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932-1 : 1997
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Tests for general |
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Part 1. Methods for sampling |
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The European Standard EN 932-1 : 1996 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 91.100.20 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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BS EN 932-1 : 1997

Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee
B/502, Aggregates, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Consulting Engineers

Association of Lightweight Aggregate Manufacturers
British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries
British Cement Association
British Iron and Steel Producers' Association
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
British Ready Mixed Concrete Association
Department of the Environment
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Department of Transport (Highways Agency)
Electricity Association
Institute of Concrete Technology
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
Sand and Gravel Association Limited
Society of Chemical Industry

The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through
subcommittees and panels:

British Civil Engineering Test Equipment Manfacturers' Association

County Surveyors' Society
Department of Trade and Industry (National Measurement Accreditation Service)

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board for
Building and Civil Engineering,
was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
15 May 1997
Amendments issued since publication
 BSI 1997
Amd. No. Date Text affected

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/502
Draft for comment 92/19731 DC

ISBN 0 580 26804 7

 BS EN 932-1 : 1997

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Foreword 2
Text of EN 932-1 3

 BSI 1997 i
BS EN 932-1 : 1997

National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee B/502. It is the
English language version of EN 932-1 : 1996 Tests for general properties of
aggregates Ð Part 1: Methods for sampling published by the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN).
It forms part of a group of European Standards dealing with test methods for
aggregates which are being developed by CEN/TC 154 to verify requirements which
will be specified in European product standards for aggregates for various end uses.
It is intention that this standard will be included in a `package' of European Standards
to be declared by CEN/TC 154 and when all the associated European test methods for
aggregates are available, this Part of this European Standard will supersede BS 812 :
Part 102 : 1989 Testing aggregates Part 102. Methods for sampling.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN
title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.

ii  BSI 1997
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 932-1
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM August 1996

ICS 91.100.21

Descriptors: Aggregates, sampling, samples, samplers, marking

English version

Test for general properties of aggregates Ð

Part 1. Methods for sampling

Essais pour deÂterminer les proprieÂteÂs geÂneÂrales des PruÈfverfahren fuÈr allgemeine Eigenschaften von
granulats Ð GesteinskoÈrnungen Ð
Partie 1: MeÂthodes d'eÂchantillonnage Teil 1: Probenahmeverfahren

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-07-26. CEN members are
bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

 1996 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved in all countries to
CEN and its members.
Ref. No. EN 932-1 : 1996 E
Page 2
EN 932-1 : 1996

Foreword According to CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the

national standards organizations of the following
This European Standard has been prepared by countries are bound to implement this European
Technical Committee CEN/TC 154, Aggregates, the Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Secretariat of which is held by BSI. Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
This European Standard shall be given the status of a Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
national standard, either by publication of an identical Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 1997,
and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 1997.
Contents
This European Standard is one of a series of standards
for tests for general properties of aggregates as listed Page
below.
Foreword 2
prEN 932-2: Tests for general properties of 1 Scope 3
aggregates 2 Normative references 3
Part 2: Methods for reducing
laboratory samples 3 Definitions 3
EN 932-3: Tests for general properties of 4 Principles of sampling 3
aggregates 5 Bulk sample and sampling increment
Part 3: Procedure and terminology for quantity and number 3
simplified petrographic description 6 Sampling plan 4
prEN 932-4: Tests for general properties of 7 Apparatus 4
aggregates
Part 4: Quantitative and qualitative 8 Sampling procedures 4
system for description and 9 Sample reduction 5
petrography1)
10 Marking, packaging and dispatch of
prEN 932-5: Tests for general properties of the samples 6
aggregates
11 Sampling report 6
Part 5: Common equipment and
calibration Annex A (informative) Examples of
equipment for sampling and sample
prEN 932-6: Tests for general properties of
reduction 8
aggregates
Part 6: Definitions of repeatability Annex B (informative) Measurement of
and reproducibility sampling variation 13
prEN 932-7: Tests for general properties of Annex C (informative) Examples of
aggregates methods for sampling from conical
Part 7: Conformity criteria for test stockpiles 14
results1) Annex D (informative) The use of random
numbers for random selection 15
Test methods for other properties of aggregates are
covered by Parts of the following European Standards: Annex E (informative) Bibliography 18

EN 933 Tests for geometrical properties of

aggregates
EN 1097 Tests for mechanical and physical
properties of aggregates
EN 1367 Tests for thermal and weathering
properties of aggregates
EN 1744 Tests for chemical properties of
aggregates

1) In course of preparation.

