CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
In our generation where we are surrounded by technology and machines, tasks

are easily done, such as transportation and communication. One point of communication is

Social networking sites (SNS). Billions of people around the world use social media to share

information and make connections. On a personal level, social media allows you to

communicate with friends and family, learn new things, develop your interests, and be

entertained. But as teenagers we usually use this for entertainment and getting the latest

trends of our interests. Example of these are Facebook, twitter and Instagram where they can

post random things about themselves with a semi-public privacy.

Academic performance, which is measured by the examination results, is one of the

major goals of a school. Hoyle (1986) argued that schools are established with the aim of

imparting knowledge and skills to those who go through them and behind all this is the idea

of enhancing good academic performance. Academic performance or achievement is the

outcome of education, the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their

educational goals. Academic performance is commonly measured by examinations or

continuous assessment but there is no general agreement on how it is best tested or which

aspects are most important, procedural knowledge such as skills or declarative knowledge

such as facts (Annie, Howard & Mildred, 1996)The student’s characteristics dimension of

the academic performance concerns how students deal with their studies and how they cope

with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers help define the extent of

performance (Loo and Choy, 2013). the Use of SNSs and Academic Performance of

Students Two competing perspectives offer explanations on how SNSs affects student’s
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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

academic performance. On one hand, studies portray the role of SNSs on academic

performance in a positive light saying that while students formulate group discussions to

exchange ideas and communicate to their teachers and appeal to their friends about

assignments on SNSs, teachers share course related materials with their students and create

student groups to collaborate on projects cum communicate with their fellow lecturers from

other universities through SNSs, thus facilitating teaching and learning process and the

enhancement of academic performance. Griffith and Liyanage, (2008) found that support

from instant messaging, wikis, blogs, discussion boards, and other Web 2.0 facilities can

complement what is taught in a traditional classroom setting. Also, Boyd and Ellison, (2007)

assert that the copy and paste practices on MySpace serves as a form of literacy involving

social and technical skills. However, an alternative view casts the interaction between SNSs

and academic performance in a more negative light. According to this viewpoint, SNSs use

has no academic relevance since most of the users use it for socializing purposes. Study

conducted by Hargittai& Hsieh, (2010) found that neither SNS usage intensity nor social

practices performed on these sites is systematically related to students’ academic

performance, findings that challenge some previous claims to the contrary. This claim

supports the findings of Akyildiz and Argan, (2012); Hamat, et al. (2012) who concludes

that SNS users spend more time for socializing rather than learning. This indicates that

excessive use of SNSs reduces student’sacademic performance since time meant for studies

is used on non-academic issues like chatting and making friends.

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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the Social networking sites and academic performance.

Question 1: What are the profile respondents in terms of:

 Length of time

Question 2: What is the extent of Social networking sites and academic performance?

Hypothesis

There is no significance relationship between social networking sites and academic

Performance.

There is no significance difference on the social networking sites and academic

performance in terms of length of time.

Signifincance of the Study

This study aims to explain the importance of the proper usage of social networking

sites. In order to provide much help, this study would like to give enlightenment to the said

phenomena. We would like to provide, through this research, information about the impact

of these studies to students that would hopefully lead to a realization of their own standing

in terms of social networking sites. We also would like to give a certain form of guidance to

those who are delved in situations aforementioned. Lastly, we would like to provide

evidences about the relationship between social networking sites and academic

performance.

The study would be beneficial to the following:

Students:to acknowledge them more about the causes of social networking sites to the
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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

surroundings.they will be aware that, apart from the social benefits of this social networking

site, using the sites more than necessary will pose possible dangers to their health. It will be

relevant in assisting students in understanding the diversity of social networking sites.

Teachers:to know the influence that social media has on their students, so as to assist

them to enlighten and create awareness to the students on the possible influence it has

on them.

Parents:the study will enlighten the parents that too much usage of social networking

sites is affecting their child’s education.so as to serve as watch-dog to their children on the
usage

of the social networking site.

School Administrator:to acknowledge them to improve the students involvement of their

studies and education.They can give knowledge and education for the students so that

they can get a brighter future.

Future Researchers: some of information can help with their research.This research will
serve

as a guide to the new generation researchers to improve their knowledge onthe social

networking sites and academic performance.

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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the Social Networking Sites and AcademicPerformance.

Furthermore, this chapter presents the dependent variable, independent variable, moderator

variable and theoretical/conceptual framework, research paradigm and definition of terms.

