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    Vector-Valued Function

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    Pearly Mel S Go
    This document discusses vector-valued functions, which describe curves in space parametrically using coordinate functions x(t), y(t), z(t). Key concepts covered include representing curves using parametric equations, differentiation and integration of vector-valued functions, arc length of curves, and curvature. Examples are provided for evaluating limits, derivatives, integrals, arc length, and curvature of vector-valued functions describing various curves.

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    Vector-Valued Function

    Uploaded by

    Pearly Mel S Go
    59 views21 pages
    This document discusses vector-valued functions, which describe curves in space parametrically using coordinate functions x(t), y(t), z(t). Key concepts covered include representing curves using parametric equations, differentiation and integration of vector-valued functions, arc length of curves, and curvature. Examples are provided for evaluating limits, derivatives, integrals, arc length, and curvature of vector-valued functions describing various curves.

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    This document discusses vector-valued functions, which describe curves in space parametrically using coordinate functions x(t), y(t), z(t). Key concepts covered include representing curves using parametric equations, differentiation and integration of vector-valued functions, arc length of curves, and curvature. Examples are provided for evaluating limits, derivatives, integrals, arc length, and curvature of vector-valued functions describing various curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views21 pages

    Vector-Valued Function

    Uploaded by

    Pearly Mel S Go
    This document discusses vector-valued functions, which describe curves in space parametrically using coordinate functions x(t), y(t), z(t). Key concepts covered include representing curves using parametric equations, differentiation and integration of vector-valued functions, arc length of curves, and curvature. Examples are provided for evaluating limits, derivatives, integrals, arc length, and curvature of vector-valued functions describing various curves.

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    of 21

    VECTOR-VALUED FUNCTION

    MATH23-1
    1ST Quarter
    AY 2016-2017
    Vector-valued function

    A parametric curve C in the plane is a pair of functions


    and x  f (t ) y  g (t )
    that gives x and y as continuous function of the real number
    t (the parameter) in some interval I.
    When a point moves along a curve in three
    z dimensional space, the point’s changing
    position can be described by means of
    parametric equations
    x  f (t ) , y  g (t ) , z  h(t )
    that specifies its coordinates as functions of
    time t.

    A parametric curve C in space is simply a


    triple (f, g, h) of such coordinate functions.

    o y The changing location of a point moving


    r along the parametric curve can be
     described by giving its position vector
    ( x, y, z )
    known as a vector-valued function
    r (t )  x(t )i  y(t ) j  z(t )k
    x r (t )  x(t ), y(t ), z (t )
    or simply r  xi  yj  zk  x, y, z
    whose components are the coordinates of
    the moving point.
    EXAMPLES
    1. Evaluate, if possible, the vector-valued function
    1
    𝑟 𝑡 = ln 𝑡 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 3𝑡𝑘 given
    𝑡
    a) 𝑟(2)
    b) 𝑟(−3)
    c) 𝑟(𝑡 − 4)
    2. Find 𝑟(𝑡) given 𝑟 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖 + 3𝑡𝑗 − 4𝑡𝑘.
    3. Represent the line segment from
    𝑃 −2, 5, −3 , 𝑄 −1, 4, 9 by a vector-valued
    function and by a set of parametric equations.
    Limit of a Vector-Valued Function
    Continuity of a Vector-Valued
    Function
    EXAMPLES
    1. Find the limit (if it exists).
    a) lim(𝑡𝑖 + cos 𝑡 𝑗 + sin 𝑡 𝑘)
    𝑡→𝜋
    2 1−cos 𝑡
    b) lim 𝑡 𝑖 + 3𝑡𝑗 + 𝑡
    𝑘
    𝑡→0
    2. Determine whether 𝑟(𝑡) is continuous at 𝑡 =
    0.
    a) 𝑟 𝑡 = 3 sin 𝑡 𝑖 + 3𝑡𝑗
    2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡
    b) 𝑟 𝑡 = 𝑡 𝑖 + 𝑡
    𝑗 + 𝑡𝑘
    EXAMPLES
    3. Determine the interval on which the vector-
    valued-function is continuous.
    1
    a) 𝑟 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖 + 𝑡 𝑗
    b) 𝑟 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖 + arcsin 𝑡 𝑗 + 𝑡 − 1 𝑘
    Differentiation of vector-valued
    function
    Component wise differentiation
    Suppose that
    r (t )  f (t ), g (t ), h(t )  f (t )i  g (t ) j  h(t )k
    Where f, g, and h are differentiable functions, then
    r ' (t )  f ' (t ), g ' (t ), h' (t )  f ' (t )i  g ' (t ) j  h' (t )k
    That is, if r  xi  yj  zk then

    dr dx dy dz
     i j k
    dt dt dt dt
    DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS FOR
    VECTOR-VALUED FUNCTION
    EXAMPLES
    1. Find 𝑟′(𝑡) and 𝑟′′(𝑡) for each of the following:
    a) 𝑟 𝑡 = 2𝑡 + 3 2 𝑖 − 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑗
    b) 𝑟 𝑡 = cos 2𝑡 𝑖 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡 𝑗
    𝑡5 3
    c) 𝑟 𝑡 = tan 𝑡 𝑖 + 2 𝑗
    2. If 𝑟 𝑡 = 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑖 + ln 𝑡 3 𝑗 ,find 𝐷𝑡 𝑟(𝑡) ∙ 𝑟′(𝑡) .
    3. If 𝑟 𝑡 = sin 3𝑡 𝑖 − cos 2𝑡 𝑗 find 𝐷𝑡 𝑟′(𝑡) ∙
    EXAMPLES
    4. Let 𝑟 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖 + 𝑡 2 𝑗 + 𝑡 3 𝑘, find
    lim 𝑟(𝑡) ∙ 𝑟 ′ 𝑡 𝑥 𝑟′′(𝑡) ]
    𝑡→2
    Integration of vector-valued function

    r (t )dt  i   f (t )dt   j   g (t )dt 


    b b b
    a a  a 

    a
    b
     b
    r (t )dt  R(t )  R(b)  R(a)
    a

     r (t )dt  R(t )  C if R' (t )  r (t )


    EXAMPLES
    Evaluate the following integrals.
    1. 5𝑖 + 4𝑡𝑗 𝑑𝑡
    2. 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑒 −𝑡 , 3𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
    2
    3. 0
    𝑡 𝑖 + 2𝑡 2 𝑗 𝑑𝑡
    𝜋
    4. 4
    0
    sec 𝑡 tan 𝑡 𝑖 + tan 𝑡 𝑗 + 2 sin 𝑡 cos 𝑡 𝑘 𝑑𝑡
    2
    5. 0
    𝑡 𝑖 + 𝑒 𝑡 𝑗 − 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 𝑘 𝑑𝑡
    ARC LENGTH
    EXAMPLES
    1. Find the arc length of the curve given by
    4 3 2 1 2
    𝑟 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖 + 𝑡 𝑗 + 𝑡 𝑘
    3 2
    from 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 2.
    2. Find the arc length of the space curve 𝑟 𝑡 =
    3𝜋
    4𝑡, − cos 𝑡, sin 𝑡 over the interval 0, .
    2
    CURVATURE
    𝑟′(𝑡)
    𝐓 𝑡 =
    𝑟′(𝑡)
    EXAMPLES
    Find the curvature K of the curve given by the
    following vector equations.
    2 1 3
    1. 𝑟 𝑡 = 2𝑡𝑖 + 𝑡 𝑗 − 3
    𝑡 𝑘
    2. 𝑟 𝑡 = 4𝑡𝑖 + 3 cos 𝑡𝑗 + 3 sin 𝑡𝑘

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