 BSI 1997
 Page 3
EN 932-1 : 1996

1 Scope 3.5 subsample

This European Standard specifies methods for A sample obtained from sampling increments or a bulk
obtaining samples of aggregates from deliveries, sample by means of a sample reduction procedure.
preparation and processing plants including stocks. 3.6 laboratory sample
The aim of sampling is to obtain a bulk sample that is A reduced sample derived from a bulk sample for
representative of the average properties of the batch. laboratory testing.
The methods specified in this standard are also 3.7 sampler
suitable for obtaining sampling increments which may An individual, a number of individuals working as a
be tested separately. team, or an organization, taking samples on a routine
Methods to be used for sample reduction are also basis.
given.
The methods specified in this European Standard are 4 Principles of sampling
based on manual procedures. Mechanical, or automatic Proper and careful sampling and sample transport is a
sampling and sample reduction may also be used. prerequisite for an analysis that will give reliable
Criteria for the design and the assessment of such results. The correct use of the specified apparatus
equipment are given in annex A. helps to avoid biased sampling. Sampling variation
The methods specified in this European Standard are caused by the heterogeneity of the batch is reduced to
limited to civil engineering purposes. an acceptable level by taking an adequate number of
sampling increments. If the aggregate is homogenized
by production processes, one large increment may be
2 Normative references representative of the batch.
This European Standard incorporates by dated or Sampling increments are selected at random from all
undated reference provisions from other publications. parts of the batch that the bulk sample is to represent.
These normative references are cited at the Aggregate from which no sampling increment can be
appropriate places in the text and the publications are taken (because it is not accessible, or for some other
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent practical reason) shall not be considered to be part of
amendments to or revisions of any of these the batch that is represented by the bulk sample. For
publications apply to this European Standard only example, if sampling increments are taken from
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For aggregate discharged from a silo, the bulk sample
undated references the latest edition of the publication represents the aggregate that has been discharged, not
referred to applies. the aggregate remaining in the silo.
The sampler shall be informed of the aim of the
prEN 932-5 Tests for general properties of sampling.
aggregates
Part 5: Common equipment and
calibration
5 Bulk sample and sampling increment
quantity and number
The bulk sample quantity shall be calculated taking
3 Definitions into account the nature and number of tests, the
For the purposes of this European Standard, the aggregate sizes, and the density of the aggregate. If
following definitions apply: there is a need for testing separate sampling
increments, instead of the bulk sample, the quantity of
3.1 batch
the sampling increments shall be calculated on the
A production quantity, a delivery quantity, a partial same parameters as given above. Choose the number
delivery quantity (railway wagon-load, lorry- load, of sampling increments taken to form the bulk sample
ship's cargo) or a stockpile produced at one time on the basis of past experience of sampling similar
under conditions that are presumed uniform. aggregates from similar production processes. This
NOTE. With a continuous process the quantity produced during an experience shall preferably be the recorded result of
agreed period is treated as a batch. experiments.
3.2 sampling increment NOTE 1. It is recommended that the minimum mass of a bulk
sample be calculated in accordance with the following equation:
A quantity of material taken from a batch by one
M = 6 3 √D 3 rb
operation of the sampling apparatus. where:
3.3 bulk sample
M is the mass of the sample, in kilograms;
An aggregation of the sampling increments.
D is the maximum grain size, in millimetres;
3.4 representative sample rb is the loose bulk density, in megagrams per cubic metre,
A bulk sample created by taking sampling increments determined as specified in prEN 1097-3.
according to a sampling plan, which makes it likely NOTE 2. A procedure that producers can use to check that they
that the quality of this sample corresponds to that of are taking numbers of sampling increments that are adequate for
the batch. their products and processes is given in annex B.

 BSI 1997
Page 4
EN 932-1 : 1996

6 Sampling plan 8.2 Sampling from stationary conveyor belts

A sampling plan shall be prepared, prior to sampling, NOTE 1. Sampling should only be started after a preliminary run
to ensure that possible irregularities in the pass do not cause a
taking into account the aggregate size, the nature and false sample to be taken.
size of the batch, the local circumstances and the
purposes of sampling. It shall include: All sampling increments shall be taken at the same
sampling point. The material shall be taken across the
± the type of the aggregates; complete cross section of the belt in every sampling
± the aim of the sampling including a list of the increment.
properties to be tested; NOTE 2. The sampling frame (see A.3) should be used to separate
± the identification of the sampling points; the material that is to be taken as the sampling increment at the
sampling point. As an alternative to the use of the sampling frame
± the approximate mass of sampling increments; a shovel or a flat piece of metal can be used to separate the
± the number of sampling increments; sampling increment at both ends from the material remaining on
the belt. This increment should have the length of about three
± the sampling apparatus to be used; times the width of the material stream on the belt or a minimum
mass as calculated according to the equation given in clause 5.
± the methods of sampling and sample reduction
with reference to the clauses of this European 8.3 Sampling at belt and chute discharge points
Standard; NOTE 1. Mechanical apparatus provides the most practical means
± the marking, packaging and dispatch of the of taking samples from belt and chute discharge points. Manual
samples. sampling should be avoided if possible, due to both errors and
dangers involved.
The period during which the sampling is to be done
7 Apparatus shall be divided into a number of equal intervals, and a
All apparatus shall comply with the general sampling increment shall be taken in the middle of
requirements of prEN 932-5. each interval.
NOTE 1. General advice for apparatus to be used in sampling and A sampling increment shall be taken by passing the
sample reduction is given in annex A. sampling receptacle e.g. the sampling box (see A.4)
In all cases the width w of the opening of apparatus through the discharge stream in a uniform movement,
used in sampling shall be not less than three times the making sure that the complete cross section of the
upper aggregate size of the batch and in no case less stream of material is intercepted.
than 10 mm. NOTE 2. Where appropriate, sampling should only be started after
NOTE 2. The same applies to the dimensions indicated in the a preliminary run to ensure that possible irregularities in the pass
figures of annex A. do not cause a false sample to be taken.
NOTE 3. Samples can also be taken at the discharge from a
Equipment to be used in sample reduction is also given screen by the same method.
in annex A.
NOTE 3. In all cases, alternative designs may be used so long as 8.4 Sampling of pneumatically transported
the essential dimensions of width of opening and length are met aggregates
and the devices can be used to fulfil the sampling methods
described in clause 8 or the reduction methods described in
Sampling from the pneumatic transport in a plant shall
clause 9. be carried out in accordance with 8.3 and by means of
sampling equipment installed by the producer.
8 Sampling procedures This sampling equipment, mostly based on a by-pass
principle, shall be designed in such a way that the
8.1 General whole stream of the aggregate can be interrupted to
Regulations for safety and ergonomics shall be form an increment through the bypass.
followed. 8.5 Sampling of packed aggregates
NOTE 1. The sampling methods will inevitably involve the When aggregate is packed in bags, drums or other
samplers working close to processing plant and moving vehicles.
Those involved in the planning and execution of sampling should small containers, a bulk sample shall be obtained by
work closely with the operational management to ensure safe selecting a number of packs at random.
working practices. NOTE. A whole pack can be taken as a sampling increment, or the
NOTE 2. Aggregates should preferably be sampled from a sampling spear (see A.6) used to take one sampling increment
stationary conveyor belt or from the stream of material. Sampling from each of the selected packs, or each of the selected packs can
increments should be taken at regular intervals throughout the be reduced by one of the procedures described in clause 9.
period the batch is in motion.
NOTE 3. When sampling from stockpiles as described in 8.8 is
carried out, it is difficult to satisfy the principle of taking sampling
increments at random from all parts of the batch, so that
segregation can cause the sampling to produce biased results.
Therefore, this method, wherever possible, should be avoided.
Manual sampling with shovels or scoops etc shall not
be applied to moving materials.

