Course Title: Automobile Electrical and Electronics systems Course Code: 15AT42T

Credits (L:T:P) : 4:0:0 Core/ Elective: Core

Type of course: Lectures Total Contact Hours: 52
25 Marks 100 Marks

Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of Science & Automobile Engineering-I & II.

Course Objectives:

The students should be able to

1. Acquire the knowledge of Electrical and Electronics engineering concepts.

2. Understand the construction and applications of Electrical and electronics

components in various automotive electrical circuits.

3. Understand the construction and working of various automotive electrical systems

and components.

4. Identify, demonstrate and compare the various components and systems of Auto
electrical systems.

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to attain CO'S:

CL Linked Teaching
Course Outcome PO Hrs
Explain basic terminologies, components and
CO1 R/U 1,2 08
concepts of electrical engineering.
Explain basic terminologies, components and
R/U 1,2 07
CO2 concepts of electronics engineering.
Understand the purpose, construction and
working of different batteries and electrical R/U/A 1,2,3,10 08
CO3 systems used in Automobiles.
Explain the purpose, circuits, construction and
working of components of charging and starting R/U/A 1,2,3,10 11
CO4 system.
Understand purpose, circuits, construction and
R/U/A 1,2,3,10 09
C05 working of components of ignition system.
Explain purpose, circuits, construction and
working of components of lighting and R/U 1,2,10 09
CO6 accessories system.

Total sessions 52

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 1

COURSE-PO ATTAINMENT MATRIX

Course Programme Outcomes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Automobile Electrical
and Electronics 3 3 3 - - - - - - 3
systems
Level 3- Highly Addressed, Level 2-Moderately Addressed, Level 1-Low Addressed.
Method is to relate the level of PO with the number of hours devoted to the COs which address the given PO.
If >40% of classroom sessions addressing a particular PO, it is considered that PO is addressed at Level 3
If 25 to 40% of classroom sessions addressing a particular PO, it is considered that PO is addressed at Level 2
If 5 to 25% of classroom sessions addressing a particular PO, it is considered that PO is addressed at Level 1
If < 5% of classroom sessions addressing a particular PO, it is considered that PO is considered not-addressed.

COURSE CONTENT AND BLUE PRINT OF MARKS FOR SEE

Unit Hour Questions to be set Marks weightage
No Unit Name (%)

R U A
Basic Electricity 10 10 13.8
I 08

II Basic electronics 5 15 13.8

07
Introduction to Automotive 05 10 05 13.8
III Electrical System 08

Charging system & Starting 05 20 05 20.7

IV system 11

V Ignition system 05 20 05 20.7

09
Lighting system & 05 20 17.2
VI Electrical accessories 09

Total 52 145 100

Legend: R; Remember, U: Understand A: Application

Course Delivery: The course will be delivered through lectures, presentations and classroom
discussions.

Course Content:

UNIT-I

Basic Electricity 08hrs

Electrical energy-definition-Benefits-sources-effects of electrical current with applications,

electrical current-definition-units-DC current-definition-applications-AC current-definition-

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 2

applications, Definitions and units -frequency-amplitude-instantaneous value-RMS value-
average value-form factor-cycle-, voltage-definition-units, resistance-definition-unit,
conductors, insulator, semiconductors, capacitors-working principle-capacitance unit-types-
applications, Ohms law-series and parallel circuits, magnetism-magnetic lines of force-
magnetic field-reluctance-flux density, electromagnetism-faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction-self induction-mutual induction-units of inductance, Switches-function-types.

UNIT-II

Basic electronics 07hrs

Semiconductors- P type- N type, Diode-introduction-half wave rectification-full wave bridge

rectifier-full wave bridge rectifier with capacitor filter, zener diode-introduction, zener diode
as voltage regulator, LED and photo diode-introduction-applications, transistor-introduction-
NPN and PNP transistor-applications-transistor as switch.

UNIT-III

Introduction to Automotive Electrical System 08hrs

Automotive Electrical Systems–function of each system, Earth and Insulated return system-
circuit diagram-merits and demerits, Positive and negative earth return system-merits and
demerits, Electrical and electronics symbols used in Auto electrical system.

Battery
Battery -purpose-types, construction and working-Lead acid and alkaline battery-differences
between lead acid and alkaline battery, Explain-Cell voltage -Battery capacity-Battery
efficiency, Battery ratings- types.

