Taheebo (Tabebuia avellanedae) Leaves Extract as Fabric Dye

A Research paper

Presented to Mrs. Ferrera E. Oira

As Partial Fulfillment of Requirements of Research IV

Dinopol, Christine Anne Emmanuelle E.

Ramon Teves Pastor Memorial

Dumaguete Science High School

Dumaguete City
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to make a natural dye using the extract from the leaves of a

Taheebo plant. The researcher also wanted to find out if the dye would not wash off easily. The

researcher dyed three types of different cloths. The cloths used were satin, nylon and cotton. The

researcher then let 10 respondents rate the three types of cloth. Based on the ratings, the

respondents preferred the satin to be dyed in the taheebo extract. The researcher used One-way

ANOVA in obtaining the results and it was shown that there is a significant difference since the

F computed is greater than the F tabular. The researcher concluded that taheebo leaves extract

can be an effective natural dye, especially in satin. However, the researcher did not get the

desired color of the dye.

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Acknowledgement

The researcher would like to extend her heartfelt gratitude to the following people for

contributing to the success of this investigatory project.

 To our teachers, especially Mrs. Ferrera Oira for her continuous support and guidance

during the experimentation and making of the research paper.

 To Mr. & Mrs. Dinopol for their unconditional love and support.

 And to the Almighty Father for guiding the researcher and giving her strength, patience

and courage in the duration of making this study.

The researcher couldn’t have done this study without your immeasurable support.
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Table of Contents

Title Page.........................................................................................................................................1

Abstract............................................................................................................................................2

Acknowledgement...........................................................................................................................3

Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................4

Introduction......................................................................................................................................6

Background of the Study......................................................................................................6

Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................6

Significance of the Study ....................................................................................................7

Scope and Limitations ........................................................................................................7

Review of Related Literature ..............................................................................................8

Methodology..................................................................................................................................10

Research Design ...............................................................................................................10

Sampling Technique ..........................................................................................................10

Data Collection..................................................................................................................10

Materials and Equipment ..................................................................................................10

 General Procedures ..........................................................................................................11

Results and Discussion .................................................................................................................14

Findings ............................................................................................................................14

Analysis of Data ................................................................................................................15

Summary and Conclusion .............................................................................................................17

Recommendations .........................................................................................................................18

Bibliography..................................................................................................................................19
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Introduction

Dyeing of fabrics is already a trend these days, not just in the Philippines but all over the

world as well. People usually spend money for it and the dye they used would usually wash away

after how many times they clean it. The researcher would like to make an effective yet low-cost

natural dye with the use of the extract from Taheebo (Tabebuia avellanedae) leaves.

Background of the Study

Most people dye fabrics or cloths during their leisure time. Some usually choose the

expensive dyes when they can make natural dyes with ingredients which can be found in their

backyards. Instead of saving their money for their necessities, they spend it on dyes which ome

wash off easily.

Statement of the Problem

General objective: To test if the extract from Taheebo (Tabebuia avellanedae) leaves can

be an effective fabric dye.

Specific objectives:

1. To test if the dye would last for a long time.

2. To test what color the extract from Taheebo (Tabebuia avellanedae) leaves

can make.

Main Problem: Can Taheebo leaves extract be an effective fabric dye?

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Significance of the Study

Most people these days seem to find leisure in dyeing fabrics and make a profit out them.

Some commercial dyes also seem to not last long and just wash away easily. With the help of

taheebo leaves and its extract, the researcher conducted this study to make an inexpensive dye in

which its materials can be found in our surroundings.

Scope and Limitations

The scope of this study is to use taheebo leaves found in our locality.

The taheebo extract in this study is only limited to dye nylon, cotton and satin cloths.
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Review of Related Literature

Dyeing is the process of adding color to textile products like fibers, yarns, and fabrics.

Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material

(http://www.dyes-pigments.com/dyeing-process.html, 2012). According to Goodwin (1982),

natural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals. The majority of

natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources—roots, berries, bark, leaves, and wood—and

other organic sources such as fungi and lichens. Natural dyes are usually used with a mordant to

make them "stick" to the fabric, and generally give more muted tones on plant fibers like cotton

and rayon, but are brilliant on wools and silks. Natural dyes have a beauty and depth of color that

cannot quite be obtained with synthetics. Chemical colors tend to be harder and sharper and so

need to be carefully color matched while it is often said that the warm, soothing naturally dyed

colors display harmony in any combination and become even more beautiful with age

(http://www.woolery.com/Store/pc/Natural-Dyes-c223.htm, n.d.).

