voice, "Hear me! Hear me! Hear me!" And I said unto him, #

"Tell me what this thing is which is being done upon the earth, for the earth is
struggling* in this manner and is being shaken; perhaps I will perish with her in the
4 impact." At that moment, there took place a tremendous turbulence upon the earth;
0 #

5 and a voice from heaven was heard, and I fell upon my face. •Then Enoch, my
grandfather, came and stood by me, saying to me, "Why did you cry out so sorrowfully*
and with bitter tears?
6 "An order has been issued from the court of the Lord against those who dwell
f

upon the earth, that their doom* has arrived because they have acquired the knowledge
of all the secrets of the angels, all the oppressive deeds of the Satans, as well as all
their most occult powers, all the powers of those who practice sorcery, all the powers
of (those who mix) many colors/ all the powers' of those who make molten images; J

7 how silver is produced from the dust of the earth, and how bronze is made upon the k

8 earth— for lead and tin are produced from the earth like silver" —their source is a
# 1 1

9 fountain inside (which) stands an angel, and he is a running angel."" • After that, my
grandfather, Enoch, took hold of me by my hand and raised me up and said to me,
"Go, for I have asked the Lord of the Spirits regarding this turbulence (which is
0

10 taking place) on the earth." He (continued to) say to me, "Because their oppression
#

has been carried out (on the earth), their judgment will be limitless" before me. On
account of the abstract things which they have investigated and experienced, the earth
0

n shall perish (together with) those who dwell upon her. »And those (who taught them
these things) will have no haven forever, because they have revealed to them the
r

things which are secret—to the condemned ones; but, as for you, my son, the Lord
s

of the Spirits knows that you are pure and kindhearted; you detest the secret things.'
12 He has preserved your name for" the holy ones; he will protect you from those who
dwell upon the earth; he has preserved your righteous seed for kingship and great
glory; and from your seed will emerge a fountain of the righteous and holy ones
without number forever."

Angels in charge of the Flood

i 66 After this he showed me the angels of punishment who are prepared to come and
3

release all the powers of the waters which are underground to become judgment and

65 a. Lit. "And he lifted his feet from there." Heb. lo-yehdSeb, is a corruption of lo-yehdsek, "will
b. Lit. "and Noah said." not be restrained [withheld]." See EC, p. 118, n. 24.
c. So B and C. A: "glowing." q. Or " g o l d . " Perhaps this is an allusion to 8:1.
d. Or "pushing," "shoving," B and C, instead A has 'awrdq, which I have translated as "abstract
of baddbef, read badehera, "after . . . " which could things." This expression, whose singular form I
be placed before the succeeding phrase, "this mo- assume to be warq, " g o l d " (see wariq, "to spit,"
ment." "to be fine like a leaf," "to be slender," or "to be
e. B and C add "unto m e . " abstract"; cf. raqiq), is not attested in known Eth.
f. Lit. "from the presence." literature. B and C have 'awrdlj, "months," "moons."
g. Lit. " e n d . " Charles, following Halevy, suggests this expression,
h. Eth. hebrdt, "(those who mix) many colors" which corresponds to the Heb. fy'ddSim, to be a
or "(those who make) d y e s , " makes sense in the corruption for harashim, * sorceries.''
4

context, whereas hebrdt, "provinces," "regions," r. Lit. "a place to go [or "turn"! t o , " "a refuge,"
"areas," "parts," found in A B C does not seem to "resort." Charles, following Halevy, and assuming
do so. that megbae means "return," suggested that this
i. A: "and all of them." B C: "and the powers." expression is a translation of the Heb. teshubah,
j . Lit. "idols. " meaning "repentance," "return." Cf. EC, p. 118,
k. Lit. "mixed metals." n. 29.
1. B C: "are not produced." s. B C: " a n d ."
m. Lit. "like the first." t. B C: "you are free from the blame."
n. Lit. "and this angel runs." u. B C: " a m o n g ."
o. Or "you have asked him."
p. Lit. "they will not be counted." Charles sug- 66 a. So B and C. A: "the angels showed me the
gests that 'iyetljolaq u,
H
which he equates with the punishment."
2 destruction unto all who live and dwell upon the earth. »But the Lord of the Spirits
gave an order to the angels who were on duty that they should not raise the (water)
b

enclosures* but guard (them)—for they were the angels who were in charge of the
waters. Then I left from the presence of Enoch.
0 5

God's promise to Noah: punishment of the angels and kings

1 67 In those days, the word of God came unto me, and said unto me, "Noah, your
2 lot has come up before me—a lot without blame, a lot of true love. At this time the 3#

angels are working with wood (making an ark) and when it is completed, I shall 0

place my hands upon it* and protect it, and the seed of life shall arise from it; and
d

a substitute* (generation) will come so that the earth will not remain empty (without
3 inhabitants). •! shall strengthen your seed before me forever and ever as well as the
seeds of those who dwell with you; I shall not put it to trial on the face of the earth;
f

but it shall be blessed and multiply on the earth in the name of the Lord."
4 And they shall imprisons those angels who revealed oppression in that burning
valley which my grandfather Enoch had formerly shown me in the West among the
5 mountains of gold, silver, iron, bronze, and tin. »I also saw that valley in which there
6 took place a great turbulence and the stirring of the waters. »Now, when all this took
place, there was produced from that bronze and fire a smell of sulfur (which) blended
7 with those waters. •This valley of the perversive angels shall (continue to) burn
punitively underneath that ground; in respect to its troughs, they shall be filled with*
h 1

rivers of water by which those angels who perverted those who dwell upon the earth
shall be punished/
8 Those waters shall become in those days a poisonous drug' of the body and a
punishment of the spirit unto the kings, rulers, and exalted ones, and those who
01

dwell on the earth; lust shall fill their souls" so that their bodies shall be punished, for
they have denied the Lord of the Spirits; they shall see their own punishment every
9 day but cannot believe in his name. »In proportion to the great degree of the burning
of their bodies will be the transmutation of their spirits forever and ever and ever, 0

for there is none that can speak a nonsensical word before the Lord of the Spirits.
10 So the judgment shall come upon them, because they believe in the debauchery of
n their bodies and deny the spirit of the Lord. »And these waters will undergo change
in those days; for (on the one hand) when those angels are being punished by these
waters, the temperatures of those fountains of water will be altered (and become hot),
but (on the other hand) when the angels get out," those waters of the fountains shall
12 be transformed and become cold. - Then I heard Michael responding and saying,
0

"This verdict by which the angels are being punished is itself a testimony to the kings
13 and the rulers who control the world." »For these waters of judgment are poison to
the bodies of the angels as well as sensational to their flesh; (hence) they will neither
r

see nor believe that these waters become transformed and become a fire that burns
forever.

b. Lit. "wh o were going out." translator(s), or the copyists of A and C, were
c. A reads 'aweda, which I have taken as 'aweda, attempting a play on words: The good angels were
since the former expression is nonexistent. B and C working " w o o d , " 'e^awa (67:2), while they will
read "do not raise the hands." "make w o o d , " ya'swomu, "harden," "petrify," out
d. B C: "for these angels were in charge of the of the evil angels.
powers of the waters." h. B and C omit "punitively."
e. So B and C. A: "I c a m e . " i. Lit. "valleys. "
j . B: "shall be out." C: "shall c o m e . "
67 a. B C: "a lot of love and uprightness." k. Lit. "condemned."
b. All MSS add "to these angels." 1. Eth. fawes has the meaning of (1) "a healing
c. Lit. "her." medicine," "a good medicine," and (2) "a killing
d. Lit. "her." drug," "a bad medicine."
e. Lit. "it was changed [substituted!." m. Lit. "judgment."
f. So A: 'iyydmakker. B C: 'iyymaker, "he will n. B C: "their spirits."
not counsel it." Charles emended the text to read o. So A. B C: "forever and ever."
"he will not be barren," Uyymaken. p. Lit. "ascend."
g. So C, and possibly A and B. A and B could q. So B and C. A: "shall be knotted."
give the meaning "they shall harden [petrify]" or r. So all MSS. Perhaps we should read "bodies
"they shall cast lots." It seems to me that the original of kings."
The angel Michael discusses the judgment with Raphael
68 After that, he gave me instructions in all the secret things (found) in the book
3

of my grandfather, Enoch, and in the parables which were given to him; and he put
0

them together for me in the words of the book which is with me. On that day, c #

Michael addressed himself to Raphael, saying to him, "The power of the spirit grabs
d

me and causes me to go up on account of the severity of the judgment concerning

c

(the knowledge of) the secrets. Who is able to endure the severity of the judgment
which has been executed and before which one melts away?" •Michael continued to
f

speak further, saying to Raphael, "Who is he whose heart does not become sordid 8

in respect to this matter and whose reins do not become stirred up from the word of
the judgment which has been pronounced against them.' ' • Then it happened that when
h

they stood* before the Lord of the Spirits, Michael said to Raphael thus, "They shall
not prosper before the eye of the Lord; for they have quarreled with the Lord of the
Spirits because they make the image of the Lord/ •Therefore, all that which has been
concealed shall come upon them forever and ever; for neither an angel nor a man k

should be assigned his role; (so) those (evil ones) alone have received their judgment
1

forever and ever."

Names and misdeeds of the fallen angels

69 After this judgment, they shall frighten them and make them scream because they
have shown this (knowledge of secret things) to those who dwell on the earth. »Now
behold, I am naming the names of those angels! These are their names: The first of
3

them is Semyaz, the second Aristaqis, the third Armen, the fourth Kokba'el, the fifth
Tur'el, the sixth Rumyal, the seventh Danyul, the eighth Neqa'el, the ninth Baraqel,
the tenth Azaz'el, the eleventh Armaros, the twelfth Betryal, the thirteenth Basas'el,
the fourteenth Hanan'el, the fifteenth Tur'el, the sixteenth Sip ese'el, (the seventeenth
w

Yeter'el), the eighteenth Tuma'el, the nineteenth Tur'el, the twentieth Rum'el, and
0

the twenty-first Azaz'el. • These are the chiefs of their angels, their names, their
0

centurions, their chiefs over fifties, and their chiefs over tens.
0

The name of the first is Yeqon; he is the one who misled all the children of the
angels, brought them down upon the earth, and perverted them by the daughters of
6

the people. •The second was named Asb'el; he is the one who gave the children of
the holy angels an evil counsel and misled them so that they would defile their bodies
by the daughters of the people. •The third was named Gader'el; this one is he who
showed the children of the people all the blows of death, who misled Eve, who showed
the children of the people (how to make) the instruments of death (such as) the shield,
the breastplate, and the sword for warfare, and all (the other) instruments of death to
the children of the people. •Through their agency (death) proceeds against the people

68 a. B C: " s i g n s , " "miracles." paragraph is problematic. If A is right, this passage

b. B C: "my grandfather, Enoch, gave me the may be a reference to Ex 20:4.
signs of all secret things (found) in the book."
c. B C: "in the words of the book of the parables." 69 a. B and C omit "I am naming."
d. A wrongly: "responded to m e . " b. So B and C.
e. Lit. "rouses m e . " B C: "provokes m e , " "an- c. B C: "the first Semyaza, the second Arestiqifa
gers m e . " [C: A r t a q i f a ] . . . the fourth Kokaba'el 1C: Kokab'el],
f. Lit. "they melt." the fifth [C: Turu'el] . . . the seventh Danyal, the
g. So A and C. B: "does not become soft," "does eighth [B: Nuqa'el], the ninth Baraq'el . . . the
not become compassionate." eleventh [B: Armores], the twelfth Bataryal, the
h. A adds: "There were among them those who thirteenth Basasa'el [C: Basasa'eyal], the tourteenth
responded to them thus." B and C add: "There were [B: Anan'el] [C: Hanan'el], the fifteenth [B: Turyal],
among them those whom they led out thus." the sixteenth Simapisi'el [C: Simipesi'el] . . . the
i. B C: "he stood." nineteenth JB: Tar'el], the twentieth Ruma'el, the
j . Or "because they act in the style of the Lord." twenty-first Azez'el [B: AzazelJ."
k. So B and C. A: "an image." Perhaps A is d. Lit. "the chiefs of their one hundred."
original. See following note. e. Or "the angelic children."
1. Lit. "his portion." A possible rendition ac- f. Lit. "he counseled them with an evil counsel."
cording to A may be: "for no image—and no human B C: "he told ["taught," "showed"] them an evil
(image)—should be made for h i m . " The whole counsel."
 8 who dwell upon the earth, from that day forevermore. • The fourth is named Pinem'e;"
8

this one demonstrated to the children of the people the bitter and the sweet and
9 revealed to them all the secrets of their wisdom. •Furthermore he caused the people
to penetrate (the secret of) writing and (the use of) ink and paper? on account of this
1

matter, there are many who have erred from eternity to eternity, until this very day.
10 For human beings are not created for such purposes to take up their beliefs with pen
k 1

11 and ink. • For indeed human beings were not created but to be like angels, permanently
to maintain™ pure and righteous lives. Death, which destroys everything, would have
not touched them, had it not been through their knowledge by which they shall perish;
12 death" is (now) eating us° by means of this power. •The fifth is named Kasadya; it 0

is he who revealed to the children of the people (the various) flagellations of all evil—
(the flagellation) of the souls and the demons, the smashing of the embryo in the
womb so that it may be crushed, the flagellation of the soul, snake bites, sunstrokes, 0

13 the son of the serpent, whose name is Taba'ta/ »And this is the number of Kasb'el, 8

the chief (executor) of the oath which he revealed to the holy ones while he was (still)
14 dwelling in the highest in glory. • His name was (then) Beqa; and he spoke to Michael"
1

to disclose to him his secret name so that he would memorize this secret name of his, v

so that he would call it up in an oath in order that they shall tremble before it and w

15 the oath. • He (then) revealed these" to the children of the people, (and) all the hidden
things and this power of this oath, for it is power and strength itself.y The Evil One 2

placed this oath in Michael's hand.

16 These are the secrets of this oath—and they are sustained by the oath:
The heaven was suspended before the creation of the world; and forever!
17 By it the earth is founded upon the water; from the hidden places of the
mountains come beautiful waters, from the beginning of creation; 32

and forever!
is By that oath, the sea was created;
and he put down for it a foundation of sand which cannot be transgressed
at a time of its anger, from the beginning of creation;
and forever!
19 And by that oath the depths are made firm;
they stand still and do not move from their places from the beginning
(of creation);
and forever!
20 By the same oath the sun and the moon complete their courses of travel,
and do not deviate from the laws (made) for them, from the beginning
(of creation);
and forever!
21 And by the same oath the stars complete their courses of travel;
if they calP their names, he causes them to respond from the beginning02

(of creation);
and forever!

g. Lit. "From their hands it proceeds against those "The Original Language of the Parables of Enoch,"
who dwell upon the earth." Old Testament and Semitic Studies, vol. 2, p. 3 4 1 .
h. B C: Penemu. s. B: Kesb'el. C: Kasb'el.
i. Lit. "to comprehend book(s)." t. C: Biqa.
j . B C: "to comprehend writing [books] with ink u. B: "holy Michael."
and paper." v. B: 'that he would show him that secret name.''
4

k. Lit. "born." C omits both.

1. B C: "to confirm." w. Lit. "from i t . "
m. Lit. "to l i v e . " x. B C: "which they revealed."
n. Lit. " i t . " y. B C: for it. is powerful and strong."
44

o. B C: "eating m e . " z. S o A. B: 'Aka'. C: 'Aka', which may be proper

p. B: Kasdyas. C: Kasdya. names or corruptions of the 'ekuy of A, or vice versa.
q. Lit. "the flagellation that happens at noon." Cf. EC, p. 125, n. 14.
r. An obscure name which, if taken as a common a2. Lit. "from the creation of the world."
noun in Eth., means " m a l e . " For an attempt to b2. B C: "he calls."
restore this and the following verse, see N. Schmidt, c2. B C: "they shall respond."
22 Likewise the waters and their souls, all the winds " and their paths of 0 2

travel from all the directions of winds;

23 the voice of the thunder and the light of the lightning are kept there;
24 the reservoirs of hail, the reservoirs of frost, the reservoirs of mist, the
reservoirs of rain and dew are kept there;
25 All these believe and give thanks in the presence of the Lord of the
Spirits;
they glorify with all their might, and please him in all this thanksgiving;
e2

they shall thank, glorify, exalt the Lord of the Spirits forever and ever!
26 This oath has become dominant over them; they are preserved by it and their paths
are preserved by it (so that) their courses of travel do not perish.
27 (Then) there came to them a great joy. And they blessed, glorified, and extolled
(the Lord) on account of the fact that the name of that (Son of) Man" was revealed
28 to them. He shall never pass away or perish from before the face of the earth." But
82 2 #

those who have led the world astray shall be bound with chains; and their ruinous
congregation shall be imprisoned; all their deeds shall vanish from before the face of
29 the earth. •Thenceforth nothing that is corruptible shall be found; for that Son of 52

Man has appeared and has seated himself upon the throne of his glory; and all evil
shall disappear from before his face; he shall go and telP to that Son of Man, and he
2

shall be strong before the Lord of the Spirits. Here ends the third parable of Enoch. k2

Translation of Enoch and vision of earliest human ancestors

1 70 And it happened after this that his living name was raised up before that Son of 8

2 Man and to the Lord from among those who dwell upon the earth; »it was lifted up
3 in a wind" chariot and it* disappeared from among them. •From that day on, I was d

not counted among them. But he placed me between two winds, between the northeast e

and the west, where the angels took a cord to measure for me the place for the elect
4 and righteous ones. »And there I saw the first (human) ancestors and the righteous f

ones of old, dwelling in that place.

Vision of the fiery house and the Antecedent of Days
1 71 (Thus) it happened after this that my spirit passed out of sight and ascended into 8

the heavens. And I saw the sons of the holy angels walking upon the flame of fire;
their garments were white—and their overcoats—and the light of their faces was like
2 snow. 'Also I saw two rivers of fire, the light of which fire was shining like hyacinth.
3 Then I fell upon my face before the Lord of the Spirits. And the angel Michael, one
#

of the archangels," seizing me by my right hand and lifting me up, led me out into
4 all the secrets of mercy; and he showed me all the secrets of righteousness. »He
c d e

also showed me all the secrets of the extreme ends of heaven and all the reservoirs
of the stars and the luminaries—from where they come out (to shine) before the faces
5 of the holy ones. «He carried off my spirit, and I, Enoch, was in the heaven of
f 8

heavens. There I saw—in the midst of that light—a structure built of crystals; and

d2. B and C read "Likewise, the souls of the c. A: "his name." B C: "the name."
waters, of the winds, and all the winds . . . "
d. Lit. "it went out ["disappeared," "vanished"!
e2. B C: "and their food."
among them."
f2. A reads "the name of that man."
e. Eth. nafdsdt. B: mandfest. C: manfdsdt, "winds"
g2. B and C interpolate at this place a passage
or "spirits."
(omitted by A): "And he sat on the throne of his
f. Lit. "the first fathers." Cf. "the earliest fath-
glory; and the presidency [lit. "head"! of the (final)
ers," "the first forefathers," "the original ances-
judgment was given unto the Son of Man."
tors."
h2. B C: "He shall cause the sinners to pass away
and perish from before the face of the earth." 71 a. Lit. "became hidden," "became concealed,"
i2. Lit. "From thenceforth what perishes will not "disappeared," "vanished," "were extinguished."
happen." b. Lit. "head [chief] angels."
j2. B C: "they shall tell." c. C omits "of mercy."
k2. Lit. "This is the third parable of Enoch." d. B omits "and he showed m e . "
e. C: "of mercy."
70 a. A: "before t o . " B C: " t o . " f. Lit. "He hid," "He concealed."
b. Or "spirit." g. B and C omit "and I."
 6 between those crystals tongues of living fire. • And my spirit saw a ring which h

encircled* this structure of fire. On its four sides' were rivers full of living fire which
1 4

7 encircled it. • Moreover, seraphim, cherubim, and ophanim—the sleepless ones" who
1 1

8 guard the throne of his glory—also encircled it. *And I saw countless angels—a
hundred thousand times a hundred thousand, ten million times ten million—encircling
that house. Michael, Raphael, Gabriel, Phanuel, and numerous (other) holy angels
9 that are in heaven above, go in and out of that house— • Michael, Raphael, Gabriel,
10 Phanuel, and numerous (other) holy angels that are countless." •With them is the
Antecedent of Time: His head is white and pure like wool and his garment is
i I indescribable. • I fell on my face, my whole body mollified and my spirit transformed.
Then I cried with a great voice by the spirit of the power, blessing, glorifying, and
12 extolling. And those are the blessings which went forth out of my mouth, being
# 0

13 well-pleasing in the presence of that Antecedent of Time. »Then the Antecedent of

Time came with Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Phanuel, and a hundred thousand and
14 ten million times a hundred thousand" angels that are countless. •Then an angel came 0

to me and greeted me and said to m e , You, son of man, who art born in* righteousness
r 44 s

and upon whom righteousness has dwelt, the righteousness of the Antecedent of Time
15 will not forsake you." »He added and said to me, He shall proclaim peace to you
44

in the name of the world that is to become." For from here proceeds peace since the
16 creation of the world, and so it shall be unto you forever and ever and ever. • Everyone
that will come to exist and walk shall (follow) your path, since righteousness never
v

forsakes you. Together with you shall be their dwelling places; and together with you
shall be their portion. They shall not be separated from you forever and ever and
17 ever." *So there shall be length of days with that Son of Man, and peace to the
righteous ones; his path is upright for the righteous, in the name of the Lord of the
Spirits forever and ever.