UNIT-IV

Charging system 11hrs

Charging system-purpose-circuit diagram with D C generator, D C generator-principle-

construction and working, need of cut-out relay, current and voltage regulator, Alternator-
charging circuit with alternator-working principle-construction and working-regulation,
Electronic voltage regulators-construction and working, comparison between generator and
alternator.

Starting system
Staring system-requirements-circuit diagram-working principle, construction and working-
series shunt wound motor Drive mechanism-need-types, construction and working-Standard
Bendix drive- positive engaging drive with shift lever and over running clutch drive-axial
sliding armature drive, Solenoid switch with two winding-construction and working.

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 3

 UNIT-V

Ignition system 9hrs

Ignition system-requirements-types, battery coil ignition system-circuit diagram-function of

each component, Ignition coil-function-construction and working ,Ignition timing-definition-
need of ignition timing advance based on speed and load, Firing order-definition-need,
Magneto ignition system-circuit diagram of High tension rotating magnet type ignition
system-function of each component, spark plug-classification-construction-specification,
spark plug gap, heat range and reach- definition and importance.

UNIT-VI

Lighting system 09hrs

Circuit diagram-head light-parking light, side indicator, brake light, reverse gear light, Head
light-construction, bulbs, Dipper switch, Fuses, cable colour codes, cable connectors, Wiring
harness.

Electrical Accessories
Circuit diagram and explain- fuel level gauge-coolant temperature gauge, oil pressure gauge,
horn, wind screen wiper, construction and working- Speedo meter, odometer, wind screen
wiper, electric horn, purpose, types, construction-relays.

Resources

Reference books

Sl NO Title of the book Author Publisher

1 Automobile Electrical Equipment Kohli Tata McGraw-Hill

Standard
2 Automobile Engineering Vol-2 Kirpal Singh
Publications
Umesh
3 The Automobile Engineering Vol-2 K.M Guptha
publications
Diesel Engineering Electricity &
4 Joseph Bell Ceangage
Electronics
Principals of Electrical Engineering & V. K Mehta &
5 S Chand & Co
Electronics Rohit Mehta
A system approach to Automotive
6 Jack Erjavec Ceangage
Technology
Harban Singh
7 The Automobile Engineering S Chand & Co
Reyath
8 The Automobile Engineering Er S K Gupta S Chand & Co

9 Automobile Electrical Equipment W. H. Crouse Tata McGraw-Hill

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 4

Websites:

ß http://www.electrical4u.com/electric-current-and-theory-of-electricity/
ß http://www.studyyaar.com/index.php/module-video/watch/272-electrical-
circuits-prerequisites
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8JS8BbrVOg
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m75jvmtVyVY
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiHVe8U5PhU
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJeAuQ7pkpc
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gc1wVdbVI0E
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gc1wVdbVI0E
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qwCmyETAvA
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5bzjs3ByBU
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcIDRet787k
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUSSTV0Hs0s
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGTZPTnZBFE
ß https://electronicspani.com/nickel-cadmium-battery/
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDBfDTEMGaQ
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6rQI7t9XM4
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyC02DWq3mI
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfoKSkzK6jg
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rF0WMlH8BBk
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGskIUxzcz8
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TK2mvyi1YiU
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mj-5hbQAWe8
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjvUVjuHRtc
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyZ3s45StaM
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BH9LI973H8w
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsdPjY58Go8
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTQQnl1pArk
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDUTTLCM2K8
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDEyvgrp8N4
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJV2iu3BzmY
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_vfyt6-2Ic
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ww5-pmiokc

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 5

 ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SlIHGqDTc8
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IgHj2Uim_0
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhnVZ7ZPunw
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WD5Q_PF3pM
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITFW2PkqXWw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAtPHANEfQo
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JURAbC6oRE
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMjw6vxV5pg
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGB6ZEjGm7Q
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94iksaQwUo
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIQ4IWSpMO0
ß https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMLSNwQiiKg

Student Activities to be performed to award five marks in continuous internal

evaluation:
1. Visit nearby two wheel/four wheeler service stations/garages and make report of
different automotive electrical and electronic components seen with specification,
materials used and manufacturing processes used along with photographs.
2. Visit nearby two wheel/four wheeler service stations/garages and collect different
electrical circuits of vehicles.
Note:

1. Student should prepare a report on any one of the above/similar activity, which
helps in achieving above course outcomes.
2. The report prepared should be approved by the concerned staff and HOD.
3. The activity group should consist of maximum of three students.

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 6

MODEL OF RUBRICS FOR ASSESSING STUDENT ACTIVITY

Note: The dimensions given below are only representatives and lecturer has to design/decide the dimensions based on the activity given.