 BSI 1997
 Page 5
EN 932-1 : 1996

Whenever possible random selection of packs shall be In other situations, proper sampling from railway
achieved by selecting packs at random times as they wagons, lorries or ships may not be possible. Sampling
pass a chosen sampling point during loading or shall therefore be carried out wherever possible during
unloading, or by numbering all the packs and using loading or discharge according to 8.2, 8.3 or 8.6. Only
random numbers (see annexes D and E). when this is not possible, the aggregate shall be
discharged to form a stockpile and sampled according
8.6 Sampling of material in bucket conveyors,
to 8.8.
bucket loaders, or grabs
Each sampling increment shall consist of the entire
contents of a grab or bucket. 9 Sample reduction
NOTE. When this gives too large a sampling increment, it should 9.1 General
be reduced by one of the methods described in clause 9, or
discharged to form a small stockpile and sampled according The procedure described in 9.2 shall preferably be
to 8.8. used for the preparation of laboratory samples from
bulk samples of aggregates. The procedures described
8.7 Sampling from a silo
in 9.4, 9.5 and 9.6 may be used when the other
Sampling at an outlet shall be carried out in methods are not suitable or the devices are not
accordance with 8.3. available. All the procedures may also be used in
The silo shall be opened sufficiently to ensure a combination, for example by using quartering for the
uniform material flow without segregation; this first few reduction stages followed by riffling.
requires an aperture at least three times the diameter NOTE. For all-in aggregates with an upper aggregate size of more
of the maximum grain diameter. For aggregates with a than 63 mm, it may be suitable to remove aggregates coarser
lower size above 32 mm an aperture of at least 200 mm than 63 mm and treat them separately.
is required. If necessary, the bulk sample shall be brought to a
condition in which it is free-flowing but not so dry that
8.8 Sampling from stockpiles fines will be lost or accretion occurs.
Sampling increments of approximately equal size shall For mixing, and other operations that require a
be taken from different points at different heights or working surface, use a clean, flat, hard surface such as
depths, distributed over the complete stockpile (see a sampling tray (see A.9) or a glass plate (for fillers). If
figure 1). The location and number of sampling a shovel is required it shall be in accordance with
increments shall take into account the way in which clause 7.
the stockpile was built, its shape and the possibility of
segregation within the stockpile. A sampling increment If a rotatory sample divider is available it is preferred
shall be taken using a scoop (see A.1), a shovel for sample reduction.
(see A.2) or a grab (A.7) from the deepest point of 9.2 Reduction of a bulk sample using a riffle
each hole. box
Put the bulk sample into one of the riffle box
(see A.10) receptacles and place the other two in
position. Pour the aggregate from the long side of the
receptacle down the centre line of the riffle box.
Discard the aggregate that falls into one of the other
two receptacles. Repeat as many times as are needed
Figure 1. Sampling from flat stockpiles to arrive at the required size of laboratory sample.
If the bulk sample is too large to go into the riffle box
receptacle, divide up the bulk sample into subsamples
NOTE. Conical stockpiles present special problems. Further that are small enough, reduce each by the same
guidance on sampling from such stockpiles is given in annex C.
number of riffling stages, then combine the reduced
8.9 Sampling from railway wagons, lorries and subsamples.
ships
9.3 Reduction of sampling increments using a
Sampling of single-sized aggregates and of free flowing riffle box
fine aggregate from lorries may be carried out as
described in 8.8. When the sampling increments have been kept
separate, use the procedure described in 9.2 to reduce
Sampling of fine aggregate from lorries may also be each increment by the same number of riffling stages.
carried out by using the sampling tube (see A.5); each If required, combine the reduced sampling increments
sampling increment shall be taken by inserting the tube to form the laboratory sample.
vertically down through the full depth of the aggregate.

