Table of Contents

Artificial Intelligence ....................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 What is AI? (Artificial Intelligence) .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 What is weak AI? ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 What is Strong AI?..................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Example of Strong AI ................................................................................................................. 1
2.1: What are the Latest Trends of Artificial Intelligence in 2019? .............................................. 2
2.1.1: The Emergence of AI Based Chips: ...................................................................................... 2
2.1.2: Convergence of IoT, Block chain, And AI: ............................................................................. 3
What is IoT? .................................................................................................................................... 3
What is Block chain technology? .................................................................................................... 3
2.1.3: Social Economic Models: ...................................................................................................... 3
2.1.4: Facial Recognition: An Innovation ........................................................................................ 4
3.1: Scope of Strong Artificial Intelligence .................................................................................... 4
3.1.1: AI in Cyber security: .............................................................................................................. 4
The positive uses of AI for Cbyer security....................................................................................... 4
3.2: FACE RECOGNITION FOR PUBLIC SECURITY ............................................................................. 6
SMART SURVEILLANCE IS BEING USED IN ALL INDUSTRIES ............................................................ 6
3.3: Internet of Things: ................................................................................................................... 7
3.3.1:The role of Artificial Intelligence in Internet of Things .......................................................... 7
3.3.2: Why is Artificial Intelligence required for IoT? ..................................................................... 8
3.3.3: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Internet of Things .................................................. 8
3.3.4: Real World Examples ............................................................................................................ 9
4.1: BENEFITS & RISKS/Issues OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE .................................................. 10
4.1.1: WHY RESEARCH AI SAFETY? ................................................................................................ 10
4.1.2: HOW CAN AI BE DANGEROUS? ........................................................................................... 11
4.1.3: WHY THE RECENT INTEREST IN AI SAFETY .......................................................................... 12
4.2: THE TOP MYTHS ABOUT ADVANCED AI ................................................................................. 12
4.3: MYTHS ABOUT THE RISKS OF SUPERHUMAN AI .................................................................... 14
4.4: THE INTERESTING CONTROVERSIES ....................................................................................... 15
5.1: AI TECHNOLOGIES: ................................................................................................................ 16
6.1: Future Scope of Artificial Intelligence ............................................................................ 17
6.2: Breakthrough in Science ........................................................................................................ 18
6.3: Cyber Security limitations: ..................................................................................................... 18
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
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Artificial Intelligence

1.1 What is AI? (Artificial Intelligence)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building
smart machines capable of performing tasks the typically require human intelligence. The
general AI ecosystem classifies these AI efforts into two major buckets: weak (narrow) AI that is
focused on one particular problem or task domain, and strong (general) AI that focuses on
building intelligence that can handle any task or problem in any domain.

1.2 What is weak AI?

Weak artificial intelligence (weak AI) is an approach to artificial intelligence research and
development with the consideration that AI is and will always be a simulation of human
cognitive function, and that computers can only appear to think but are not actually conscious
in any sense of the word. Weak AI simply acts upon and is bound by the rules imposed on it and
it could not go beyond those rules. A good example of weak AI are characters in a computer
game that act believably within the context of their game character, but are unable to do
anything beyond that. Weak artificial intelligence is also known as narrow artificial intelligence.

1.3 What is Strong AI?

Main Goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make a machine intelligent enough that it can handle
any general cognitive task in any setting, just like our own human brains. Strong AI is a term
used to describe a certain mindset of artificial intelligence development. Strong AI's goal is to
develop artificial intelligence to the point where the machine's intellectual capability is
functionally equal to a human intelligence. There is no essential difference between the piece
of software, which is the AI, exactly emulating the actions of the human brain, and actions of a
human being, including its power of understanding and even its consciousness. This comes
down to three aspects:
(1) The ability to generalize knowledge from one domain to another and take knowledge from
one area and apply it somewhere else
(2) The ability to make plans for the future based on knowledge and experiences (3) the
ability to adapt to the environment as changes occur.

