Motivational Approach To Management

The Definition of Motivation
The word Motivation was Derived from the Latin word movere (meaning ‘to move’). Motivation is a
decision making process, through which the individual chooses the desired outcomes & sets in
motion the behavior appropriate to them.
Motivation And Performance In Organizations.
 An employee's performance typically is influenced by motivation, ability, and the work

environment. Some deficiencies can be addressed by providing training or altering the
environment, motivation problems are not as easily addressed.
 Motivation is important because of its significance as a determinant of performance and its
intangible nature.
How to Motivate Employees

There are many ways to motivate employees. Managers who want to encourage productivity should
work to ensure that employees:
 Feel that the work they do has meaning or importance

 Believe that good work is rewarded
 Believe that they are treated fairly
HISTORICAL VIEWS OF MOTIVATION.
Evolution can be traced from scientific management, through the human relations movement, to the
human resource approach.
o Scientific management:
The assumptions of scientific management were that work is inherently unpleasant for most people and
the money they earn is more important to employees than is the nature of the job they are performing.
o Human relations movement:
This school of thought emphasized the role of social processes in organizations and assumed that the
need for belongingness and the need to feel useful are more important than money in motivating
employees.
o Human resource approach:
This view assumes that people want to contribute to organizational effectiveness and are able to make
genuine contributions. The organization's responsibility is to create a work environment that makes full
use of available human resources.
The human resource approach guides most thinking about motivation today, but three integrative
approaches conceptualize motivation more completely: need-based, process-based, and reinforcement-
based approaches.
NEED-BASED APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION.
Need-based approaches to motivation focus on what motivates employees to choose certain behaviors
as shown on the following diagram.
2 main groups of motivators
Extrinsic Approaches-motivators are rewards external to the job, such as pay, promotion or fringe
benefits.
Intrinsic Approaches-motivators are those that are a part of the job itself, like responsibility, challenge,
feedback etc.
Other groups of motivators
Modern Management approaches- A worker does not work for money only. Non-financial rewards such
as affection and respect for co-workers are also important factors. The emphasis was on employee-
centered, democratic and participative style of supervisory leadership as this is more effective than task
centered leadership. This approach was however criticized for its emphasis on the importance of
symbolic rewards and not on material rewards. The belief of this approach that an organization can turn
into one big happy family where it is always possible to find solutions which satisfies everybody has also
been questioned.
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH- The behavioral approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable
behavioral responses and their environmental determinants. In other words its the study of the
connection between our minds and behavioral.
Humanistic Approach- Humanistic approach is based upon the idea that everyone has the potential to
make a contribution to society and be a good and likeable person – if their needs are fulfilled.
What are the Different Approaches to Motivation?
1. The Stick or Authoritarian approach
This approach represents the oldest or classical view which compels performance through threats of
penalties for failure. The industrialist was a dictator. He believed that might is right. With stick in hand
the manager controls his subordinates.
2. The Carrot or Paternalistic approach
This approach suggests that employees should be treated in a fatherly way as if the business
organization is a family and they are its dependent members. The employees are given rewards
unconditionally.
3. The Carrot and Stick or Exchange approach
This combined approach suggests that with the stick in one hand, the manager will extract work against
the threat of penalty and with the carrot in another; he will induce the worker to work harder in the
hope of good rewards.
The carrot and a stick approach is essentially a penalty-reward approach. If the worker produces more,
he is given a bonus and if he produces less, he is penalized.

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The Definition of Motivation

Motivation And Performance In Organizations.

 An employee's performance typically is influenced by motivation, ability, and the work

How to Motivate Employees

 Feel that the work they do has meaning or importance

HISTORICAL VIEWS OF MOTIVATION.

o Human relations movement:

o Human resource approach:

NEED-BASED APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION.

Other groups of motivators

1. The Stick or Authoritarian approach

2. The Carrot or Paternalistic approach

3. The Carrot and Stick or Exchange approach

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