 BSI 1997
Page 6
EN 932-1 : 1996

9.4 Reduction of a bulk sample by quartering Take shovelfuls from the bulk sample and add them to
Place the bulk sample on the working surface and each of the n subsamples in turn, until the whole of
mix it thoroughly by heaping it up to form a cone, and the bulk sample has been used.
turning it over with the shovel to form a new cone. NOTE. For fractional shovelling, a shovel can be any item of
equipment that can be used to pick the aggregate off the working
Repeat this operation three times. When forming the surface, for example, a chemist's spatula or a mechanical shovel.
cones, deposit each shovelful on the peak of the new Using random numbers (see annexes D and E),
cone in such a way that the aggregate runs down all randomly select the subsample, or subsamples, that are
sides of the cone and is evenly distributed so that the to be retained.
different sizes become well-mixed.
Flatten the third cone, by inserting the shovel
repeatedly and vertically into the peak of the cone, 10 Marking, packaging and dispatch of
to form a flat heap which has a uniform thickness and the samples
diameter. The samples or containers shall be clearly and durably
Quarter the flat heap along two diagonals intersecting marked.
at right angles (see figure 2). Discard one pair of Marking shall include:
opposite quarters and shovel the remainder into a
stockpile. a) a unique code, or
b) identification of the laboratory samples, place of
sampling, date of sampling, and designation of the
material.
The laboratory samples shall be packed and
transported in such a way that their condition at the
time of sampling is preserved; e.g. all-in aggregate shall
be packed in clean containers such that fines cannot
be lost during transportation. If necessary, e.g. in order
to preserve the moisture or volatiles content of the
laboratory samples, the containers shall be given an
air-tight closure.
Figure 2. Reduction of a sample by
quartering
11 Sampling report
The sampler shall prepare a sampling report for each
Repeat the process of mixing and quartering until the laboratory sample or for each group of laboratory
required size of laboratory sample is obtained. samples from a single source. The sampling report
NOTE. The use of a plate or a quartering cross of wood or sheet shall refer to this European Standard and state:
metal which can be forced down through the heap, often a) the sampling report identification (serial number);
facilitates quartering in cases where the material tends to
segregate. b) the laboratory sample identification mark(s);
9.5 Reduction of sampling increments by c) the date and place of sampling;
quartering d) the grading type and size of the batch;
When the sampling increments have been kept e) sampling point or identification of the batch
separate, use the procedure described in 9.4 to reduce sampled;
each increment by the same number of quartering and f) a reference to the sampling plan prepared
mixing stages. If required, combine the reduced according to clause 6;
sampling increments to form the laboratory sample. g) the name of sampler(s).
9.6 Sample reduction by fractional shovelling NOTE. Depending on the circumstances other information can
be relevant. Figure 3 shows an example of a comprehensive
Fractional shovelling is a method of sample reduction sampling report.
in which a bulk sample is divided into a number of
subsamples of approximately equal mass, one (or
more) of which is then retained as the laboratory
sample.
Determine the approximate mass m (in kilograms) of
the bulk sample, and the number n of subsamples to
which it is to be reduced. Use a shovel that can hold
at most a mass (in kilograms) of m/(30n) of the
aggregate.

 BSI 1997
 BSI 1997

EN 932-1 Sampling report identification (serial number): Sampling procedure used (see clause 8):
Apparatus used: box/frame/spear/tube/scoop/shovel/mechanical
Laboratory sample identification mark: Number of packages: Mass of sampling increments:
Description of aggregate sampled Number of sampling increments:
Name of pit or quarry or production plant: Other comments:
Name of producer: Method of sampling reduction:
Type: Crushed rock/sand/gravel/... inland/marine Dispatch of the samples:
Uppper aggregate size: Sampler - Print name:
Nature of batch: Stockpile/Silo/Railway wagon/... Contract details
Purpose for which the aggregate is to be used: Contract identification:
Location of sampling point(s): Name and address of party requesting the sampling:
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
Identification of batch:
Size of batch: Names of persons present at sampling: ................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
Other comments (e.g warnings if appropriate):
Description of the sampling method
Date and time of sampling: Signatures: ................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
Reference to sampling plan used, if written:
Weather condition at the time of sampling:

EN 932-1 : 1996
Figure 3. Example of a sampling report

Page 7
Page 8
EN 932-1 : 1996

Annex A (informative) A.2 Shovel (see figure A.3)

Requirements for dimensions are given in clause 7.
Examples of equipment for sampling and
sample reduction A.3 Sampling frame (see figure A.4)
The sides of the sampling frame are parallel and
A.1 Scoop (see figures A.1 and A.2)
shaped to fit the conveyor belt and their length is
Requirements for dimensions are given in clause 7. approximately the breadth of the belt. The sides of the
sampling frame are high enough to prevent particles
spilling over the top. The opening w is at least three
times the maximum particle size.
A.4 Sampling box (see figure A.5)
The sides of the sampling box are vertical and
opposite sides are parallel. The edges around the top
of the sampling box are rounded. The capacity of the
sampling box is such that it is not more than half-
filled by a sampling increment. The width w of the
opening complies with clause 7. The length l of the
opening is large enough to allow the complete stream
of material to be intercepted. The depth of the
sampling box is such that no particles are lost by
jumping out of the box.
Figure A.1 Example of a sampling
scoop with a rectangular cross-section A.5 Sampling tube (see figure A.6)
The sampling tube consists of two tubes, one inside
the other.
Both tubes have openings down their operational
lengths, so that by turning one tube relative to the
other, aggregate is allowed to enter the sampling tube
and is then trapped in it.
The length l of the sampling tube is between 1000 mm
and 2000 mm. The width w of the openings of the inner
and outer tubes conforms to clause 7. The wall
thickness of the tubes are such that they will withstand
normal use without deformation.

Figure A.2 Example of a sampling

scoop with a circular cross-section

 BSI 1997
 Page 9
EN 932-1 : 1996

Figure A.3 Examples of a shovel

Figure A.4 Example of a sampling frame

 BSI 1997
Page 10
EN 932-1 : 1996

Figure A.5 Example of a sampling box

Figure A.6 Example of a sampling tube

 BSI 1997
 Page 11
EN 932-1 : 1996

A.6 Sampling spear (see figure A.7) ± the width of the cutting aperture complies with the
The sampling spear is a long, smooth tube with an requirements for w in clause 7.
obliquely cut front end. ± the speed of the cutter does not exceed
For sampling from stockpiles, the length l of the 0,3(1 + w0/w) m/s where w is the actual width of the
sampling spear is between 1000 mm and 2000 mm. The cutting aperture, and w0 is the minimum value
internal diameter w of the sampling spear conforms to allowed in clause 7.
clause 7. For sampling from packs the sampling spear NOTE 1. ISO 1988 and ISO 3082 (see annex E) give advice on
should be long enough to reach all the material in the the design and checking of machines suitable for the work and
give figures showing the principles of mechanical sampling
pack. apparatus.
NOTE 2. In connection with automated sampling, riffling
devices other than the riffle box are acceptable, provided the
recommendations of A.10 are followed.