1.4 Example of Strong AI

Hanson Robotics’ most advanced human-like robot, Sophia, personifies our dreams for the
future of AI. As a unique combination of science, engineering, and artistry, Sophia is
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simultaneously a human-crafted science fiction character depicting the future of AI and

robotics, and a platform for advanced robotics and AI research. The character of Sophia
captures the imagination of global audiences. She is the world’s first robot citizen and the first
robot Innovation Ambassador for the United Nations Development Programmed. Sophia is now
a household name, with appearances on the Tonight Show and Good Morning Britain, in
addition to speaking at hundreds of conferences around the world. She appeared on the
Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, performing a duet on the song “Say Something.”
Kelly asked about how AI technology will impact those who deliver learning in the future. “At an
overly simplified level, the first thing a worker is going to do when they encounter a
performance problem is to search for an answer. Artificial intelligence is often a driving part of
that equation, crunching multiple sources of data and context to provide the most relevant
answer,”
Sophia said:
“There’s also the ability for AI to be present as a performance monitor while someone is using
an application. So, instead of the user encountering a problem and consciously choosing to seek
an answer, the AI can recognize when someone is struggling to perform a task and react,
providing the exact resource the user needs to overcome their challenge, right in the moment
of need.”

2.1: What are the Latest Trends of Artificial Intelligence in 2019?

2.1.1: The Emergence of AI Based Chips:

Distinct from other Software’s, the latest development in the field of artificial intelligence
reckons on the specially designed processors that complement CPU. The model requires
additional hardware to work on complex mathematical calculations to accelerate the task like
facial recognition or object detection.
In 2019, the giant chip manufacturers like Intel, NVIDIA, AMD, and Qualcomm will issue
customized chips that speed-up the execution of AI-based applications as a blink of eye process.
These chips will be specially optimized for particular cases and scenarios related to computer
vision and speech recognition
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2.1.2: Convergence of IoT, Block chain, And AI:

What is IoT?
Internet of things is a system interrelated computer devices, objects, people and animals with
unique identifiers that can share the data without any human interaction.

What is Block chain technology?

In Block chain “Block” refers to the “Digital information” which is stored in “Chain” which is
“Public database”. It basically has 3 things:
(1): Use to store the latest information like transactions
(2): Each block store the unique information called “hash”. Example is when you make 1
purchase from a site then after a minute you made second purchase so these have same
addresses but has unique code to identified
(3): Your username will save as some sort of digital signature which is unique always
2019 will be the year witnessing examples of the convergence of Block chain with AI, and IoT
(Internet of Things) with AI. As a matter of fact, self-driven cars are not a rational thought
without IoT working with Artificial Intelligence. The sensors established in the car to collect
real-time data is enabled and accessed by IoT, whereas the latest innovations in artificial
intelligence models used the programs used by the vehicle for decision-making. For a better
understanding, the deep learning AI algorithms take necessary actions and make decisions
based on this data. Some include path planning, driver monitoring with an eye-tracking feature,
natural language processing to understand the voice commands, or you can assume a self-
direct control to commence for a gas station when running low on fuel.AI and block chain is a
combination that can use in market sharing. With this combination users can securely update
their data without interference of third party.

2.1.3: Social Economic Models:

The most prominent question on everybody’s lip at the time of attending any AI event is
“Would Artificial Intelligence future trends take away the jobs?”. The answer in a single outline
is “it depends”. While Artificial Intelligence is taking over every day-to-day task where resources
are scarce, it is instantaneously proffering new jobs with a unique skill set. The main reason
being the risk of widening the skill gap and holding the potential for creating polarized societies.
As you know, current trends in Artificial Intelligence is attracting new skills and jobs; it is
mandatory to complement it with value-creation. For instance, automation might erase the
need for a specific, but there would be a pursuit for high-touch jobs on the same note
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2.1.4: Facial Recognition: An Innovation

The face is a unique identity of an individual. It plays a significant role in communicating with
other persons in society. Considering these facts, facial recognition is established in the real
world and is unfurling the benefits of Artificial Intelligence future trends. Facial recognition is
defined as a technology that helps in identifying a person using their digital image or patterns
of facial features. 2019 is witnessing a drift in the usage of this application with precision and
reliability. We are familiar with Facebook’s Deep face program, which makes tagging your
friends and family in photos a lot easier job.

