Sicat vs. Areola

Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
A.C. No. 5864 April 15, 2005
ARTURO L. SICAT, complainant,

vs.
ATTY. GREGORIO E. ARIOLA, JR., respondent.
RESOLUTION
PER CURIAM:
In an affidavit-complaint,1 complainant Arturo L. Sicat, a Board Member of the Sangguniang

Panglalawigan of Rizal, charged respondent Atty. Gregorio E. Ariola, the Municipal
Administrator of Cainta, Rizal, with violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility by
committing fraud, deceit and falsehood in his dealings, particularly the notarization of a Special
Power of Attorney (SPA) purportedly executed by a one Juanito C. Benitez. According to
complainant, respondent made it appear that Benitez executed the said document on January 4,
2001 when in fact the latter had already died on October 25, 2000.
He alleged that prior to the notarization, the Municipality of Cainta had entered into a contract
with J.C. Benitez Architect and Technical Management, represented by Benitez, for the
construction of low-cost houses. The cost of the architectural and engineering designs amounted
to P11,000,000 and two consultants were engaged to supervise the project. For the services of the
consultants, the Municipality of Cainta issued a check dated January 10, 2001 in the amount of
P3,700,000, payable to J.C. Benitez Architects and Technical Management and/or Cesar Goco.
The check was received and encashed by the latter by virtue of the authority of the SPA
notarized by respondent Ariola.
Complainant further charged respondent with the crime of falsification penalized under Article
171 of the Revised Penal Code by making it appear that certain persons participated in an act or
proceeding when in fact they did not.
In his Comment,2 respondent explained that, as early as May 12, 2000, Benitez had already
signed the SPA. He claimed that due to inadvertence, it was only on January 4, 2001 that he was
able to notarize it. Nevertheless, the SPA notarized by him on January 4, 2001 was not at all
necessary because Benitez had signed a similar SPA in favor of Goco sometime before his death,
on May 12, 2000. Because it was no longer necessary, the SPA was cancelled the same day he
notarized it, hence, legally, there was no public document that existed. Respondent prayed that
the complaint be dismissed on the ground of forum-shopping since similar charges had been filed
with the Civil Service Commission and the Office of the Deputy Ombudsman for Luzon.
According to him, the complaints were later dismissed based on findings that the assailed act
referred to violations of the implementing rules and regulations of PD 1594,3 PD 1445,4 RA
71605 and other pertinent rules of the Commission on Audit (COA). He stressed that no criminal
and administrative charges were recommended for filing against him.
In a Resolution dated March 12, 2003,6 the Court referred the complaint to the Integrated Bar of
the Philippines (IBP) for investigation, report and recommendation. On August 26, 2003, the IBP
submitted its investigation report:
x x x it is evident that respondent notarized the Special Power of Attorney dated 4

January 2001 purportedly executed by Juanito C. Benitez long after Mr. Benitez was
dead. It is also evident that respondent cannot feign innocence and claim that he did not
know Mr. Benitez was already dead at the time because respondent, as member of the
Prequalification and Awards Committee of the Municipality of Cainta, personally knew
Mr. Benitez because the latter appeared before the Committee a number of times. It is
evident that the Special Power of Attorney dated 4 January 2001 was part of a scheme of
individuals to defraud the Municipality of Cainta of money which was allegedly due
them, and that respondent by notarizing said Special Power of Attorney helped said
parties succeed in their plans.7
The IBP recommended to the Court that respondent's notarial commission be revoked and that he
be suspended from the practice of law for a period of one year.8
After a careful review of the records, we find that respondent never disputed complainant's
accusation that he notarized the SPA purportedly executed by Benitez on January 4, 2001. He
likewise never took issue with the fact that on said date, Benitez was already dead. His act was a
serious breach of the sacred obligation imposed upon him by the Code of Professional
Responsibility, specifically Rule 1.01 of Canon 1, which prohibited him from engaging in
unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct. As a lawyer and as an officer of the court, it
was his duty to serve the ends of justice,9 not to corrupt it. Oath-bound, he was expected to act at
all times in accordance with law and ethics, and if he did not, he would not only injure himself
and the public but also bring reproach upon an honorable profession.10
In the recent case of Zaballero v. Atty. Mario J. Montalvan,11 where the respondent notarized
certain documents and made it appear that the deceased father of complainant executed them, the
Court declared the respondent there guilty of violating Canon 10, Rule 10.01 of the Code of
Professional Responsibility.12 The Court was emphatic that lawyers commissioned as notaries
public should not authenticate documents unless the persons who signed them are the very same
persons who executed them and personally appeared before them to attest to the contents and
truth of what are stated therein. The Court added that notaries public must observe utmost
fidelity, the basic requirement in the performance of their duties, otherwise the confidence of the
public in the integrity of notarized deeds and documents will be undermined.
In the case at bar, the records show that Benitez died on October 25, 2000. However, respondent
notarized the SPA, purportedly bearing the signature of Benitez, on January 4, 2001 or more than
two months after the latter's death. The notarial acknowledgement of respondent declared that
Benitez "appeared before him and acknowledged that the instrument was his free and voluntary
act." Clearly, respondent lied and intentionally perpetuated an untruthful statement. Notarization
is not an empty, meaningless and routinary act.13 It converts a private document into a public
instrument, making it admissible in evidence without the necessity of preliminary proof of its
authenticity and due execution.14
Neither will respondent's defense that the SPA in question was superfluous and unnecessary, and
prejudiced no one, exonerate him of accountability. His assertion of falsehood in a public
document contravened one of the most cherished tenets of the legal profession and potentially
cast suspicion on the truthfulness of every notarial act. As the Municipal Administrator of
Cainta, he should have been aware of his great responsibility not only as a notary public but as a
public officer as well. A public office is a public trust. Respondent should not have caused
disservice to his constituents by consciously performing an act that would deceive them and the
Municipality of Cainta. Without the fraudulent SPA, the erring parties in the construction project
could not have encashed the check amounting to P3,700,000 and could not have foisted on the
public a spurious contract ― all to the extreme prejudice of the very Municipality of which he
was the Administrator. According to the COA Special Task Force:
Almost all acts of falsification of public documents as enumerated in Article 171 in

relation to Article 172 of the Revised Penal Code were evident in the transactions of the
Municipality of Cainta with J.C. Benitez & Architects Technical Management for the
consultancy services in the conduct of Detailed Feasibility Study and Detailed
Engineering Design of the Proposed Construction of Cainta Municipal Medium Rise Low
Cost Housing, in the contract amount of P11,000,000. The agent resorted to
misrepresentation, manufacture or fabrication of fictitious document, untruthful narration
of facts, misrepresentation, and counterfeiting or imitating signature for the purpose of
creating a fraudulent contract. All these were tainted with deceit perpetrated against the
government resulting to undue injury. The first and partial payment, in the amount of
P3,700,000.00 was made in the absence of the required outputs. x x x15
We need not say more except that we are constrained to change the penalty recommended by the
IBP which we find too light.
WHEREFORE, respondent Atty. Gregorio E. Ariola, Jr., is found guilty of gross misconduct
and is hereby DISBARRED from the practice of law. Let copies of this Resolution be furnished
the Office of the Bar Confidant and entered in the records of respondent, and brought to the
immediate attention of the Ombudsman.

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Republic of the Philippines

A.C. No. 5864 April 15, 2005

ARTURO L. SICAT, complainant,

In an affidavit-complaint,1 complainant Arturo L. Sicat, a Board Member of the Sangguniang

x x x it is evident that respondent notarized the Special Power of Attorney dated 4

Almost all acts of falsification of public documents as enumerated in Article 171 in

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