A.9 Sampling tray

The sampling tray should be made from smooth,
corrosion-resistant material, large enough to mix the
sample without spillage.
A.10 Riffle box (see figure A.8)
The number of slots of the riffle box is even and not
less than eight. The width of the slots should be at
least twice the upper aggregate size to avoid bridging.
A.11 Rotatory sample dividers
Figure A.7 Example of a sampling spear Examples of rotary sample dividers (see 9.1) for
coarse aggregates and fine aggregates are given in
figures A.9 and A.10.
A.7 Sampling buckets and grabs
A.12 Containers
Requirements for dimensions are given in clause 7.
Containers for transport are clean, impervious, and
A.8 Criteria for mechanical sampling apparatus non-absorbent, such as bags made of plastics at
Apparatus for mechanical sampling is designed so that least 100 mm thick or buckets.
every particle in a batch has an equal probability of
being included in the bulk sample.
The design should ensure that:
± no overflow nor spillage of increments takes place;
± no clogging or impedance of the flow of aggregate
takes place in the apparatus;
± there is a complete emptying of the sample
container;
± no materials (for example, material from belt
scrapers and pulleys), other than the aggregate to be
sampled, is introduced into the increments;
± reduction in size, or breaking, of the particles is
kept to a minimum;
± the apparatus cuts a complete cross-section of the
aggregate stream clearing the stream;
± the apparatus cuts the aggregate stream either in a
plane perpendicular to, or along an arc normal to,
the mean trajectory path of the stream;
± the apparatus travels within the aggregate stream
at the same uniform speed each time an increment
is taken;
± the geometry of the cutting aperture allows each
point in the stream to be cut for the same length of Figure A.8 Example of a riffle box
time;

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Page 12
EN 932-1 : 1996

Figure A.9 Example of a rotary sample divider

for coarse aggregate

 BSI 1997
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EN 932-1 : 1996

Figure A.10 Example of a rotary sample divider for fine aggregate

Annex B (informative) laboratory sample. A test result on each test portion is

obtained using the test procedure chosen for the
Measurement of sampling variation purpose.
B.1 Introduction The sampling occasions may be spread over an
extended period.
This procedure can be used to check that the number
(k) of sampling increments taken to obtain bulk B.3 Calculations
samples is adequate for the test method used in the The following equations are valid only for duplicate
procedure. It allows the size of the sampling standard sampling.
deviation to be measured and compared with the
repeatability standard deviation. If the sampling n is the number of occasions on which
standard deviation exceeds the repeatability standard duplicate bulk samples are taken.
deviation the number of sampling increments should i= 1, 2 ... n is used to denote the occasions.
be increased from k to k9 (see B.4). A and B are used to distinguish the two bulk samples
B.2 Procedure taken on an occasion.
Using the sampling method that is to be assessed, mAi is the mean of the two test results from
duplicate bulk samples are taken on at least fifteen sample A occasion i.
occasions. Each bulk sample is reduced to a laboratory mBi is the mean of the two test results from
sample, then two test portions are produced from each sample B occasion i.

 BSI 1997
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EN 932-1 : 1996

dAi is the difference between the two test results base that is approximately circular), in which no
from sample A occasion i. regular patterns of segregation occur, the quantities
will be as shown in figure C.1, so take nineteen times
dBi is the difference between the two test results
as many sampling increments from the bottom
from sample B occasion i.
one-third of the stockpile, and seven times as many
from the middle one-third, as from the top one-third.
Calculation:
In a prismatic stockpile of fine aggregates (in which
Overall mean: x = ∑ (mAi + mBi)/(2n) the base is much longer in one direction than the
Repeatability Vr = ∑ (d2Ai + d2Bi)/(4n) other), in which no regular patterns of segregation
variance: occur, the quantities will be as shown in figure C.2, so
that five times as many sampling increments are taken
Variance between Vs = ∑ (mAi 2 mBi)2/(2n)
from the bottom one-third of the stockpile, and three
samples:
times as many from the middle one-third, as from the
Repeatability sr = √Vr top one-third.
standard deviation:
Sample standard ss = √(Vs 2 0,5Vr)
deviation:

B.4 Adjustment of number of increments 4%

If ss > sr , then the number of sampling increments
used is increased to obtain bulk samples for the test
method used in the assessment.
A suitable number of sampling increments k9 can be
estimated by the following equation: 26 %
k9 = k (ss/sr)2
where

k9 is the required number of sampling increments;

k is the number of sampling increments taken per 70 %
bulk sample in B.2;
sr is the repeatability standard deviation;
Figure C.1 Volume distribution in a
ss is the sample standard deviation. cone-shaped stockpile of fine aggregates or
single-sized aggregates (1 : 7 : 19)
Annex C (informative)
Examples of methods for sampling
conical stockpiles
C.1 Sampling from the interior of a stockpile
using a loader 11 %
Aggregate in a stockpile is likely to be segregated, so it
is better, whenever possible, to sample from the
interior, and not take sampling increments only from
near the surface. This is particularly true for coarse
aggregates. 33 %
A loader is used to expose a sampling face across the
interior of the stockpile. A number of bucket loads are
taken from over the sampling face and used to form a
sampling stockpile, then a shovel is taken to take a
number of sampling increments from positions chosen 56 %
at random throughout the stockpile.
C.2 Sampling stockpiles of fine aggregates by
hand Figure C.2 Volume distribution in a prismatic
Generally sampling by hand is only possible close to stockpile of fine aggregates or single-sized
the surface. aggregates (1 : 3 : 5)
In a cone-shaped stockpile of fine aggregate (with a

