SOC SCI 1 EXAM 1 – GEOGRAPHY 4.

There is no such thing as a free

lunch
LECTURE
 Everything costs something
 Geography is the charting of the earth  Pollution
 4 Types: - Pollution bu Tom Lehrer, 1965
1. Physical  Space
- Study of the planet earth and its place - Territoriality on land, space, or air
in the universe; study of plants, sooil, - Systems on earth: land, air, water
animals, minerals, and weather  Resources of the Earth
- Study of different forms of land, sea, - Total population of the phils as of
air June 2018: 106.4 million
2. Economic - Overcrowding as a result of high
- Study of how people make a living population results to depletion of
from earth and its resources resources
3. Cultural - Classifying countries based on
- Study of the way people live in resources:
different environments 1. First World Countries
4. Strategic  US, Japan, Western
- Study of how people make the best Countries, Australia, Canada
use of resources to allow them to  Industrialized countries (IC)
survive and improve themselves  Capitalism (private
- Zoning is important companies operate with
 Geography is both physical and social little or no control from
science govt), free trade
 System  richest nations, developed
- Made of different parts that works nations
together 2. Second World Countries
- Ex. Earth system (ecosystem);  China, Russia, North Korea,
ecology which is the study of Cuba, USSR, North Vietnam,
environment Eastern Europe
- House and earth  Communist countries
 Ecology  Govt controls all businesses
- Different Laws of Ecology (by Barry  Some ar IC, many are still
Commoner on The Closing Circle): developing, some are newly
1. Everything is connected to industrialized countries
everything else (NICs)
 Each has its own 3. Third World Countries
role/function  Asia, Africa, latin America,
2. Everything must go somewhere South America
 Ex. Ondoy calamity; garbage  NICs; some are less
management developed countries
3. Nature knows best  People are generally poor
 Nature makes the change  Arab nations and Venezuela
balanced provide oil and petroleum
 that the 1st world countries  Critical link to the ecological
need chain of life
4. Fourth World Countries  2% of the earth’s surface
 Hopeless have-not countries  4-mile sqr of a rainforest:
in Asia and Africa ~ 750 species of trees
 Very little, if no resources at ~ 1500 kinds of flowering plants
all
 Education is almost unheard
READINGS
of
- Countries with the most # of natural 1. Man’s Adaptation Under Changing Physico-
resources: Cultural Environments
1. Russia – wood, coal, gold, oil
2. US – wood, coal  Adaptation – adjustment
3. Saudi Arabia – oil  3 critical factors: environment, culture,
4. Canada – oil, wood, uranium biology
5. Iran – oil  Overview of the physical environment
6. China – coal - Space-time perspective
7. Brazil – wood  brief review of the broad
8. Australia – gold, uranium elements that make up the
9. Iraq – oil physical environment, the
10. Venezuela – oil interaction and combination
 Poverty of these elements resulting
- Substinence level – you make just in the specific
enough to get by environmental regions and
- Population problem: 2 theories finally the events, past and
1. Isaac Asimov recent, that have been
 Scientist; science-fiction writer responsible for the
continuing changes of the
 A time will come when our
physical environment
earth can no longer support the
- Elements of the physical
population on earth (2060,
around 2B people on Earth) environment
1. weather and climate
2. Seymour Hersh
2. landforms or terrain
 It is good to share the Earth’s
3. water
resources to as many people as
4. vegetation
possible
5. fauna or animal
 Problem is in the way we live
6. minerals
 Advocate of simple lifestyle
7. soil
 Resources
- Global Environmental Regions
- Rainforest
 Combination anf interaction
 Brazil: Amazon Rainforest
of different elements of the
 4-8m of rain per year
physical environment at
 Nature’s laboratory for all kinds
different latitudinal
of plants, animals, and insect
locations on earth
life
  Low-latitude, middle  Culture as adaptation
latitudes, high latitude - Culture is viewd as man’s adaptive
 Evolution of distinct cultural kit enabling him o transcend the
systems, self- limitations of his genetic
contained/isolated endowments and natural milieus
 Island environment: - Adaptive process in man is as much
continental and oceanic biological as it is cultural
island (Ph is continental) - Language
- The Changing Physical Environment
 Geology provides a
dynamic, evolutionary 2. Elements of the Physical Environment
explanation of how
 Weather and Climate
historical events and
- Strongly qualifies living
phenomenon were related
conditions for man and affects
to and dependent on each
his main source of food supply:
other
plants, animals, soil
 Mountains, rivers, etc
- Agriculture which is important
- Natural Hazards
to the industrial sector
 Hazards are natural events
- Climate as the average condition
that can interact with
of the earth’s atmosphere
human activities that may or
- Atmospheric conditions are the
may not kill people, destroy