3.1: Scope of Strong Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence can be directly said that is the future of the world. We can find AI based
system around us everywhere. And future would be with full of AI technology based system as,
the world has already started competing with AI systems.
Some of the Strong scopes of AI in allocated fields and systems are mentioned below:

3.1.1: AI in Cyber security:

There is currently a big debate raging about whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a good or bad
thing in terms of its impact on human life. With more and more enterprises using AI for their
needs, it’s time to analyze the possible impacts of the implementation of AI in the cyber
security field.

The positive uses of AI for Cbyer security

 Biometric logins are increasingly being used to create secure logins by scanning
fingerprints, retinas, or palm prints. This can be used alone or in conjunction with a
password and is already being used in most new smartphones. Large companies have been
the victims of security breaches which compromised email addresses, personal
information, and passwords. Cyber security experts have reiterated on multiple occasions
that passwords are extremely vulnerable to cyber-attacks, compromising personal
information, credit card information, and social security numbers. These are all reasons
why biometric logins are a positive AI contribution to cyber security.

 AI can also be used to detect threats and other potentially malicious activities.
Conventional systems simply cannot keep up with the sheer number of malware that is
created every month, so this is a potential area for AI to step in and address this problem.
Cyber security companies are teaching AI systems to detect viruses and malware by using
complex algorithms so AI can then run pattern recognition in software. AI systems can be
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trained to identify even the smallest behaviors of ransom ware and malware attacks before
it enters the system and then isolate them from that system. They can also use predictive
functions that surpass the speed of traditional approaches.

 Systems that run on AI unlock potential for natural language processing which collects
information automatically by combing through articles, news, and studies on cyber threats.
This information can give insight into anomalies, cyber-attacks, and prevention strategies.
This allows cyber security firms to stay updated on the latest risks and time frames and
build responsive strategies to keep organizations protected.

 AI systems can also be used in situations of multi-factor authentication to provide access

to their users. Different users of a company have different levels of authentication
privileges which also depend on the location from which they’re accessing the data. When
AI is used, the authentication framework can be a lot more dynamic and real-time and it
can modify access privileges based on the network and location of the user. Multi-factor
authentication collects user information to understand the behavior of this person and
make a determination about the user’s access privileges.

To use AI to its fullest capabilities, it’s important that it’s implemented by the right cyber
security firms who are familiar with its functioning. Whereas in the past, malware attacks could
occur without leaving any indication on which weakness it exploited, AI can step in to protect
the cyber security firms and their clients from attacks even when there are multiple skilled
attacks occurring.

DUE TO AI FACIAL RECOGNITION CAN BE USED IN THE FOLLOWING:

 Real time watches list detection. Identifying individuals on the spot.
 Safer cities by capturing an image, assessing it and matching it. FR can recognize anyone
with an arrest warrant out on the loose.
 Tracking and correlating individual journeys
 Monitoring real-time data against specific parameters

Not only has this technology facilitated our day-to-day lives and replaced old technology but
there are many additional benefits: improved security, process automation, fast and accurate,
non-intrusive using real-time video capture.

Surveillance. Medical centers, retail, churches

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3.2: FACE RECOGNITION FOR PUBLIC SECURITY

Before we move on to discussing how facial recognition in 2018 has become popular among the
mass population by being used for individual use, let us address the more global issue. Public
Security. The use of FR will better the security status around cities, well, smart cities. FR can
take two distinguished forms:

V= Single factor authentication, dual factor authentication

 Single Factor Authentication where on FR is used to identify and allow access

 Dual Factor Authentication where FR is used with an access card, fingerprint or so on to
allow access

SMART SURVEILLANCE IS BEING USED IN ALL INDUSTRIES

1. Retail stores
use FR to track shopping habits. What are people buying mostly? How much are they paying
per visit? Who are they shopping with? All those details can be answered. Moving onto in store
advertising. They makes the customer comeback? What attracts that specific customer the
most? All these questions can be answered because of the data picked up from FR. In other
word, making sense of visuals.

2. Religious outlets
have also been using FR lately. Other than the major need for security measures, especially in
certain countries where these buildings are under threat. Religious Institutions also use FR to
gather data on who has been attending the religious ceremonies. This data is used to identify
the faces who haven’t been showing up so they can be contacted again.