Book III (72-82)

The Book of Heavenly Luminaries

The sun
72 (Book) Three: The Book of the Itinerary of the Luminaries of Heaven: the
8 #

position of each and every one, in respect to their ranks, in respect to their authorities,
and in respect to their seasons; each one according to their names" and their places
of origin and according to their months, which Uriel, the holy angel who was with
me, and who (also) is their guide, showed me—just as he showed me all their treatises 0

and the nature of the years of the world unto eternity, till the new creation which
0

abides forever is created.

h. Or "a belt," "a circular thing." translation of 71:12b-17 is based on B and C.
i. Or "encompassed," "surrounded." p. C: "a hundred thousand and ten million."
j . Lit. "house." q. Lit. "this angel." C: " h e . "
k. So B and C. A is unintelligible. r. Lit. "greeted me with his v o i c e . "
1. Lit. "that house." s. This expression, "son of man," should be
m. Lit. "those who do not sleep." distinguished from the "Son of M a n ." As explained
n. B and C add "they go out from that house." above, " M a n " in the "Son of Man" is a translation
o. Here ends ch. 71 in A. The scribe has transposed of either sab'e, "people," or 'eg ula- 'emma heyyaw,
w

to this place 78:8b-82:20. How this happened is "son of the mother of the living," i.e. "human
difficult to imagine, because the ending of this section being"; in the present case, however, we have be'esi,
and the beginning of the following (i.e. the Book of " m a n , " "a masculine person."
the Heavenly Luminaries) are clearly delineated in t. C: " u n t o , " " t o . "
most MSS; in another 15th-cent. MS—EMML 2080— u. Or "in his name which exists forever."
which I have consulted, the ending of the preceding v. Lit. " u p o n . "
section is found at the top of the left-hand column,
half of which is left empty; and the Book of the
Heavenly Luminaries starts at the top of a new 72 a. So A. Other MSS omit "Three."
column on the right. However, there is a tendency b. Lit. "its name."
to repeat some of the vss. ( 9 b - 12a) of the end of this c. Lit. "books."
ch. in some MSS; cf. EC, p. 180, n. 24. My d. Lit. "how."
2 This is thefirstcommandment of the luminaries: The sun is a luminary whose egress isa 65:17;
is an opening of heaven, which is (located) in the direction of the east, and whose
6
2PeO:3,i3
3 ingress is (another) opening of heaven, (located) in the west. I saw six openings
f #
Rc v 2 , : I

through which the sun rises and six openings through which it sets. The moon also
rises and sets through the same openings, and they are guided by the stars;* together
with those whom they lead, they are six in the east and six* in the west heaven.j All
h

of them (are arranged) one after another in a constant order. There are many windows k

4 (both) to the left and the right of these openings. • First there goes out the great light 1

whose name is the sun; its roundness is like the roundness of the sky; and it is totally
5 filled with light and heat. •The chariot on which it ascends is (driven by) the blowing
wind. The sun sets in the sky (in the west) and returns by the northeast in order to
go to the east; it is guided so that it shall reach the" eastern gate" and shine in the face
1

6 of the sky. • In this manner it rises in the first month through the major gate; it 0

proceeds (through this gate) which is the fourth (among) those six openings which 0

7 are (located) in the direction of the east. *By this fourth gate through which the sun
rises during the first month there are twelve open windows from which a flame flows,
8 when they are opened at the appropriate time. 'When (the sun) rises (in the east) in
0

the sky, it goes out through this fourth gate for thirty mornings and descends faithfully
9 through the fourth gate in the western sky. •During those (thirty) days the day daily
10 becomes longer and the night nightly shorter, for thirty days/ *On that day, the day
is longer than the night by one ninth; so the day turns out to be exactly ten parts and
s

11 the night to be eight parts. The sun rises from that fourth (eastern) gate and sets in
#

the fourth (western) one, and then it turns and comes into' the fifth gate of the east
12 for thirty days," through which it rises, and sets in the fifth gate. »At that time the day
further becomes longer and becomes* eleven parts and the night shortens and becomes x

13 seven parts on account of the sun. • It then returns to the east and comes into the sixth
y

(gate), rising and setting through that sixth gate for thirty-one* days, according to a2

14 the principle of (the gate). • On that day the day becomes longer than the night still
02 c2

further; so the day becomes twelve parts and the night shortens and becomes six
02

15 parts. •Then the sun is raised in such a way that (its duration) shortens and night 02

occurs; the sun returns to the east and enters the sixth gate, rising and setting through
12

16 it for thirty days." 'When thirty days are completed, the day decreases exactly by
g2 2 i2

17 one part, and becomes* eleven parts, and the night seven. 'Then the sun, leaving the
2

west by that sixth gate and going to the east, rises through the fifth gate for thirty
is mornings and sets again in the fifth gate in the west. On that day the day decreases
#

19 by two parts; so (the day) becomes ten parts and the night eight parts. - Then the sun,

e. The word hewhew is sometimes translated as as nine parts of the night."

"portal" or "gate. " But it simply signifies "a hole," t. B and C omit "comes into."
"a crack," "an aperture," "a slot," or "a vent." u. Lit. "mornings."
f. Lit. "setting." v. Lit. "the day becomes longer doublefold."
g. B C: "guides of the stars." w. Lit. "the day becomes."
h. A could be read " s e v e n , " which is meaning- x. Lit. "decreases."
less. y. Lit. "on account of her sun." The word for
i. A could be read " s e v e n , " which is meaningless, sun used here is ta'amer, "wonder," " s i g n , " " s u n , "
j . B and C read "west (of the) sun. " " m o o n . " The whole phrase is wrongly placed at the
k. Lit. "uprightly." end of vs. 12. Cf. 48:3; Jub 4:17; 2Chr 33:3; Jer
1. So C. A B: "the light that e x c e l s . " 10:2.
m. Lit. "that." z. So B and C. A: "thirty."
n. Eth. hwofjet. I have decided to translate this a2. Lit. "mornings."
term as "gate." It appears in the Eth. Bible in several b2. Lit. "according to her s i g n . " The Eth. ta'a-
places as an equivalent for Heb. delet and Sadr or mer, "wonder," " s i g n , " can also designate "sun"
Gk. thura and pyle. Cf. Job 31:32 (delet, thura); Isa or " m o o n . "
26:20 (delet, thura); Ps 24(23): 7, 9 (Sa'dr, pyle); Ps c2. Lit. "her."
107(106): 16 (delet, pyle). d2. Lit. "the day double the night."
o. Ethiopian commentators begin here with the e2. Lit. "it shortens."
Ethiopian month Miyazya. f2. B C: "it shortens the day and lengthens the
p. A could be read " s e v e n , " which is meaning- night."
less. g2. Lit. "rising through it and setting."
q. Lit. "in their seasons." h2. Lit. "mornings."
r. Lit. "for thirty mornings." i2. Lit. "mornings."
s. Lit. "the day is longer twice double as much j2. Lit. "the day becomes."
 departing from that fifth gate and setting in the fifth gate, in the west, rises in the
fourth gate for thirty-one days' according to the principle of (the gate), and sets in
12 12

20 the west. »On that day the day is aligned with the night, so that they become equal;
21 so the night becomes nine parts and the day nine parts. •Then the sun, departing m2

from that gate and setting in the west, returns to the east and comes out through the
22 third gate for thirty days," and sets in the third gate in the west. • On that day the night
2

becomes longer than the day; it becomes longer than the (previous) night and the 02

day becomes shorter than the (previous) day for thirty day; so the night turns out
02 02

23 to be exactly ten parts and the day to be eight parts. »Then the sun, departing from
that third gate in the west and returning to the east, comes out through the second gate
in the east for thirty days, and in the same manner it sets through the second gate
r2

24 in the western sky. »0n that day the night becomes eleven parts and the day seven
25 parts. »Then the sun, departing on that day from that second gate and setting in the
west in the second gate, returns to the east and rises in the first gate for thirty-one
26 days, and sets on that day in the western sky. *0n that day the night lengthens and 82

27 becomes twelve parts, whereas the day (shortens and becomes) six parts. •Thus the
sun completes its appearances," and goes through those same cycles of appearances
12 2

a second time/ coming out through all the openings* for thirty days and setting
2 2 x2

28 also in the west opposite to it. *On that night the length of the night decreases by one
29 ninth/ so the night becomes eleven parts and the day seven parts. -Then the sun,
2 22

returning and entering the second gate which is in the east, resumes its appearances 83

30 for thirty mornings, rising and setting (as usual). »0n that day the night becomes 03

31 shorter/ so the night becomes ten parts and the day eight parts. • On that day the sun,
3

departing from this second gate and setting in the west, returns to the east and rises
32 through the third gate for thirty-one days, and sets in the western sky. 0 n that day #

the night shortens and becomes nine parts and the day nine parts. Then the night
becomes equal with the day, and the days (of the year) add up to exactly three 03

33 hundred sixty-four days. • The lengths of the day and the night as well as the shortnesses
of the day and the night are (determined) by (the course of) the circuit of the sun, 53

34 and distinguished by it. The circuit becomes longer or shorter day by day and night
#

35 by night (respectively). -Thus this is the order for the course of the movement and
n

the settlement of the sun—that great luminary which is called the sun, for the duration
36 of the year(s) of the universe* —in respect to its going in and coming out. • It is that
3 h3

very (luminary) which manifests itself in its appearance as God has commanded that
43

37 it shall come out and go in, in this manner. And neither does it diminish (in respect
J3 #

to its brightness) nor take rest but continue to run day and night. As for the intensity
k3

of its light, it is sevenfold brighter than that of the moon; nevertheless, (the sun and
the moon) are equal in regard to their (respective) sizes.

k2. Lit. "mornings." z2. So B and C. A: " n i n e . "

12. See n. b2.
m2. Cf. n. y to vs. 12.
n2. Lit. "mornings." a3. B C: 'ar'estihu. See n. u2.
o2. Lit. "the night becomes longer than the night." b3. So B, C, and emendation in A. A reads: "the
p2. Lit. "the day becomes shorter than the day." day."
q2. Lit. "mornings." c3. Lit. "diminishes from her length."
r2. Lit. "mornings." S o B a n d C . A omits "morn- d3. B C: "and the year."
ings." e3. Or "route," "course."
s2. B and C add "becomes double the day." f3. Lit. " a n d ."
t2. Lit. "completed," "having completed." g3. So A. B C: "forever and ever. " Both gram-
u2. B and C read 'ar'estihu, "its beginnings," matically and theologically, the reading of A seems
"its chiefs," "its headlines," instead of 'araydtihu better.
as in A. h3. B and C read "going in sixty times," which
v2. B C: 'arestihu. See n. u2. makes no sense.
w2. B C: "through the same openings." i3. B and C add "that which is called the great
x2. Lit. "mornings." luminary."
y2. Lit. "the night diminishes from her ninefold j3. Lit. "come out in this manner and go i n . "
length by one part." k3. A omits " d a y . "
 The moon and the varying amounts of its illuminations
1 73 After I saw this (set of) regulation^ for the sun) I saw another (set of) regulation^) 3

2 concerning the minor luminary whose name is moon. • Its roundness is like the 0

roundness of the sky, and the wind drives the chariot on which it rides; and it is
c 0 e

3 given light in (varying) measure. • Its coming out and its going in change every month.
Its days are like the days of the sun; and when its light becomes evenly (distributed)
* then it amounts to one seventh of the light of the sun. *It (the moon) rises in this
manner: Its head faces the easterly direction, coming out on the thirtieth day,* on that
f

day, (that is,) on the thirtieth day, it comes into existence," and it appears with the
sun in the gate through which the sun exits; and you have the beginning of the month/
1

5 (Considering) half of it to be (divisible into) seven parts, the whole disk of it is k

without light, with the exception of one-seventh part of the fourteenth part of the
1

6 light (of the sun), one seventh of its (half) light." 0 n the day when it receives one-
1 #

seventh part of its one half," as the sun sets, it becomes (equivalent to) one-seventh
7 light of one half of it. •Then when the sun rises, the moon° rises together with it,
taking a portion of one half of its light; that night (the moon), just beginning its
monthly journey on its first lunar day, sets with the sun and becomes dark, in respect
0

to its thirteen parts that night. On that day it rises and shines with exactly one-seventh
0 r

8 part (of its semicircle). •Then it comes out and recedes toward the east (away from)
where the sun rises, (continuing) to be bright(er) in one sixth of one seventh" (of one
half of the light of the sun) during the remaining days. 1

1 74 Furthermore, I saw another system of rotation with its own regulation* whereby
A 0 d

2 the system fulfills its monthly course of movement. «A11 these things—including their
fixed positions—Uriel, the holy angel who is the guide of all of them, showed to me.
And I wrote down their fixed positions as he showed them to me; and I wrote down
their months as they were, as well as the (variable) aspects of their illumination until
e

3 the completion of fifteen days. •The moon wanes in fifteen steps during a period of
4 fifteen days, and waxes in fourteen steps in the east and the west respectively/ - In
(certain) designated months it alters its (westerly) settings and in (certain) designated
5 months it fulfills its unusual* courses of movement. For two months it (the moon)
#

sets with the sun, and uses" those two middle openings (which are) the third and the

73 a. Lit. "After this commandment I saw another m. The passage is in general difficult. But it seems
commandment." to me to imply that "one-seventh part of the half of
b. Whereas the sun is generally personified as the moon represents one-fourteenth part of the light
feminine, and feminine grammatical forms (though of the whole m o o n . " B and C omit the last phrase:
sometimes masculine forms) are applied to it, the "one seventh of its (half) light."
moon is generally personified as masculine (though n. B and C add "its light."
sometimes as feminine), and masculine grammatical o. So B and C. A: " i t . "
forms are most commonly used for it. p. Lit. "it is at the beginning [head] of its morning."
c. Some late MSS read "the sun." q. A B: "six and seven." C: "seven seven."
d. So B and C. A: "lengthens." r. Lit. "six and seven parts of its hemisphere(s)."
e. Lit. "its chariot on which it rides." s. Lit. "six (and) seven. "
f. According to Ethiopian commentators, the cres- t. This section, 7 3 : 4 - 8 , is a badly garbled descrip-
cent-shaped head of the new moon. tion of the variations in the moon's illuminated area:
g. Or "morning." on the first day one quarter, on the next one seventh,
h. Lit. "it appears," "it manifests itself," etc. then one seventh plus one fourteenth, etc.
i. The term yewage' is ambiguous, since it could
mean either "it came out" or "it went out." The 74 a. This ch. is primarily a variant of the preceding
verb wasj'a, "to go out," "to come out," "to ch. 73.
depart," "to go far," etc., is an approximate equiv- b. Lit. "route," "course of movement."
alent of the English "to exit." The term denotes the c. Lit. "command."
"rising" of the sun (or the moon) in the sense that d. Lit. "by which commandment."
the sun "comes out of" or "exits from" its chamber. e. Lit. "appearance."
j . Lit. "it becomes for you the head ["the begin- f. Lit. "It completes its darkness in four (and)
ning"] of the month." seven parts for fifteen days and completes all its
k. B and C add rehuq, to give the reading "half lights in seven (and) seven parts in the east and the
of it is distant [or "moves away"J by one seventh." west." B and C read: "In one-seven-seven parts it
Flemming suggests emending the text by substituting completes its light in the east and in each seven-
re'uy, "visible," for rehuq. Cf. EC, p. 138, n. 7. seven parts completes its darkness in the west."
1. Lit. "as though without light." B C: "empty g. Lit. "one-one."
without light." h. Lit. "it has. " B and C omit "it has."
 6 fourth gate. *lt comes out for seven days and completes a circuit as it returns again
to the gate through which the sun rises. In this manner it waxes* and recedes from the
7 sun, entering the sixth gate through which the sun rises in eight days. 'When the sun
rises through the fourth gate (the moon) comes out for seven days, until it starts
coming out through the fifth. It then turns back toward the fourth gate in seven days,
8 waxing as it recedes, and enters the first gate in eight days. -Then again it returns to
9 the fourth gate through which the sun rises in seven days. •This is how I saw their
j k

fixed positions—how the moon rises and shines when the sun sets—in those days.
10 If five years are combined the sun gains thirty extra days; consequently one of those
five years gains, and when it is completed, it turns out to be three hundred sixty-four
n days. •The gain of the sun and of the stars turns out to be six days; in five years, six1

days every year add up to thirty days; and the moon" falls behind the sun and the
01

12 stars for thirty days. • Theyp bring about all the years punctiliously, so that they forever
0

neither gain upon nor fall behind their fixed positions for a single day, but they convert
13 the year with punctilious justice into three hundred sixty-four days. •In three (years) q

there are one thousand ninety-two days and in five years one thousand eight hundred
and twenty days, so that in eight years there are two thousand nine hundred and twelve
14 days. *For the moon singly in three (years) its days add up to one thousand thirty
15 days/ so that it falls behind by sixty-two days in three years. • In five years (they add
5

up to) one thousand eight hundred seventy days, so that it falls behind by fifty days
1

16 in five years. Thus it is for the moon. • In eight years the days (add up to) two thousand
eight hundred thirty-two days, so that it falls behind by eight days in eight years/
n (In this way) the years are completed with precision/ in accordance with their fixed
positions in the universe and the fixed stations of the sun which shine, the gate through
which it (the sun) rises and sets for thirty days.

1 75 The leaders of the chiefs of the thousands, which are appointed over the whole
creation and upon all the stars, are counted together with the four (leaders of the
seasons); they do not leave from the fixed stations according to the reckoning of the
3 0

year; and they render service on the four days which are not counted in the reckoning
2 of the year. *On this account, people err in them, for those luminaries scrupulously
render service to the fixed positions in the cosmos—one in the first gate of heaven,
one in the third/ one in the fourth, one in the fifth, and one in the sixth. In this
0

manner the year is completed scrupulously in three hundred sixty-four fixed stations
3 of the cosmos. -Thus the signs, the durations of time, the years, and the days were
shown to me (by) the angel Uriel, whom the Lord, God of eternal glory, has appointed
6 f

over all the luminaries of heaven—(both) in heaven and the world—in order that
they—the sun, the moon, the stars, and all the created objects which circulate in all
i. Lit. "completes all her light." The section 74:10-12 is meaningless as it stands;
j . Vss. 7 - 9 is a corrupt rendering of the simple while the whole section 7 4 : 1 0 - 1 6 seems to be a later
rule: The moon rises (and sets) during seven or eight fragmentary intrusion. The computation in this section
days in the outermost gates (i.e. gates six and one) is a rather trivial one:
but only one or two days in all other gates (i.e. gates (1) solar (civil) years: 364 x 5 = 1820
two to five). 364 x 3 = 1092
k. Lit. "in this w a y . " 364 x 8 = 2912
1. So B and C. A reads "eight" as emended. (2) lunar years: 354 x 5 = 1770
m. So B and C. A: "five years gain thirty days." 354 x 3 = 1062
n. So B and C. A: " i t . " 354 x 8 = 2832
o. So B and C. A: "it falls behind the sun and Thus in 8 civil years the excess over 8 lunar years is
the stars for thirty days—behind the sun, the moon, 2912 - 2832 = 80 (or simply 364 - 354 = 10;
and the stars." Cf. EC, p. 141, nn. 1, 2. thus 8 x 10 = 80).
p. So A. B: "The m o o n . " C: "The sun and the v. Lit. " i n j u s t i c e , " "justly."
stars." Cf. also EC, p. 141, nn. 3 , 4.
q. Text unclear.
r. B: "one thousand and sixty days." C: "one 75 a. Lit. " i t s . "
thousand and sixty-two." b. B: "they do not leave from their fixed stations."
s. B and C omit "it falls behind by sixty-two days C: "they do not become separated from their deeds
in three years." [actions]."
t. Lit. "there are one thousand seven hundred c. All MSS add "gate of heaven."
seventy days in five years." In B and C vss. 14f. d. B and C omit "fifth."
are corrupt. e. Lit. "he s h o w e d . "
u. A, B, and C all repeat the preceding clause. f. C adds "forever."
 the chariots of heaven—should rule in the face of the sky and be seen on the earth
4 to be guides for the day and the night.* • Likewise Uriel showed me twelve wide
openings in the sky, along the course of the chariots of the sun, from which" the rays
of the sun break out and from which heat' is diffused upon the earth, when they are
5 opened during the designated seasons. •Their openings (affect) the winds and the spirit
6 of the dew,J • (that is) when the twelve wide openings are opened in the sky, in the
k

extreme ends' of the earth, through which (also) the sun, the moon, the stars, and all
7 the (other) heavenly objects come out in the west." •There are many open windows
1

to the left and the right, but one window produces the heat" at its designated time in
the manner of those openings through which the stars rise in accordance with their
8 orders and set according to their numbers. *I also saw chariots in heaven running in
9 the universe above those openings in which the stars that do not set" revolve. *One
0

(circuit) is larger than the rest of them all, and it circles the entire cosmos at the
extreme ends of the earth. 0

The twelve winds and their gates

1 76 And I saw the twelve wide openings in all the directions through which the
3 0

2 winds come out and blow over the earth. •Three of them are open in the forefront 0

of the sky, three in the west, three in the right of the sky, and three on the left;
d 6

3 (in other words) the first three are those on the morning side (followed by) three in
the direction of the north; the last three are those on the left, in the direction of the
f

4 south (followed by) three in the west. • Through four of the (openings)? blow out winds
of blessing" (and) through eight of them blow out winds of pestilence—when they are
sent in order to destroy the whole earth, the water upon her, all those who dwell upon
her, and all those which exist in the waters and the dry land.
1

5 The first (group of) winds goes out from those openings called the easterly/ Out
of the first gate, which is in the direction of the east and inclines toward the south,
6 proceed extirpation, drought, pestilence/ and destruction. «Out of the second gate,
(located) directly in the center, proceed' rain and fruitfulness together with dew. Out m

of the third gate, which is in the direction of the northeast, proceed (both) cold and
drought.
7 After these winds, there go out the southerly ones through three gates. Among
these, out of the first gate, which inclines in the direction of the east, proceed the
8 winds of heat." • Out of the central gate, which is next to it, proceed beautiful fragrance,
9 dew, rain, peace, and life. *And out of the third gate, in the direction of the west,
proceed dew, rain, young locusts, and desolation.
0

10 After these, there goes (the group) of the northerly" winds whose name is the Sea.«
There proceed from the seventh gate, which is in the direction of the east, toward the

g. The section 75:1-3 is a slightly different version world I s a w . "

of the same topic in 8 2 : 4 - 6 . b. Lit. "to all the winds."
h. So B and C. A: "with which." c. I.e. "the east."
i. B omits the whole preceding clause and substi- d. I.e. "the south."
tutes mot, "death," for mwoq, "heat." e. I.e. "the north."
j . Texts unclear. So A, conjecturally. B: "The f. Lit. "northeast."
winds and the spirit of the dew during the seasons g. Lit. "For four of them."
when the openings in the sky are opened upon the h. B and C add "and of peace."
extreme ends." C: " A s for the winds and the spirit i. So B and C. A: "on the earth."
of the dew, when they are opened, open in the sky j . Lit. "the Orient."
upon the extreme e n d s . " k. B: "death." C: "heat."
k. B: "I saw the twelve openings." 1. B and C: "what is right goes out."
1. Or " e n d . " m. So A. B and C have saldm, "peace," instead
m. B C: "from the east and the west." of mesla, " w i t h , " resulting in the reading "peace
n. Lit. "heats heat." and d e w . "
o. B adds "and beneath them." n. B: "the wind of death." C: "the wind of heat."
p. So B and C. A: "that do not watch [keep]." o. Lit. "newly sloughed locusts," "baboons,"
q. So A. "invaders," "spoilers."
p. Lit. "northeasterly."
76 a. B and C start "At the extreme ends of the q. Eth. bafjr.
 11 south/ dew, rain, young locusts, and desolation. Out of the central gate proceed
5 #

life, rain, and dew directly; and out of the third gate, which is in the direction of the
1

west, which inclines toward the northeast, proceed cloud, frost, snow, rain, dew, and
young locusts."
12 After these come the fourth (group) of winds—the westerly. Out of the first gate,
which is in the northeasterly direction, proceed dew, frost, cold, snow, and hoarfrost.
13 Out of the central gate proceed dew, rain, peace, and blessing. And out of the last
gate, which is in the direction of the south, proceed drought, desolation, burning,
14 and destruction. Thus the twelve openings of the four heavenly directions are
# v

completed; all their orders, all their evil effects, and all their beneficial effects" have
w

I revealed to you, (O) my son, Methuselah!