 BSI 1997
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EN 932-1 : 1996

Driving a board or metal plate into the stockpile at the Annex D (informative)
appropriate point and then taking the sampling
increment immediately below it, prevents surface The use of random numbers for random
material falling into the hole. (See figure C.3, selection
arrangement a). The surface of the stockpile should be
removed to a depth of at least twice the upper D.1 General principles
aggregate size before taking a sampling increment. A random sample of n elements are taken from a
This procedure may not be possible with coarse batch which consists of N elements.
material. The elements of the batch are numbered with
1, 2, ..., N.
If N consists of K figures, K-digit random numbers are
taken from table D.1.
An arbitrary starting figure is chosen in table D.1.
A series of K-digit random numbers is read from left to
right, beginning with the starting figure.
A K-digit number is disregarded, if there is no element
with this number.
Figure C.3 Sampling from conical stockpiles A K-digit number is disregarded if this number is
using board or metal plate (arrangement a) already noted.
and using a spear with oblique end The elements with the first n numbers not disregarded
(arrangement b) are all sampled.
D.2 Example for the use of random numbers for
Sampling spears (see A.6) can also be suitable for random selection
sampling sand; the sampling spear is driven n = 7 bags are chosen at random out of a palette
horizontally or sloping slightly upwards into the of 70 bags.
stockpile at the sampling point (see figure C.3, The bags are numbered with 1, 2, ..., 70.
arrangement b).
N = 70 has K = 2 figures; hence 2-digit numbers are
C.3 Sampling stockpiles of coarse aggregates by taken from table D.1.
hand The arbitrary starting figure could be e.g. the figure 9 in
When sampling a stockpile of coarse aggregate in the 14th row and the 31st column of table D.1.
deciding where to take the sampling increments the Starting from this figure the following 2-digit numbers
way the stockpile was built and the resulting are read from left to right:
segregation are considered. An example of the
segregation in a stockpile built by allowing material to (93) (00) 57 (00)
fall from the end of a fixed conveyor is shown in
figure C.4. The sampling should be done according to 29 49 (73) 56
the actual segregation. 66 65 (89) (80)
[49] (77) 45 {73...}

The numbers 93, 00, 73, 89, 80 and 77 in round brackets

are disregarded, because there are no bags with such
numbers.
The number 49 in square brackets is disregarded
because already noted before.
The seven bags with numbers 57, 29, 49, 56, 66, 65
and 45 are chosen as the sample.
(The numbers in tailed brackets starting with 73 are
Figure C.4 Schematic composition of a disregarded because already n = 7 bags are chosen).
cone-shaped stockpile of segregated
aggregates