Dimension Scale Students Score

Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Good Exemplary 5marks 1 2 3 4 5
1marks 2marks 3marks 4marks

1. Research and gather Does not collect Collects very Collects basic Collects more Collects a great 2
information information relate limited information, most information, most deals of
to topic information, some refer to the topic refer to the topic information, all
relate to topic refer to the topic

2.Full fills teams roles Does not perform Performs very Performs nearly Performs almost Performs all duties 3
and duties any duties little duties all duties all duties of assigned team
assigned to the roles
team role

3.Shares work equally Always relies on Rarely does the Usually does the Always does the Always does the 4
others to do the assigned work, assigned work, assigned work, assigned work,
work often needs rarely needs rarely needs without needing
reminding reminding reminding. reminding

4. listen to other team Is always talking, Usually does most Listens, but Listens and talks a Listens and talks a 5
mates never allows of the talking, sometimes talk too little more than fare amount
anyone to else to rarely allows much, needed.
speak others to speak

Grand Average/Total=2+3+4+5/4=14/4=3.5=4 4

Directorate Of Technical Education Karnataka State 15AT32T Page 7

Course Assessment and Evaluation Scheme:

When/Where
Method

Max Evidence Course

What To whom (Frequency
Marks collected outcomes
in the course)

Three IA
Tests;
Direct Assessment

CIE(Continuous 20 Blue books 1,2,3,4,5,6

IA (Average of
Internal
Evaluation) three Tests)
Students

Activity
Activity 05 1,2,3,4,5,6
Reports
SEE ( Semester Answer
End End of the
End 100 scripts at 1,2,3,4,5,6
Examination)
Exam course
BTE

1,2&3
Student Feedback on Middle of the Feedback
Delivery of
course course forms
course
Indirect Assessment

1,2,3,4,5&6
Students
Effectiveness
Questionnaires

of Delivery
End of the of
End of Course Survey
course instructions
&
Assessment
Methods

*CIE – Continuous Internal Evaluation *SEE – Semester End Examination

Note: I.A. test shall be conducted for 20 marks. Average marks of three tests shall be rounded off
to the next higher digit.

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 8

 FORMAT OF I A TEST QUESTION PAPER (CIE)
Test/Date and Time Semester/year Course/Course Code Max Marks

Ex: I test/6 th weak of I/II SEM

20
sem 10-11 Am
Year:
Name of Course coordinator : Units:__
CO’s:____

Question
Question MARKS CL CO PO
no
1
2
3
4
Note: Internal choice may be given in each CO at the same cognitive level (CL).

MODEL QUESTION PAPER (CIE)

Note: The lecturer has to fallow the question paper blue print given in above table to prepare CIE
Question paper also.

Test/Date and Time Semester/year Course/Course Code Max Marks

Automobile electrical and
Ex: I test/6 th week of IV semester
electronics systems 20
sem 10-11 Am
Year: 2015-16 Course code:15AT42T
Name of Course coordinator :
Units:1,2 Co: 1,2
Note: Answer all questions
Question
Question CL CO PO
no
1 State the definition of electrical energy and list its sources. R 1 1,2
5marks
2 List any five benefits of using electrical energy. A 1 1,2
5marks

Or

Compare conductors and insulators with examples of different

materials.
5marks
3 Explain Full wave bridge rectifier with a circuit diagram. U 2 1,2
5marks
U
Or

Explain the working of transistor as a switch with a circuit

diagram.

5marks

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 9

 Legend: R; Remember, U: Understand A: Application

MODEL QUESTION BANK

CO1:Explain basic terminologies, components and concepts of electrical engineering.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. State the definition of electrical energy and list its sources. (R)
2. State the definition of electrical energy and list the effects of current flow in a
conductor (R)
3. List any five benefits of using electrical energy. (R)
4. State the definition of electrical current and voltage with their respective units. (R)
5. State the definition of capacitance and inductance with their respective units. (R)
6. Explain the working principle of capacitor and list its applications in Automobiles.
(U)
7. Explain the working principle of capacitor and list types of capacitors. (U)
8. Write a short note on Ohms law. (U)
9. Explain how to find equivalent resistance in series and parallel circuits. (A)
10. Explain how to find total capacitance in series and parallel circuits. (A)
11. State the definition of DC current and list its applications. (R)
12. State the definition of AC current and list its applications. (R)
13. State the definitions of frequency and amplitude with respective units. (R)
14. State the definitions of instanious value, RMS value and cycle of AC current. (R)
15. Compare conductors and insulators with examples of different materials. (A)
16. Write a short note on Semiconductors with examples of different materials. (U)
17. Explain the terms Flux density and reluctance. (U)
18. Explain faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. (U)
19. Define the terms self induction and mutual inductance with applications. (R)
20. State the function of switch and list types of switches. (R)