Independent Variable

Social Networking Sites

According to Boyd & Ellison (2007), “Social networking sites are web-based

services That allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded

system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection and view and

traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system”. Social

Networking Sites havebecome a significant part of the lives of these youth (Gemmill and

Peterson: 2006). It has exploded as a category of online prodigious rate. Because of its ease

of use, speed and reach, social networking sites is fast changing public discourse in society

and setting trends and agenda in topicsthat range from the environment and politics to

technology and the entertainment industry(Asur and Huberman, 2010). Social Networking

sites (SNS) is adopted from Boyd and Ellison (2008); SNS are web-based services that have

three main functions; individuals are able Tocreate a profile which can be public or semi-

public the system can create a list of individuals to which a user is connected and it is

possible to view and pass through these connection lists as well as the lists of others within

the system. The increased use of Social Networking Websites has become an international

phenomenon in the past several years. What started out as a hobbyfor some computer literate

people has become a social norm and way of life for people from all over the world (Boyd,
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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

2007). Adolescent age people are more attracted by Social Networking Site (Karani, 2015).

Social networking websites provide tools by which people can communicate, share

information, and create new relationships. With the popularity of social networking websites

on the rise, our social interaction is affected in multiple ways as we adapt to our increasingly

technological world. The way web users interact and talk to each other has changed and

continues to change. These users now socialize through the internet and it takes away from

the person socialization that has been around forever. Social networking websites have

affected our social interaction by changing the way we interact face-to-face, how we

receive information, and the dynamics of our social groups and friendships (Asur and
Huberman, 2010).

Dependent Variable

Academic Performance

Academic performance is the outcome of education; it is the extent to which a

student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals. academic achievement

refers to the percentage of students at a school whose learning currently meets or exceeds

their grade-level standards. Thus performance is characterized by performance on tests

associated with coursework and the performance of students on other types of examinations

(Kyoshaba, 2009). (Tuckman, 1975) quoted performance as the obvious expression or

demonstration of sympathetic, ideas, skills and knowledge of a person and planned grade

clearly indicate the performance of a student. So factors adversely or positively impacts on

their academic performance. Therefore, academic achievement should be considered to be a

multifaceted construct that comprises different domains of learning. Because the field of

academic achievement is very wide-ranging and covers a broad variety of educational

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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

outcomes,the definition of academic achievement depends on the indicators used to measure

it. A thorough, short, and informative overview of academic achievement is provided in

(Spinath, 2012) emphasizes the importance of academic achievement with regard to

different perspectives (suchas for individuals and societies, as well as psychological and

educational research). Altogether, there are valuable cross-sectional studies investigating

many predictors of academic achievement.

Moderator Variable

Length of time

Length of time is a measurement of how long something is in time (MacMillan

Dictionary, 2009). It is the length of an event, activity, or situation is the period of time from

beginning to end for which something lasts or during which something happens (Collins,

2018). Time can beinterpreted as a resource and, as such, the amount of time devoted to the

education of children is often examined as a separate and central resource in the educational

process (Baker, Fabrega, Galindo, &Mishook, 2004). However, time is a complex issue.

Social networking sites although has been recognized as an important resource for education

today, studies however shows that students use social networking sites such as Facebook for

fun, to kill time, to meet existing friends or to make new ones (Ellison, Steinfield, and

Lampe 2007).

Although it has been put forward that students spends much time on participating in social

networking activities, with many students blaming the various social networking sites for

theirsteady decrease in grade point averages (Kimberly, Jeong and Lee, 2009)
 8
Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

Relationship of the variables

Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

Social Networking Sites like Facebook, Twitter, etc. diverting students from their

studies. the main aim of the student should be education and their future career. However,

many students rely on the accessibility of information on social media. That means reduced

focus on learning and retaining information (Selvaraj, 2013). Arnold and Paulus (2010)

found that even when social networking sites is used for an educational purpose, students

incorporate the technology into their lives in a way that may differ. According to Nicole,

(2007), students and teenagers have especially recognized these social media platforms to be

able to contact their peers, share information, reinvent their personas and showcase their

social live. Facebook users often experience poor academic performance. Also Karpinski

(2009) stated that social networking sites has a negative association with students’ academic

performance which is much greater than the advantages derived through the use of social

media platforms. People around the globe have been addicted to the internet which has given

rise to more students using social media more often than before. Nalwa&Anand (2003)

advised and recommended that those who are addicted users love to use the internet to set

back their personal and professional responsibilities in which the final outcome is poor

academic performance. It was highlighted in the finding of Karpinski (2009) that social

media platforms (Facebook, watzapp etc) users usually devote lesser time to their studies

has to compared to nonusers did and subsequently has lower GPAs. It was also mentioned

by Karpinski, & Duberstein (2009), that among the major distraction of current generation

that social media platform (such Facebook, Watzapp etc.) remains a major distractions.
 9
Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

According to Kubey, Lavin, and Barrows (2001), there is a correlation between academic

performance and the dependency on social media platforms.

