Designation: D 5731 – 07

Standard Test Method for

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Determination of the Point Load Strength Index of Rock and

Application to Rock Strength Classifications1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This test method covers the guidelines, requirements, 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
and procedures for determining the point load strength index of D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
rock. This is an index test and is intended to be used to classify Fluids
rock strength. D 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-
1.2 Specimens in the form of rock cores, blocks, or irregular ter (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
lumps with a test diameter from 30 to 85 mm can be tested by D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
this test method. Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock
1.3 This test method can be performed in either the field or as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
laboratory. The test is typically used in the field because the D 5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock
testing machine is portable, little or minimal specimen prepa- Core Samples
ration is required, and specimens can be tested within a short D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-
time frame of being collected. cal Data
1.4 This test method applies to medium strength rock D 7012 Test Method for Compressive Strength and Elastic
(compressive strength over 15 MPa (2200 psi)). Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying
1.5 This test method does not cover which type of specimen States of Stress and Temperatures
should be tested or whether anisotropic factors should be E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
considered. The specifics of the point load test program need to Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
be developed prior to testing and possibly even before sam- E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
pling. Such specifics would be dependent on the intended use With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
of the data, as well as possible budgetary constraints and Characteristic of a Lot or Process
possible other factors, which are outside the scope of this test 2.2 ISRM Standard:
method. Suggested Methods for Determining Point Load Strength3
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in 3. Terminology
Practice D 6026. 3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to
1.7 The method used to specify how data are collected, Terminology D 653.
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other 3.2.1 diameter—D, for point load tests, the dimension of
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this the specimen between the opposing conical, test platens when
standard is beyond its scope. placed in the test machine
1.8 The values stated in the SI units are to be regarded as 3.2.2 point load strength anisotropy index—Ia(D), the
standard. strength anisotropy index is defined as the ratio of mean Is (D)
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the values measured perpendicular and parallel to planes of weak-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ness, that is, the ratio of greatest to least point load strength
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and the ASTM website.
3
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. “Suggested Methods for Determining Point Load Strength”, International
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally Society for Rock Mechanics Commission on Testing Methods, Int. J. Rock. Mech.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 5731–05. Min. Sci. and Geomechanical Abstr., Vol 22, No. 2, 1985, pp. 51–60.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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 D 5731 – 07
indices on different axes that result in the greatest and least that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable
ratio of point load strengths values. results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides
3.2.3 size-corrected point load strength index—Is (D), the a means of evaluating some of those factors.
original point load strength index value multiplied by a factor
6. Apparatus
to normalize the value that would have been obtained with
diametral test of diameter (D). 6.1 General—A basic point load tester (see Fig. 1) consists
3.2.4 uncorrected point load strength index—(Is), an indi- of a loading system typically comprised of a loading frame,
cator of strength (see 10.1) obtained by subjecting a rock platens, a measuring system for indicating load, P, (required to
specimen to an increasingly concentrated point load, applied break the specimen), and a means for measuring the distance,
through a pair of truncated, conical platens, until failure D, between the two platen contact points at the start of testing
occurs.3 and after failure. The equipment shall be resistant to shock and
vibration so that the accuracy of readings is not adversely
4. Summary of Test Method affected by repeated testing. Any special operational, mainte-
4.1 This index test is performed by subjecting a rock nance or calibrations instructions provided by the manufacturer
specimen to an increasingly concentrated load until failure for the particular apparatus being used shall be followed.

