A Statement of The Problem

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A statement of the problem is used in research work as a claim that outlines the problem addressed by a

study. The statement of the problem briefly addresses the question: What is the problem that the
research will address?

What are the goals of a statement of the problem?

The ultimate goal of a statement of the problem is to transform a generalized problem (something that
bothers you; a perceived lack) into a targeted, well-defined problem; one that can be resolved through
focused research and careful decision-making.

Writing a statement of the problem should help you clearly identify the purpose of the research project
you will propose. Often, the statement of the problem will also serve as the basis for the introductory
section of your final proposal, directing your reader’s attention quickly to the issues that your proposed
project will address and providing the reader with a concise statement of the proposed project itself.

A statement of problem need not be long and elaborate: one page is more than enough for a good
statement of problem.

What are the key characteristics of a statement of the problem?

A good research problem should have the following characteristics:

 It should address a gap in knowledge.


 It should be significant enough to contribute to the existing body of research
 It should lead to further research
 The problem should render itself to investigation through collection of data
 It should be of interest to the researcher and suit his/her skills, time, and resources
 The approach towards solving the problem should be ethical

What is the format for writing a statement of the problem?


A persuasive statement of problem is usually written in three parts:

Part A (The ideal): Describes a desired goal or ideal situation; explains how things should be.

Part B (The reality): Describes a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value in Part A from being
achieved or realized at this time; explains how the current situation falls short of the goal or ideal.

Part C (The consequences): Identifies the way you propose to improve the current situation and move it
closer to the goal or ideal.

Here is an example:

Example 1

Part A: According to the XY university mission statement, the university seeks to provide students with a
safe, healthy learning environment. Dormitories are one important aspect of that learning environment,
since 55% of XY students live in campus dorms and most of these students spend a significant amount of
time working in their dorm rooms.

However,

Part B: Students living in dorms A B C, and D currently do not have air conditioning units, and during the
hot seasons, it is common for room temperatures to exceed 80 degrees F. Many students report that
they are unable to do homework in their dorm rooms. Others report having problems sleeping because
of the humidity and temperature. The rooms are not only unhealthy, but they inhibit student
productivity and academic achievement.
Part C: In response to this problem, our study proposes to investigate several options for making the
dorms more hospitable. We plan to carry out an all-inclusive participatory investigation into options for
purchasing air conditioners (university-funded; student-subsidized) and different types of air
conditioning systems. We will also consider less expensive ways to mitigate some or all of the problems
noted above (such as creating climate-controlled dorm lounges and equipping them with better study
areas and computing space).

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