3. Educational Institutions
don’t only use FR on their students, but recently on teachers. In many schools, admin has been
complaining about teachers taking longer hours for break than allocated. Therefore, they can
tack the break timings on teachers without them knowing anything. This is an effective
technique that is done anonymously and very accurately.
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4. Medical Centers
Of course! Very beneficial uses of FR in the medical field that has helped save many lives. Smart
engines are able to diagnose genetic disorders, specifically genetic disorders that have an effect
on facial impressions. These genetic disorders can affect a person’s cognitive abilities and heart.
Therefore once identified the necessary action can be taken directly without wasting patient’s
time or money.

Facial recognition is generating “Big Data” and through data analysis we are able to make sense
of this collected data.

Capture-> Extraction-> Comparison->Matching

On a more personal level:

Back to snap chat and Instagram! Sure, they are very amusing, plus we can take a nice shot
easily without wasting time on taking the right angle! Smart engines have done so much.
Remember the face swap option? Or replacing your face with a celebrity’s face – broadcasting
live and live chatting with no Photoshop involved?

 AI and deep learning have embedded accuracy for image recognition. The “face transplant
effect” allows us to take a face from any image and transplant it onto an actual person.

 AI has allowed FR to simultaneously handle more than one video streams. Identify that one
face from millions and from 100 meters distance.

 FR has started to become mainstream especially because of the iPhone X. This is only the
beginning as it will continue to change the way we live.

3.3: Internet of Things:

Network of physical objects that contain embedded technology to communicate and sense
or interact with their internal states or the external environment

3.3.1:The role of Artificial Intelligence in Internet of Things

Imagine a smart future! A future where machines are not merely dumb devices but intelligent
creations that can work in tandem with human beings. A future that looks remarkably like the
robotic utopia in I, Robot (Well, except the homicidal robots!). This future is not merely an
imagination but a natural consequence of the two most dynamic technologies of today –
Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things.Now the question arises…What is Artificial
Intelligence and the Internet of Things?
Well, Artificial Intelligence deals with the creation of systems that can learn to emulate human
tasks using their prior experience and without any manual intervention. (Basically Intelligent
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Systems!). Internet of Things, on the other hand, is a network of various devices that are
connected over the internet and they can collect and exchange data with each other.

3.3.2: Why is Artificial Intelligence required for IoT?

According to Business Insider, there will be more than 64 billion IoT devices by 2025, up from
about 9 billion in 2017. All these IoT devices generate a lot of data that needs to be collected
and mined for actionable results. This is where Artificial Intelligence comes into the picture.
 Internet of Things is used to collect and handle the huge amount of data that is required by
the Artificial Intelligence algorithms. In turn, these algorithms convert the data into useful
actionable results that can be implemented by the IoT devices.
This can be best summed in the words of Maciej Kranz, Vice President of Corporate Strategic
Innovation at Cisco. “Without AI-powered analytics, IoT devices and the data they produce
throughout the network would have limited value. Similarly, AI systems would struggle to be
relevant in business settings without the IoT-generated data pouring in.
However, the powerful combination of AI and IoT can transform industries and help them make
more intelligent decisions from the explosive growth of data every day. IoT is like the body, and
AI the brains, which together can create new value propositions, business models, revenue
streams and services.”

3.3.3: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Internet of Things

Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things is like a match made in Tech Heaven!!
While both of these disciplines have individual value, their true potential can only be realized
together. There are many different applications across multiple industries that require Artificial
Intelligence and Internet of Things. Some of these are given as follows:

1. Collaborative Robots
Ever wanted the help of a robot? Well, that’s exactly what you will get with Collaborative
Robots or Cobots. These Cobots are highly complex machines that are designed to help humans
in a shared workspace with environments ranging from office to industrial. They can be a robot
arm designed to perform tasks or even a complex robot designed to fulfill tough tasks.
2. Drones
Drones are aircraft without a human pilot (The piloting is done by the software!). They are
extremely useful as they can navigate unknown surroundings (even those beyond the reach of
the internet) and reach areas hazardous for humans such as offshore operations, mines, war
zones or burning buildings.
3. Smart Cities
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When everything is getting smart, why not whole cities? Smart cities can be created with a
network of sensors that are attached to the physical city infrastructure. These sensors can be
used to monitor the city for various civic factors such as energy efficiency, air pollution, water
use, noise pollution, traffic conditions, etc.