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occurs by splitting the specimen. The concentrated load is 6.2 Loading System:
applied through coaxial, truncated conical platens. The failure 6.2.1 The loading system shall have a loading frame with a
load is used to calculate the point load strength index. platen-to-platen clearance that allows testing of rock specimens
4.2 The point load strength index can be used to classify the in the required size range. Typically, this range is between 30
rocks. A common method used is by estimating the uniaxial to 100 mm, or the maximum opening size of the load frame, so
compressive strength. that an adjustable distance is available to accommodate both
small and large specimens.
5. Significance and Use
NOTE 2—It is generally accepted that specimens smaller than 42 mm
5.1 The uniaxial compression test (see Test Method D 7012) (BX cores) are not recommended because for smaller diameters the
is used to determine compressive strength of rock specimens. loading points can not be considered as theoretical “points” in relation to
However, it is a time-consuming and expensive test that specimen size.4
requires significant specimen preparation and the results may 6.2.2 The loading capacity shall be sufficient to break the
not be available for a long time after the samples are collected. largest and strongest specimens to be tested. Point load
When extensive testing and/or timely information is required strength of rock is usually an order of magnitude lower than the
for preliminary and reconnaissance information, alternative compressive strength of rock.
tests such as the point load test can be used to reduce the time 6.2.3 The load frame shall be designed and constructed so
and cost of compressive strength tests, when used in the field. that it does not permanently distort during repeated applica-
Such data can be used to make timely and more informed tions of the maximum test load, and so that the platens remain
decisions during the exploration phases and more efficient and coaxial within 60.2 mm throughout testing. No spherical seat
cost effective selection of samples for more precise and or other nonrigid component is permitted in the loading
expensive laboratory tests. system. Loading system rigidity is essential to avoid slippage
5.2 The point load strength test is used as an index test for when specimens of irregular geometry are tested.
strength classification of rock materials. The test results should 6.2.4 Truncated, conical platens, as shown on Fig. 2, are to
not be used for design or analytical purposes. be used. The 60° cone and 5-mm radius spherical platen tip
5.3 This test method is performed to determine the point shall meet tangentially. The platens shall be of hard material
load strength index of rock specimens and, if required, the (Rockwell 58 HRC, as explained in Test Method E 18) such as
point load strength anisotropy index. tungsten carbide or hardened steel so they remain undamaged
5.4 Rock specimens in the form of either core (the diametral during testing.
and axial tests), cut blocks (the block test), or irregular lumps 6.3 Load Measuring System:
(the irregular lump test) are tested by application of concen- 6.3.1 A load measuring system, for example a load cell or a
trated load through a pair of truncated, conical platens. Little or hydraulic pressure gage, that will indicate failure load, P,
no specimen preparation is required and can therefore be tested required to break specimen. The system should conform to the
shortly after being obtained and any influence of moisture requirements of 6.3.2-6.3.4.
condition on the test data minimized. However, the results can 6.3.2 Measurements of failure load, P, shall be to a preci-
be highly influenced by how the specimen is treated from the sion of 65 % or better of full-scale load-measuring system,
time it is obtained until the time it is tested. Therefore, it may irrespective of the size and strength of specimen that is tested.
be necessary to handle specimens in accordance with Practice 6.3.3 Failure is often sudden, therefore, and a peak load
D 5079 and to document moisture conditions in some manner indicator is required so the failure load can be recorded after
in the data collection. each test.
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent 4
Bieniawski, Z.T., The Point Load Test in Geotechnical Practice, Engineering
and objective testing and sampling. Users of this standard are cautioned Geology (9), pages 1-11, 1975.

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 D 5731 – 07

NOTE—Load frame general information (figure 1)Load is applied to the

specimens through two standard hardened points (1)Two column fixed
crosshead frame (2)Scale (3)Scale pointer (4)Attached by a bolt (5) to the
hydraulic pump body (6)Oil filler cap (7)The hydraulic piston assembly
incorporated the oil reservoir, a single acting pump, pressure relief valve
(9), and a handle (8)Pump handle (8)Pressure release valve (9)Case
latched for top cover (10)Digital pressure readout (11)Point load tester top
cover(12)
FIG. 1 Example of a Light-Weight Point Load Test Apparatus