elements of temperature, air
property, or damage the
pressure, winds, moisture
environment
- Weather refers to the actual
 Natural Hazards day-to-day situation of the
1. geophysical atmosphere
a. climatic and - The average and temporary
meteorological atmospheric conditions which
b. geological and help to decide the degree of
geomorphic livability and usefulness of an
2. biological area for man
a. floral  Terrain and Landform
b. faunal - Slope and altitude are the
- Man’s Role in Changing the Physical principal features of terrain
- Environment - Slope
 The process acting on earth a. angle
are mostly cyclical rather b. frequency of dominant angle
than one way c. disposition
- Conservation of the Physical  Steep slopes have less
Environment economic utility
 Natural resources  Massive or complex slope
1. non-renewable or stock - Altitude
2. renewable or flow
 Local relief – the vertical
distance between the
 highest and lowest - In fertilization, construction,
elevations of a particular ceramic industries
area
- Elevation and slope disposition
- Combination of slope and altitude 3. Natural Hazards
a. plains
b. mountains  I. Geophysical
c. hills A. Climatic and meteorological
d. plateau 1. blizzards and snow
- Major categories of landform 2. droughts
1. high mountains 3. floods
2. low mountains 4. fog
3. hills 5. frost
~ local relief of less than 1k 6. hailstorms
4. plains with high relief features 7. heat waves
a. plateaus 8. hurricanes/typhoons
b. plains with basin and range 9. lightning strokes,fire
topography 10. tornadoes
5. plains of moderate relief B. Geological and geomorphic
6. plains of slight relief 1. avalanches
 Water 2. earthquakes
- Waterways, transportation 3. erosion
- Natural resources 4. landslides
 Plant Cover 5. shifting sand
- Vegetation holds the soil in place, 6. tsunami
conservers of water and resources 7. volcanic eruptions
- Tropical rainforest, coniferous II. Biological
forests, savanna, steppe and A. Floral
prairie 1. Fungal diseases
 Animal World -athlete’s foot, dutch
- Ability of animals to transform elm, blister rust
diverse materials into nutritious 2. Infestations
foods - weeds, water hyacinth
- Livestock raising 3. Hay fever
- Transport and clothing and 4. Poison Ivy
fertilizers B. Faunal
- Maintains satisfactory 1. bacterial and viral
ecological equilibrium diseases
 Soil Mantle - influenza, malaria,
- For plants and animals typhus, rabies
- Soil misuse 2. Infestations
 Mineral Basement - rabbits, termites,
- Mineral formation locusts
- Iron, coal, etc
4. Man’s Role in Changing the Land groundwater contamination,
land reclamation)
 1. The environmental impact of a single
- Liquid wastes ( disposal wells,
human action can be enormous when
reservoir)
combined
- Radioactive wastes (sources,
2. we must evaluate the impact of
duration)
human activities in the natural
 Dilute and disperse for
environment over an interval of time
low-level liquid and gas;
3. new advances in technology provides
large bodies of water or
humans great power to make large,
clay in soils to adsorb
instantaneous change
 Delay and decay fpr
4. the fact that humans have the power
substantial amounts of
to alter the natural environment is not
short-lived
necessarily intrinsically bad
radioisotopes; buried
 Forests, fields, and farms
 Concentrate and
- Deforestation
contain for high0level
- Overgrazing
wastes; extensive
 Man and other living creatures
treatment and storage
- Extinction
facilities
- Preserving diversity
 Problems on safety: salt
 Mines and Quarries
formations, deep well
- Mineral production
injections
- Mineral consumption and
dispersal
- Impact on landscapes
 Construction 5. Conservation of the Physical Environment
- Impact on landscapes  Natural resources as renewable or
- Environmental feedback (dam, nonrenewable
fertilizers for soil)  Limits of growth
- Urbanization  Environmental quality
 Groundwater
- Salt water intrusion
- Depletion ECOLOGY ARTICLES
- Subsidence
 Wastes and pollution 1. Aspiring farmers urged to embrace technology
- Impact on natural systems (oil
- 57 to 59 yo
spills)
- 2md poorest sector
- Natural pollutants
- Tech as apps, literacy aids
- Varieties of pollutants
 Industrial and domestic 2. rising temperatures and elimination of male
 Agricultural turtles
 Oil and gas
- Past 20 yrs: 99% F
 Atmospheric
- High temp: F Low temp: M
- Solid wastes (accumulation,
- Adults 1:7 Juvenile 1:116
disposal, climate factor,
3. Deforestation

- 1600 may deforestation na

- 2009: 2nd largest cause of climate change

4. Great barrier reef experienced 5 massive die

offs in 30k years

5. environmental costs of fast fashion

6. ebola death toll in DR Congo rises to 27

7. Marine protected areas aren’t protected

against climate change

8. amazon lookout birds help other species live

in dangerous neighborhood

9. aboitiz power takes lead in fly ash-to-brick

project

10. scientists stumbled upon a plastic-eating

bacterium and accidentally made it stronger

11. antartica’s largest ice berg is about to die

12. limiting global warming to 1.5 deg C would

save majority of global species from climate
change