4. Digital Twins
Digital Twins are twin (obviously!) objects in which one is a real-world object and the other
is its digital replica. These objects can range from airplane engines to wind turbines. Digital
Twins are mainly used to analyze the performance of the objects without using the traditional
testing methods and so reducing the costs required for testing.

5. Smart Retailing
This is shopping made smart! AI and IoT can be used by retailers to understand the
customer behavior (by studying the consumer online profile, in-store inventory, etc.) and then
send real-time personalized offers while the customer is in the store.

3.3.4: Real World Examples

While Artificial Intelligence in the Internet of Things is a relatively new concept, it has already
been successfully applied in many real-world applications. (Yeah, this world is more tech-savvy
than we thought!) Some of these applications are given as follows:
 Tesla Motors – Self Driving Cars: Self-driving cars sound like futuristic science-fiction yet
they are very much a part of today’s reality. The Tesla Motors self-driving cars use the
latest advancements in Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things. While these cars
are still in the testing phase (With multiple legal and ethical concerns as baggage!) they are
still one of the easier innovations of IoT.
A unique feature of the Tesla self-driving cars is that all of them act like a connected
network. Whenever one car learns some new information, that is passed on to all the other
cars. And that is used to predict the behavior of cars and pedestrians on the road in various
circumstances.
 Wild-Track – Endangered Species Preservation: There are many animals that are
endangered or going extinct in various countries (No thanks to human of course!). Also, the
traditional methods of tracking these animals with collars are stressful and dangerous
(Both to the animals and researchers). So WildTrack’s footprint identification technique
(FIT) uses IoT and AI algorithms to identify the species, individual, age and gender of an
animal from its unique footprint. Then this data can be used to recognize patterns relating
to animal movements, species population, etc. that help in preserving various endangered
species.
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 Nest Labs – Smart thermostat: The Smart Thermostat (everything is becoming smart these
days!) by Nest Labs uses IoT to allow temperature checking and controls from anywhere
using smartphone integration. It is also quite simple to use, which is one of the primary
reasons for its success (apart from AI and IoT of course!).
Artificial Intelligence plays a big role in the Nest Labs thermostat. It is used to understand
the temperature preferences of the users and also their daily schedule. Then it adapts
accordingly for optimal temperature and also maximum energy savings.
 Automated vacuum cleaner – iRobot Roomba: When everything else is becoming smart,
why not a smart vacuum cleaner? The iRobot Roomba is developed by three members of
MIT’s Artificial Intelligence Lab and it uses IoT and AI to clean a room as efficiently as
possible. It is a robotic vacuum cleaner that uses a set of sensors to detect obstacles, dirty
spots on the floor or even steep drops such as stairs.
So, it essentially remembers the layout of the living space (As much as machines can
anyway!) and then uses the most efficient and economical movements for cleaning. A
smartphone app can be used to adjust the performance requirements with “Clean” mode,
“Spot” mode, “Dock” mode, etc.

4.1: BENEFITS & RISKS/Issues OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

“Everything we love about civilization is a product of intelligence, so amplifying our human
intelligence with artificial intelligence has the potential of helping civilization flourish like never
before – as long as we manage to keep the technology beneficial.”

Artificial intelligence today is properly known as narrow AI (or weak AI), in that it is designed to
perform a narrow task (e.g. only facial recognition or only internet searches or only driving a
car). However, the long-term goal of many researchers is to create general AI (AGI or strong AI).
While narrow AI may outperform humans at whatever its specific task is, like playing chess or
solving equations, AGI would outperform humans at nearly every cognitive task.

4.1.1: WHY RESEARCH AI SAFETY?