6.3.4 If required, the system should be capable of using 7. Test Samples

interchangeable, mechanical or electronic gauge, load measur- 7.1 Rock samples are grouped on the basis of rock type, test
ing devices in order to be consistent with the estimated strength direction if rock is aniasotropic, and estimated strength.
of rock and have the desired reading accuracy. 7.2 Sample Size
6.4 Distance Measuring System: 7.2.1 When testing core or block samples at least ten
6.4.1 The distance measuring system, an electronic or ver- specimens are selected for the samples.
nier direct reading scale, should connect to the loading frame 7.2.2 When testing irregular-shaped specimens obtained by
for measuring the distance, D, between specimen-platen con- other means at least 20 specimens are selected for the samples.
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tact points at the start of testing and just prior to failure and
7.2.3 Sample sizes may need to be larger if the rock is
conform to requirements 6.4.2 and 6.4.3.
anisotropic or heterogeneous.
6.4.2 Measurements of D shall be to an accuracy of 62 %
7.2.4 If needed, Practice E 122 can be used to more pre-
or better of distance between contact points, irrespective of the
cisely determine the sample size.
size and strength of specimen that is tested.
7.3 Samples in the form of core are preferred for a more
6.4.3 The measuring system shall allow a check of the “zero
precise classification.
displacement” value when the two platens are in contact and
should include a zero adjustment and a means to record or 7.4 For anisotropic rocks the best results for core samples is
measure any penetration of the specimen by the point load when the core axis is perpendicular to the plane of weakness.
platens during testing.
6.4.4 An instrument such as a caliper or a steel rule is 8. Test Specimens
required to measure the width, W, (with an accuracy of 65 %) 8.1 Test Diameter—The specimen’s external test diameter
of specimens for all but the diametral test. shall not be less than 30 mm and not more than 85 mm with the
6.5 Miscellaneous Items—Depending on the type of preferred test diameter of about 50 mm.
samples (core or non core) and the type of specimens to be 8.2 Size and Shape—The size and shape requirements for
tested (diametral, Block, Axial, etc.), the following items may diametral, axial, block, or irregular lump testing shall conform
be needed: diamond saw, chisels, towels, marking pens, and with the recommendations shown on Fig. 3. The sides of the
plotting paper. specimens shall be free from abrupt irregularities that can

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FIG. 2 Truncated, Conical Platen Dimensions for Point Load

Apparatus

NOTE 1—Legend: L = distance between contact points and nearest free face, and De = equivalent core diameter (see 10.1).
FIG. 3 Load Configurations and Specimen Shape Requirement for (a) the Diametral Test, (b) the Axial Test, (c) the Block Test, and (d)
the Irregular Lump Test3

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FIG. 4 Anisotropy measurements and testing for maximum and minimum indices

generate stress concentrations. No specimen preparation is distance, L, between the contact points and the nearest free end
required, however a rock saw or chisels may be required for is at least 0.5 times the core diameter (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4(a)).
block or irregular specimens. Proper planning of diametral 9.2.3 Determine and record the distances D and L (see Fig.
tests on rock cores can produce suitable lengths of core for 3).
subsequent axial testing provided they are not weakened by the 9.2.4 Steadily increase the load such that failure occurs
diametral test. Otherwise, suitable specimens can be obtained within 10 to 60 s, and record failure load, P. The test should be