The intentions of the teachers. Social Networking Sites provides too much

stimulation and therefore can distract students from completing their schoolwork (Hurt et

al., 2012, Petra et al., 2008). Majority of students use social networking for leisure purposes

and only few uses for educational development purposes. Student community is more

affected by SNS and the depth of impact is evaluated through type of internet usage

(Shah et al., 2001). Students who spend more time on social media may have difficulty

balancing their online activities and their academic preparation. An empirical study on

relationship between academic performance and Facebook usage is carried out. Sample

are taken from population of 219 university students and they found that Facebook users

had lower Grade Point Averages and they were online most of the time and utilized very less

time for their studies in comparison with students who did not use SNS. Like this existent

studies highlight that in some circumstances, SNS usage can lead to a variety of negative

consequences that affects decrease in involvement in real-life communities and worse

academic performance, as well as relationship problems. However, few researchers also

found a positive impact of internet or SNS and academic performance of the student users.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Adaptive Structuration Theory,is introduced in 1994.It is based on Anthony

Giddens' structuration theory. This theory is formulated as the production and reproduction

of the social systems through members.It criticizes the technocentric view of technology use
 10
Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

and emphasizes the social aspects,groups and organizations using information technology

for their work and how it can be applied to their activities.

Through technology,information are easily shared via internet,specifically by the so

called Social networking sites, with friends and families.

Connectivism is a kind of learning theory that was conceptualized in 2005 by

George Siemens.It is a theory of learning in a digital age that emphasizes the role of social

and cultural context in how and where learning occurs. Learning does not simply happen

within an individual, but within and across the networks.

People tends to keep in touch with people who they like.Because,they may share

important information like trivia or news.

Uses and gratifications theory,was introduced in 1973.Developed by Elihu

Katz and Jay Blumler.It is an approach to understanding why and how people actively seek

out specific media to satisfy specific needs. UGT is an audience-centered approach to

understanding mass communication.

Students uses Social networking sites to gratify specific interest and find similar

curiosity or knowledge search.

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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

Research Paradigm

Social networking sites although has been recognized as an important resource for

education today, studies however shows that students use social networking sites such as

Facebook for fun, to kill time, to meet existing friends or to make new ones (Ellison,

Steinfield, and Lampe 2007). Although it has been put forward that students spends much

time on participating in social networking activities, with many students blaming the various

social networking sites for their steady decrease in grade point averages (Kimberly, Jeong

and Lee, 2009) This study aims to explain the importance of the proper usage of social

networking sites. It aims to point out particularly adverse effects it poses to student’s daily

lives. These sites evidently have a lot of positive effects, but they also have their share of

negative impact. In order to provide much help, this study would like to give enlightenment

to the said phenomena. We would like to provide, through this research, information about
 12
Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

the impact of these sites to student that would hopefully lead to a realization of their own

standing in terms of SNS addiction. We also would like to give a certain form of guidance to

those who are delved in situations aforementioned. Lastly, we would like to provide

evidences that would solidify the support on controlling the usage of social networking sites,

thus reducing the risk of assimilating such addicting activities.

Definition of terms

The followings were the key terms used in this research:

Social Networking Sites – A website where you can communicate with others and can

search things that you can learn or curious from

Academic Performance – how students deal with their studies and how they cope with or

accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers.

Length of Time – Amount of time used.

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method and procedure that was applied in this study. It

was organized under the following sub-headings: research design, population and sampling

technique, instrumentation, data gathering procedure and analysis of the data.

Research Design

The researchers used the Case study as their research design. This method

research excels at bringing us to an understanding of a complex issue or object and can

extend experience or add strength to what is already known through previous research. Case

studies emphasize detailed contextual analysis of a limited number of events or conditions

and their relationships. This paper explains how to use the case study method and then
 13
Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

applies the methodto our proposed case study project designed to examine how one set of

users and organizations, make use of the social networking sites. This would be beneficial in

some way to the users and to a certain organizations and what those benefits might be.The

descriptive method of research was used in this study. Descriptive method of research is a

fact finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of the findings. It describes what

is. It describes with emphasis what actually exist such as current conditions, practices,

situations, or any phenomena.