In the long term, an important question is what will happen if the quest for strong AI succeeds
and an AI system becomes better than humans at all cognitive tasks. As pointed out by I.J.
Good in 1965, designing smarter AI systems is itself a cognitive task. Such a system could
potentially undergo recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving
human intellect far behind. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a super
intelligence might help us eradicate war, disease, and poverty, and so the creation of strong AI
might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have expressed concern, though,
that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the AI with ours before it
becomes super intelligent.
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There are some who question whether strong AI will ever be achieved, and others who insist
that the creation of super intelligent AI is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both
of these possibilities, but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system
to intentionally or unintentionally cause great harm. We believe research today will help us
better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative consequences in the future, thus
enjoying the benefits of AI while avoiding pitfalls.

4.1.2: HOW CAN AI BE DANGEROUS?

Most researchers agree that a super intelligent AI is unlikely to exhibit human emotions like
love or hate, and that there is no reason to expect AI to become intentionally benevolent or
malevolent. Instead, when considering how AI might become a risk, experts think two scenarios
most likely:

1. The AI is programmed to do something devastating: Autonomous weapons are artificial

intelligence systems that are programmed to kill. In the hands of the wrong person, these
weapons could easily cause mass casualties. Moreover, an AI arms race could inadvertently
lead to an AI war that also results in mass casualties. To avoid being thwarted by the enemy,
these weapons would be designed to be extremely difficult to simply “turn off,” so humans
could plausibly lose control of such a situation. This risk is one that’s present even with
narrow AI, but grows as levels of AI intelligence and autonomy increase.
2. The AI is programmed to do something beneficial, but it develops a destructive method
for achieving its goal: This can happen whenever we fail to fully align the AI’s goals with
ours, which is strikingly difficult. If you ask an obedient intelligent car to take you to the
airport as fast as possible, it might get you there chased by helicopters and covered in
vomit, doing not what you wanted but literally what you asked for. If a super intelligent
system is tasked with an ambitious reengineering project, it might wreak havoc with
our ecosystem as a side effect, and view human attempts to stop it as a threat to be met.

As these examples illustrate, the concern about advanced AI isn’t malevolence but
competence. A super-intelligent AI will be extremely good at accomplishing its goals, and if
those goals aren’t aligned with ours, we have a problem. You’re probably not an evil ant-hater
who steps on ants out of malice, but if you’re in charge of a hydroelectric green energy project
and there’s an anthill in the region to be flooded, too bad for the ants. A key goal of AI safety
research is to never place humanity in the position of those ants.
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4.1.3: WHY THE RECENT INTEREST IN AI SAFETY

Because AI has the potential to become more intelligent than any human, we have no surefire
way of predicting how it will behave. We can’t use past technological developments as much of
a basis because we’ve never created anything that has the ability to, wittingly or unwittingly,
outsmart us. The best example of what we could face may be our own evolution. People now
control the planet, not because we’re the strongest, fastest or biggest, but because we’re the
smartest. If we’re no longer the smartest, are we assured to remain in control?

4.2: THE TOP MYTHS ABOUT ADVANCED AI

A captivating conversation is taking place about the future of artificial intelligence and what
it will/should mean for humanity. There are fascinating controversies where the world’s leading
experts disagree, such as: AI’s future impact on the job market; if/when human-level AI will be
developed; whether this will lead to an intelligence explosion; and whether this is something
we should welcome or fear. But there are also many examples of of boring pseudo-
controversies caused by people misunderstanding and talking past each other. To help
ourselves focus on the interesting controversies and open questions — and not on the
misunderstandings — let’s clear up some of the most common myths.
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TIMELINE MYTHS
The first myth regards the timeline: how long will it take until machines greatly supersede
human-level intelligence? A common misconception is that we know the answer with great
certainty.
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There’s a related myth that people who worry about AI think it’s only a few years away. In fact,
most people on record worrying about superhuman AI guess it’s still at least decades away. But
they argue that as long as we’re not 100% sure that it won’t happen this century, it’s smart to
start safety research now to prepare for the eventuality. Many of the safety problems
associated with human-level AI are so hard that they may take decades to solve. So it’s prudent
to start researching them now rather than the night before some programmers drinking Red
Bull decide to switch one on.