The four directions, the seven mountains, the seven rivers Ezek 42:20

1 77 The first direction is called the Orient, because it is the very first. •The second
3 b

2
is called the South, because the Most High will descend " there, indeed because the
0 0 e

3 Eternally Blessed will descend there. • (The third) direction is the Occident, its name
f 8

(means) the diminished, (because) there all the luminaries of the sky wane and descend.
4 The fourth direction," whose name is the North, is divided into three parts: One of
1

them is the dwelling of human beings; the second the seas of water, lakes, forests,
rivers, darkness, and clouds; and the third part the garden of righteousness.
1

5 I saw seven high mountains which were higher than all the mountains of the earth;
6 out of them proceeds frost; and days and year(s) traverse (them) in due season/ •!
saw seven rivers upon the earth, larger than all the rivers; one of them emerges from
1

7 the West" and empties its water into the Great Sea." -Two (others) come from the
1 0

8 Northeast to the sea and empty their water into the Erythraean Sea, in the East. The -

four remaining ones come out of the side of the Northeast to their own (respective)
seas—(two of them) to the Erythraean Sea and two of them to the Great Sea, pouring
9 themselves therein; some say to the seventh" desert. »I (also) saw big islands in the
0

sea and the land —seventy-two in the Erythraean Sea.

r s

Names of the sun and the moon; waxing and waning of the moon
1 78 These are the names of the sun: the first, 'Oryares and the second, Tomas. The
a b c #

r. The text may be corrupt. B reads "After these I. So B and C. A omits " s e v e n . "
are the winds in the direction of the northeast, its m. I.e. possibly the Nile, which lies southwest of
name is bahr [the Sea], from the three seventh exits the land of Israel.
in the direction of the east which inclines toward the n. I.e. the Mediterranean Sea.
south . . . " Charles saw two interpolations here. Cf. o. Lit. "These t w o , " possibly referring to the
EC, p. 145, nn. 3 6 - 4 0 . Euphrates and Tigris. The references to these rivers
s. See n. o above. may have been omitted due to scribal errors in this
t. B and C add " p e a c e . " defective passage.
u. See n. o. p. So A. Only one MS of Charles, u, reads clearly
v. Lit. "openings." " s e v e n . " Others are corrupt.
w. Lit. "plagues." q. So B and C. A reads mabder instead of madbar,
x. Lit. "their peace." "desert." The verb bdr means "to run," "race,"
"prefer," etc., but mabder does not seem to have
77 a. Lit. " w i n d . " an intelligible meaning in the present context.
b. Cf. Heb. qedem. r. Perhaps "in the land" is an intrusion.
c. Lit. also "Southwest." s. The reading of A is difficult but better. B and
d. Charles suggests that the Eth. 'azeb is equivalent C read "I saw seven big islands in the sea and the
to the Heb. ddrom, from a play on yered ram, "the land—two in the land and five in the Great S e a . "
Most High will descend." Cf. also EC, p. 148, nn. 8 - 1 0 . Perhaps the non-
e. B omits 'indeed because." C omits "because.''
4
corrupted original read "I saw seven big islands—
f. B omits "will descend there." two in the Great Sea, and five in the Red S e a . "
g. Lit. " w i n d . "
h. Lit. " w i n d . "
i. Lit. "Northeast." 78 a. Lit. "like this."
j . So B and C. A: "the second, rivers." b. Heb. *dr heres, "light of the sun."
k. B C: "and days and season and year traverse c. Heb. SemeS, " s u n , " according to Charles. Heb.
(them)." B adds "and g o . " Hamah, "heat," according to Halevy.
 moon has four names: Its first name is Asenya; its second, 'Abla; the third, Banase;
d e f

3 and the fourth, 'Era. • These are the two great luminaries. Their roundness is like the
g

roundness of the sky; and the magnitude of their roundness is equivalent for both."
4 There are seven (more) portions of light that move in the sun's sphere than in the 5

moon's and it increases in measure until seventy portions of the sun are completed.
1 k

5 The (moon) comes in and goes out by the western openings, and circles" via the
1 1

6 northeast and rises through the eastern openings upon the face of the earth. •When
the moon (begins its cycle)," it appears in the sky one half of a seventh part; it will
7 become fully illumined from the fourteenth (day); it completes its illumination the #

fifteenth, becoming" fulfilled according to the sign of the year and becoming fifteen
0 0

8 parts. Thus the moon waxes in fifteen parts. »In its waning, (the moon) decreases
r s

on the first day to fourteen parts of its light; on the second day, it decreases to thirteen
parts of light; on the third, to twelve parts; on the fourth, to eleven parts; on the fifth,
to ten parts; on the sixth, to nine parts; on the seventh, to eight parts; on the eighth,
to seven parts; on the ninth, to six parts; on the tenth, to five parts; on the eleventh,
1

to four parts; on the twelfth, to three parts; on the thirteenth, to one half (of the
preceding);" on the fourteenth, all its light decreases to one half of one seventh; and
9 on the fifteenth, all the remaining (light) disappears. In certain fixed months, the #

moon completes its cycle every twenty-nine days, (in certain others), every twenty-
v

10 eight. •Then Uriel showed me another order (concerning) when light is beamed" into
n the moon, from which (direction) of the bright sun it is beamed. • During all the 1

seasons when the moon is made to run its cycle, the light is being beamed into it v

(the moon) facing the sun until the illumination (of the moon) is completed in the
course of fourteen days; and when it is lit completely, it radiates light in the sky. 2

12 On the first day, it is called the new moon because on that day the illumination
32

13 begins to set upon it. •These (illuminations) are completed with exactitude on the
b2 c2

day when the sun descends into the west, and the moon (simultaneously) rises in the
02

east in the evening, shining during the night" until the sun rises opposite it, and it
62 g2

14 is over against the sun. 'From the same side where light entered the moon, from there

d. B C: 'Asonya. According to Halevy this word q. Lit. "three-fiveness."

comes from Heb. 'ishon yah, "diminutive person," r. Lit. " b e c o m e s . "
"pupil of the e y e , " designating the human-like figure s. Lit. "half of seventh."
of the moon. t. The passage from 78:8b (fol. 103v) to 82:20
e. According to Halevy, corrupted from Heb. (fol. 106v) has been copied twice, first as an inter-
I'bdndh, " m o o n . " polation between the end of ch. 71 (fol. 96r) and
f. B C: Benase. According to Halevy. corrupted 72:1 (fol. 99r), and here, where it normally belongs.
from Heb. ben keseh, "full moon. " Both sections are of the same period and seem to be
g. Cf. Heb. ydreh, " m o o n . " For the various by the same hand; nevertheless, they are not identical.
names of the sun and the moon given here cf. J. A study of their variations can contribute to an
Halevy, "Recherches sur la langue de la redaction understanding of the Ethiopian scribal philosophy.
primitive du livre d'Henoch," JA 6.9 (1867), 3 5 2 - Of course, no attempt is made here to deal with that
95. problem.
h. So B and C. A reads "the magnitude of their u. B and C read "to two parts."
roundness is like the roundness of the sky, co- v. Lit. "the moon [or "month"] becomes."
equivalent for both." "Like the roundness of the w. Lit. "thrown," "cast," "projected."
sky" seems to be a dittography. One could possibly x. Lit. "morning ["day" or " e a s t " ] . " B and C
translate the passage to read "the magnitude of their omit "morning."
circuits is like the roundness of the sky, co-equivalent y. Lit. "made to g o . "
for both." z. Lit. "it fulfills," "accomplishes," "exe-
i. B C: "that is added." cutes."
j . So A, which does not seem to make sense. B a2. So B and C. A reads wasamdy, "and heaven,"
C: "seventh." The meaning of the text is that when instead of tesamay. Note here also that the feminine
seven parts of the sun's light have been transferred instead of the masculine singular is used for the
to the moon, the moon is fully illuminated. moon, as elsewhere (see below) in this passage the
k. Lit. "passes. " The text is difficult. masculine instead of the feminine singular is used
1. B C: "they set and come i n . " The masculine for the sun.
singular verbal form in A seems to indicate the moon. b2. Lit. "light rises upon her." Here also the
m. B C: "they circle." feminine form is applied to the moon.
n. Lit. "when the moon comes out." c2. B and C drop "these."
o. Lit. "three-fiveness." B and C also add: "fif- d2. The masculine form is used for the sun.
teen portions of light are added into it until the e2. Lit. "night."
fifteenth day." f2. B and C read "the whole night."
p. Lit. "its light becomes." g2. Lit. "the m o o n . "
 also it (gradually) wanes until all the illumination disappears and the days of the moon
expire, its disk empty without light.
15 (The moon) coordinates," in respect to its days and seasons, (four) three-month
2 52

(divisions). In the course of its recession* it makes (three months each in thirty days)
2

and three months each in twenty-nine days; during this season" it makes its recession,
in the first period, (starting) in the first gate, (in) one hundred and seventy-seven days.
16 In the course (of) its progression, it appears three months each in thirty days and
12

17 three months each in twenty-nine days. By night it appears like a man," and by day
# 12

it appears like the sky; for there is no other thing in it except its light." 2

Conclusion of the vision of astronomical laws

1 79 (Thus) now, my son, 1 have revealed to you everything; (so) the rules concerning
3

2 all the stars of heaven are concluded (here). • (Indeed) he showed me all their respective
rules for every day, for every season," and for every year; the procession of each one
3 according to the commandment, every month and every week. »(He showed me) the
total decrement (i.e. during a half lunar year) of the moon which h makes (from the
c

first) through the sixth gate, for (after) the light of* this sixth gate is disposed of (at
d

4 the end of the series of the six gates)/ the beginning of the decrement •(i.e. during
the other half lunar year) which it makes (in returning) in the first gate takes place
in its own season until one hundred and seventy-seven days are fulfilled, following
8

5 the rule of (counting) weeks, twenty-five (weeks) and two days. •(The moon) falls
behind the sun according to the order of the stars exactly five days during one period
1

6 (i.e. one half year), and when the place which you behold has been traversed. Such 1 #

is the appearance and the picture of all the luminaries which Uriel the archangel,
who is their leader, showed unto me.

1 80 In those days, the angel Uriel responded and said to me, Behold, I have shown
3 44

you everything, Enoch, and I have revealed everything to you (so that) you might see
this sun, this moon, and those that guide the stars of heaven as well as all those who
interchange" their activities and their seasons and rotate their processions. c

2 In respect to their days, the sinners and the winter are cut short. Their seed(s)
0 e f

shall lag behind in their lands and in their fertile fields," and in all their activities
8

upon the earth.' He will turn* and appear in their time, and withhold rain; and the sky
k 1

3 shall stand still at that time. •Then the vegetable" shall slacken" and not grow in its
1

4 season, and the fruit shall not be born" in its (proper) season. »The moon shall alter
0

h2. So A. Lit. "It unites," "It combines," "It 80 a. Lit. "answered m e . "
associates." Other MSS: "It makes." b. Lit. "turn."
i2. So A. B C: "and three months it makes thirty c. B and C omit "and rotate {turn]."
days in its season(s)." d. Lit. "rainy season."
j2. I.e. as it moves from gate six to one. Lit. e. Lit. "In respect to the days of the sinners and
"when it is waning," "when it is receding." the winter, they are cut short." B and C read "In
k2. Lit. "which in them." the days of sinners the winters ["seasons," "years"]
12. I.e. as it moves from gate one to six. Lit. "in are cut short."
the (due) season, its coming out." f. The term " s e e d s " has a double entendre here;
m2. B and C add "for twenty days." it can mean "their offspring" or "the seeds they
n2. In the last two sentences, the moon is again sow."
described in feminine gender. g. Lit. "it shall become the last."
h. B: "plowed fields."
79 a. B adds "Methuselah." i. B C: "all the activities upon the earth shall
b. B and C add "of every authority." alter."
c. Lit. "in all," or "in everything." B and C j . So A. For B and C see preceding note,
omit "in all," or "in everything." k. B: "He will not appear in his [its] time." C:
d. Lit. "in the sixth gate" or "by the sixth gate." "He will not appear for their times."
The passage could be translated "the total decrement 1. B C: "rain will be withheld."
of the moon which it makes by the sixth gate." m. Lit. "fruit of the ground."
e. Lit. "her light," i.e. the light of the sixth gate. n. Lit. "shall become the last o n e . "
f. Lit. "after these" or "from these." o. Lit. "fruit of the tree."
g. Lit. "her," i.e. the first gate's season. p. Lit. "shall be withheld."
h. So A and B. C reads laSer'dta, "(for) the order
of," instead of baSer'ata. Cf. EC, p. 152, n. 1.
i. Lit. "completed."
5 its order, and will not be seen according to its (normal) cycles. «In those days it will
appear in the sky and it shall arrive in the evening in the extreme ends of the great
0 r

lunar path, in the west. And it shall shine (more brightly), exceeding the normal
5

6 degree of light. »Many of the chiefs of the stars shall make errors in respect to
1

the orders given to them; they shall change their courses and functions and not appear
7 during the seasons which have been prescribed for them. *A11 the orders of the stars
shall harden (in disposition) against the sinners and the conscience of those that dwell
upon the earth. They (the stars) shall err against them (the sinners); and modify all
their courses. Then they (the sinners) shall err and take them (the stars) to be gods.
8 And evil things shall be multiplied upon them; and plagues shall come upon them,
so as to destroy all.

The heavenly book and Enoch's mission

1 81 Then he said unto me, "Enoch, look at the tablet(s) of heaven; read what is
3 b

2 written upon them and understand (each element on them) one by one. 'So I looked
at the tablet(s) of heaven, read all the writing (on them), and came to understand
everything. I read that book and all the deeds of humanity and all the children of
c d

3 the flesh upon the earth for all the generations of the world. *At that very moment,
I blessed the Great Lord, the King of Glory for ever, for he has created all the
phenomena in the world. I praised the Lord because of his patience; and I wept on
4 account of the children of the people upon the earth. • After that, I said: f

Blessed is the man who dies righteous and upright,

against whom no record of oppression has been written,
8

and who received no judgment on that day. h

5 Then the seven holy ones brought me and placed me on the ground in front of the
1 1

gate of my house, and said to me, "Make everything known to your son, Methuselah,
and show to all your children that no one of the flesh can be just before the Lord; for Job 9:2;
6 they are merely his own creation. »We shall let you stay with your son for one year,
k 1 P s 14:1

so that you may teach your children another law and write it down for them and give
m

all of them" a warning; and in the second year, you shall be taken away from (among)
0

7 all of them.p »Let your heart be strong! For the upright shall announce righteousness
to the upright; and the righteous ones shall rejoice with the righteous ones and
8 congratulate each other. But the sinners shall die together with the sinners; and the
0 #

9 apostate shall sink together with the apostate. But those who do right shall not die 2Kgs 22:20;
# r

on account of the (evil) deeds of the people; it will gather on account of the deeds wlsSoi
s 1;

10 of the evil ones."' •In those days, (those seven holy ones) concluded speaking with 4 : 7 - 1 4

me; and then I returned to my people, blessing the Lord of the universe.

q. Charles, following Halevy, suggests "the sun" the people."

instead of "the s k y . " See EC, p. 153, n. 1. g. Lit. " b o o k . "
r. Text reads "drought," "famine." But Charles, h. B: "Upon whom no guile has been found." C:
following Halevy, has suggested perhaps correctly "Who did not find the day of judgment."
that the Eth. 'abdr, corresponding to Heb. rd'db, i. All MSS add "they."
"hunger," is a corruption of the Heb. ereb, "eve- j . A omits " m e . "
ning," attributable to the Gk. translator. Cf. EC, k. Lit. "for he has created them."
p. 153, nn. 1, 2. 1. Lit. " W e shall leave you with your s o n . "
s. Lit. "chariot." m. B C: "until you give other commandments,
t. Lit. "the order of light." that you may teach your children."
n. Lit. "all of your children."
81 a. B C: "this." o. Lit. "make all of your children hear [under-
b. Lit. "slate," "polished and flat stone," "brick," stand]."
"tile," "stone-table." p. Lit. "they shall take you away from all of
c. B and C omit "that." them." B and C read "from their midst" instead of
d. B C: "of." "from all of them."
e. Lit. "unto." q. Or "present each other with gifts."
f. Lit. "I wept upon the earth on account of the r. B C: "shall die on account of the deeds of the
children of the people." B and C read "I blessed" people."
instead of "I wept on account of," ' 'upon the children s. I.e. the flood water.
of the people" instead of "upon the earth," thus t. B C: "they will assemble on account of the
giving the reading "I blessed upon the children of deeds of the evil o n e s . "
 Additional astronomical-calendrical visions
1 82 Now, Methuselah, my son, I shall recount all these things to you and write them
down for you. I have revealed to you and given you the book concerning all these
a 0

things. Preserve, my son, the book from your father's hands in order that you may
2 pass it to the generations of the world. »I have given wisdom to you, to your children,
c
Ps 78:5f.
and to those who shall become your children in order that they may pass it (in turn)
to their own children and to the generations that are discerning. All the wise ones d

3 shall give praise, and wisdom shall dwell upon your consciousness/ •they shall not
c

slumber but be thinking;* they shall cause their ears to listen in order that they may
learn this wisdom; and it shall please those who feast on it more than good food. h

4 Blessed are all the righteous ones; blessed are those who walk in the street of p ss i9:io ;

righteousness and have no sin like the sinners in the computation of the days in which
1 119:103

the sun goes its course in the sky. It (the sun) comes in through a door* and rises for
thirty days together with the chiefs of the thousands of the orders of the stars, together
11

with the four which are added to determine' the intervals within (the year, that is, the
intervals) between the four seasons" of the year;" those that lead them along come
1 0

5 in on four" days. On this account there are people that err; they count them (the
#

four?) in the computation of the year: for the people make error and do not recognize
a

6 them accurately; for they belong to the reckoning of the year. •Truly, they are
recorded forever: one in the first gate, one in the third/ one in the fourth, and one
in the sixth. The year is completed in three hundred and sixty-four days. 5

7 True is the matter of the exact computation of that which has been recorded; for
Uriel—whom the Lord of all the creation of the world has ordered for me (in order
to explain) the host of heaven—has revealed to me and breathed over me concerning
1

8 the luminaries, the months, the festivals, the years, and the days. He has the power #

in the heaven both day and night so that he may cause the light to shine over the
people—sun, moon, and stars, and all the principalities of the heaven which revolve
9 in their (respective) circuits. • These are the orders of the stars which set in their
10 (respective) places, seasons, festivals, and months. And these are the names of those
#

which lead the ones that come out and go down" in their (appointed) seasons, which
lead them in their (respective) places, orders, times, months, authorities, and locations.
I I The four leaders which distinguish the four seasons of the year enter first; after them
v

(enter) the twelve leaders of the orders which distinguish the months; and the three
hundred and sixty captains which divide the days and the four epagomenal days,
w

12 (and) leaders which divide the four seasons of the year. • These captains over thousands
are added between leader and leader, each behind a place to stand; but their leaders
13 make the division. And these are the names of the leaders which divide the four
#

seasons of the years which are fixed: Malki'el, Hela'emmemelek, Milay'ul, and Narel.
51 y

14 The names of those who lead them are 'Adnar'ul, Tyasus-'el, 'Elum'el*—these three

82 a. B and C add "all these things." relationship of "part" and "year." However, B and
b. Lit. "their book." C read simply "which divide between the four parts
c. Lit. " g i v e . " of the year."
d. B and C read "this wisdom upon their con- o. Lit. "together with them."
sciousness." p. So B and C. A reads "forty."
e. Possibly yesebehu is a corruption for yelabewu, q. B C: "they do not count them in the reckoning
"they shall have understanding." of the whole world."
f. So A. These phrases are omitted altogether by r. C adds "exit."
B and C. s. The section 8 2 ; 4 - 6 is a slightly different version
g. B C: "those who are thinking [understanding! of the same topic in 75:1-3 .
do not slumber." t. Cf. EC, p. 156, nn. 39, 40.
h. Lit. "to those who eat." u. B C: ". . . o f those which lead the ones that
i. B: "Blessed are all the righteous ones; blessed keep and come in . . . "
are all who walk in the street of righteousness." C: v. B C: "Their four leaders."
"Blessed are all the righteous ones who walk in the w. Lit. "chiefs of one thousand."
street of righteousness." x. Lit. "parts."
j . Eth. 'anqas. y. B C: Melk'el [C: Milkreiji/Zel^mmemelek [C:
k. So B and C. A reads "three." Heremmemelek]; MeTeyal; and Nafel [C: Narel].
1. Lit. "which shade." B C: "which divide." z. B C: 'Aderna'el [C: 'Adnar'el]; 'Iyasua'el [C:
m. Lit. "parts." 'lyasusa'el]; and 'Iyelume'el [C: 'Elome'el].
n. So B and C. A does not show construct
 follow the leaders of the orders, as well as the four which follow after the three
2

leaders of the orders, which follow after those leaders of the stations that divide the
15 four seasons of the year. At the very beginning, Malkiyal, whose name is called
# 02 c2

Tam ayen —and the sun—rises and rules; and all the days of his authority—during
, d2

16 which he reigns—are ninety-one days. And these are the signs of the days which
#

become manifest during the period of his authority: sweat, heat, and dryness; all the c2

trees bear fruit (and) leaves grow on all trees; (there will be) good harvest," rose
flowers, and all the flowers which grow in the field; but the winter tree* shall wither. 2

17 And these are the names of the leaders which are their subordinates: Berka'el,
Zalebsa'el/ and another additional one, a captain of a thousand, named Heluyasaf —
2 i2

is the days of the authority of this one have been completed. •The next leader after him
is Hela'emmemelek^ whose name they call the bright sun; and all the days of his light
2

19 are ninety-one days. *And these are the days of signs upon signs" upon the earth:
scorching heat and drought; and trees will produce their glowing fruits and impart 12

of their ripened ones;" the sheep shall seek (one another) and become pregnant; and
12

all the fruits of the earth are gathered in, and all that is in the fields as well as the
20 winepress. (These things) shall take place in the days of his authority. •These are the
names, the orders, and the subordinates" of those captains over thousands: Geda'iyal,
2

Helya'el, and Ki'el; and the name of the one that is added together with them is a
02

captain over a thousand called 'Asfa'elP —the days of the authority of this one have
2

been completed.