Population and Sampling Technique

The researcher’s respondents are the Grade 9 students of Private school in

Rizal Academic Year 2018-2019. The researchers used a probability sampling techniques

with the total number of 40 respondents consisting of 10 male and 10 female respondents

per section from the Grade 9 students. They are the ones who are the knowledgeable enough

toanswer the problems posed in the present study. They answered the questionnaire that the

researchers gave them which supplies the information the researchers need. The sampling

technique used by the researcher is sampling by chance. Per section, The Grade 9 students

aregiven 20 questionnaires each, 10 male and 10 female respondents. Whoever will be

giventhe questionnaire will be the researcher’s respondents.

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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

Area Section Target %

Private Section A
(40 Students)
20 25%
School in Section B
Angono (41 Students) 20 25%
Rizal
81 40 100%
Participants in the study

The participants in this study were grade 9 students of private school in Rizal.

Minimum of 20 students each section. Participants ranged in age 13 to 18 years old.

Instrumentation

The instrument that will be utilized in the study is self-developed questionnaire

titled “Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance” of students,in order to collect

the needed data for the study.The questionnaire was divided into three parts.Part Ιrefers to

the profile of the respondents that includes the Sex,Educational attainment,Age and Length

of time in Social Networking Sites. Part Π is the collection of information about Social

Networking Sites of Respondents. Part Шconsisted of questions about the relationship of

Social Networking Sites on Academic Performance of the respondents with response

options: Yes or No.Each part is discussed in details

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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

Data Gatherimg Procedure

For this study, the survey-questionnaire instruments were used to achieve the

main objective of the study. A self-administered questionnaire is related to our topic was

prepared and distributed to the selected Grade 9 Students of private school in AngonoRizal.

The questionnaire was structured in such a way that respondents will be able to answer it

easily with the approval of our research teacher and principal. After thesurvey process, the

researchers have collected and tallied the data or the output from thequestionnaire and

compute the results through getting the percentage to find out the summary, findings and the

conclusions of the proposed study. Preparation research questionnaire conduct printing the

manuscript.

Analysis of Data
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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

The analysis included descriptive statistics to serve as tools in answering the

problems of the study. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentage will be

employed to compute for the demograthic profiles of the respondents. The descriptive

statistics of frequency counts and percentage, were used to analyze the demographic data.

Descriptive statistics is the term given to the analysis of data that helps

describe, show or summarize data in a meaningful way such that, for example, patterns

might emerge from the data. They are simply a way to describe our data. It is very important

because if we simply presented our raw data it would be hard to visulize what the data was

showing, especially if there was a lot of it. Descriptive statistics therefore enables us to

present the data in a more meaningful way, which allows simpler interpretation of the data.A

percentage frequency distribution is a display of data that specifies the percentage of

observations that exist for each data point or grouping of data points. It is a particularly

useful method of expressing the relative frequency of survey responses and other data. Many

times, percentage frequency distributions are displayed as tables or as bar graphs or pie

charts.The process of creating a percentage frequency distribution involves first identifying

the total number of observations to be represented; then counting the total number of

observations within each data point or grouping of data points; and then dividing the number

of observations within each data point or grouping of data points by the total number of

observations. The sum of all the percentages corresponding to each data.

We have also used the one-way ANOVA compares the means between the

groups you are interested in and determines whether any of those means are statistically

significantly different from each other. Specifically, it tests the null hypothesis.
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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

List of References

Mingle, Jeffrey, and Musah Adams. "Social media network

participation and academic performance in senior high schools in
Ghana." Library Philosophy and Practice (2015): 1.

APA Mingle, J., & Adams, M. (2015). Social media network

participation and academic performance in senior high
schools in Ghana. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1.

Chicago Mingle, Jeffrey, and Musah Adams. "Social media network

participation and academic performance in senior high
schools in Ghana." Library Philosophy and Practice (2015):
1.

Harvard Mingle, J. and Adams, M., 2015. Social media network

participation and academic performance in senior high
schools in Ghana. Library Philosophy and Practice, p.1.

Vancouver Mingle J, Adams M. Social media network participation and

academic performance in senior high schools in Ghana.
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Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance

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