 BSI 1997
Page 16
EN 932-1 : 1996

Table D.1 Random numbers

row column
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
1 5 7 2 2 4 5 0 3 0 7 8 9 1 7 0 6 6 7 2 3 5 5 1 9 2
2 1 1 8 8 2 3 6 1 4 8 9 9 2 0 7 0 4 7 9 5 8 2 2 9 6
3 4 2 6 3 0 5 2 6 3 2 0 7 8 3 3 2 9 4 8 8 7 7 3 2 8
4 9 8 2 2 3 3 2 6 5 3 2 3 2 4 2 6 8 6 9 3 5 8 4 2 8
5 7 7 0 7 5 8 0 1 7 9 3 6 9 9 5 9 5 5 4 6 0 1 2 1 1
6 7 2 6 2 6 7 9 2 7 2 0 7 5 8 1 1 8 2 7 5 3 4 2 1 5
7 9 7 2 9 9 0 6 3 2 1 4 5 8 6 9 9 8 9 8 5 5 9 4 7 4
8 9 4 4 9 5 5 3 9 5 6 5 1 4 3 0 6 3 9 8 4 2 5 5 9 8
9 2 2 6 1 5 5 6 4 6 6 4 0 2 0 4 6 7 8 6 8 8 8 0 1 3
10 8 1 0 2 9 8 2 0 3 5 5 0 7 7 4 0 4 3 8 8 2 2 5 8 4
11 1 5 3 1 2 5 5 2 9 6 4 0 6 5 3 9 7 9 7 7 0 3 5 9 7
12 8 6 4 8 2 6 1 4 8 6 4 1 2 6 2 5 0 9 4 6 8 2 1 3 3
13 7 0 2 4 2 8 7 2 0 3 3 5 9 9 8 2 9 8 6 8 4 8 8 1 1
14 1 3 5 9 9 7 2 6 5 7 0 6 9 4 1 7 0 0 4 9 6 4 7 1 2
15 8 9 8 0 4 9 7 7 4 5 7 3 3 2 2 0 4 9 1 6 4 2 2 6 6
16 2 9 5 1 4 2 7 2 6 8 8 7 4 4 9 6 7 0 6 3 2 7 2 4 6
17 4 5 0 5 0 5 6 3 7 0 7 0 8 7 1 4 7 4 6 8 4 6 6 7 5
18 6 9 5 9 7 4 2 3 2 6 8 6 5 3 0 3 7 2 3 3 2 5 2 0 9
19 2 8 8 6 1 3 1 8 8 5 4 9 0 1 6 2 4 0 3 1 9 1 0 0 6
20 8 8 5 2 8 5 2 6 1 8 9 1 5 6 0 1 2 0 8 3 7 1 5 5 8
21 1 2 1 4 8 4 0 6 0 1 7 4 0 1 4 8 1 8 9 0 1 1 9 8 1
22 5 1 5 2 9 9 9 2 2 3 8 1 4 6 5 5 4 4 9 1 5 4 8 3 8
23 0 9 9 3 5 4 6 5 0 3 7 1 0 9 1 1 5 8 6 1 3 4 5 6 4
24 7 8 7 7 5 2 7 4 5 6 7 4 0 1 6 8 2 7 6 4 3 3 4 9 8
25 2 4 8 0 4 0 3 4 4 1 2 0 9 3 3 9 9 8 3 8 0 5 4 6 9
26 1 8 7 8 0 7 2 7 6 5 4 5 6 8 6 9 8 6 5 2 1 3 5 2 9
27 4 3 2 8 3 0 3 3 4 5 9 4 5 3 3 1 3 0 8 7 2 2 1 8 0
28 3 4 8 0 3 3 0 3 7 9 8 2 0 1 4 3 0 2 1 8 7 5 6 7 6
29 9 2 4 8 1 3 9 1 9 7 0 6 9 3 4 2 3 4 2 5 6 9 6 6 0
30 1 9 6 1 3 0 0 7 8 7 6 8 5 5 6 9 5 1 0 5 2 6 1 1 6
31 6 7 4 1 3 2 4 3 3 5 0 6 2 5 7 3 9 6 2 3 5 7 3 0 6
32 2 6 2 5 6 6 8 1 8 2 0 2 9 8 1 8 8 9 9 9 1 5 6 9 5
33 3 3 0 2 7 2 8 6 8 3 6 0 4 2 9 4 8 2 9 6 4 6 3 9 7
34 5 7 5 4 2 4 7 2 0 9 9 1 0 2 5 4 5 9 1 4 3 3 5 1 3
35 2 9 3 7 2 4 2 1 9 0 1 5 5 7 0 2 6 8 8 6 3 9 8 1 4
36 2 6 0 4 1 6 5 3 8 7 9 5 1 5 1 1 7 5 2 0 0 5 4 5 4
37 9 2 3 2 8 6 6 6 1 8 8 1 4 8 5 0 2 6 2 9 2 0 3 9 6
38 3 3 8 7 2 2 3 8 8 7 8 7 4 2 2 6 7 7 6 7 1 4 3 8 7
39 3 0 8 4 3 3 7 0 3 1 9 0 8 1 4 7 8 2 4 9 3 1 6 2 0
40 5 3 4 2 8 0 9 5 0 8 9 9 5 7 2 2 1 4 0 6 5 6 3 9 9
41 7 3 2 1 9 0 3 5 6 2 6 1 0 9 6 7 6 9 4 1 1 8 2 8 4
42 1 1 5 3 6 4 2 4 8 9 9 6 5 0 8 4 4 3 2 1 6 5 3 7 3
43 0 3 2 2 2 4 0 5 3 8 4 5 8 8 0 4 8 1 8 7 3 7 5 8 4
44 0 2 9 4 3 9 9 3 4 3 6 4 2 5 3 7 7 2 6 6 9 4 2 1 5
45 4 9 0 0 3 6 0 3 4 7 0 6 4 5 0 7 8 3 5 9 9 4 8 7 9
46 9 9 7 5 6 9 6 5 3 7 5 1 1 8 5 1 6 7 3 5 1 6 5 6 7
47 0 4 1 0 9 2 4 4 3 5 0 8 2 7 6 4 3 4 5 7 0 9 2 1 8
48 7 7 5 7 4 2 0 1 7 8 8 2 4 7 4 4 5 5 4 9 0 8 9 6 9
49 1 5 4 7 5 8 3 9 2 0 9 1 0 8 3 8 0 9 0 0 2 3 0 5 2
50 1 0 8 5 1 7 6 9 3 3 4 7 0 7 5 3 4 4 1 9 3 4 0 2 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
row column

 BSI 1997
 Page 17
EN 932-1 : 1996

Table D.1 Random numbers (concluded)