Tabebuia is a large genus of tropical trees that grows worldwide. According to one

source, the correct name for the source species is T. impetiginosa ; 1 however, the majority of

biological and chemical studies of the plant refer to T. avellaneda . The commercial product is

derived from the inner bark. The tree grows widely throughout tropical South America, including

Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. It has a hard, durable, and attractive wood that is

extremely resistant to insect and fungal attack. Taheebo leaves when put in a boiled water give

off a purple color (Woodson R, et al, 1973).

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The essential process of dyeing requires soaking the material containing the dye (the

dyestuff) in water, adding the textile to be dyed to the resulting solution (the dyebath), and

bringing the solution to a simmer for an extended period, often measured in days or even weeks,

stirring occasionally until the color has evenly transferred to the textiles. Salt helps to "fix" or

increase "fastness" of colors, vinegar improves reds and purples, and the ammonia in stale urine

assists in the fermentation of indigo dyes (Goodwin, 1982).

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Methodology

Research Design

The researcher used experimental design in order to observe the difference between the three

types of cloth used.

Sampling Technique

Convenience Sampling was used in the selection of the taheebo leaves used.

Data Collection

Collection and experimentation was made so as to gather data by letting 10 samples rate the

final cloth.

Materials/Equipment

100g taheebo leaves

2 tablespoons of Salt

Mortar and pestle

Pot
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Basin

3 types of cloth (satin, cotton, nylon)

General Procedure

A. Preparation of the dye bath

Gather all the materials needed. Pound the taheebo leaves. Put the pounded

taheebo leaves into a pot with a cup of water already in it. Add two tablespoons of salt in the pot.

Bring the mixture to a boil and then simmer it, stirring occasionally, for at least 20 minutes.

Strain out the plant material and set the dye bath aside.

B. Dyeing of the fabric

Place the cloth in warm water until it is thoroughly soaked. After the cloth is

soaked, place it gently into the dye bath and let it boil again for 20 minutes. Once the desired

color is achieved, transfer the cloth into a basin then rinse it and let it dry.
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Figure1. Pounding of taheebo leaves

Figure 2. Adding of salt.

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Figure 3. Boiling of the dye bath.

Figure 4. Boiling of cloth in the dye bath.

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Results and Discussions

Findings

Table 1.

The ratings of 10 different samples of the 3 different types of cloth after being dyed.

Satin Cotton Nylon

A 9 8 7

B 8 8 6

C 9 7 6

D 7 8 5

E 8 6 5

F 8 9 7

G 7 9 6

H 9 8 6

I 8 9 5

J 7 7 7

Table 1 shows the ratings for the three different types of cloth.
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Analysis of Data

The researchers used One-way ANOVA to determine if there is a significant difference

of the ratings of the three different types of cloth used.

Table 2.

One-way ANOVA table

SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
Column 1 10 80 8 0.666667
Column 2 10 79 7.9 0.988889
Column 3 10 60 6 0.666667

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 25.4 2 12.7 16.4067 2.17E-05 3.354131
Within Groups 20.9 27 0.774074

Total 46.3 29

x̄a = 8 x̄b = 7.9 x̄c = 6

II. MSSw = 0.774074, df = 29

III. α = 0.05

IV. Analysis:

1. Ho: Taheebo leaves extract can not be an effective fabric dye.

Ha: Taheebo leaves extract can be an effective fabric dye.

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2. α = 0.05

3. Reject Ho if F computed is greater than F tabular. (Fc > Ftab)

4. Reject Ho since F computed is greater than F tabular.

5. Conclusion: water lilies can be used as waste water filter.

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Conclusion

The researcher concluded that taheebo leaves extract can be used as dye. Based on the

results from the One-way ANOVA test, there is a significant difference between the three set-ups

since Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Based from the ratings of ten different samples,

there is a significant difference between the three types of cloth used. The samples preferred the

extract to be dyed in a satin cloth. The researcher, however, did not meet her expectations in the

desired color of the dye. The dye gave off a dark green color.
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Recommendations

The researcher would like to recommend the future researchers to have further investigation

and have it test on more cloths. The researcher would also recommend in having more set-ups with

different ratios of leaves to water in it. The researcher would also recommend allocating more time

in doing the experimentation and not to do it in a rush so as to obtain much better results.
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Bibliography

Dyeing Process. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dyes-pigments.com/dyeing-process.html.

Goodwin, J. (1982). A Dyer's Manual. Pelham, 11-12, 32-34.

Natural Dyes. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.woolery.com/Store/pc/Natural-Dyes-c223.htm.

Woodson R, et al. (1973). Flora of Panama: IX. Family 172: Bignoniaceae. Ann Missouri Bot
Gard 1973;60:45.