Lesson Skill Book FINAL

Learning Objectives:
1. Understands the importance of having a holistic perspective in coping

with 21st century challenges.
2. Evaluates processes in doing philosophy towards self-understanding.
3. Upholds the importance of philosophy in obtaining holistic
perspective
in life.
4. Expresses the importance of philosophical reflection on a concrete situation.
5. Reflects how one can accomplish universal progress and change.
6. Advocates philosophical reflections in developing inner refinement.
One of the key elements in many educational reforms is diversity, difference and
choice or other proposals that establish separate curricular routes for different groups or
individuals. Diversity is the difference that makes each person unique. Sometimes we have
difficulty in accepting others because they are different from us. Yet, such behavior can limit
a person’s opportunities or can make the person feel excluded or aggrieved. Educational
challenge in the 21st century entails how to deal appropriately with cultural and racial
multiplicity and that one does not engage in harassment of any form. (Kurcinka2006)
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
1. How does philosophy help a person obtain a holistic perspective in life?
2. How does a person with holistic perspective in life face the
21st century challenges?
3. What is the significance of philosophy in a person’s whole being?
Activity 1: Poetry Analysis

Watch the video clip about the poem Six Blind men and the Elephant by John Godfrey Saxe’s, a
classic Indian legend. Answer the questions that follow.
1. Did anyone among the blind men give the correct answer? Why or why not?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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2. In the context of the elephant story, what do you think is a holistic perspective? What is a
partial point of view?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. What is the importance of the holistic perspective as pointed out by the poet John Godfrey
Saxe?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. In the last stanza, John Godfrey Saxe related the legend to the religious wars during his
time. What do you think John Godfrey Saxe trying to say in the poem?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the importance of the holistic perspective as pointed out by the poet John Godfrey
Saxe?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6. In the last stanza, John Godfrey Saxe related the legend to the religious wars during his
time. What do you think John Godfrey Saxe trying to say in the poem?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2: Brainstorming using the Picture Analysis
Direction: Analyze the pictures presented. Answer the questions given in each of the pictures.
What do you think is the message

conveyed?
1.
What is the meaning of the symbol?
2.
What is the meaning of the symbol?
3.
4.
What virtue do you value most?Why?

(Wisdom, beauty, honesty or open-mindedness?)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. List at least 5 positive and negative Filipino values you know.

Positive Negative
6.
What is holism?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
The Meaning of Philosophy

Etymologically, the word “philosophy’ comes from the two Greek words, philo,
meaning “to love” and sophia, meaning “wisdom”. Philosophy originally meant, “love of wisdom” and
in a broad sense, wisdom is still the goal of philosophy. Philosophy is also defined as that by natural
light of reason studies the first cause of highest principles of all things.
How to explain philosophy in the following studies:

1. Science – it is called science because the investigation is systematic. It follows steps or it
employs certain procedures
2. Natural Light of Reason – Philosophy investigates things not by using any other laboratory
instrument or investigative tools, neither on the basis of supernatural revelation, otherwise it
becomes theology; instead the philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply, human
reason alone or the so - called unaided reason.
3. Study of all things – This sets the distinction between philosophy from other sciences. All
other Sciences concern themselves with a particular object of investigation
FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE:

1. Principle of Identity: Whatever it is, and whatever is not is not.
2. Principle of Non - Contradiction – It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same
time, and at the same respect.
3. Principle of Excluded Middle – A thing is either is or is not, everything must be either be and
not be
4. Principle of sufficient Reason – nothing exist without a sufficient reason
Socrates: Commented [A1]:
“To be happy, a person has

to live a virtuous life”
Virtue is not something to be taught or acquired through education, but rather, it is merely
an awakening of the seeds of good deeds that lay dormant in the mind and heart of a person.
Branches of Philosophy
 Metaphysics- only an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being
to know what is real. The question is how to account for this unreal thing in terms of what
you can accept as real.
 Ethics- explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions. It is generally the
study of the nature of moral judgement
 Epistemology – deals with nature, sources, limitations and validity of knowledge (Soccio
2007) Epistemological questions are basic to all other philosophical inquiries.
Epistemological data explains how we know what we claim to know.
 Logic – Greek word logike (coined by Zeno, the Stoic(c. 340-265B.C.)
It means treatise on matters pertaining to the human thought
Logic is concerned with the truth and the validity of our arguments regarding such objects.
 Aesthetics – the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations including the sublime,
comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly.
Make a reflection paper about the following topics. Choose one only.
What values shall I Live in the World?
What constitutes a Human Person?
How much freedom should we have? Who should decide?
Women’s equal rights
Artificial Intelligence
Why Become a Philosopher?