Book IV (83-90)
The Dream Visions

Vision of the Deluge

1 83 (Book) Four. «Now, my son Methuselah, I will show you all the visions" which
8

2 I saw, recounting them before you. *I saw two (visions) before I got married; and
c 0

neither one of them resembles the other: The first one (I saw) when I (was beginning
to) learn book(s), and the second, before I got married to your mother. First/ I saw
e

3 a scary vision regarding which* I prayed to the Lord. •! was (then) sleeping" in my
grandfather Mahalalel's house, and 1 saw in a vision the sky being hurled down and
1

4 snatched and falling upon the earth. •When it fell upon the earth, I saw the earth being
swallowed up* into the great abyss, the mountains being suspended upon mountains,
the hills sinking down upon the hills, and tall trees being uprooted and thrown and k

5 sinking into the deep abyss. • Thereupon a word fell into my mouth; and I began
1

6 crying aloud, saying, "The earth is being destroyed/' 'Then my grandfather,

Mahalalel, woke me up while I was sleeping together with him and said to me, m

a2. B C: " o n e . " o2. B C: Geda'eyal [C: Gida'iyal], Ke'el, and

b2. Lit. "Before the first." B C: "Before the first He'el.
year." p2. B: 'Esfa'el.
c2. B C: Melkyal.
d2. B: Tam'ana. C: Tam'ayeni. 83 a. So A. B reads kefl, "part." C omits both.
e2. Or "sorrow." C reads wazaben, "rest," b. C: "my visions."
" c a l m . " The word hazan in A and B could also be c. S o B and C. A reads "all the visions, but the
a corruption of wafjdzydn, "springs," "fountains." visions, which I s a w . "
f2. B C: "harvest of wheat." d. Lit. "I took a w i f e . "
g2. Lit. "the tree of the rainy season." e. Lit. "I took."
h2. B C: Berke'el [C: Berka'el], Zelebsa'el [C: f. B and C omit "First."
Zelebse'el]. g. B C: "regarding them."
i2. B: Heluyasef. C: Heluyasef. h. Or "lying still," "lying d o w n , " "resting."
j2. B: (Jelemmemelek. C: Helemmemelek. i. B and C omit " a n d . "
k2. B C: "the signs of the d a y . " j . A: "being heaped(?]."
12. B: "glowing and ripe." k. Lit. "being cut from their stems."
m2. Lit. "their ripened fruits." B: "their dried 1. Or "a speech," "a statement."
fruits." C: "their glowing and ripened fruits." m. B C: "by [near] h i m . "
n2. C omits "the subordinates."
 "What happened to you that you are crying aloud like this, my son, and why are
7 you lamenting in this manner?" And I recounted to him the whole vision which I
#

had seen. And he said unto me, "How terrifying a thing have you seen, my son!
You have seen in your dream" a powerful vision—all the sins of the whole world as 0

8 it was sinking into the abyss and being destroyed with great destruction. *Now, my
son, rise and pray to the Lord of glory, for you are a man of faith, so that a remnant
9 shall remain upon the earth and that the whole earth shall not be blotted out." *My p

son, all the things upon the earth shall take place from heaven; and there will occur
10 a great destruction upon the earth. • After that, I rose and prayed, made a petition,
and begged; and I wrote down all the prayers of the generations of the world.^ I will
11 show you everything, my son, Methuselah. Had I descended underneath and seen
# r

the sky, the sun rising in the east, the moon descending in the west, the diminishing
of the stars, and the whole earth, I would have recognized everything upon her. So
8 1

I blessed the Lord of judgment and extolled him. For he has made the sun to come
out from the windows of the east; so it ascended and rose upon the face of the sky,
starting to go the way that it was shown.

1 84 Then I raised up my hands in righteousness and blessed the Holy and Great One;
and I spoke with the breath of my mouth and the tongue of flesh which God has made
for the children of the flesh, the people, so that they should speak with it; he gave
them the breath and the mouth so that they should speak with it.
2 Blessed are you, O Great King,
you are mighty in your greatness,
O Lord of all the creation of heaven,
King of kings and God of the whole world.
Your authority and kingdom abide forever and ever;
8 0

and your dominion throughout all the generations of generations;

all the heavens are your throne forever, isa 66: I
and the whole earth is your footstool forever and ever and ever.
3 For you have created (all),
and all things you rule;
not a single thing is hard for you—(absolutely) not a single thing or c

wisdom*/
Your throne has not retreated from her station nor from before your
e

presence/
Everything you know, you see, and you hear;
nothing exists that can be hidden from you, for everything you expose. 8

4 The angels of your heavens are now committing sin (upon the earth),
and your wrath shall rest" upon the flesh of the people until (the arrival
of) the great day of judgment
5 "Now, O God, and Lord and Great King, I pray and beg so that you may sustain
my prayer and* save for me (a generation) that will succeed me in the earth; and do
not destroy all the flesh of the people and empty the earth (so that) there shall be
6 eternal destruction. Do now destroy, O my Lord, the flesh that has angered you
#

from upon the earth, but sustain the flesh of righteousness and uprightness as a plant
of eternal seed; and hide not your face from the prayer of your servant, O Lord."

n. Lit. "You have dreamed." B and C: "your b. B and C add "your greatness."
dream." c. B and C omit "thing."
o. B C: "the secret of the sins of the whole d. B has a meaningless word, qaab.
world." e. Lit. "condition," "state of life," " a g e , "
p. C: "that he may not blot out." "nourishment . . . "
q. B C: "and I wrote down my prayers for the f. The whole clause is a difficult one. C reads:
generations of the world." "Wisdom does not depart from the place of your
r. A unclear. B C: " W h e n . " throne, nor turn away from your presence." Con-
s. Cf. EC, p. 161, nn. 9 - 1 2 . cerning this emendation see EC, p. 162, nn. 12f.
t. B C: "he had known it in the beginning." g. B C: "you s e e . "
h. Lit. " b e c o m e , " "happen," "take place."
84 a. Or "dominion," "divinity," "kingship." i. All MSS add " s o that."
 Vision of various cows
2 85 After this, I saw another dream; and I will show you everything, my son. •Then 3

Enoch responded and said to his son, Methuselah: I shall speak to you, my son, hear
6

3 my words and incline your ears to the dream vision of your father. •Before I married
your mother, Edna, I was seeing a vision on my bed, and behold a cow emerged c 0

from the earth, and that bovid was snow-white; and after it, there came forth one
e

female calf together with two other calves, one of which was dark and the other red. f

4 The dark calf gored that red calf and pursued it over the earth; thereafter I was not
5 able to see that red calf. But the dark calf grew big, and it brought along" that female
8 #

calf; and I saw that many bovids, which resembled it, proceeded forth from it, and
6 followed after them.* 'That first heifer departed from before the face of that first
j

bovid, and looked for that red calf, but could not find it; so she lamented over it with
k

7 great lamentation, in searching for it. • I kept looking until that first cow came and 1

8 quieted her; from that moment, she stopped crying. 'After that she bore two snow-
9 white cows;" and after it she bore many more cows as well as dark heifers. «I also
1

saw in my sleep that snow-white bull, and he grew big likewise and became a great
snow-white bull; and there proceeded forth from him many snow-white cows which
10 resembled him. •Then they began to give birth to many snow-white cows which
resembled them, each one following many others."

Vision of the fallen stars among the cows

1 86 Again I saw (a vision) with my own eyes as I was sleeping, and saw the lofty
heaven; and as I looked, behold, a star fell down from heaven but (managed) to rise
2 and eat and to be pastured among those cows. •Then I saw these big and dark cows,
and behold they all changed their cattle-sheds, their pastures, and their calves; and
3 they began to lament with each other." Once again I saw a vision, and I observed
3 #

the sky and behold, I saw many stars descending and casting themselves down from
c

the sky upon that first star; and they became bovids among those calves and were
4 pastured together with them, in their midst. •! kept observing, and behold, I saw all
of them extending their sexual organs like horses and commencing to mount upon
0

the heifers, the bovids; and they (the latter) all became pregnant and bore elephants,
e

5 camels, and donkeys. »So (the cattle) became fearful and frightened of them and
6 began to bite with their teeth and swallow and to gore with their horns. *Then they
began to eat those bovids. And behold, all the children of the earth began to tremble
and to shake before them and to flee from them.

Vision of four heavenly beings

1 87 Again I saw them commencing to gore and devour one another; so the earth
2 began to cry aloud. And I lifted my eyes unto heaven and saw a vision: And behold,
#

there came forth from heaven (a being) in the form of a snow-white person—one
3

3 came out of that place and three (others) with him. "Those ones which had come
b c

out last seized me by my hand and took me from the generations of the earth, lifted
d

85 a. C adds "the whole dream." m. B C: "another snow-white c o w . "

b. B C: "took u p . " n. Lit. "the other many."
c. The Eth. dhm (pi. 'alhmt, "cattle") refers to a
bovine animal regardless of age or sex. 86 a. C: "to l i v e . "
d. Masculine singular verb. b. Butcf. EC, p. 165, n. 12.
e. The Eth. sa'ddd refers to "snow-white, bright, c. A repeats "I s a w . "
pure." The word does not normally describe a d. Lit. "bringing out."
person's color. e. C: "the heifers of the bovids."
f. Lit. " o n e . "
g. A reads "to see them." 87 a. A: "he came forth." B C : "they came forth."
h. B C: "she c a m e . " b. So B. A reads "four came out of that place
i. B C: "followed after it." and three with h i m . " C reads "four came out of that
j . B C: "That female heifer that first o n e . " place and three with them."
k. The qualifying adjectives are in masculine form. c. B C: "Those three."
1. A adds "to it." B and C add "to her." d. B C: "raised m e . "
 me up into a high place, and showed me a high tower above the earth, and all the e

4 hills were firm/ • (One of them) said to me, "Stay here until you see everything that
will happen to these elephants, camels, and donkeys, as well as to the stars and to
the bovids—all of them."

Vision of the punishment of the fallen stars

1 88 I then saw one of those four who had come out earlier seizing that first star,
binding his hands and feet, and throwing him into an abyss—this abyss was narrow
2 and deep, empty and dark. 'Also one of them drew a sword and gave it to those
8

elephants, camels / and donkeys; then they began to attack one another, and on account
3 of them the whole earth was quaking. • And as I continued to see in the vision, behold,
from that time, one of the four, among those who had come out, was stoning from
the sky, and gathering and taking away all the mighty stars, whose sexual organs
c

were like the sexual organs of horses; then he bound all of them hand and foot, and
cast them into the pits of the earth.

The Great Flood

1 89 Then one of those four went to those snow-white bovids and taught (one of them)
8

a secret: he was born a bovid but became a person; and he built for himself a big boat b

and dwelt upon it. Three cows dwelt together with him in that boat, and that boat c

2 was covered (over) them. • Again I raised my eyes toward heaven, and saw a lofty
ceiling with seven cascading streams upon it; and those cascading streams flowed d

3 with much water into one enclosed area. • Again I saw, and behold, fountains were
opened upon the ground of that great enclosed area, and the water began to swell and
rise upon the ground; and I saw that enclosed area until the whole ground was
4 (completely) covered with water. 'Water, darkness, and mist accumulated heavily
upon it; and I looked at the ascent of that water going up and up until it rose above 6

that enclosed area, and was streaming above the enclosed area/ thus it was standing
5 above the ground. 'And everything that was in the enclosed area/ and (all those on
8

the ground) were gathered together until I saw them sinking, being swallowed up,
6 and perishing in that water. 'Yet that boat was floating above the water, though all
the cattle, elephants, camels, and donkeys were sinking to the bottom; so I could (no
longer) see any one of the animals (for) they had no ability to come out but (only)
7 to perish and sink into the deep water.' 'Again I kept seeing in the vision until those
cascading streams were dissipated from that high ceiling, the fountains of the earth
8 were normalized, and other pits' were opened. 'Then the water began to descend into
them until the ground became visible/ that boat settled upon the earth, the darkness
9 vanished, and it became light. 'Then the snow-white cow which became a man came 1

out from that boat together with three cows. One of those three cows was snow-
white, similar to that (first) cow, and one of them red like blood. Now that (first) m

snow-white cow departed from them.

e. So B and C. A reads 'emdeljera, "after," f. A has the Eth. number "nine" (or "nine
instead of 'emmedera. times"?) at the end of this sentence.
f. So A. B C: "every hill was small." g. B C: "all the c o w s . " Cf. also 4QEn . See e

following n.
88 a. B C: "serious," "difficult."
h. Milik contends that the Eth. (vss. 4 - 5 a ) is
b. So B and C. A omits "camels."
"much more developed" than the Aram., which he
c. Lit. "stem," "powerful." B C: "great." 4QEn :
e

reconstructs " [ . . . And] I was looking until the earth

"many." Cf. Milik, The Books of Enoch, pp. 238f.
was covered by the waters [and by darkness and
It is possible that 'azizdna (A) is a corruption of
mist, and they were] standing upon it," starting with
bezuhdna, "many."
vs. 3. See Milik, The Books of Enoch, p. 238.
89 a. C: "that . . . bovid." i. Lit. "depth," "lake."
b. A reads wrongly meSrdqa, "East," instead of j . Milik, The Books of Enoch, p. 241: "cham-
masqara. Cf. 4QEn , 'arb hddah, "a boat," "a
e
bers."
ship." k. Milik, The Books of Enoch, pp. 24If.: "until
c. B and C omit "that boat." [the waters] vanished."
d. 4QEn : "[and I] was looking and, behold, seven
c
1. According to Milik, this clause, "which became
sluices pouring out [on the earth much water]." So a man," is not original. Cf. The Books of Enoch,
Milik, The Books of Enoch, p. 238. pp. 241 f.
e. B and C omit "going up and up until." m. B and C add: "and one black."
 From the Flood to the exodus
10 Then they began to bear the beasts of the fields and the birds. There arose out of
them all classes of population: lions, leopards, wolves," snakes, hyenas, wild boars, 0

foxes, squirrels," swine, hawks, eagles, kites, striped crow(s), and ravens. Among
0 r 5

11 them there was also born a snow-white cow. 'Then they began to bite* one another
among themselves. That snow-white cow which was born in their midst begat a wild
12 ass," and a snow-white cow with it; and the wild asses multiplied. »And that cow v

which was born from him bore a black wild boar and a snow-white sheep; the former w

13 then bore healthy beasts* and the latter bore twelve sheep. 'When those twelve sheep
had grown up, they gave away one of their own members to the donkeys, which in 2 32

turn gave him away to the wolves; so this sheep grew up in the midst of the
b2 c2

14 wolves. • Then the Lord brought the eleven sheep to dwell with him, and to pasture
d2 e2 0

in the midst of the wolves; and they multiplied and became many flocks of sheep.
15 Then the wolves began to fear* them; so they tortured them until their little ones were
2

being killed (for) they cast away their little ones into a river of great quantity of water.
So those sheep began to cry aloud on behalf of their little ones and to complain unto
16 their Lord. *Then one sheep which had been saved from the wolves fled and escaped" 2

to the wild asses. But I saw the sheep continuing to lament and cry aloud; and they
kept praying to their Lord with all their strength until the Lord of the sheep descended
17 at their entreatment, from a lofty palace, arriving to visits them. H e called that
12 #

sheep which had escaped from the wolves and told him concerning the wolves that
is he should warn the wolves not to touch the sheep. 'The sheep then went to the wolves
in accordance with the word of the Lord, together with another sheep which he had
met," so the two of them went on and arrived together into the assembly of those
2

19 wolves, and spoke to them and warned them not to touch the sheep. *But thenceforth
I saw how the wolves even intensified their pressure upon the sheep. They, the sheep, 12

20 cried aloud—they cried aloud with all their strength. 'Then their Lord came to (the
rescue of) the sheep, whereupon they began to whip those wolves. So the wolves
began to make lamentations, but the sheep thereafter became quiet and stopped crying
21 aloud. •! continued to see the sheep until they departed from (the presence) of the
wolves, and the wolves (until) their eyes were dazzled; yet the wolves went out to
22 pursue those sheep, with all their might. *But the Lord of the sheep went with them
as their leader, while all his sheep were following him; his face was glorious, adorable,
23 and marvelous to behold. As for the wolves, they continued" to pursue those sheep
# 12

24 until they found them at a certain pool of water. 'Then the pool of water was rent
asunder, and the water stood apart on this and on that side before their very eyes," 2

25 and their Lord, their leader, stood between them and the wolves. • Those wolves were
still not able to see the sheep, and (the sheep) walked through that pool of water; then
26 the wolves followed the sheep and ran after them into that pool of water. • Then when
they saw the Lord of the sheep, they turned in order to flee from before his face. But

y. Lit. "that sheep."

n. Or "hyenas." z. Lit. "one of them."
o. B C: " d o g s . " a2. Lit. "those." B C: "those donkeys."
p. A wrongly reads gizeydt, " t i m e s , " instead of b2. Lit. "that sheep. "
gahaydt. c2. Or "hyenas. "
q. B reads "vultures." d2. Or "hyenas."
r. Or "baboons." The Eth. is ambiguous in that e2. 4QEn : "the ram." So Milik, The Books of
e

the term hobdy can mean either "kite'' o r 'baboon.''

4
Enoch, pp. 241 f.
s. Or "colobus monkey." The Eth. is ambiguous f2. C adds: "with h i m . "
in that the term feqens of A (cf. foqdnes, fonqds) can g2. 4QEn : "to oppress." So Milik, The Books
c

mean "colobus monkey" or "striped bird ["crow"]." of Enoch, p. 241.

t. 4QEn : "to bite and chase."
d
h2. Lit. "passed."
u. Or "zebra." i2. Lit. "at the voice of the sheep."
v. 4QEn : "a calf.'' So Milik, The Books of Enoch,
c
j2. Verb not clear.
p. 241. k2. Lit. "and he met another sheep and went with
w. Milik suggests the reading of 4QEn as "a d
him."
ram] of the flock." Cf. also 4QEn {The Books of
c
12. B and C add "with all their strength."
Enoch, p. 241). m2. Lit. "they began."
x. B C: "bore many wild boars." n2. Lit. "before their face."
 that pool of water gathered itself together and immediately returned to its normal
state, the water became full and rose high until it covered (completely) those wolves.
02

27 Thus I saw till the wolves which pursued those sheep perished and were drowned.
02 q2

From the exodus to the entrance to the land of Canaan

28 So the sheep proceeded past that water and arrived in the desert, where there was
no water or grass;' but they began to open their eyes and see. Then I saw the Lord
2 52

of the sheep bringing them to a pasture and giving them grass and water. Also that
29 sheep was leading them as they were proceeding forward. • That sheep then ascended 12

to the summit of that lofty rock; and the Lord of the sheep sent (him) to them u2 v2

30 After that, I saw the Lord of the sheep, who stood before them; his appearance was
majestic, marvelous, and powerful; all those sheep beheld him and were afraid before
31 his face. • All of them feared and trembled because of him, and cried aloud to that
sheep (who was) leading them and to the other sheep who was also in their midst, w2

saying," "We are not able to stand before the presence of our Lord and to look at
2

32 him." »Then that sheep which was leading them turned back and (again) ascended
to the summit of that rock; meanwhile the sheep began to be dim-sighted in their eyes,
and went astray from the path which he had shown them; but that sheep was not aware
33 of it. • So the Lord of the sheep became angry at them with great wrath; and that sheep
became aware of it, and having descended from the summit of that rock, came to the
sheep and found that the majority of them had been blinded in their eyes and gone
34 astray. *And those who saw* him became afraid, trembling in his presence, and
2

35 wanted to return to their folds. • So that sheep took some other different sheep together
with them* and came to those sheep which had gone astray, slaying them; and the
2 33

sheep became frightened in his presence. He, that sheep, thus caused those sheep
36 which went astray to return, and brought them back into their folds. I continued
03 #

to see in that vision till that sheep was transformed into a man and built a house for
03

37 the Lord of the sheep, and placed the sheep in it. • I, moreover, continued to see until
d3

that sheep, which had met the sheep that was their leader, fell asleep and all the senior
sheep perished, junior ones rising to take their places. Then coming into a pasture,
38 they approached a stream of water. • (There) that sheep who was leading them—the
one who had become a man—departed from them, and all of them went to sleep. e3

(Then the rest of) the sheep sought him; and there took place a great cry over him. 13

39 And I kept looking till they quieted down from crying for that sheep, crossed that
stream of water, and all of the sheep stopped. Those who were leading them made
40 agreements with those whom they found, and they led them." I still kept seeing
83 3 #

the sheep till they arrived at a very pleasant place and in a land beautiful and glorious;
I saw those sheep being satiated; and that house was in their midst in the beautiful
land, by which their eyes become opened.

o2. Lit. "it became its own creation." ". . . to that sheep with them, which was in their
p2. B C: "all the w o l v e s . " midst." Cf. 4QEn (Milik, The Books of Enoch,
c

q2. 4QEn : "the waters covered them over." So

e
p. 204f.).
Milik, The Books of Enoch, pp. 243f. x2. B and C omit "saying."
r2. Milik restores 4QEn : "water to drink [and
c
y2. B C: "And when they s a w . "
grass to e a t ] . " Cf. The Books of Enoch, pp. 243f. z2. B C: "with him."
s2. So B and C. A reads "they do not open their a3. B C: "began to slay them."
e y e s . " 4QEn : "and their eyes were opened."
c
b3. B C: "they came back."
t2. B C: "as he was going." Cf. 4QEn . Milik
e
c3. Lit. "became. "
(The Books of Enoch, p. 244) contends that "the d3. B C: "in that house."
phrase 'and the sheep walked and guided them' [so e3. So A. B C: "and he went to sleep ["lay
Milik] was not in the Aramaic text, perhaps omitted down"]."
by homoeoteleuton . . . " f3. Lit. " c a m e . "
u2. A possible rendition is "and the Lord of the g3. B: "those who had slept."
sheep sent (his Torah) to them." h3. So B. A: marfjewomu, "their k e y , " instead
v2. On the basis of his restoration of 4QEn , Milik
c
of marhewomu. The whole sentence seems to be
adds "and they all stood at [a distance]." See Milik, corrupt. Charles has emended it to read "There arose
The Books of Enoch, p. 244. two sheep who were leading them, taking the place
w2. B: " . . . to that sheep which was with him, of those who slept and were leading them." EC,
to the other sheep which was in their midst." C: p. 173.
 From Judges to the building of the Temple
41 And when their eyes become dim-sighted until another sheep arose and led them,
i3