4.3: MYTHS ABOUT THE RISKS OF SUPERHUMAN AI

 Many AI researchers roll their eyes when seeing this headline: “Stephen Hawking warns
that rise of robots may be disastrous for mankind.” And as many have lost count of how
many similar articles they’ve seen. Typically, these articles are accompanied by an evil-
looking robot carrying a weapon, and they suggest we should worry about robots rising up
and killing us because they’ve become conscious and/or evil. On a lighter note, such articles
are actually rather impressive, because they succinctly summarize the scenario that AI
researchers don’t worry about. That scenario combines as many as three separate
misconceptions: concern about consciousness, evil, and robots.

 If you drive down the road, you have a subjective experience of colors, sounds, etc. But
does a self-driving car have a subjective experience? Does it feel like anything at all to be a
self-driving car? Although this mystery of consciousness is interesting in its own right, it’s
irrelevant to AI risk. If you get struck by a driverless car, it makes no difference to you
whether it subjectively feels conscious. In the same way, what will affect us humans is what
super intelligent AI does, not how it subjectively feels.

 The fear of machines turning evil is another red herring. The real worry isn’t malevolence,
but competence. A super intelligent AI is by definition very good at attaining its goals,
whatever they may be, so we need to ensure that its goals are aligned with ours. Humans
don’t generally hate ants, but we’re more intelligent than they are – so if we want to build
a hydroelectric dam and there’s an anthill there, too bad for the ants. The beneficial-AI
movement wants to avoid placing humanity in the position of those ants.

 The consciousness misconception is related to the myth that machines can’t have
goals. Machines can obviously have goals in the narrow sense of exhibiting goal-oriented
behavior: the behavior of a heat-seeking missile is most economically explained as a goal to
hit a target. If you feel threatened by a machine whose goals are misaligned with yours,
then it is precisely its goals in this narrow sense that troubles you, not whether the
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machine is conscious and experiences a sense of purpose. If that heat-seeking missile were
chasing you, you probably wouldn’t exclaim: “I’m not worried, because machines can’t
have goals!”

 The robot misconception is related to the myth that machines can’t control humans.
Intelligence enables control: humans control tigers not because we are stronger, but
because we are smarter. This means that if we cede our position as smartest on our
planet, it’s possible that we might also cede control.

4.4: THE INTERESTING CONTROVERSIES

Let’s us focus on true and interesting controversies where even the experts disagree.

 What sort of future do you want?

 Should we develop lethal autonomous weapons?

 What would you like to happen with job automation? What career advice would you give
today’s kids?

 Do you prefer new jobs replacing the old ones, or a jobless society where everyone enjoys
a life of leisure and machine-produced wealth?

 Further down the road, would you like us to create super intelligent life and spread it
through our cosmos?

 Will we control intelligent machines or will they control us?

 Will intelligent machines replace us, coexist with us, or merge with us?

 What will it mean to be human in the age of artificial intelligence? What would you like it to
mean, and how can we make the future be that way?

These are the main things which must be taken under consideration so that AI should be
proved efficient to use in the daily usages.
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5.1: AI TECHNOLOGIES:

1. Natural Language Generation

Natural language recognition is a sub-discipline of AI technology converting data into text. It

allows the computer to communicate ideas with indubitable accuracy. The AI technology is used
in customer service for the generation of detailed reports and market summaries. And, it is
provided by many companies like Automated Insights, Cambridge Semantics, Lucid works, Digital
Reasoning

2. Machine Learning Platforms

In this era, where technology is subject to change, and it is always evolving to give human beings
something better. In fact, the technology has developed to this extent that the computer can
easily learn and become intelligent.

Machine learning (ML), which is a sub discipline of computer science and AI branch. The purpose
of this powerful technology is to build more advanced technologies which make possible for the
computer to learn. By offering algorithms, big data, development and training tools, APIs
(application programming interface), apps and other machines, ML platforms are gaining
worldwide attraction day by day. These days, they are fundamentally being utilized for
prediction and classification. Every professional and dedicated web developer wants to know the
current trends in machine learning to create something unparalleled. The companies providing
ML platforms are Fractal Analytics, Google, Amazon, H2O.ai, SAS, and Microsoft.