from the cores by saw-cutting, or core splitting. rejected if the fracture surface passes through only one platen
NOTE 3—While there are no established specimen guidelines for grain loading point (see Fig. 5(d)).
size versus specimen size this subject is still important and must be 9.2.5 The procedures in 9.2.2-9.2.4 are repeated for each
included in the testing and use of the data. Concrete testing using a point specimen of the rock type.
load tester recommends that a minimum ratio of core diameter to 9.3 Axial Test
maximum aggregate size of 4 be used.5 This ratio may be used until
9.3.1 Core specimens with length/diameter ratio of 1⁄3 to 1
guidelines are developed for rock.
are suitable for axial testing (see Fig. 3(b)). Suitable specimens
8.3 Water Content—Water content of the specimen can can be obtained by saw-cutting or chisel-splitting the core
affect the value of the point load strength. Therefore, the testing sample, or by using suitable pieces produced by carefully
plan shall include how water content will be included in the planned diametral tests (see 9.2).
point load testing program . This may include the recording, 9.3.2 Insert a specimen in the test machine and close the
controlling, and measurement of water content. platens to make contact along a line perpendicular to the core
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8.4 Marking and Measuring Specimens—The specimens end faces (in the case of isotropic rock, the core axis, but see
shall be properly marked and measured as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5 and 9.5 for anisotropic rock).
8.4.1 Marking—The desired test orientation of the speci- 9.3.3 Record the distance, D, between platen contact points
men shall be indicated by marking lines on the specimen. (see Fig. 3). Record the specimen width, W, perpendicular to
These lines are used for centering the specimen in the testing the loading direction, with an accuracy of 65 %.
machine, and to ensure proper orientation during testing,
9.3.4 Steadily increase the load such that failure occurs
including any issues involving anisotrophic rocks (see Fig. 3).
within 10 to 60 s, and record the failure load, P. The test should
These lines may also be used as reference lines for measuring
be rejected if the fracture surface passes through only one
width, length, and diameter.
loading point (see Fig. 6(e)).
8.4.2 Measuring—Measure each dimension of a specimen
9.3.5 Procedures 9.3.2-9.3.4 are repeated for each test
at three different places, and calculate the averages.
specimen of the rock type.
9. Procedure 9.4 Block and Irregular Lump Tests:
9.1 Develop a testing plan and, if needed, sampling plan to 9.4.1 Rock blocks or lumps, 30 to 85 mm, and of the shape
provide specimens for point load testing according to the shown in Fig. 3(c) and (d) are suitable for the block and the
following procedures for the specific specimen shape (diame- irregular lump tests. The ratio, D/W, should be between 1⁄3 and
tral, axial, block or irregular). 1, preferably close to 1. The distance L should be at least 0.5
9.2 Diametral Test W. Suitable specimens can be obtained by saw-cutting or
9.2.1 Core specimens with length/diameter ratio greater chisel-splitting larger samples or specimens if needed.
than one are suitable for diametral testing. 9.4.2 Insert a specimen in the testing machine and close the
9.2.2 Insert a specimen in the test device and close the platens to make contact with the smallest dimension of the
platens to make contact along a core diameter. Ensure that the lump or block, away from edges and corners (see Fig. 3(c) and
(d).
9.4.3 Record the distance D between platen contact points.
5
Robins, P.J., The Point Load Strength Test for Concrete Cores, Magazine of Record the smallest specimen width, W, perpendicular to the
Concrete Research, Vol. 32, No. 111, June 1980. loading direction. If the sides are not parallel, then calculate W