42 they would all return and their eyes became opened. Now the dogs, foxes, and the #

wild boars began to devour those sheep till the Lord of the sheep raised up another
43 sheep,' one from among them—a ram which would lead them. •That ram began to
3

fight on all sides those dogs, foxes, and wild boars until he destroyed all of them.
k3

44 Then that sheep had his eyes opened; and he saw that ram which was among the
13

sheep, how he abandoned his own glory and began to attack those sheep, to trample
m3

45 upon them, and went away without dignity. *So the Lord of the sheep sent the sheep" 3

to another sheep and promoted him to become a ram and lead the sheep in place of
03

46 that sheep which had abandoned his own glory. • After having gone to him, he spoke
03

to him privately and raised that ram, making him a judge and a leader of the
03 r3 83

47 people—throughout (this time) the dogs were continuing to covet the sheep. The first #

ram then persecuted that second ram, so that latter ram arose and escaped from before
13

his (the former's) presence; and then I continued to look until those dogs toppled that
48 first sheep. *But that second ram arose and led the little sheep." That ram begat many 3

sheep and fell asleep before a little sheep became a ram in his place, a judge and
v3

49 a leader of those sheep. •Those sheep grew and multiplied, but all those dogs, foxes,
and wild boars feared and fled before him. That ram attacked and killed all the wild
beasts; and all the wild beasts were no longer able to return among the sheep or to
50 rob absolutely anything from them. •Then that house became great and spacious; a
lofty building* was built upon it* for that sheep, as well as a tall and great tower
3 3

upon it* for the Lord of the sheep; that house was low but the tower was really elevated
3

and lofty. Then the Lord of the sheep stood upon that tower, and they offered a full
table before him.
23

The two kingdoms of Israel and Judah: the destruction of Jerusalem

51 Again I saw those sheep, how they went astray, going in diverse ways and
abandoning that house of his. Then the Lord of the sheep called some from among
84

52 the sheep and sent them to the sheep, but the sheep began to slay them. •However,
one of them was not killed but escaped alive" and fled away; he cried aloud to the
4 c4 d4

sheep, and they wanted to kill him, but the Lord of the sheep rescued him from the
53 sheep and caused him to ascend to me and settle down. »He sent many other sheep
54 to those sheep to testify to them and to lament over them. •Thereafter I saw that,
when they abandoned the house of the Lord and his tower, they went astray completely,
and their eyes became blindfolded. Then I saw the Lord of the sheep, how he executed
much slaughter upon them, in their flocks, until those sheep (began to) invoke that e4

55 slaughter, and he vindicated* his place." *He left them in the hands of the lions,
f4 4 4

leopards, and wolves, hyenas, as well as in the hands of the foxes and to all the wild i4

beasts; and these wild beasts of the wilderness began to tear those sheep into pieces.
56 I saw how he left that house of theirs and that tower of theirs and cast all of them

i3. Text is difficult. C: "at times their eyes were v3. Lit. " a n d . "
opened and at times dim-sighted." w3. B: "tower." C omits both.
j3. So C. Cf. the Vatican Gk. fragment. A and B x3. Lit. "upon that house."
read "till arose the Lord of the sheep . . . " y3. Lit. "built upon that house."
k3. A: "from here." B C: "from here and from z3. So B and C. A: "a full tower."
here." a4. B C: "their house."
13. C: "whose eyes were opened." b4. Lit. "he was safe and was not killed."
m3. Lit. " w h o . " c4. So B and C. A reads hanasa, "he built,"
n3. G: " l a m b . " instead of qanasa.
o3. G: " l a m b . " d4. B C: " o v e r . "
p3. C: "that ram." e4. All MSS: "call it by name," "summon."
q3. Lit. "by themselves alone." f4. B C : " t h e y . "
r3. So B and C (cf. G). A: "he replied . . . " g4. Or "he caused to return," "he caused to give
s3. So B and C. G: "lord." A: " p l a c e , " or back," "he handed over," "he righted."
"location . . . " h4. A wrongly reads mdkano.
t3. Lit. "latter." i4. Lit. " u p o n , " " o v e r . "
u3. G reads "led the sheep."
 into the hands of the lions—(even) into the hands of all the wild beasts—so that they
57 may tear them into pieces and eat them. •Then I began to cry aloud with all my
strength and to call upon the Lord of the lions' and to reveal to him concerning the
4

58 sheep, for he had fed them to all the wild beasts. • But he remained quiet and happy
k4 14 014

because they were being devoured, swallowed, and snatched; so he abandoned them
59 into the hands of all the wild beasts for food. *He then summoned seventy shepherds
and surrendered" those sheep to them so that they might pasture them. He spoke to
4

the shepherds and their colleagues, "From now on, let each and every one of you
60 graze the sheep; and do everything which I command you. •! shall hand them over
to you duly counted and tell you which among them are" to be destroyed; and you
04 4

61 shall destroy them!" So he handed over those sheep to them. Then calling another
04 #

(group of shepherds), he told them, "Take notice and see everything which the
shepherds will do to those sheep; for they will destroy from among them a greater
62 number than those which I have commanded them. «You write down every excess
and destruction that will be wrought through the shepherds —how many they destroy
r4

according to my command, and how many they will destroy of their own accord!
Write down every destruction that each and every shepherd causes, against their
63 records! And read aloud before me each particular case" —how many they destroy
# 4

and how many they give over to destruction—so that this may become a testimony
for me against them, so that I may know all the deeds of the shepherds, (and) so that
I may evaluate them and see what they do, whether they act according to my
14 4 v4

64 command which I have commanded them or not. «If they do not know it, do not w4

reveal it to them, neither admonish them, but write down every destruction caused
by the shepherds—for each and every one in his appointed time —and elevate all
x4 y4

65 of it to me." • And I saw till those shepherds in their appointed time pastured (the
sheep) and began killing and destroying many in excess of what they had been
66 commanded; and they abandoned those sheep into the hands of the lions. »So the lions
and the leopards ate and devoured the majority of those sheep; the wild boars also ate
67 along with them. Then they burned that tower and plowed that house. And I became #

exceedingly sorrowful on account of that tower, for that house of the sheep was being
plowed; thereafter I was unable to see whether those sheep could enter that house.

From the destruction of Jerusalem to the return from exile

68 So the shepherds and their colleagues handed over those sheep to all the wild beasts
so that they might devour them. At the appointed time, each one among them (the
shepherds) receives (the sheep) in a fixed number; and each one among them (the
shepherds) hands them (the sheep) over to the other (the colleague) in a fixed number/ 4

(Then) they shall write down for the other (the colleague) in a book how many among
35

69 them (the sheep) would perish. •Each and every one of them kills and destroys in
excess of their order. So I began to weep and cry aloud on account of those sheep.
70 In this manner I saw that writer" in my vision—how he writes down that which was
5

destroyed by those shepherds, every day, and (how) he elevates, puts down, and
shows the whole book to the Lord of the sheep; everything that each one has done;
everything that each and every one of them has eliminated; and everything that they

j4. B C: "Lord of the sheep." t4. I accept Charles's emendation of the Eth.
k4. A: "you shall devour all the wild beasts," 'watenomu to 'emaienomu. Cf. EC, p. 179, n. 13.
which could read with the adjustment of the verb u4. So B and C. A reads instead "to those."
"you have fed them to all the wild beasts." B C: v4. B C: "they [abide] dwell."
"They are eaten by the wild beasts." w4. B C: "And they do not know."
14. B and C add "while seeing." x4. Lit. "of the."
m4. Lit. "he rejoiced." y4. Lit. "in his [its] time."
n4. Lit. "cast [threw] a w a y , " "left." z4. So A. B and C omit "they hand them over in
o4. Or "particularized," "numbered." Lit. "in a fixed number."
number."
p4. Lit. " i s . " a5. A has an additional "and the book," B and
q4. So B and C. A not intelligible. C have an additional "in the book" dangling at the
r4. So B and C. A: "to the shepherds." opening of this sentence.
s4. Lit. "in number." b5. B C: "the one who writes d o w n . "
71 have given over to destruction. 'The book was read before the Lord of the sheep; and
he took it from his hand, read it, sealed it, and laid it down.
72 Thereafter I saw the shepherds pasturing for twelve hours: behold, three of those
sheep returning, arriving, entering, and beginning to build all (the parts) of that house
which had fallen down! The wild boars came and tried to hinder them but were
c5

unsuccessful.

From the return of the exiles to the beginning of the hellenistic period
73 They again began to build as before; and they raised up that tower which is called
the high tower. But they started to place a table before the tower, with all the food
74 which is upon it being polluted and impure. • Regarding all these matters, the eyes
of the sheep became so dim-sighted that they could not see —and likewise in respect
d5

to their shepherds—and they were delivered** to their shepherds for an excessive

75 destruction, so that the sheep were trampled upon and eaten/ •The Lord of the sheep
5

remained silent until all the sheep were dispersed into the woods and got mixed among
76 the wild beasts, —and could not be rescued" from the hands of the beasts. The one
85 5 -

who was writing a book elevated and showed it and read the grave words of the Lord
of the sheep. He then pleaded to him and begged him on account of the sheep,
15 j5

while manifesting to him all the deeds of the shepherds and giving testimony before
77 him against all the shepherds. *Then taking it, he placed that very book beside him
in this manner and departed.
k5

1 90 Then I saw after that how thirty-seven" shepherds were pasturing (the sheep); all
a

of them completed (their duties) in their own respective periods, like the former ones;
and aliens took (the sheep) into their hands in order to pasture them in their own
2 respective periods—each shepherd in his own period. • After that I saw with my own
eyes all the birds of heaven—eagles, vultures, kites, and ravens—coming; the eagles
c

were the ones who were leading all the birds; and they began to eat those sheep, to
3 dig out their eyes, and to eat their flesh. •Then the sheep cried aloud, for their flesh
was being eaten by the birds. I, too, cried aloud and lamented in my sleep on account
4 of that shepherd who was grazing the sheep. • I kept seeing till those sheep were eaten
by the dogs, the eagles, and the kites; and they left neither flesh, nor skin, nor sinew
on them absolutely, until their bones stood there bare; then their bones fell to the
5 ground, and the sheep became few. • I kept seeing till twenty-three shepherds pastured 0

(the sheep), and all of them completed fifty-eight seasons in their own respective
periods.

From the Maccabean revolt to the establishment of the messianic kingdom

6 Then, behold lambs were born from those snow-white sheep; and they began to
7 open their eyes and see, and cried aloud to the sheep. • But as for the sheep, they (the
lambs) cried aloud to them, yet they (the sheep) did not listen to what they (the
6

lambs) were telling them but became exceedingly deafened, and their eyes became
8 exceedingly dim-sighted/ •Then I saw in a vision ravens flying above those lambs,
9 and they seized one of those lambs; and then smashing the sheep, they ate them. »I
kept seeing till those lambs grew horns; but the ravens crushed their horns. Then I 8

c5. B and C omit " c a m e . " 90 a. B and C add "in this manner."
d5. Lit. ". . . became dim-sighted and could not b. Charles suggests emending this to "thirty-
see." five." EC, p. 181, n. 37.
e5. Lit. "they delivered them." c. So A. B: "in a vision." C: "in my vision."
f5. Lit. "they trampled upon the sheep and ate d. So B. A and C omit "shepherds." A is partially
them." corrupt and reads Sega, "flesh," instead of 'esra,
g5. Lit. "they were joined together with them." "twenty."
h5. Lit. "they could not rescue them." e. B: "But the sheep cried aloud to them." C:
i5. So A. B: " . . . he read it in the houses of the "But they oppressed them." Cf. EC, p. 183, n. 2.
Lord of the sheep." C: ". . . he read it before the f. A adds "and he pondered."
Lord of the sheep." g. B C: "fell."
j5. Lit. "on their account."
k5. B and C omit "in this manner."
 kept seeing till one great horn sprouted on one of those sheep, and he opened their
10 eyes; and they had vision in them and their eyes were opened. H e cried aloud to
h 4 j #

11 the sheep, and all the rams saw him and ran unto him. In spite of this, all those
#

eagles, vultures, ravens, and kites until now continue to rip the sheep, swooping
down upon them and eating them. As for the sheep, they remain silent; but the rams
12 are lamenting and crying aloud. •Those ravens gather and battle with him (the horned
k

ram) and seek to remove his horn, but without any success. 1

13 I saw thereafter the shepherds coming; and those vultures" and kites cried aloud
to the ravens so that they should smash the horn of that ram. But he battled with
them, and they fought each other;" and he cried aloud, while battling with them, so
0

u that (God's) help should come. *I kept seeing till that man, who writes down the
names of the shepherds and elevates them before the Lord of the sheep, came; it is
he who helped him and revealed (to him) everything; thus help came down for that
0 r

15 ram. *And I kept seeing till the Lord of the sheep came upon them in wrath, and all
s 1

16 who saw him fled and fell all into darkness," from before his face. - All the eagles,
vultures, ravens, and kites gathered, with all the sheep of the field lining up with
them; and having thus come together in unity, all of them cooperated in order to
v

17 smash the horn of the ram. • I saw that man who was writing a book by the command
w x

of the Lord, for he opened* that book (of) the destruction which those twelve last
shepherds caused; and he revealed before the Lord of the sheep that they had much
18 greater destruction than their predecessors. »I kept seeing till the Lord of the sheep
came unto them and took in his hand the rod of his wrath and smote the earth; and 2

all the beasts and all the birds of the heaven fell down from the midst of those sheep
19 and were swallowed up in the earth, and it was covered upon them. •Then I saw 32

that" a great sword was given to the sheep; and the sheep proceeded against all the
2

beasts of the field in order to kill them; and all the beasts and birds of heaven fled
from before their face.
20 Then I kept seeing till a throne was erected in a pleasant land; and he sat upon c2

it for the Lord of the sheep; and he took all* the sealed books and opened those
02 e2 2

21 very books in the presence of the Lord of the sheep. •Then the Lord called those
people, the seven first snow-white ones, and ordered them to bring before him (some)
from among the first star(s) that arose,« and from among those stars" whose sexual
2 2

organs were like those of the horses,' as well as (that) first star which had fallen
2

22 down earlier. And they brought them all before him. »He spoke to the man who was
j2

writing in his presence—that (man) being one of those seven snow-white ones—
saying, "Take those seven shepherds to whom I had handed over the sheep, but who
k2

23 decided to kill many more than they were ordered." • Behold, I saw all of them
12

24 bound; and they all stood before him. «Then his judgment took place. First among
the stars, they received their judgment and were found guilty, and they went to the

h. B C: "their eyes were opened." z. B and C add "and the earth was rent asunder."
i. Text may be corrupt. B and C read "and he a2. F. Martin suggests that vss. 13-15 and 1 6 -
looked at [in] them." 18 are doublets. See Le livre a"Henoch (Paris, 1906),
j . Possibly a repetition due to a scribal error, p. 228.
k. B C: "combat," "contest." b2. B C : "till."
1. Lit. "they could not." c2. So B and C. A omits " i n , " and reads "pleas-
m. B C: "until." ant" in the plural.
n. B and C read "the eagles" before "those d2. So B and C. A reads "upon them."
vultures." e2. So A. B and C read "the Lord of the sheep
o. B: "And he battled with him. " sat upon it."
p. C: "and they battled and fought with him." f2. Charles suggests emending the text to read
q. C adds "and saved him. " "the other one took," changing "all" to "other."
r. Lit. "and. " B omits " a n d ." EC, p. 185, n. 25.
s. C has been emended to read "and he revealed g2. So A. B and C read "from the first star that
to that lamb an army." Cf. EC, p. 184, n. 26. preceded."
t. B C: " t o . " h2. Lit. "and from those stars." B and C omit
u. B: "into his shadow." C: "into shadow." "and."
v. Lit. "coming together with them." i2. Lit. "like the sexual organs of the horses."
w. B and C read "that horn." j2. C: "that came out."
x. Lit. " w o r d ." k2. B C: "seventy."
y. B C: "until he opened." 12. B C: "many more than I commanded them."
 place of condemnation; and they were thrown*" into an abyss, full of fire and flame"
2 2

25 and full of the pillar of fire. •Then those seventy shepherds" were judged and found
2 2

26 guilty; and they were cast into that fiery abyss. »In the meantime 1 saw how another 02

abyss like it, full of fire, was opened wide in the middle of the ground; and they
r2

brought those blinded sheep, all of which were judged, found guilty, and cast into
27 this fiery abyss, and they were burned—the abyss is to the right of that house; -thus
s2

I saw those sheep while they were burning—their bones also were burning.
28 Then I stood still, looking at that ancient house being transformed: All the pillars
and all the columns' were pulled out;" and the ornaments of that house were packed
2 2

and taken out together with them and abandoned in a certain* place in the South
v2 2

29 of the land. I went on seeing until the Lord of the sheep brought about a new house,
-

greater and loftier than the first one, and set it up in the first location which had been
covered up—all its pillars were new, the columns new; and the ornaments new asx2

well as greater than those of the first, (that is) the old (house) which was gone. All y2

the sheep were within it.

30 Then I saw all the sheep that had survived as well as all the animals upon the earth
and the birds of heaven, falling down and worshiping those sheep, making petition
22

31 to them and obeying them in every respect. 'Thereafter, those three who were
33

wearing snow-white (clothes), the former ones who had caused me to go up, grabbed
me by my hand—also the hand of that ram holding me—and I ascended;" they set 3

me down in the midst of those sheep prior to the occurrence of this judgment. c3

32 Those sheep were all snow-white, and their wool considerable and clean. • All those
33
which have been destroyed and dispersed, and all the beasts of the field and the birds
of the sky were gathered together in that house; and the Lord of the sheep rejoiced
34 with great joy because they had all become gentle and returned to his house. I went #

on seeing until they had laid down that sword which was given to the sheep; they
returned it to the house and sealed it in the presence of the Lord. All the sheep were
35 invited to that house but it could not contain them (all). »The eyes of all of them
03

were opened, and they saw the beautiful things; not a single one existed among them
36 that could not see. Also I noticed that the house was large, wide, and exceedingly
e3 B

full.
37 Then I saw that a snow-white cow was born, with huge horns; all the beasts of the
field and all the birds of the sky feared him and made petition to him all the time.
38 I went on seeing until all their kindred were transformed, and became snow-white
cows; and the first among them became something," and that something became a
great beast with huge black horns on its head. The Lord of the sheep rejoiced over
39 it and over all the cows. *I myself became satiated" in their midst. Then I woke up
g3 3

and saw everything.

40 This is the vision which I saw while I was sleeping. Then I woke up and blessed
41 the Lord of righteousness and gave him glory. 'And I wept with a great weeping, and
my tears could not stop, till I had no more endurance left, but flowed down' on 3

account of what I had seen until everything should come and be fulfilled. The deeds
j3

m2. Lit. "they threw them." a3. Lit. "in every word."
n2. B C: "it was flaming." b3. B C: "they elevated m e . "
o2. C: "pillars." c3. B and C omit " t h i s . "
p2. Cf. above, vs. 22, "seven shepherds." d3. So B and C. A omits "house. "
q2. Lit. "at that time." e3. So B and C. A, apparently erroneously, reads
r2. Lit. "one abyss." "that could s e e . "
s2. Lit. "that abyss [pit]. * * f3. Lit. "a thing," "a word," "a deed." Charles
t2. Lit. "trees," "planted things." suggests nagar to be a misreading of Gk. rhem,
u2. Lit. "they pulled out." which was a transliteration of Heb. r em. Cf. EC,
y

v2. Lit. "they took them out and abandoned p. 188, n. 38.
them." g3. Lit. "over them."
w2. Lit. " o n e . " h3. B C: "I slept."
x2. Lit. "the planted things n e w , " omitted by B i3. B and C read "when I s a w , " instead of "but
and C. flowed d o w n . "
y2. B C: "which he had taken out." j3. So A. B C: "because."
z2. Or "kneeling down t o . "
42 of the people were also shown to me, each according to its type. *On that night I
remembered the first dream and wept on its account, and I was restless because I had
(just) seen that vision.