TEN MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Define AC current and explain different terms used to explain AC current. (R)
2. Define the terms resistance, inductance and capacitance with their respective units.
(R)

CO2: Explain basic terminologies, components and concepts of electronics engineering.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Write a short note on P type and N Type semiconductors. (U)

2. Explain N type semiconductor with a sketch of lattice structure. (U)
3. Explain P type semiconductor with a sketch of lattice structure. (U)
4. Define the term rectification and Draw the circuit diagram of half wave rectification
with its parts. (R)
Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 10
 5. Draw the circuit diagram of full wave bridge rectifier and name its parts. (R/U)
6. Draw the circuit diagram of full wave bridge rectifier with filter and name its parts.
(R/U)
7. Write a short note on Zener diode. (U)
8. Explain the function of Zener diode as voltage regulator with a simple circuit. (U)
9. Write short note on LED with applications. (U/A)
10. Write a short note on Photo diode with applications. (U/A)
11. Explain the construction of PNP transistor with its symbol. (U)
12. Explain the construction of NPN transistor with its symbol. (U)

TEN MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Explain half wave rectifier with a circuit diagram. (U)

2. Explain Full wave bridge rectifier with a circuit diagram. (U)
3. Explain full wave bridge rectifier with a filter with a circuit diagram. (U)
4. Explain LED and Photo diode with their symbols and applications. (U)
5. Explain the working of transistor as a switch with a circuit diagram. (U)

CO3:Understand the purpose, construction, working and ratings of different batteries

and electrical systems used in Automobiles.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. List different automotive electrical systems with their functions. (R)

2. List merits and demerits of earth return system. (R)
3. List merits and demerits of insulated system.(R)
4. List merits and demerits of positive earth return system. (R)
5. List merits and demerits of negative earth return system. (R)
6. Draw symbols of any five automotive electrical components. (R/U)
7. State the difference between lead acid battery and nickel alkaline battery. (A)
8. Explain charging and discharging of lead acid battery with a chemical equation. (U)
9. Explain the terms cell voltage and battery capacity. (U)
10. Explain the term battery rating and list its types. (U)
11. Explain the terms battery efficiency and cell voltage. (U)
12. Explain the need of separators and ribs at the bottom of battery casing. (U)
13. Explain the construction of plates with a sketch. (U)

TEN MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Explain the construction and working of lead acid battery with charging and
discharging chemical reactions. (U)
2. Explain the construction and working of nickel iron battery with charging and
discharging Chemical reactions. (U)

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 11

 3. Explain the construction and working of nickel cadmium battery with charging and
discharging chemical reactions (U)

CO4:Explain the purpose, circuits, construction and working of components of

charging and starting system.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Draw the circuit diagram of charging system with DC generator and state the
functions of each part of the circuit. (U)
2. Explain the working principle of DC generator with a sketch. (U)
3. Illustrate the need of cut-out relay and current regulator. (A)
4. Illustrate the need of current regulator and voltage regulator. (A)
5. Explain the working principle of alternator with a sketch. (U)
6. State the differences between generator output regulation and alternator output
regulation.(A)
7. State any five comparisons between generator and alternator. (A)
8. State the functions of rectifier and voltage regulator in alternator. (A)
9. Draw the circuit diagram of electronic voltage regulator and label its parts. (U)
10. Draw the circuit diagram of starting system and state the functions of each part of the
circuit. (U/A)
11. Explain the working principle of starting motor with a sketch. (U)
12. Explain the need of copper as brush material, series and shunt field winding in
starting motor. (A)
13. Explain the need of solenoid switch and drive mechanism in starting system. (A)
14. Explain the construction and working of solenoid switch with a sketch. (U)
15. Explain the construction and working of over running clutch with a sketch.(U)

TEN MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Explain the construction and working of DC generator with a sketch. (U)

2. Explain the construction and working of Alternator with a sketch. (U)
3. Explain the construction and working of electronic regulator with a circuit diagram.
(U)
4. Explain the construction and working of series shunt motor with a sketch also
explains the need of shunt field winding. (U)
5. Explain the construction and working of Standard Bendix drive mechanism with a
sketch. (U)
6. Explain the construction and working of positive engaging drive with over running
clutch mechanism with a sketch. (U)
7. Explain the construction and working of axial sliding armature drive with a sketch.
(U)