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FIG. 5 Typical Modes of Failure for Valid and Invalid Tests—(a) Valid diametral tests; (b) valid axial tests; (c) valid block tests; (d)
invalid core test; and (e) invalid axial test (point load strength index test).5
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FIG. 6 Procedure for Graphical Determination of Is(50) from a Set

of Results at De Values Other Than 50 mm 6

as (W1 + W2)/2 as shown on Fig. 3. This width, W, is used in 9.4.5 Procedures 9.4.2-9.4.4 are repeated for each test
calculating point load strength index irrespective of the actual specimen in the sample.
mode of failure (see Fig. 5 (c). 9.5 Anisotropic Rock:
9.4.4 Steadily increase the load such that failure occurs 9.5.1 When a rock sample is shaly, bedded, schistose, or
within 10 to 60 s, and record the failure load, P. The test should otherwise observably anisotropic, it should be tested in direc-
be rejected if the fracture surface passes through only one tions that will give the greatest and least strength values, in
loading point (see examples for other shapes in Fig. 5(d) or (e). general, parallel and normal to the planes of anisotropy.

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9.5.2 If the sample consists of core drilled through weakness 10.2 Size Corrected Point Load Index:
planes, a set of diametral tests may be completed first, spaced 10.2.1 The point load index, Is, varies as a function of D in
at intervals that will yield pieces that can then be tested axially. the diametral test, and as a function of De in axial, block, and
9.5.3 Strongest test results are obtained when the core axis irregular lump tests, so that a size correction must be applied,
is perpendicular to the planes of weakness; therefore, when if the D values for all the specimens are not the same, to obtain
possible, the core should be drilled in this direction. The angle an unique point load strength value for the rock specimen and
between the core axis and the normal to the direction of least one that can be used for purposes of rock strength classifica-
strength should preferably not exceed 30°. tion. See Fig. 7.
9.5.4 For measurement of the point load strength index (Is) 10.2.2 The size corrected point load strength index, Is(D), of
value in the direction of least strength, ensure that load is a rock specimen is defined in this procedure as the value of Is
applied along a single weakness plane. Similarly, when testing that would have been measured by a diametral test with D = 50
for the Is value in the direction of greatest strength, ensure that mm and given the symbol Is(50). The diameter of 50 mm has
the load is applied perpendicular to the direction of least been the preferred diameter since that diameter is associated
strength (see Fig. 4). with rock quality designations (RQD) and predominance of Nx
9.5.5 If the sample consists of blocks or irregular lumps, it core samples.
should be tested as two subsamples, with load first applied 10.2.3 When a precise rock classification is essential, the
perpendicular to, then along the observable planes of weak- most reliable method of obtaining Is(50) is to conduct diametral
ness. Again, the required minimum strength value is obtained tests at or close to D = 50 mm. Size correction is then
when the platens make contact and are loaded to failure along unnecessary. For example, in case of diametral tests on NX,
a single plane of weakness. core diameter = 54 mm and size correction to D = 50 mm is
9.6 If significant platen penetration occurs, the dimension D not necessary. Most point load strength tests are in fact
to be used in calculating point load strength should be the value performed using other specimen sizes or shapes. In such cases,
D8 measured at the instant of failure, that will be smaller than the size correction described in 10.2.4 or 10.2.5 must be
the initial value suggested in 9.2.3, 9.3.3, and 9.4.3. The error applied.
in assuming D to be its initial value is negligible when the
10.2.4 The most reliable method of size correction is to test
specimen is large or strong. The dimension at failure may
the specimen over a range of D or De values and to plot
always be used as an alternative to the initial value and is
graphically the relation between P and De. If a log-log plot is
preferred.
used, the relation is a straight line (see Fig. 6). Points that
9.7 Water Content
deviate substantially from the straight line may be disregarded
9.7.1 For precise measurements, follow Test Method
(although they should not be deleted). The value of Is(50)
D 2216 to determine the water content of each rock specimen
corresponding to De2 = 2500 mm2 (De = 50 mm) can be ob-
and report the moisture condition (see Section 11).
tained by interpolation and use of the size-corrected point load
9.7.2 At the minimum, water content shall be recorded as
strength index calculated as shown in 10.2.5.
air-dried, saturated, as-received, etc.
10.2.5 When neither 10.2.3 nor 10.2.4 is practical (for
10. Calculation example when testing single-sized core at a diameter other than
50 mm or if only a few small pieces are available), size
10.1 Uncorrected Point Load Strength Index—The uncor- correction may be accomplished using the formula:
rected point load strength, Is , is calculated as:
Is~50! 5 F 3 Is (3)
Is 5 P/De2, MPa (1)
The “Size Correction Factor F” can be obtained from the
where: chart in Fig. 8, or from the expression:
P = failure load, N,
F 5 ~De/50!0.45 (4)
De = equivalent core diameter (see Fig. 3), mm, and is
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given by: where:

De2 = D2 for diametral core tests without penetration, F = size correction factor
mm2, or For tests near the standard 50-mm size, only slight error is
De = 4A/p for axial, block, and lump tests, mm2;
2
introduced by using the approximate expression:
where: F 5 =~De/50! (5)
A = WD = minimum cross-sectional area of a plane
through the platen contact points (see Fig. 3). instead of using the procedure outlined in 10.2.4on Fig. 6.
10.3 Mean Value Calculation:
NOTE 4—If significant platen penetration occurs in the test, such as
when testing weak sandstones, the value of D should be the final value of
10.3.1 Mean values of Is(50), as defined in 10.3.2, are to be
the separation of the loading points, D8. Measurements of core diameter, used when classifying samples with regard to their point load
D, or specimen width, W, made perpendicular to the line joining the strength and point load strength anisotropy indices.
loading points are not affected by this platen penetration and should be 10.3.2 The mean value of Is(50) is to be calculated by
retained at the original values. The modified values of De can be calculated deleting the two highest and two lowest values from the ten, or
from:
more, valid tests, and calculating the mean of the remaining
De2 5 D 3 D8 for cores 5 4/p W 3 D8 for other shapes (2) values. If significantly fewer specimens are tested, only the

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FIG. 7 Example of Descriptive Strength Classification and Using a Nomograph to Compute the Point Load Index. Other Strength
Classifications May be Used.