Book V (91-107)*
The Two Ways of the Righteous and the Sinner
Including the Apocalypse of Weeks

Enoch's admonition to his children

1 91 Now, my son Methuselah, (please) summon all your brothers on my behalf, and
B

gather together to me all the sons of your mother; for a voice calls me, and the spiritc

is poured over me so that I may show you everything that shall happen to you forever.
2 Then Methuselah went and summoned his brothers, and having summoned them to
3 him, gathered his family together. 'Then he (Enoch) spoke to all of them, children
0

of righteousness, and said, "Hear, all you children of Enoch, the talk of your father 6

4 and listen to my voice in uprightness; • for I exhort you, (my) beloved, and say to you:
f

Love uprightness, and it alone. Do not draw near uprightness with an ambivalent
8

attitude," and neither associate with hypocrites. But walk in righteousness, my children,
1

5 and it shall lead you in the good paths; and righteousness shall be your friend. *For
I know that the state of violence will intensify upon the earth; a great plague shall be
executed upon the earth; all (forms of) oppression^ will be carried out; and everything
6 shall be uprooted;" and every arrow shall fly fast. •Oppression shall recur once more
1

and be carried out upon the earth; every (form of) oppression, injustice, and iniquity
7 shall infect" (the world) twofold. •When sin, oppression, blasphemy, and injustice
1

increase," crime, iniquity, and uncleanliness shall be committed" and increase (like-
0

wise). Then a great plague shall take place from heaven upon all these; the holy Lord
shall emerge with wrath and plague in order that he may execute judgment upon the
8 earth. • In those days, injustice shall be cut off from its (sources of succulent) fountain * 4

and from its roots—(likewise) oppression together with deceit; they shall be destroyed'
9 from underneath heaven. • All that which is (common) with the heathen shall be
surrendered; the towers shall be inflamed with fire, and be removed' from the whole
5

earth. They" shall be thrown into the judgment of fire, and perish in wrath and in the
10 force of the eternal judgment. Then the righteous one shall arise from his sleep, and
#

11 the wise one shall arise; and he shall be given unto them (the people), »and through
v

91 a. According to A the fifth Book of Enoch begins "oscillatingpersons," "double-dealingpersons"; lit.

at 92:1. "those who walk (B and C omit "walk"] with two
b. Charles, in APOT, vol. 2, p. 260, suggests heart(s)."
rearranging chs. 9 1 - 1 0 4 ; he takes 93:1-10 and 9 1 : 1 2 - j . So B and C. A omits "all oppression."
17 as an earlier fragment of the Apocalypse of Weeks k. Lit. "everything shall be cut off from its roots."
and gives the order 92 + 91:1-10 , 18f., 9 3 : 1 - 1 0 , So A. B and C read "all oppression shall be carried
91:12-17, 9 4 - 1 0 4 . Milik (The Books of Enoch, out [or "completed"] and it shall be cut off from its
p. 267) also thinks that 91:12-17 followed 9 3 : 3 - 1 0 . roots."
c. Or "word." 1. So A. B C: "every building shall pass."
d. So A. B and C read "Then Methuselah went m. Lit. " s e i z e . " B C: "shall be seized."
and summoned all his brothers to him and gathered n. B and C add "in all deeds."
his relatives together.'' o. Or "apostasy."
e. So A. B and C read "Hear, children of Enoch, p. So A. B and C read instead "in all deeds."
all the talk of your father." q. Or "drink." B and C omit "drink," "foun-
f. Eth. *af, lit. "mouth." It can also mean "word," tain."
" v o i c e , " "speech." B and C read "the word of my r. C omits "shall be destroyed."
mouth." s. Or "palaces," "castles."
g. So A. B and C read "Love uprightness and t. Lit. "they shall be taken out," "uprooted."
walk in it." u. Text ambiguous: the heathen or the towers?
h. Lit. "with a double heart." v. B C: "wisdom shall arise."
i. Or "two-faced persons," "indecisive persons,"
 him the roots of oppression shall be cut off. Sinners shall be destroyed; by the sword
they shall be cut off (together with) the blasphemers in every place;* and those who
w

design oppression and commit blasphemy shall perish by the knife.*

12 4
Then after that there shall occur the second eighth week —the week of z a2

righteousness. A sword shall be given to it in order that judgment shall be executed

02 c2

in righteousness * on the oppressors, and sinners shall be delivered into the hands of
0 2

13 the righteous. «At its completion, they shall acquire great things through their e2

righteousness. A house shall be built for the Great King in glory for evermore. 12

14 "Then after that in the ninth week the righteous judgment shall be revealed to the
g2

whole world." All the deeds of the sinners shall depart from upon the whole earth,
2 12

and be written off for eternal destruction;' and all people shall direct their sight to the
2

path of uprightness.
15 "Then, after this matter," on the tenth week in the seventh part, there shall be
12 m2

the eternal judgment;" and it shall be executed by° the angels" of the eternal heaven—
2 2 2

16 the great (judgment) which emanates from all of the angels. •The first heaven shall 02

depart and pass away; a new heaven shall appear; and all the powers of heaven shall r2

shine forever sevenfold.

2

n "Then after that there shall be many weeks without number forever; it shall be
12

(a time) of goodness and righteousness, and sin shall no more be heard of" forever, 2

is "Now I shall speak unto you, my children, and show you the ways of righteousness
and the ways of wickedness. Moreover, I shall make a revelation to you so that you
19 may know that which is going to take place. Now listen to me, my children, and
#

walk in the way of righteousness, and do not walk in the way of wickedness, for all
those who walk in the ways of injustice shall perish/'

I 92 (Book) five, which is written by Enoch, the writer" of all the signs of wisdom
8 c

among all the people. He is blessed and noble in all the earth. (It is written) for all
0 e f

the offspring that dwell upon the earth, and for the latter generations which uphold"
8

uprightness and peace.

w. So B and C. A reads "they shall cut off." 12. Or "sabbath."

x. Text corrupt. "The blasphemers" added as an m2. Lit. " a n d . "
afterthought. n2. 4QEn«: "an eternal judgment and the [fixed]
y. 4QEn : "And they will have rooted out the
e
time of the great judgment."
foundations of violence and the structure of falsehood o2. Lit. "from."
therein to execute [judgment]." p2. Lit. "Watchers."
z. Or "the second eighth sabbath," "another q2. Text may be corrupt. B reads "and it shall be
eighth sabbath," "another eighth week," "second executed from the Watchers; and the great, eternal
[another] eighth rest." Following possible influence peace which emanates from the midst of the angels."
from other Eth. languages, the phrase can also be C reads: "and it shall be executed from the Watchers
translated: "the second week shall be a sabbath of the eternal heaven; the great (judgment) in which
[rest]," "there shall be a sabbath the second week." he will execute vengeance among the angels.'' 4QEn?:
a2. Or "the sabbath," "the rest." "an eternal Judgement and the (fixed) time of the
b2. B and C omit 'the week.'' 4QEn*: "the eighth
4
Great Judgement [shall be executed in ven-
week." geance . . . ] . " Milik (The Books of Enoch, p. 267).
c2. Or " h i m . " 4QEn*: "[a sword] shall be given r2. B: "the powers of the heavens." C: "the
to all the righteous." Milik (The Books of Enoch, power of the heavens."
p. 266). s2. C omits "forever." 4QEn*: "of heaven shall
d2. B: "judgment and righteousness shall be ex- rise for all eternity Iwith sevenfold] brightness."
ecuted." C: "a righteous judgment." 4QEn«: "to Milik (The Books of Enoch, p. 267).
exact a righteous judgement from all the wicked." t2. Or "sabbaths."
Milik (The Books of Enoch, p. 266f.). u2. Lit. "spoken," "told."
e2. B and C read "houses" instead of "great
things." EMML 2080: " g o o d s . " 4QEn*: "riches." 92 a. See ch. 9 1 , n. a. Other MSS omit "five."
f2. 4QEn*: "a royal Temple of the Great One in Charles's g has "book" in the opening phrase.
his glorious splendor, for all generations, forever." b. C reads "he wrote."
g2. Or "sabbath." c. B: "the learning of."
h2. 4QEn«: "for all the children of the whole d. 4QEn*, following Milik, The Books of Enoch,
earth." p. 260: "the wisest of m e n . "
i2. 4QEn«: "all the wonders (of impiety)." e. Or "judge."
j2. Or "hell." B C: "the world shall be written f. Lit. " a n d . "
for destruction." 4QEn«: "and they will be cast into g. Lit. "children." B C: "my children."
the [eternal] Pit." Milik (The Books of Enoch, h. Lit. " d o , " "perform," "accomplish," "ob-
p. 267). serve."
k2. C: "after this."
2 Let not your spirit be troubled by the times, for the Holy and Great One has
3 designated (specific) days for all things. •The Righteous One shall awaken from his
1

sleep; he shall arise and walk in the ways of righteousness; and all the way of his
J

4 conduct" shall be in goodness and generosity forever. • He will be generous to the

Righteous One, and give him eternal uprightness; he will give authority, and judge
5 in kindness and righteousness; and they shall walk in eternal light. • Sin and darkness
1 m

shall perish" forever, and shall no more be seen from that day forevermore.

The Apocalypse of Weeks

1 93 Then after that Enoch happened to be recounting from the books. •And Enoch 3

2
said, "Concerning the children of righteousness, concerning the elect ones of the
world, and concerning the plant of truth, I will speak these things, my children,
b

verily I, Enoch, myself, and let you know (about it) according to that which was
revealed to me from the heavenly vision, that which I have learned from the words
3 of the holy angels, and understood from the heavenly tablets.*' «He then began to c

recount from the books and said, "I was born the seventh during the first week, d

4 during which time judgment and righteousness continued to endure. • After me there
shall arise in the second week great and evil things*/ deceit should grow,* and therein
e

the first consummation will take place. But therein (also) a (certain) man shall be
saved. After it is ended, injustice shall become greater, and he shall make a law for h

the sinners.
5 "Then after that at the completion of the third week a (certain) man shall be elected
1

as the plant of the righteous judgments and after him one (other) shall emerge" as k 1 1

the eternal plant of righteousness.

6 "After that at the completion of the fourth week" visions of the old and righteous
ones shall be seen; and a law shall be made with a fence," for all the generations.
7 "After that in the fifth week," at the completion of glory, a house and a kingdom 0

shall be built.
8 "After that in the sixth week those who happen to be in it shall all of them be
r

blindfolded, and the hearts of them all shall forget wisdom. Therein, a (certain) man
shall ascend. And, at its completion, the house of the kingdom shall be burnt with 5

fire; and therein the whole clan of the chosen root shall be dispersed.
9 "After that in the seventh week an apostate generation shall arise; its deeds shall
10 be many, and all of them criminal. At its completion, there shall be elected the elect
u #

ones of righteousness from the eternal plant of righteousness, to whonr shall be given
v

sevenfold instruction* concerning all his flock.*

11 "For what kind of a human being is there that is able to hear the voice of the Holy
2

i. Lit. " g a v e . " m. B: "he shall c o m e . "

j . Lit. " p a s s , " "traverse." n. Or "sabbath."
k. B C: "his way and his conduct." o. Or "with an enclosure." Charles (APOT, vol. 2,
1. B C: "and become in kindness." p. 263) thinks the enclosure to be Palestine; Ethiopian
m. B: " h e . " commentators, "the fence of the Tabernacle." But
n. B C: "sin shall perish in darkness." the key to the text may be m.Ab 1:1.
p. Or "sabbath."
q. So A. B and C read "at the completion of the
93 a. B: "it happened (that) Enoch began to recount fifth sabbath, a house of glory."
from the books." C: "Enoch gave me and seized me r. Or "sabbath."
[or "began"] to recount from the books." s. Or "the palace."
b. According to Ethiopian commentators, Isaac. t. Or "sabbath."
c. B C: Enoch. u. Lit. "all its d e e d s . "
d. Or "sabbath." v. 4QEn«, following Milik (The Books of Enoch,
e. Or "sabbath." p. 266): "there shall be chosen the elect, for witness
f. B C: "great evil (things)." to righteousness."
g. Or "sprout," "germinate." w. So B and C. A reads erroneously 'alia, "but,"
h. C: "a law shall be made." instead of 'elta.
i. Or "sabbath." x. Or "learning," "knowledge." 4QEn*: "wis-
j . Abraham, according to Ethiopian commenta- dom and knowledge."
tors. y. Or " f o l d , " "acquisition," "possession." B
k. Or "thereafter." Cf. EC, p. 195, n. 6, for and C read "all his creation." 4QEn* omits "con-
another interpretation. cerning all his flock."
1. This reading follows Ethiopian commentators z. Lit. " w ho is it, every son of man." B C:
who consider Isaac as this other one. "every son of the people."
 One without being shaken? Who is there that is able to ponder his (deep) thoughts?
12 Who is there that can look directly at all the good deeds? - What kind of a person
32 02

is he that can (fully) understand the activities of heaven, so that he can see a soul, c2

or even perhaps a spirit—or, even if he ascended (into the heavens) and saw all (these
heavenly beings and) their wings and contemplated them; or, even if he can do
d2 62

13 (what the heavenly beings) do?°—and is able to live? What kind of a person is 82 #

anyone that is able to understand the nature" of the breadth and length of the earth?
2

14 To whom has the extent* of all these* been shown? *Is there perchance any human
2 2

being that is able to understand the length of heaven, the extent of its altitude,
k2 12

upon what it is founded, the number of the stars, and (the place) where" all the 12

luminaries rest?

Enoch's advice to his children and to the righteous

1 94 "Now, my children, 1 say to you: Love righteousness and walk therein! For the
3

ways of righteousness are worthy of being embraced; (but) the ways of wickedness
2 shall soon perish and diminish. To (certain) known persons, the ways of injustice
#

and death shall be revealed as soon as they are born;" and they shall keep themselves
3 at a distance from (those ways) and would not follow them. »Now to you, those
righteous ones, I say: Do not walk in the evil way, or in the way of death! Do not
4 draw near to them lest you be destroyed! • But seek for yourselves and choose
righteousness and the elect life! Walk in the way of peace so that you shall have life
5 and be worthy! 'Hold fast my words in the thoughts of your hearts; and let them not
be erased from your hearts! For I do know that sinners will counsel the people to
perform evil craft; and every place will welcome it, and every advice (of the sinners)
c d c

may not diminish.

Woes unto the sinners

6 "Woe unto those who build oppression and injustice!
Who lay foundations for deceit.
They shall soon be demolished;
and they shall have no peace.
7 Woe unto those who build their houses with sin!
For they shall all be demolished from their foundations;
and they shall fall by the sword.
Those who amass gold and silver;
f 8

they shall quickly be destroyed.

8 Woe unto you, O rich people!
For you have put your trust in your wealth.
You shall ooze out" of your riches,
for you do not remember the Most High.
9 In the days of your affluence, you committed oppression, 1

you have become ready for death, and for the day of darkness and the
day of great judgment. j

a2. Or "beautiful." 94 a. 4QEn«: "my s o n s . "

b2. B C: "at the heavenly deeds." b. B C: "from a generation."
c2. C reads "What kind of a person is he that can c. Lit. "evil wisdom. " The expression could also
look directly into heaven and who is he that can be translated "evil magic," "evil deceit," "evil
understand . . . ?" cunning."
d2. Or " w i n g s , " "borders," "corners," "lim- d. Lit. "receive her." B C: "no place will receive
its," "extensions," " s i d e s . " her."
e2. Or "think," "contemplate." e. B C: "every trouble," "every temptation."
f2. Lit. "do like them." f. Lit. "acquire."
g2. B C: "is able to tell." g. Or possibly "Those who build a fence of gold
h2. Lit. " h o w . " and silver around it."
i2. Or " s i z e , " "measure." 4QEn*: "shape." h. Lit. "come out," " e x i t . "
j2. Lit. "all of them." i. B C: "you committed blasphemy and oppres-
k2. Lit. "any man." sion."
12. Lit. " h o w . " j . B and C read "You have become ready for
m2. So B and C. A reads ye'eti, " s h e , " " i t , " slaughter (lit. "spilling blood"], for the day of
"this," instead of 'ayte. darkness and the day of great judgment."
10 Thus I speak and let you know:
For he who has created you, he will also throw you down upon your
own righteousness! 14

There shall be no mercy (for you). 1

11 And he, your Creator, shall rejoice at your destruction.

(O God), your righteous ones shall be a reproach" to the sinners and the
1

wicked.

Enoch's sorrow and more woes unto the sinners

1 95 "Who would induce my eyes like a cloud of waters;
8 b

that I may weep over you,

pouring my tears over you like a cloud of waters,
so I would rest from the sorrow of my heart!
2 Who permits you to engage in evil fight? c

Judgment will catch up with you, sinners. d

3 You righteous ones, fear not the sinners!

For the Lord will again deliver them into your hands,
so that you may carry out against them anything that you desire. 6

4 Woe unto you who pronounce anathemas so that they may be neutralized!*
f

(Salutary) remedy" is far from you, on account of your sins. 1

5 Woe unto you who reward* evil to your neighbors!

For you shall be rewarded in accordance with your deeds.
6 Woe unto you, witnesses of falsehood!
And unto those who prepare oppression!
For you shall perish soon.
7 Woe unto you, sinners, for you persecute the righteous!
For you shall be handed over and be persecuted through oppression.
Its yoke shall be heavy upon you.
k

Hope for the righteous ones, more woes for the sinners
1 96 "Be hopeful, you righteous ones, for the sinners shall soon perish from
before your presence.
You shall be given authority upon them, such (authority) as you may
3

wish (to have).

2 In the day of the tribulation of the sinners,
your children shall be raised high up and be made openly visible like 15

eagles,
higher* than the vultures will your dwelling place be,
you shall ascend and enter the crevices of the earth and the clefts of the
rock forever,
like squirrels, before the face of the oppressors,
the sirens shall be blown over you,
wailing like the buzzing of wild bees.
3 But you, who have experienced pain, fear not,
for there shall be a healing medicine for you,
k. B and C omit "upon your own righteousness." neutralized."
See next n. h. Lit. "medicine," "cure," "drug that either
1. B and C read "Upon your fall there shall be no' heals or hurts."
mercy." i. At this point A adds "the matter [the word] is
m. B and C add "in those days. " where it has been left." This phrase is not found in
B, C, other MSS used by Charles, or those that I
95 a. Lit. " g i v e . " have seen.
b. B C: "to be like." j . Lit. " p a y , " "repay."
c. Or "evil hate." B C: "hate and e v i l . " k. Lit. "Her y o k e . "
d. Text unclear.
e. Lit. " a l l . " B and C read "judgment."
f. Lit. "anathematize anathemas." 96 a. Lit. "There shall be authority to y o u . "
g. Lit. "unbound," "untied," "unfastened," b. B C: "be raised high up and rise."
"loosened." B and C read " s o that they may not be c. Lit. "exceeding. "
 a bright light shall enlighten you,
and a voice of rest you shall hear from heaven.
Woe unto you, you sinners!
For your money makes you appear like the righteous,
but your hearts do reprimand you like real sinners,
this very matter shall be a witness against you, as a record of your evil
deeds.
Woe unto you who eat the best bread! d

And drink wine in large bowls, e

trampling upon the weak people with your might.

f

Woe unto you who have water available to you all the time, g

for soon you shall be consumed and wither away,

for you have forsaken the fountain of life.
Woe unto you who carry out oppression, deceit, and blasphemy!
There shall be a record of evil against you.
Woe unto you, O powerful people! h

You who coerce the righteous with your power,

4

the day of your destruction is coming!

j

In those days, at the time of your condemnation,

k

many and good days shall come for the righteous ones.

The sorrowful end of sinners, oppressors, and the rich;

and more woes to them
97 "Be confident, you righteous ones!
For the sinners are due for a shame.
They shall perish on the day of (the judgment of) oppression.
Take for granted this (indisputable) matter,
3

for the Most High shall record your destruction for you (O sinners),
and the angels of heaven shall rejoice over your destruction.
What do you intend to do, you sinners,
whither will you flee on that day of judgment,
b

when you hear the sound of the prayer of the righteous ones?
(In respect to your lot), you shall become like them,
(the ones) against whom you shall become witness(es), c

such is the fact: You have become bedfellows with sinners.

d

In those days, the prayers of the righteous ones shall reach unto the Lord;
but for all of you, your days shall arrive. 6

He shall read aloud regarding every aspect of your mischief,

f

in the presence of the Great Holy One.

Then your faces shall be covered with shame,
and he will cast out every deed which is built upon oppression. 8

Woe unto you, sinners, who are in the midst of the sea and on the dry
land;
(you) whose records are (both) evil (and) against you. h

d. Lit. "the enriched [fattened] wheat." b. So B and C. A reads ye*eti, " s h e , " "she i s , "
e. I have followed in this case the emendation " i t , " "this," instead of *ayte.
suggested by Charles. See EC, p. 201, n. 8. The c. B: "(those) which becomes [sic] a witness
text is corrupt and reads "the strength of the root of against y o u . " C: "(those) which becomes [sic] a
the fountain." witness against them."
f. Lit. "the lowly o n e s . " d. Lit. "This is the matter."
g. Charles suggests emending the text: "who drink e. Lit. "But for you, the days of all of you shall
water from every fountain." See EC, p. 201, n. 10. arrive." B C : "but for you, the days of your judgment
h. Or "powerful o n e s . " shall arrive."
i. Or "force," "compel," "subject by force." f. B C: "It shall be read aloud."
j . A reads "until the day. " B and C read "for g. Cf. G. Nickelsburg, "Enoch 97-104: A Study
the day." of the Greek and Ethiopic Texts," Armenian and
k. Lit. "on the d a y ." Biblical Studies, ed. M. E. Stone, supplementary
vol. 1 to Sion (Jerusalem, 1976), p. 93.
97 a. Lit. "Let this become a well-known fact for h. Lit. "Whose records are evil—against you. "
you." GP; "There is an evil record against y o u . "
 Woe unto you who gain silver and gold by unjust means; 1

you will then say, 'We have grown rich* and accumulated goods,
we have acquired everything that we have desired.
So now let us do whatever we like;
for we have gathered silver,
we have filled our treasuries' (with money) like water.
1

And many are the laborers in our houses.'

1

Your lies flow like water. m

For your wealth shall not endure

but it shall take off from you quickly
for you have acquired it all unjustly,
and you shall be given over to a great curse.

Self-indulgence of the rich, origin of sins, more woes to sinners

98 "Now I swear unto you, to the wise and to the foolish, 3

for you shall see many (things) upon the earth. 5

For you men shall put on more jewelry than women, and more c d

multicolored* ornaments than a virgin.

5

In sovereignty, in grandeur, and in authority, (in) silver, in gold, in

clothing, in honor, and in edibles—
they shall be poured out like water/
For this reason, they are devoid of knowledge and wisdom, so they shall
perish thereby together with their goods and together with all their
8

glory and honor.

Then in dishonor, in slaughter, and in great misery, their spirits' shall 1

be cast away. 1

I have sworn unto you, sinners: In the same manner that a mountain has
never* turned into a servant, nor shall a hill (ever) become a
k

maidservant of a woman; likewise, neither has sin been exported 1

into the world. It is the people who have themselves invented it.
And those who commit it shall come under a great curse.
Why" is a woman not given (a child)?
1

On account of" the deeds of her own hands would she die without
children. 0

I swear to you, sinners, by the Holy Great One, that all your evil deeds
are revealedP in the heavens.
"None of your (deeds of injustice are covered and hidden. • Think not in your
spirit, nor say in your hearts)'' that you neither know nor see all our sins being r 8

i. Lit. "that which is not through justice [or i. B and C add "into the furnace." GP is defective.
" r i g h t " ] , " therefore, "unethically," "by violating j . Lit. " n o t . "
others' rights," "through wrongdoing." k. Lit. " b e c o m e . "
j . B, C , and GP: " 'We have become rich with 1. Lit. "sin has not been sent."
riches. "
1
m. B and C read "Barrenness'' instead of' 'Why.''
k. Lit. "storerooms." n. B and C read "But on account of."
1. GP reads 'good things.'' Nickelsburg (Armenian
4
o. GP adds a whole verse before this one and reads
and Biblical Studies, p. 93) suggests correctly that as follows: "Slavery was not given to a woman, but
GP may be more accurate than the Eth. His suggestion because of the works of her hands; for it is not
that the Eth. tradition is corrupted from herata is not ordained that a slave should become a slave. It was
convincing. The latter means "good persons," not not given from above, but it came about because of
"good things." oppression. Likewise neither was sin given from
m. GP; " Y O U err." above but from transgression. Likewise a woman was
98 a. GP; "not to the foolish." not created barren, but because of her wrongdoing
b. GP: "many iniquities." she was punished with barrenness, childless shall she
c. Or "ornaments," "adornments." die."
d. GP: " l i k e . " p. GP: "they will be revealed."
e. GP.- "fair color." q. So B, C , and GP. The whole passage in
f. GP reads "They shall have silver and gold for parentheses is missing from A, most probably due to
food, and in their houses they shall be poured out homoeoteleuton.
like water." r. G P reads "that they do not know and do not
g. GP: "you shall perish . . . with all your g o o d s . " see."
h. GP: "your spirits." s. B C : "every s i n . " GP: "your s i n s . "
8 written down every day in the presence of the Most High. •From now on do know
that all your injustices which you have committed unjustly are written down every 1

day until the day of your judgment.