row column
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
1 6 7 2 5 7 4 5 2 1 6 1 8 1 0 5 6 5 4 2 6 5 3 1 3 4
2 3 8 6 5 6 8 6 7 2 0 4 5 2 9 9 8 0 4 0 4 4 5 9 1 7
3 8 0 5 3 0 9 2 5 2 2 1 7 3 2 7 8 6 6 3 6 1 2 7 8 2
4 8 0 0 2 8 6 8 6 2 6 1 9 8 3 7 8 5 8 8 0 4 5 1 9 0
5 4 3 6 2 4 9 7 0 8 3 6 3 2 8 8 9 4 3 0 7 4 3 9 0 5
6 1 0 6 1 6 7 2 3 8 3 8 2 2 5 5 1 1 3 6 3 3 8 5 7 2
7 1 9 8 1 8 3 0 6 6 2 1 9 3 4 6 3 4 4 4 9 3 1 3 6 0
8 2 1 3 0 1 7 9 7 6 2 9 2 4 8 7 0 7 4 0 2 9 1 7 4 8
9 0 8 0 9 0 0 3 2 4 8 8 8 6 4 3 0 1 5 2 0 6 2 8 0 8
10 3 6 5 3 4 9 2 0 6 6 3 9 6 5 8 7 7 6 4 1 1 2 8 0 9
11 0 6 5 4 6 3 0 8 6 9 1 7 0 7 6 3 0 8 0 5 4 0 7 0 0
12 9 5 7 9 5 5 2 1 6 0 9 8 9 5 4 3 2 5 4 7 4 9 5 0 2
13 3 0 3 5 8 5 1 3 8 5 9 2 6 9 0 6 2 3 3 0 4 1 3 6 9
14 7 0 1 9 0 9 3 0 0 5 7 0 0 2 9 4 9 7 3 5 6 6 6 6 5
15 3 1 5 8 8 9 6 6 1 3 2 8 2 3 6 0 2 0 1 3 4 0 1 2 5
16 0 7 1 7 0 1 0 9 7 5 1 3 7 5 5 0 3 8 5 3 2 1 1 1 8
17 6 1 8 6 0 6 7 8 5 6 5 4 9 6 0 5 4 1 9 3 4 3 2 0 1
18 8 6 5 0 7 2 0 9 0 9 2 4 4 8 3 9 4 4 6 1 7 1 9 0 6
19 4 7 5 3 8 0 9 6 2 8 4 4 0 7 4 3 2 0 0 2 7 4 6 9 6
20 7 5 6 6 7 3 1 0 7 0 6 7 9 1 2 0 4 9 2 6 7 4 7 8 8
21 7 9 2 8 1 6 8 3 5 7 1 6 2 0 1 4 8 4 4 2 5 4 0 2 1
22 6 7 1 5 7 1 7 2 7 9 2 5 1 5 4 7 8 3 8 1 2 8 9 8 4
23 9 4 5 9 9 7 3 6 8 4 0 8 1 7 9 9 9 4 5 3 7 2 8 6 8
24 6 7 5 5 2 6 0 5 3 8 2 8 1 8 1 5 0 4 9 8 5 0 1 1 0
25 5 2 3 6 9 5 0 6 1 8 9 2 5 6 4 0 9 3 2 3 5 2 4 0 6
26 0 0 0 8 8 2 7 1 6 6 7 5 2 0 0 2 2 0 3 3 9 3 9 2 5
27 4 3 9 8 7 1 3 6 3 6 3 2 4 2 2 3 1 8 3 5 8 1 1 7 2
28 8 6 6 7 7 5 1 2 3 1 9 1 9 5 5 9 1 8 0 3 5 0 9 1 9
29 1 8 4 8 8 2 3 4 2 3 3 0 8 8 5 3 7 9 8 6 2 3 3 8 7
30 8 4 0 6 4 7 4 2 3 1 7 2 5 0 3 7 4 0 4 6 0 8 4 6 6
31 4 3 9 3 0 4 0 1 0 5 7 7 8 7 9 6 9 5 2 5 1 4 4 7 1
32 9 1 2 0 2 2 9 8 0 0 9 0 2 7 3 9 7 4 6 2 3 6 7 8 2
33 9 8 7 1 2 0 5 9 5 5 6 3 0 5 4 8 5 9 9 7 5 1 6 0 1
34 1 2 1 3 3 9 5 9 6 0 5 6 7 6 4 4 7 9 8 6 5 9 1 4 2
35 0 8 4 1 2 5 6 8 1 1 3 5 5 3 7 4 3 8 0 5 8 9 8 4 6
36 0 7 2 4 3 7 6 0 6 9 6 4 8 2 5 1 2 4 0 0 8 3 6 9 8
37 3 3 1 9 0 2 6 2 1 7 5 5 0 8 4 2 2 9 8 4 4 3 2 9 7
38 2 5 5 6 4 1 2 1 0 0 1 6 0 4 4 2 5 7 2 5 1 7 6 4 8
39 3 7 8 6 7 4 8 8 4 3 3 2 1 0 2 9 3 7 1 9 2 5 7 7 7
40 4 6 3 2 2 9 2 5 4 8 4 4 3 6 3 9 1 0 6 0 1 1 1 3 1
41 7 9 5 6 9 9 3 1 8 0 2 3 4 3 7 7 1 7 2 3 4 8 1 6 9
42 5 8 6 6 4 9 1 6 9 1 5 6 8 2 1 5 5 4 9 7 5 8 7 5 1
43 3 9 3 4 8 7 3 6 9 0 5 5 3 6 5 8 8 9 9 5 2 8 1 4 1
44 9 6 9 9 3 8 1 1 9 9 7 6 5 4 6 2 1 4 7 3 4 4 7 2 9
45 4 1 1 5 8 8 7 4 8 8 8 9 5 8 7 0 1 8 8 8 9 1 8 7 5
46 7 2 1 4 3 4 1 1 8 8 5 4 9 8 0 5 3 0 8 5 3 3 2 4 6
47 3 0 1 6 8 2 3 7 5 8 4 4 4 8 1 8 8 6 7 4 7 0 2 0 9
48 4 6 8 7 3 9 1 5 0 8 6 0 6 4 4 7 2 0 6 8 5 2 2 2 3
49 4 7 6 6 4 5 5 1 5 0 9 0 4 1 3 7 9 7 4 1 1 7 6 6 6
50 8 9 8 3 0 0 3 2 1 4 0 2 3 7 0 9 7 6 9 6 6 7 9 8 7
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
row column

 BSI 1997
Page 18
EN 932-1 : 1996

Annex E (informative)
Bibliography
prEN 1097-3 Tests for mechanical and physical
properties of aggregates
Part 3: Determination of loose bulk
density and voids
ISO 1988 : 1975 Hard coal Ð Sampling
ISO 3082 : 1987 Iron ores Ð Increment sampling and
sample preparation Ð Mechanical
method

MURDOCH, J. and BARNES, J.A. Statistical tables for

science, engineering, management and business
studies. 3rd ed. Macmillan, 1989.
ABDUN-NUR, Edward A. Random sampling made
easy. Concrete International, September 1981.
ZUIDELIJK WEGENBOUW LABORATORIUM
(KOAC Ð Vught): Final report V - 26 Phase I and II
Sampling of Granular Materials, 1992.

 BSI 1997
 BS EN 932-1 : 1997

List of references

See national foreword.

 BSI 1997
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