8
FIG. 8 Size Correction Factor Chart

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FIG. 9 Relationship Between Point Load Strength Index and Uniaxial Compressive Strength from 125 Tests On Sandstone, Quartzite,
Marikana, Norite, and Belfast Norite9

TABLE 1 Generalized Index to Strength Conversion Factor (K)

highest and lowest values are to be deleted and the mean forA
calculated from those remaining. Core Size, mm Value of “C” (Generalized)
10.4 Point Load Strength Anisotropy Index—The strength 21.5 (Ex Core) 18
anisotropy index Ia(50) is defined as the ratio of mean Is(50) 30 19
42 (Bx Core) 21
values measured perpendicular and parallel to planes of weak- 50 23
ness, that is, the ratio of greatest to least point load strength 54 (Nx Core) 24
indices. See Fig. 96. 60 24.5
10.5 Estimation of Uniaxial Compressive Strength—The A
Bieniawski, Z.T. The Point-Load Test in Geotechnical Practice, Engineering
estimated uniaxial compressive strength can be obtained by Geology (9) 1-11.

using Fig. 8 or using the following formula:

sc 5 K*Is~D! (6) 11.1.1 Source of sample including project name, location,
how collected (drill hole, block sample, etc.) and, if known,
where: storage (curatorial history) environment. The location may be
sc = uniaxial compressive strength, MPa specified in terms of borehole number and depth of specimen
K = index to strength conversion factor that depends on from the collar of the hole,
site-specific correlation between sc and Is(D), MPa 11.1.2 Physical description of sample including rock type
and and location and orientation of discontinuities, such as, appar-
Is(D) = corrected point load strength index at a given (D). ent weakness planes, bedding planes, schistosity, or large
10.5.1 If site-specific correlation factor “K” is not available, inclusions, if any,
the generalized values may be used in Table 1. 11.1.3 Date and personnel involved with sampling, speci-
10.5.2 If any specimen in a rock type gives a value 20 % men preparation, and testing,
under the average, it should be examined for defects and a 11.1.4 Test apparatus used, model number, and calibrations,
decision made on the validity of the results. 11.1.5 As a minimum, a general indication of the moisture
condition of test specimens at the time of testing, such as,
11. Report saturated, as received, laboratory air dry, or oven dry. In some
11.1 A typical report (example shown in Fig. 10) may cases, especially where the results are sensitive to water
include the following: content, it may be necessary to report the actual water content
as determined in accordance with Test Method D 2216,
11.1.6 Average thickness and average diameter of the test
6
D’Andrea, D.V., Fisher, R.L., and Fogelson, D.E., Prediction of Compressive
specimen,
Strength of Rock from Other Rock Properties, U.S. Bureau of Mines Rep. Invest.,, 11.1.7 The maximum applied load “P”,
6702, 1965. 11.1.8 The distance “D” or D8, or both, if required,
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 D 5731 – 07

FIG. 10 Test Record Example11

11.1.9 Direction of loading (parallel to or normal to plane of physical properties have not been produced for testing. Since
weakness or anisotrophy directions), specimens that would yield the same test results have not been
11.1.10 The number of specimens tested and how prepared, tested, Subcommittee D18.12 cannot determine the variation
11.1.11 The calculated uncorrected (Is) and corrected (D=50 between tests since any variation observed is just as likely to be
mm), Is(50) point load strength index values, due to specimen variation as to operator or testing variation.
11.1.12 The estimated value of uniaxial compressive Subcommittee D18.12 welcomes proposals to resolve this
strength (sc) and the strength classification, problem and would allow for development of a valid precision
11.1.13 The calculated value of strength anisotropy index statement.
(Ia(50)), and 12.2 Bias—There is no accepted reference value for this test
11.1.14 Type and location of failure, including any photo- method; therefore, bias cannot be determined.
graphs of the tested specimens before and after the test.
12. Precision and Bias 13. Keywords
12.1 Precision—Due to the nature of rock materials tested 13.1 compressive strength; index test; point load; rock; rock
by this test method, multiple specimens that have uniform classification

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 D 5731 – 07

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

In accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this standard since
the last edition (2002) that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Deleted Test Method D 2938 in Section 2 and 5.1 and

replaced with Test Method D 7012

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