9 "Woe unto you, fools, for you shall perish
through your folly!
You do not listen to" the wise, and you shall not receive good things/
10 And now do know that you are ready for the day
of destruction.
Hope not that you shall live, you sinners,
you who shall depart and die,
w

for you know for what (reason) you have been ready x

for the day of the great judgment,

for the day of anguish and great shame for your spirits.
11 Woe unto you obstinate of heart, who do evil and devour blood!
From where (will you find) good things that you may eat, drink, and be
satisfied?
Even from all the good things which the Lord, the Most High, stocked
in plenitude upon the whole earth?
No peace exists for you!
12 Woe unto you who love unrighteousness ! y

Why do you have hopes for good things for yourselves?

Do know that you shall be given over into the hands of the righteous
ones,
and they shall cut off your necks and slay you, and they shall not have
2

compassion upon you. 32

13 Woe unto you who rejoice in the suffering of the righteous ones!
For no grave shall be dug for you. b2

14
Woe unto you who would set at nought the words of the righteous ones!
For you shall have no hope of life. c2

15 Woe unto you who write down false words and words of wickedness ! d2

For they write down their lies so that they (the people) may commit
wicked acts, 62

and they cause others to commit wicked acts."

16 They shall have no peace, but shall die quickly.« 2

More woes unto the sinners

1 99 "Woe unto you who cause wickedness! 3

Who glorify and honor false words,b

you are lost, and you have no life of good things; 6

2 woe unto you who alter the words of truth d

and pervert the eternal law!

6 f

They reckon themselves not guilty of sin, 8

they shall be trampled on upon the earth.

t. So B, C , and GP. A reads "are arriving," "are d2. GP: "words of error."
coming." e2. B C : "their lies so that they hear them and
u. So B and GP. A: "You do not neglect." C : commit wicked acts." GP; "they write down and
"You do neglect." they will lead many astray by their l i e s . "
v. GP adds "evils (in) y o u . " f2. Sentence omitted by GP.
w. B and C read alta, "but," instead of ella. g2. GP: " Y O U yourselves err, and you shall have
x. B C : "For you know no ransom; for you are no joy; but you shall perish quickly."
ready."
y. B C : "the deeds of unrighteousness [oppres-
sion!." 99 a. GP: "wh o cause errors."
z. GP omits "they shall cut off your necks." b. C : "You glory and honor."
a2. Nickelsburg's suggestion (Armenian and Bib- c. GP: "salvation."
lical Studies, pp. 9 0 - 1 5 6 ) that mefjra is a corruption d. Or "uprightness."
for mehka is interesting and possible. But the dis- e. Or "abolish," "delete," "do violence t o . "
tinctions in the present context are minimal. f. GP.* "covenant."
b2. So B, C , and GP. A reads "be revealed." g. So B, C , and GP. A reads "They reckon
c2. GP; "hope of salvation." themselves guilty."
 "In those days, be ready, you righteous ones, to raise up your prayers as a memorial,
and place them as a testimony before the angels; and they (the angels) shall bring the
sins of the sinners for a memorial before the Most High. *In those days, the nations
shall be confounded, and the families of the nations shall rise in the day of the
destruction of the sinners. •In those days, they (the women) shall become pregnant,
h 1

but they (the sinners) shall come ouV and abort their infants and cast them out from
k

their midst; they shall (also) abandon their (other) children, casting their infants out
1 01

while they are still suckling. They shall neither return to them (their babes) nor have
compassion upon their beloved ones.
"Again I swear to you, you sinners, for sin has been prepared for the day of
unceasing blood. '(And those) who worship stones, and those who carve" images of
gold and of silver and of wood and of clay,° and those who worship evil spirits * and 1

demons, and all kinds of idols not according to knowledges they shall get no manner
of help in them/ •They shall become wicked on account of the folly of their hearts;
5

their eyes will be blindfolded on account of the fear of their hearts, the visions of
their dreams. «They shall become wicked and fearful through them, for they wrought
1

all their deeds in falsehood and worshiped stone; so they shall perish instantly." In #

those days, blessed are they all who accept the words of wisdom and understand
them, to foliow the path of the Most High; they shall walk in the path of his
v w

righteousness and not become wicked with the wicked; and they shall be saved.
"Woe unto you who spread evil to your neighbors!
For you shall be slain in Sheol.
Woe unto you who make sinful and deceitful measures!
Who acquire worldly knowledge,"
for you shall be consumed by it. y

Woe unto you who build your houses through the hard toil of others, 2

and your building materials are bricks and stones of sin,

I tell you, you have no peace.
32 b2

Woe unto you who reject the foundations' and the eternal inheritance
c2 12

of your (fore-) fathers!

Who shall pursue after the wind—the idol;
e2 12

for there shall be no rest for you/ 2

Woe unto you who engage in oppression and give aid to injustice!

h. GP: "of sin" or "of unrighteousness." B and read "no help will be found JA wrongly: "every
C have neither "of the sinners" nor "of s i n . " help will be found"] in them."
i. B: "those who become pregnant." C: "those s. A wrongly: "They shall not become wicked."
who become destitute." t. GP reads "and the visions of their dreams will
j . Nickelsburg (Armenian and Biblical Studies, lead you astray."
pp. 9 0 - 1 5 6 ) suggests ydwa^e'u, in agreement with u. G P reads "You and the lying works that you
the Gk. ekbalousin, "they shall cast out," instead have made and fashioned of stone, you shall perish
otyewas.e u.
y
together."
k. Nickelsburg (Armenian and Biblical Studies, v. Lit. "to d o . "
pp. 9 0 - 1 5 6 ) suggests "they shall sell," in agreement w. GP: "the commandments."
with G. Zuntz, "Enoch on the Last Judgement," x. Lit. "Those who know 1 learn] upon the earth."
JTS 45 (1944) 66. Eth. masit means "to pluck out," Text is not clear. B reads 'Those who become bitter
4

"to tear out," "to remove violently," "to carry upon the earth."
off," and "to rob." y. GP omits vss. 1 If.
I. B C: "they shall stumble," "they shall stam- z. GP: "not (by) their own labor."
mer. '' a2. GP; "you foolish m e n . "
m. GP has been restored to read "they that are b2. Cf. Nickelsburg, Armenian and Biblical Stud-
with child shall destroy their fruit." Nickelsburg ies, pp. 95f.
(Armenian and Biblical Studies, pp. 9 0 - 1 5 6 ) suggests c2. B C: "unto them."
"they shall abort [yadahesu] their fruit." d2. So A and GP. B C: "the measures." Other
n. So B, C, and GP. A wrongly: "who cast out." Eth. MSS: "princes."
o. GP adds: "and of stone." So does Tertullian e2. Lit. " T h e y . "
(De idolis 4). f2. Possibly this is a corruption for "the soul [or
p. Lit. "evil s o u l s . " "spirit"] of the idol [or "error"]." B and C read
q. Or possibly "even if not according to knowl- "Their souls shall follow after idols." GP reads " A
edge." B reads "of statues." spirit of error shall pursue y o u . "
r. Cf. GP and Tertullian (De idolis 4). B and C g2. So A and GP. B C: "no rest for them."
 Slaying your neighbors until the day of the great judgment,
because he shall debase your glory.
16 He will instill evil into your hearts.* 12

He will arouse the anger of his spirit,' 2

and destroy you all by the sword.

And all the holy and righteous ones shall remember your sins.

Final judgment of the sinners, the righteous, and the fallen angels. More woes.
1 100 "In those days, the father will be beaten together with his sons, in one place;
and brothers shall fall together with their friends, in death, until a stream shall flow
2 with their blood. »For a man shall not be able to withhold his hands from his sons a

nor from (his) sons' sons in order to kill them. Nor is it possible for the sinner to
b c

withhold his hands from his honored brother/ From dawn until the sun sets, they shall
3 slay each other/ •The horse shall walk through the blood of sinners up to his chest;
4 and the chariot shall sink down up to its top. »In those days, the angels shall descend
into the secret places. They shall gather together into one place all those who gave
aid to sin/ And the Most High will arise on that day of judgment in order to execute
5 a great judgment upon all the sinners/ H e will set a guard of holy angels over all
#

the righteous and holy ones, and they shall keep them as the apple of the eye until h

all evil and all sin are brought to an end. From that time on the righteous ones shall
1 j k

6 sleep a restful sleep, and there shall be no one to make them afraid. •Then the wise
1 m

people" shall see, and the sons of the earth shall give heed to all the words of this
book/ They shall know that their wealth shall not be able to save them at the place
where their sins shall collapse.
7 "Woe unto you, sinners, when you oppress?
the righteous ones, in the day of hard anguish,
and burn them<* with fire!
You shall be recompensed according to your deeds/
8 Woe unto you, you hard of heart,
who are watchful to devise evil! 8

Fear shall seize you,

and none shall come to your aid. 1

9 Woe unto you, sinners, because of the words of your hands!"

On account of the deeds of your wicked ones, v

in blazing flames worse than fire, it shall burn. w

10 "And now, do know that your deeds shall be investigated"—from the sun, from

h2. Sentence omitted by GP. m. S o G P . B reads " t h e y . " C reads "verily,"

i2. B: "the spirit of his anger." C: "his anger "in certainty." Charles (APOT, vol. 2, p. 272)
and his spirit." GP: "his anger." translates it "in security." A reads emanu. y

n. GP: "the wise among m e n . "

o. GP; "these words of this letter."
100 a. GP: "his s o n . " p. Or "afflict," "make suffer."
b. GP: "his beloved." q. GP: "guard them."
c. Text: "to kill h i m . " S o GP. r. So B , C , and GP. A: "Their deeds shall be
d. GP: "from a man of worth and his brother." recompensed."
e. GP: "they shall be slain together." s. S o B , C , and GP. A: "to eat e v i l . "
f. S o A , B , and GP. C reads " w h o brought down t. GP: "none to take your part."
sin." u. B and C read " W o e unto you, sinners, because
g. S o A and B. C: "among the sinners." GP: of the words of your mouth and because of the deeds
"upon a l l ." of your hands!" G P reads " W o e unto you, sinners,
h. GP: "they shall be kept." because of the works of your mouth! Woe unto you,
i. GP: "tribulations and s i n . " all you sinners, because of the words of your mouth
j . C: "he will bring to an e n d . " and of your hands."
k. S o GP. B C: 'emani, "and though [ i f ] . " A , v. Text unclear. B reads "which deeds you vio-
'emanu, is unclear, but could possibly be translated lated." C reads "which your wickedness wrought."
as "perhaps" or "whether." Nickelsburg may be GP reads "because you have gone astray from your
right in suggesting that the Eth. original may have holiness." Cf. Nickelsburg, Armenian and Biblical
read 'emnehu. Nickelsburg, Armenian and Biblical Studies, pp. 98f.
Studies, p. 9 8 . w. B: "you shall burn."
1. Or "a *' f"f. CjP: "a swee' r^^
n
... rs.. " , , n m i n ( » r 1 " "inspected."
V
 the moon, and from the stars—for heaven* by the angels, on account of your sins
(which) were committed upon the earth. The decree is with the righteous ones.
2 32

11 Every cloud, mist, dew, and rain shall witness against you; for they shall all be b2

withheld from you, from descending for you; and they shall not give heed, because c2

12 of your sins. *So then offer gifts to the rain, that it be not hindered from descending
for you; perhaps the dew may receive from you gold and silver in order to descend
13 for sure. (In) descending, they shall fall upon you—the frost and the snow with
d2 # 432

their cold, and all the winds of the snow" with their scourges—and in those days you 82

cannot stand before them.

The fear of God that nature teaches

1 101 "Examine the heaven, you sons of heaven, and all the works of the Most High; 3

2 and be afraid to do evil in his presence. «If he closes the windows of heaven and
hinders the rain and the dew from descending upon the earth because of you, what
3 will you do? *Or, if he sends his anger against you (and) your deeds,* is it not you 5

who would entreat him? Because you utter bold and hard (words) against his
c d e f

4 righteousness, you shall have no peace. »Do you not see the sailors- of the ships, how
8 1

their ships are tossed up and down by the billows and are shaken by the winds, and 4

5 they become anxious? *On this account (it is evident that) they are seized by fear, for
they will discharge all their valuable property—the goods that are with them"—into
the sea; they think in their hearts that the sea will swallow them up and they will
1 m

6 perish in it. *Is not the entire sea and all her waters and all her movements the very 11

work of the Most High? Has he not ordered her courses of action and her waters—
0

7 (indeed) her totality—with sand? *At his rebuke they become frightened, and she dries
up; then her fish die and all that is in her. But you, sinners, who are upon the earth,
p q

8 fear him not! »Did he not make the heaven and the earth and all that is in them?
Who gave the knowledge of wisdom to all those who move upon the earth and in
r 8

9 the sea? "Do not the sailors of the ships fear the sea? Yet the sinners do not fear the
1

Most High. u

Terror of the day of judgment: comfort to the suffering righteous ones

1 102 "In those days, when he hurls out against you terror of fire, where shall you
8 b c

flee, and where shall you find safety? When he flings his word against you, will you d

2 not fainr* and fear? • All the luminaries shall faint with great fear; the whole earth
f 8 h

3 shall faint' and tremble and panic. • All the angels shall fulfill their orders/ The
j

children of the earth will seek to hide themselves from the presence of the Great
Glory,' trembling and confounded." You, sinners, you are accursed forever; there is
1

4 no peace" for you! But you, souls of the righteous, fear not; and be hopeful, you
#

5 souls that died in righteousness! Be not sad because your souls have gone down into
0 #

y. B C: "in heaven." f. GP adds "with your mouth."

z. B C: "which you committed." g. G : "his greatness."
P

a2. Or "judgment," "decision," "verdict." h. So G P . Eth. MSS: " k i n g s . " Hatevy ("Re-
b2. B and C read "He shall cause . . . to testify cherches sur la langue de la redaction primitive du
against y o u " instead of ". . . shall witness against livre d'Henoch," JA 6.9[1867] 392) already sug-
you." gested before the discovery of GP that the Eth. nagast,
c2. C: "they shall give heed." " k i n g s , " corresponds to the Heb. malkey, which is
d2. Lit. "In order to descend descending." B and corrupt for maldhey, "sailors."
C read "In order to descend." i. Or "sea-waves," "tidal waves." A reads wrongly
e2. B and C omit "(in) descending," and add "by death." GP reads "billow and storm."
"when." j . Lit. "good [beautiful, goodly] property."
f2. Lit. "the winds and the s n o w . " k. G reads "their goods and property."
P

g2. GP omits "in those d a y s . " 1. Lit. "for all their valuable property . . . will
come out into the s e a . " GP: "they will cast out into
101 a. B omits "you sons of heaven." GP reads the sea . . . "
"Consider then, you sons of men . . . " m. So GP. A , B, and C read "they do not think."
b. B reads "and upon all your deeds." C reads n. GP omits "her movements."
"and because of your d e e d s . " o. A is partially illegible. I have adjusted the three
c. GP: "will you not be entreating him?" legible characters, wa-rdha, to read waserdha. Eth.
d. G : " W h y ? "
P
Sarho means "to e v e n , " "to organize," "to ar-
e. Lit. " b i g , " "great." range," "to set in order," "to adorn." The reading
 Sheol in sorrow; or (because) your flesh? fared not well the* earthly existence " in 1

accordance with your goodness; indeed the time you happened to be in existence was
5 1

6 (a time of) sinners," a time of curse and a time of plague/ -When you die, the sinners
will speak over you: As we die, so do the righteous die. What then have they gained
4 w

7 b y their deeds? •Behold, like us they died in grief and in darkness/ and what have
8 they more than we? From now on we have become equal/ 'What will they receive
or what will they see forever? Behold they have surely died; and from now on they
9 shall never see light forever/ *Now I tell you, sinners, you have satiated yourselves
82

with food and drink, robbing and sin, impoverishing people and gaining property, 152

10 and seeing good days/ Have you seen the righteous, how their end comes about,
2 #

11 for no injustice is found upon them until their death? -But they perished and became
d2

like those who were not, and descended into Sheol—and their spirits too —with e2

anguish. 0

The two destinies of the righteous and the sinners: more woes unto the sinners
1 103 "I now swear to you, righteous ones, by the glory of the Great One and by the
2 glory of his kingdom; and I swear to you (even) by the Great One/ *For I know this
8 c

mystery; I have read the tablets of heaven and have seen the holy writings, and I have d

3 understood the writing in them; and they are inscribed concerning you/ *For all good6

things, and joy and honor are prepared for and written down for the souls of those g

who died in righteousness. Many and good things' shall be given to you—the offshoot
1

4 of your labors. Your lot exceeds even that of the living ones.' 'The spirits of those

remains problematic. B has "All her course of action day of the judgment of sinners." GP.- "the days that
he sealed and bound." C has "He established all her you lived were days of sinners."
course of action and bound . . . " G P has "He set v. GP: "days . . . of accursed men upon the
their limits [so Bonner, The Last Chapters of Enoch earth."
in Greek (Studies and Documents 8; London, 1937) w. GP: "the pious have died according to their
p. 57] and binds and sets it about . . . " fate."
p. B C: "she becomes frightened and dries u p . " x. So B , C, and GP. A: " a n d . "
GP: "they become frightened and dry up . . . " y. GP: "they have died like us. See now how they
q. S o A and GP. B C: "all her fish." die in grief."
r. B C: "knowledge and w i s d o m . " G?: "under- z. GP: "From now on let them rise and be saved.''
standing." a2. G P is abbreviated. It reads "and they shall
s. GP omits " w h o move upon the earth." forever see us eating and drinking." Cf. Bonner,
t. Lit. "the kings." See n. h. The Last Chapters of Enoch, p. 6 1 .
u. GP omits this sentence. b2. Or "acquiring wealth."
c2. So B, C, and GP. A: " g o o d s , " "property,"
102 a. Omitted by GP. "wealth."
b. A wrongly reads "against them." d2. GP: "Behold, now they who try to justify
c. GP: "the surge of the fire of your burning." themselves, how great their downfall has been,
d. Or "his v o i c e . " because no righteousness was found in them until
e. GP; "be shaken." they died."
f. GP adds "by the mighty sound." e2. B: "their souls descended." C: "their spirits
g. This clause is omitted by GP. descended."
h. S o B , C , a n d G P . A: "the earth and everything." f2. GP: "they were destroyed, and became as
i. GP: "be shaken." though they were not, and their souls went down in
j . Lit. "be hasty," "be nervous," "be anxious." pain to . .
GP: "be confused."
k. S o B and C. A: "their orders shall be fulfilled." 103 a. B: "I now swear . . . by this great glory and
1. So B and C. A: "the Great One and glory." his honor and the honor of his kingdom." C: "I now
m. GP.* "the heaven and its lights shaken and swear . . . by the glory of the Great and Honored
trembling, all the sons of the earth." One (of) the mighty kingdom."
n. GP: "no j o y . " b. B C: "and I swear to you by his greatness."
0 . GP: "Be of good courage, souls of the just that c. So A , B, and GP. C omits "this."
are dead, the just and the pious." d. B reads "the writing of the holy o n e s . " C:
p. Or " your body." GP: " the body of your flesh." "the holy writing." GP: "the writing of authority."
q. B, C, and GP: "your." e. Lit. "engraved."
r. Lit. "in life" or "while alive." f. B reads "concerning them."
s. GP: "your holiness." g. A: "for your s o u l s . "
t. Lit. "the d a y . " h. B C: "many good things."
u. C has been adjusted to read "but wait for the i. GP omits last two sentences.
 who died in righteousness* shall live and rejoice;' their spirits shall not perish, nor
k m

their memorial from before the face of the Great One unto all the generations of the
world. Therefore," do not worry about their humiliation.
5 "Woe° unto you sinners who are dead!? When you are dead in the wealth of your
sins, those who are like you will say of you, Happy are you sinners! (The sinners)
q r 4 5

6 have seen all their days.' »They have died now in prosperity and wealth." They have
not experienced struggle and battle in their lifetime/ They have died in glory, and
7 there was no judgment" in their lifetime.'" • You yourselves know that they will bring
your souls down to Sheol; and they shall experience evil and great tribulation—in
y

8 darkness, nets/ and burning flame. Your souls shall enter into the great judgment;
# 32

it shall be a great judgment in all the generations of the world. Woe unto you, for
9 there is no peace for you! »Now to the righteous and kind ones during their lifetime:
b2

Do not say, 'In the days of our toil, we have surely suffered hardships and have
02 d2

experienced every trouble/ We have faced many evil things and have become
2 0

consumed. We have died and become few, (characterized) by the littleness of our
g2

10 spirit/ We have been destroyed; and we have found none whatsoever to help us
2 # 12

with a word or otherwise.* We have been tortured and destroyed," and could not even 2

11 hope to see life from one day to the other. »We hoped" to be the head and have
12 m2 2

become the tail/ We have moiled as we toiled/ but had no authority over our own
2 2

toil/ We have become the victuals of the sinners and the oppressors; they have
2 r2 s2

12 made their yoke' heavy upon us. 'Those who hate us, while goading us and encom-
2

passing u s / have become masters over u s / We have bowed our necks to those
2 2 w2

13 who hate us, but they had no pity on u s / • We wanted to get away from them in order 2

that we may escape and be at rest; but we found no place to which we might flee and
14 be safe from them/ Then, in our tribulation, we brought a charge against them
2 #

before the authorities/ and cried out against those who were devouring u s / but they
2 3