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 12

 CO5: Understand purpose, circuits, construction and working og components of
ignition system

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. State the functions of ignition system and list types. (R)

2. Draw the coil ignition system circuit and label the parts. (R/U)
3. Explain the construction and working of ignition coil with a neat sketch. (U)
4. Explain the need of changing ignition timing with engine speed and load. (A)
5. State the meaning of firing order and explain the need of firing order. (A)
6. State the comparisons between battery coil ignition system and High tension magneto
ignition system. (A)
7. State the meaning of heat range of spark plug and its importance. (A)
8. State the meaning of reach of spark plug and its importance. (A)
9. State the meaning of spark plug gap and its importance. (A)

TEN MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Explain the working of battery coil ignition system circuit diagram. (U)
2. Explain the working of High tension rotating magnet type ignition with a circuit
diagram. (U)
3. Explain the construction and working of spark plug with a sketch. (U)
4. Explain the meaning of terms used in specification of spark plugs. (U)

CO6: Explain purpose, circuits, construction and working of components of lighting

and accessories system.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Draw the circuit diagram of head light system and label the parts. (R/U)
2. Explain the need and working of dipper switch with a sketch. (A)
3. State the function of bulb in head light and list different types of bulbs used in
automobile. (U/A)
4. State the need of fuses and list different types of fuses used in Automobile.(A)
5. Draw the circuit diagram of side indicator and label its parts. (U)
6. Explain the working of parking light with a circuit diagram .(U)
7. Explain the working of brake light with a circuit diagram. (U)
8. Explain the working of reverse gear light with a circuit diagram. (U)
9. Draw the circuit diagram of fuel level gauge and label the parts. (R/U)
10. Draw the circuit diagram of temperature gauge and label the parts. (R/U)
11. Draw the circuit diagram of pressure gauge and label the parts. (R/U)
12. Draw the circuit diagram of electrical horn and label the parts. (R/U)
13. Draw the circuit diagram of wind screen wiper and label the parts. (R/U)

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 13

 14. State the functions of speedometer, odometer and relay. (A)
15. State the functions of windscreen wiper horn and relay. (A)
16. Explain the construction and working of odometer with a sketch. (U)
17. Explain the meaning and need of wiring harness and color codes of cables.(A)
18. Explain the meaning and need of wiring harness and cable connectors also list types
of cable connectors. (A)

TEN MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Explain the working of head light system with a circuit diagram. (U)

2. Explain the construction and working of head light with a sketch. (U)

3. Explain the construction and working of electric horn with a sketch. (U)

4. Explain the construction and working of wind screen wiper mechanism with a sketch.
(U)
5. State the need of speedometer and odometer and also explain the construction and
working of Speedo meter with a sketch (U/A)

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 14

 Board Of Technical Examination

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Automotive Electrical and Electronics Systems

Max Marks: 100 Time: 3 Hr

Note: 1. Answer any six questions from PART-A and each question carries five marks.

2. Answer any seven questions from PART-B and each question carries ten
marks.

PART-A

1. State the definition of electrical energy and list its sources.

2. State the definition of capacitance and inductance with their respective units.
3. Write a short note on Zener diode.
4. Explain N type semiconductor with a sketch of lattice structure.
5. List different automotive electrical systems with their functions.
6. List merits and demerits of earth return system.
7. Draw the circuit diagram of starting system and state the functions of each part of the
circuit.
8. Explain the need of cut-out relay and current regulator.
9. State the functions of ignition system and list types.
10.
11. Explain the construction and working of ignition coil with a neat sketch.
12. State the need of fuses and list different types of fuses used in Automobile.
13. Draw the circuit diagram of head light system and label the parts.

PART-B

1. Define AC current and explain different terms used to explain AC current.

2. Explain Full wave bridge rectifier with a circuit diagram
3. Explain the construction and working of nickel iron battery with charging and
discharging Chemical reactions.
4. Explain the construction and working of Alternator with a sketch.
5. Explain the construction and working of electronic regulator with a circuit diagram.
6. Explain the working of battery ignition system with a circuit diagram.
7. Explain the meaning of terms used in specification of spark plug s.
8. a. Explain the importance of spark plug gap.
b. Draw the circuit diagram of parking light system and label parts.
9. Explain the construction and working of head light with a sketch.
10. Explain the construction and working of windscreen wiper mechanism with a sketch.

-------------------

Directorate Of Technical Education, Karnataka State 15AT42T Page 15