On Attaining a Comprehensive Outlook in Life
a.1 Expanding our Philosophical Frames: Western and Non-Western Traditions
According to many philosophers there are three great original centers of
philosophy in the world- Greek (or Western), Indian and Chinese. All these three arose as
a critical reflections on their own cultural traditions.
From the time of the Greek triumvirate ( Socrates, Plato and Aristotle), there
was a reversal. The western thinkers started to indulge in feverish philosophical activity.
At present , almost all the major philosophical ideas emanate from western thinkers
(Quito 1991)
Quito, 1991 stated that the world becomes smaller. It is increasingly
important to develop an understanding of culture centers around the globe that are very
different from our own. Each society or culture has its own ideas of itself, a definition of
what is important in life, and its own ideas of itself, a definition of what is important in
life, and its own notions of what the world is like in general terms; thus, each day or culture
can be said to have its own “philosophy”
a.2 Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global

a.2.1 Holistic and Interior Dimensions
Kagandahang-loob, kabutihang-loob and kalooban are terms that show
sharing of one’s self to others. According to Mercado (1992), interiority manifest itself in
freedom. Loob puts one in touch with his fellow beings. Great Philippine values , in fact
are essentially interpersonal. The use of intermediaries or go betweens, the values of
loyalty, hospitality, pakikisama (camaraderie, conformism), and respect to authority are
such values that relate to persons. Eventually, we Filipinos generally believe in the innate
goodness of the human being.
a.2.2 Filipino Philosophy of Time

Filipinos are definitely optimistic. He looks to the future with hope because
he believes that life’s wheel can not stay down forever. He also looks at every event in life
as fortunate or unfortunate, or as passing or other else.
a.2.3 Bahala Na
Subconsciously Bahala na attitude is a part of the Filipino life. It means to live
everything to God who is Bathala. It is one of the most outstanding Filipino virtues. It also
refers to the courage to take risks.
a.2.4 Filipino Thought and Values: Positive and Negative Aspects

The Philippine values and system in line with Filipino philosophy, are in grim
need to be used as positive motivation. The Filipino sees himself belonging to a small,
primary group in the society.
a.3 Philosophy: Transcending and Aiming a Life of Abundance

Aguilar 2010 stated that abundance means to overflow non-stop. Abundance
is outflowing than in-coming. It does not refers to the increase of material things or people
but our relationship with others, ourselves, and with nature.
 Abundance is not what we gather but we scatter
 Abundance is not what we keep but we give away.
 Abundance is not what we hold but what we share.
 Abundance is a choice.
 Abundance is to evolve into a higher being
Tracking and Analyzing your Purpose through Photo Essay

Draw a timeline by making a photo essay. This exercise aims to examine the wackiest and
worsts times; in search of the meaning behind your life. This can help you identify more skillfully
the kinds of activities, conditions, locations and people combinations where your purpose is well
served and where it is abused. Consider your childhood, formal education experiences and
others. During this times you experienced very poor results and very strong dissatisfaction. If you
learn something new about your purpose, make note of it.
Photo Essay Rubrics
Criteria POINTS SCORE

Cover Photo has name, date and title 5
Works cited page/ accurately cited 15
Facts per slide were written 5
Complete and grammatically correct 15
sentences were used
Overall appearance (Organized in a 10

logical order) (Text and images were
clear)
TOTAL 50 points

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Learning Objectives:

1. Understands the importance of having a holistic perspective in coping

Activity 1: Poetry Analysis

What do you think is the message

What is the meaning of the symbol?

What is the meaning of the symbol?

What virtue do you value most?Why?

5. List at least 5 positive and negative Filipino values you know.

The Meaning of Philosophy

How to explain philosophy in the following studies:

FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE:

Socrates: Commented [A1]:

“To be happy, a person has

Why Become a Philosopher?

a.2 Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global

a.2.2 Filipino Philosophy of Time

a.2.4 Filipino Thought and Values: Positive and Negative Aspects

a.3 Philosophy: Transcending and Aiming a Life of Abundance

Tracking and Analyzing your Purpose through Photo Essay

Criteria POINTS SCORE

Overall appearance (Organized in a 10

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