(the authorities) neither would pay attention to our cries nor wish to listen to our
15 voice. But (on the contrary) they were assisting those who were robbing and
# 63

devouring us, those who were causing us to diminish/ They (the authorities) conceal 3

j . B C: "you who died in righteousness, your k2. Cf. Nickelsburg, Armenian and Biblical Stud-
spirits." C : "their spirits." ies, p. 102.
k. C omits "shall l i v e . " 12. GP: "to know safety again."
1. B and C read "shall rejoice and be glad." m2. Lit. "from day to d a y ."
m. B omits "shall not perish." n2. Or "expected."
n. Or " S o , n o w . " o2. In A, the na in zanab(a), "tail," has been
0 . GP omits " W o e . " dropped, and zaba-, the compound particle, has been
p. B omits "who are dead." joined to the immediately succeeding word, samaw-
q. GP omits "in the wealth of your s i n s . " B omits ena, "we (have) toiled [labored]," to form zabasd-
"wealth." mawena.
r. GP omits "those who are like y o u . " p2. Or ' 'We have toiled as we worked [labored].''
s. B, C, and GP: "Happy are the sinners!" q2. GP: " w e have not been the masters of our
t. GP: "all their days which they saw in their wages."
life." r2. GP omits "the oppressors."
u. GP omits this sentence. s2. GP reads "the lawless o n e s . "
v. This sentence is omitted by GP. t2. GP: "the y o k e . "
w. So C and GP. A reads "there was judgment." u2. So A and GP. B and C read "they that hate
x. B omits this sentence. us and goad u s . "
y. So A and GP. B and C read "their souls." v2. GP reads "They who are our masters . . . "
z. GP: "in toils." w2. So B and C. A reads wabo, "there is [are]."
a2. A erroneously: "shall conquer." x2. GP omits this sentence.
b2. GP: " j o y . " y2. GP omits this clause.
c2. A: "their." z2. GP omits this clause.
d2. GP: "days of oppression." a3. GP: "against those who insulted and outraged
e2. GP omits "we have experienced every trou- us."
ble." b3. So B and C. A: 'ardd'ekewomu, "you were
f2. GP omits "We have faced many evil things." assisting them," does not seem to make sense, though
g2. So A. B, C, and GP omit " We have died." it agrees with reading of other early MSS.
h2. Lit. "with our small [little] spirit." GP omits c3. GP reads "They did not take our part, finding
"by the littleness of our spirit," and adds "we found no complaint against those who affront and devour
none to take our part." us; but they harden against us those who slaughtered
i2. GP adds " w e have been crushed." us and made us f e w . "
j2. GP omits this clause.
 their (the offenders') injustice and do not remove the yokes of those who devour us, d3

scatter us, and murder us; they (the authorities) cover up our murder; and they (the e3

authorities) do not remember (the fact) that they (the offenders) have lifted up their
hands against us. ,f3

1 104 "I swear unto you that in heaven the angels will remember you for good before 8

the glory of the Great One; and your names" shall be written before the glory of the
2 Great One. B e hopeful, because formerly you have pined away through evil and
c #

toil. But now you shall shine like the lights of heaven, and you shall be seen; and
d e

3 the windows of heaven shall be opened for you. Your cry shall be heard/ *Cry for
judgment, and it shall appear for you;* for all your tribulations shall be (demanded)
for investigation from the (responsible) authorities —from everyone who assisted those
h

4 who plundered you.' Be hopeful, and do not abandon your hope, because there shall
#

be a fire* for you; you are about to be making a great rejoicing like the angels of
5 heaven/ *You shall not have to hide on the day of the great judgment, and you shall
not be found as the sinners; but the eternal judgment shall be (far) away from you for
6 all the generations of the world. *Now fear not, righteous ones, when you see the
1

sinners waxing strong and flourishing;" do not be partners with them, but keep far
1

away from those who lean onto their own injustice; for you are to be partners with
n

7 the good-hearted people of heaven. • Now, you sinners, even if you say,° * All our sins
shall not be investigated or written down,'" nevertheless, all your sins are being written
8 down every day. So now I show unto you that light and darkness as well as day and
#

9 night witness* all your sins. D o not become wicked in your hearts, or lie, or alter
#

the words of a just verdict/ or utter falsehood against the words of the Great, the s 1

Holy One, or give praise to your idols; for all your lies and all your wickedness are
u v

10 not for righteousness but for great sin. And now I know this mystery: For they (the
w #

sinners) shall alter the just verdict* and many sinners will take it to heart;* they will
speak evil words and lie, and they will invent fictitious stories and write out my
11 Scriptures on the basis of their own words/ »And would that they had written down
all the words truthfully on the basis of their own speech," and neither alter nor take
82

12 away from my words, all of which I testify to them from the beginning! • Again know
another mystery!/ that to the righteous and the wise shall be given the Scriptures
2 d2

d3. So C. A reads "they do not remove their shall be eternal judgment upon you for all the
yokes; and they devour u s . " B reads "they do not generations of the world [ a g e s ] . "
remove their yokes but they devour u s . " m. Or "prospering." Lit. "their way become
e3. "Our murder" is in the genitive objective befitting."
case; in other words, the phrase should be read "the n. B , C , and G P read "but keep far away from
fact of our being murdered [slaughtered]." [GP: "all"] their injustice."
f3. C : "concerning the sinners, they do not o. GP; "say not."
remember their sin's." p. So B and C. A is not intelligible,
q. Lit. " s e e , " "behold."
104 a. Or the clause can be understood to mean r. Or "the word of truth."
"the angels will intercede for you in heaven." s. A omits "of."
b. So B and C. A reads "the names." t. GP omits "Great."
c. GP omits this clause. u. A , B , and G P . C reads " d o not take account
d. A wrongly reads tefarehu, "you (will) fear," of."
fnstead of tebarehu. v. GP: "lead t o . "
e. C: "you shall shine and be s e e n . " w. A erroneously reads hate*an, "sinners," in-
f. So GP. Eth. (as in A, B , and C) "And your stead of hate'at.
cry" is incomplete. x. Or "the word of truth."
g. GP; "The judgment for which you cry shall y. So A . B C: "Sinners will greatly [amply] alter
also be made manifest against everything which helps and pervert the just verdict." Cf. also Nickelsburg,
against you for your oppression." Armenian and Biblical Studies, p. 103. GP: "sinners
h. Lit. "your tribulations shall be investigated alter and write against . . . of truth and lead the
from the authorities." many a w a y . "
i. G P reads "from all who ate with those who z. So A . B C: "they will invent great inventions,
affront and devour y o u . " and write books on the basis of their own words."
j . B and C omit "fire"; v. 4 is altogether omitted GP: "they lie and invent great falsehoods and write
in G P . out the Scriptures in their names."
k. So A and B . C: "for there shall be a great joy a2. S o A and C. B GP: "all my words."
for you like the angels of heaven. What are you b2. GP; "in their names."
about to d o ? " c2. So A . B C G P ; " I know another mystery."
1. GP: "(you sinners), shall be troubled; and there d2. GP adds "the h o l y . "
13 of joy, for truth and great wisdom. So to them shall be given the Scriptures;" and
62 9

they shall believe them and be glad in them; and all the righteous ones who learn from
them the ways of truth shall rejoice." 82

1 105 In those days, he says, 'The Lord will be patient and cause the children of the
earth to hear. Reveal it to them with your wisdom, for you are their guides; and (you
3

2 are) a reward upon the whole earth. • Until I and my son are united with them
b c

forever in the upright paths in their lifetime and there shall be peace unto you, rejoice,
you children of truth. Amen." d e

1 106 And after some days my son, Methuselah, took a wife for his son Lamech, and 3

2 she became pregnant by him and bore him a son. And his body was white as snow
b # c

and red as a rose; the hair of his head as white as wool and his demdema& beautiful;
d 6 f

and as for his eyes, when he opened them the whole house glowed like the sun—
h

3 (rather) the whole house glowed even more exceedingly.' And when he arose from # j

the hands of the midwife, he opened his mouth and spoke to the Lord with right-
4 eousness. »And his father, Lamech, was afraid of him and fled and went to
k 1 m

5 Methuselah his father; »and he said to him, "I have begotten a strange son:" He is not
like an (ordinary) human being, but he looks like the children of the angels of heaven
to me;° his form is different, and he is not like us. His eyes are like the rays of the
p

6 sun, and his face glorious/ »It does not seem to me that he is of me, but of angels;'
q s

and I fear that a wondrous phenomenon may take place upon the earth in his days. w

7 So I am beseeching you now, begging you in order that you may go to his (grandfather
Enoch, our father, and learn* from him the truth, for his dwelling place is among the
8 angels. " When Methuselah heard the words of his son, he came to us at the ends
z # 32 b2

of the earth; for he had heard that I was there. He cried aloud, and I heard his voice
02

and came to him; ; and I said to him, "Behold, my son, here I am, why have you
d2 62

9 come here?" Then he answered me and said, "On account of a great distress have
17 #

10 I come to you, on account of a grievous vision have I come near here. »Now, my
g2 h2

e2. So A. B C : ' f o r j o y , truth, and great wisdom."

4
i. GP omits this phrase,
GP: "for the joy in the truth." j . GP omits " w h e n . "
f2. This clause is omitted by GP. k. So A. B and C read "to the Lord of righteous-
g2. So A and GP. B C: "shall be recompensed." ness." GP reads "he blessed the Lord."
1. GP omits "his father."
105 a. So A? The text is partially illegible. B and m. Lat. omits "and fled."
C read "The Lord says, they will cry out and testify n. GP: "a strange child has been born to m e . "
in their wisdom to the children of the earth." o. B, C, and GP omit "to m e . " Lat. omits this
b. Eth. 'esseydt, "reward," " w a g e . " Possibly clause.
this may be a corruption of assat, "healing power,"
y

p. Lat. omits this clause.

"gift of healing," "spiritual authority." q. B and C omit "and. "
c. So A. B C: "For." r. Lat. omits this clause.
d. Or "uprightness." s. Lat. reads "he is not born of m e . "
e. This ch. is missing from GP. Contrary to t. GP: "of an angel."
Charles's view, this short ch. seems to exist in the u. A reads erroneously "he did not fear."
Aram, original. Cf. Milik, The Books of Enoch, v. Lit. "a wonder, miracle, wonderment."
p. 208. w. Lat. omits this clause.
106 a. GP reads "I took a wife for my son, Methu- x. B and C omit "his (grand)father."
selah," and then adds "and she bore him a son and y. Lit. "hear."
called his name Lamech. Righteousness was brought z. GP has a gap and misses this clause. Lat. reads
low until that day. When he came of age, he took a "he said to Methuselah: I am not able to know unless
wife for him." The Lat. fragment adds "when he we go to our father Enoch."
was three hundred fifty years o l d . " a2. Due to a gap, this clause is missing in GP.
b. GP omits "she became pregnant by h i m . " b2. B C G : "to m e . "
c. G : "whiter than."
P
c2. GP: "where he saw that I was then."
d. GP: "redder than." d2. GP: "He said to me, 'Father, give ear to my
e. GP omits "of his head." voice and come to me.' "
f. GP adds "and curly and glorious." e2. So GP and Lat. A B C : "for."
g. This Eth. word has no equivalent in English. f2. So A. B C GP Lat.: "why . . . come to m e ? "
It refers to long and curly hair combed up straight, g2. GP reads "I have come here," and adds "(my)
what one calls gofdre in several modern Ethiopian father."
languages, or "afro" in colloquial English. h2. GP omits this clause. Lat. reads "he said,"
h. Lit. "his e y e s . " omits vs. 9, and proceeds to vs. 10.
 father, hear me: For unto my son Lamech a son* has been born, one whose image
i2 2 k2

and form are not like unto the characteristics of human beings; and his color is whiter
than snow and redder than a rose, the hair of his head is whiter than white wool, and
12

his eyes are like the rays of the sun; and (when) he opened his eyes the whole house
11 lighted up. »And (when) he rose up in the hands of the midwife, he opened his
m2

12 mouth and blessed the Lord of heaven" •Then his father, Lamech, became afraid?
2 02 2

and fled/ and he did not believe that he (the child) was of him but of the image
2 r2 s2

of the angels of heaven. And behold, I have come to you in order that you may make
12

13 me know the real truth." 'Then I, Enoch," answered, saying to him, "The Lord will
2

surely make new things upon the earth; and I have already seen this matter in a
v2

vision and made it known to you. For in the generation * of Jared, my father, they 1 2

14 transgressed the word of the Lord, (that is) the law of heaven/ »And behold, they 2

commit sin and transgress the commandment;* they have united themselves with 2

women and commit sin together with them; and they have married (wives) from among
15 them, and begotten children by them • There shall be a great destruction upon the
22 33

16 earth; and there shall be a deluge and a great destruction for one year. And this son #

who has been born unto you shall be left upon the earth; and his three sons shall be b3

17 saved when they who are upon the earth are dead/ And upon the earth they shall 3 #

give birth to giants, not of the spirit but of the flesh/ There shall be a great plague
d3 3

is upon the earth, and the earth shall be washed clean* from all the corruption/ »Now, 3 3

make known to your son Lamech that the son who has been born is indeed righteous;
h3 13

and call his name Noah, for he shall be the remnant for you; and he and his sons shall
be saved from the corruption* which shall come upon the earth on account of all the
3

sin and oppression that existed, and it will be fulfilled upon the earth, in his days. k3

19 After that there shall occur still greater oppression than that which was fulfilled upon
the earth the first time; for I do know the mysteries of the holy ones; for he, the Lord, 13

has revealed (them) to me and made me know—and I have read (them) in the heavenly
tablets."

1 107 Then I beheld the writing upon them that one generation shall be more wicked
than the other, until a generation of righteous ones shall arise, wickedness shall
3 5 c

perish, sin shall disappear from upon the earth, and every good thing shall come d

i2. GP and Lat. omit this introductory clause. c3. B and C add 'he and his children will be4

j 2 . G : "a child."
P
saved." Cf. 4QEn . c

k2. Due to double haplography A reads tawalda d3. Lit. "those who are tall": so A . B C: "those
Ldmek waldya, m y son Lamech is born."
44
who multiply." GP omits the phrase.
12. Lat. omits "whose image . . . than a rose." e3. In G P , this sentence is placed at the end of
m2. GP and Lat. omit the last clause. vs. 14. Charles in APOT, vol. 2, p. 279, decided to
n2. GP: 'the Lord of eternity."
4
place it at the end of vs. 14. Milik also puts it at the
o2. GP: m y son Lamech."
44
end of vs. 14, in 4QEn . c

p2. Lat. Lamech became afraid." The rest of

44
f3. So 4QEn : "be cleansed (from) great corrup-
c

vs. 12 is missing. tion." GP: "he shall tame the earth."

q2. B C and GP: "he fled to m e . " g3. So 4QEn . GP adds "that is upon it."
c

r2. GP: "that he is his s o n . " h3. GP omits "your s o n . "

s2. B C: "from." i3. Lit. "he is righteous." B and C read "the one
t2. GP: "but that (he is) from angels." who has been born is in truth his s o n . " GP reads
u2. GP omits " E n o c h . " "tell Lamech that he is his son in truth and holiness."
v2. Lit. "He will renew new things." GP: 'new 4
j3. Or "destruction."
order." k3. GP reads ''whereupon you shall rest, and his
w2. A erroneously: waldu, "his s o n , " instead of sons, from the corruption of the earth and from all
teweledu. the sinners and from all the wickedness." Milik's
x2. Or "the regulation or order [or "rule," "com- reconstructing of this verse, according to 4QEn , as c

mandment," "principle," "custom"] of heaven"; containing the triple explanation of Noah's names,
so A . B and C read 'emal'elta samay, "from the is not convincing (see The Books of Enoch, p. cited).
heights of heaven" or "from heaven above," instead 13. The preceding two clauses are missing in GP
of 'emser'dta samay. GP reads 'from the covenant 4
due to a gap.
of heaven."
y2. GP: "the custom." 107 a. Lit. "generation."
z2. See n. e 3 . Vss. 13f. missing in Lat. b. B: "for," " s i n c e , " "that."
a3. GP: 'wrath."
4
c. B C GP: 'righteousness." Cf. 4QEn .
4 c

b3. GP: "this child that is born shall be left." d. Lit. " g o o d , " "beautiful," "pleasant."
2 upon her. •"And now, my son, go and make it known to your son Lamech that this
c f

3 son who has been born is his son in truth—and not in falsehood." *And when
g

Methuselah had heard the words of his father Enoch—for he revealed to him everything
in secret—he returned (home). And he called the name of that son Noah, for he will
h

comfort the earth after all the destruction.'

1 108 Another Book of Enoch—which he wrote for his son Methuselah and for those
2 who will come after him, observing the law in the last days. You who have observed #

(the law) shall wait patiently in all the days until (the time of) those who work evil
3 b

3 is completed, and the power of the wicked ones is ended.*As for you, wait patiently
0

until sin passes away, for the names of (the sinners) shall be blotted out from the
d

Book of Life and the books of the Holy One; their seeds shall be destroyed forever
e f

and their spirits shall perish and die; they shall cry and lament in a place that is an
8

invisible" wilderness and burn in the fire—for there exists' ground there (as upon the 1

earth).
4 I also saw there something like an invisible cloud; (and) though I could see that it
was completely dark yet I could not see the flame of its fire because it was burning
k 1

brightly; and there were some things like bright mountains which formed a ring (around
5 it) and which were tossing it to and fro. •Then I asked one of the holy angels who
was with me, saying to him, "What is this bright thing? For it is not a heaven" but 1

merely the flame of a fire which is burning—and a voice of weeping, crying, and
6 lamenting as well as strong pain." And he said unto me, "This place which you see,
#

into it shall be taken" the spirits of sinners, blasphemers, those who do evil, and those
who alter all the things which the Lord has done through the mouth of the prophets,
0

7 all of which have to be fulfilled. »For some of (these things) were written and sealed
above inP heaven so that the angels may read them (the things that are written) and
q

know that which is about to befall the sinners, the spirits of the ones who err, as well r

as those who defiled their bodies, revenged themselves on God, and worked together
5 1 u v

8 with evil people. •Those who love God have loved neither gold nor silver, nor all the
good things which are in the world, but have given over their bodies to suffering—
9 who from the time of their very being have not longed after earthly food, and who w

regarded themselves as a (mere) passing breath. And they have observed this matter,
x

the Lord having put them through much testing; then he received their pure spirits*
10 so that they should bless his name. »And I have recounted in the books all their
blessings. He has caused them to be recompensed, for they were all found loving
2 32

e. GP: "blessings shall come to them upon the looking over."

earth." 1. B C: "I could s e e . "
f. GP: "And now run, child." m. A could possibly be read kamdya, "like water."
g. GP: "this child." 4QEn : "this b o y . "
c
n. B C: "shall be cast."
h. B: "he returned (home) having s e e n . " C: "he o. B C: "spoken."
returned (home) and revealed (them) to him." G P p. So B and C. A omits " i n . "
omits this clause. q. So B and C. A reads "deposit," "preserve,"
i. GP: "And his name was called Noah, comforting "write d o w n , " or "put."
the earth after the destruction." r. Or "the blunderers," "the falterers," "the
lapsed," "the apostates." B and C and other MSS
108 a. Lit. "You who have worked [acted, d o n e ] . " cited by Charles read tehutdn, "the humble o n e s , "
C: "You who have done the g o o d . " instead of sehutdn.
b. So A. B and C read la'ellu mawd'el, "for those s. So A. B and C and other MSS cited by Charles,
days," instead of bak ellu
w
mawd'el. with the exception of his q, which is unintelligible,
c. B C: "until those who work evil are finished read 'aljmamu, "they made sick," "they afflicted,"
[consummated]." instead of 'afjsamu.
d. Lit. "their names." t. C: " b y . "
e. So C. A reads "from the book of." B omits u. C reads "they were recompensed [revenged]
the whole phrase. by G o d . "
f. B C: "of the holy o n e s . " v. B C: "diminished," "put to shame."
g. So A. B C : "shall be killed." w. B C: "but."
h. Or "chaotic." Cf. Gen 1:2. x. So A and B. C: "their souls."
i. B C: "there is not." y. B C: "then their spirits were found pure."
j . Or "earth." z. B C: "he has recompensed them."
k. Lit. "I could see from its darkness." B and C a2. B and C read ellu, "they," "those," "those
y

are unintelligible: "for I could not see from its depth that," instead of k ellu. w
 God more than the fire of their eternal souls; and while they were being trodden
b2 c2

upon by evil people, experiencing abuse and insult by them, they continued* blessing 12

11 us. So now 1° shall summon their spirits if they are born of light, and change
e2 # 82 h2

those who are born in darkness—those whose bodies were not recompensed with
12 honor as they deserved for their faithfulness.' I shall bring them out into the bright
2 #

light, those who have loved my holy name, and seat them each one by one upon the
13 throne of his honor; • and they shall be resplendent for ages that cannot be numbered;
j2 k2 12

for the judgment of God is righteousness, because he will give faith —as well as the m2

14 paths of truth" —to the faithful ones in the resting place. •Then they shall see those
2 02 02

who were born in darkness being taken into darkness, while the righteous ones shall
15 be resplendent. '(The sinners) shall cry aloud, and they shall see the righteous ones 02

being resplendent; they shall go to the place which was " prescribed for them 1 2

concerning the days and the seasons." Here ends the Revelation of the Secrets of
52

Enoch.

b2. Lit. "heaven." Ethiopian commentaries, or "I shall call their spirits,
c2. B: "more than their eternal breath." C: "more mother of the one born of light . . . " B C: "from
than their breath in the world." the generation of light."
d2. Or "they remained," "they persisted." Lit. i2. Or "faith."
"they lived," "they settled d o w n . " B and C read j2. B: "in the throne of honor—his honor."
hasaru, "they were shamed [slighted]," instead of k2. Or " t i m e s , " "seasons," "periods."
nabaru. 12. Lit. "without number."
e2. So A. B C: " m e . " m2. Or "faithfulness."
f2. It appears to me that the shift in personal n2. Or "uprightness."
pronouns may indicate some scribal effort at an o2. B C: "He will give faith to the faithful ones
interpretative commentary, or even an interpolation. in the resting place of the paths of truth [or "upright-
g2. B and C read "the spirits of the good [kind] ness"]."
ones." p2. A erroneously adds "the righteous ones. "
h2. Lit. "if it is born of light"; A is difficult. It q2. B C: "the sinners."
can possibly read "I shall call their spirits, if it is r2. C: " w e r e . "
born of light," which agrees with some traditional s2. B and C omit "concerning."