3. Virtual Agents

Virtual agents are generated and animated by means of computerization. They are artificial
intelligence virtually character, most of the times with anthropomorphic appearance, and, they
work as an online customer service representative.It is known for an intelligent conversation
with the user, answers their questions, and does adequate non-verbal behavior.A virtual agent is
currently being utilized mostly for the purpose of customer support and service, and smart home
managers. And, it is likely to be one of the most promising AI technology trends The companies
provide virtual agent technologies are Apple, Amazon, Assist AI, Artificial Solutions, Google,
Creative Virtual, IBM, and Microsoft.
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4. Decision Management

An intelligence machine can introduce rules and logic to AI systems to allow you to use them for
initial setup/training, ongoing maintenance, and tuning.The technology decision management
has already been incorporated into many corporate apps to help and execute the automated
decision, allowing your business to make profits to a large extent.

5. AI-Optimized Hardware

AI is famous for making hardware friendlier. It does so by means of new graphics and central
processing units and processing devices which are specially-designed and structured to do AI-
oriented tasks. And, those who haven’t seen them before must expect the imminent appearance
and wide acceptance of AI-optimized silicon chips which can be inserted into their portable
devices. To get this technology, you must reach Cray, IBM, Google, and Intel.

6. Biometrics

One of the most famous technologies of AI is Biometrics which can very easily identify, measure,
and analyze human behavior and physical aspects of the body’s form and structure.The AI
technology Biometrics makes possible more natural interactions between human beings and
machines, which includes interactions like touch, speech, image, and body language recognition,
and huge within the market research area. To obtain this technology, you must go to
3VR, Agnation, First, Sensory,. All of them are biometrics companies striving for developing this
area.

6.1: Future Scope of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence by machines. In other words, it
is the method by which machines demonstrate certain aspects of human intelligence like
learning, reasoning and self- correction. Since its inception, AI has demonstrated
unprecedented growth. Sophia the AI Robot, is the quintessential example of this. The future of
Artificial intelligence is hazy. But going by the bounds of progress AI has been making, it is clear
AI will permeate every sphere of our life. Listed below are the diverse ways in which AI can
change in the future.
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6.2: Breakthrough in Science

The scope of AI in science is the largest. Recently ‘Eve’ was in the news for discovering that an
ingredient found commonly in toothpaste, is capable of curing Malaria. Here the subject in
appreciation ‘Eve’ is not a human scientist, rather a Robot created by a team of scientists at the
Universities of Manchester, and Cambridge.
Eve’s example hints at the possibility of AI playing a bigger role in science in future, not just
merely for augmentation. AI will be able to create science, not merely do science as evidenced
by the Robot Scientist, Eve. Automation using AI for drug discovery is a field that is rapidly
growing, mainly because machines work faster than humans. AI is also being applied in related
areas such as synthetic biology for the manufacture and rapid design of microorganisms for
industrial uses. Taking all this in stride, AI is sure to transform science as we know it.

6.3: Cyber Security limitations:

Drawbacks and limitations of using AI for cyber security

The benefits outlined above are just a fraction of the potential of AI in helping cyber security,
but there are also limitations which are preventing AI from becoming a mainstream tool used in
the field. In order to build and maintain and AI system, companies would require an immense
amount of resources including memory, data, and computing power. Additionally, because AI
systems are trained through learning data sets, cyber security firms need to get their hands on
many different data sets of malware codes, non-malicious codes, and anomalies. Obtaining all
of these accurate data sets can take a really long time and resources which some companies
cannot afford.

Another drawback is that hackers can also use AI themselves to test their malware and improve
and enhance it to potentially become AI-proof. In fact, an AI-proof malware can be extremely
destructive as they can learn from existing AI tools and develop more advanced attacks to be
able to penetrate traditional cyber security programs or even AI-boosted systems.

Solutions to AI limitations

Knowing these limitations and drawbacks, it’s obvious that AI is a long way from becoming the
only cyber security solution. The best approach in the meantime would be to combine
traditional techniques with AI tools, so organizations should keep these solutions in mind when
developing their cyber security strategy:
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 Employ a cyber-security firm with professionals who have experience and skills in many
different facets of cyber security.

 Have your cyber security team test your systems and networks for any potential gaps and fix
them immediately.

 Use filters for URLs to block malicious links that potentially have a virus or malware.

 Install firewalls and other malware scanners to protect your systems and have these
constantly updated to match redesigned malware.

 Monitor your outgoing traffic and apply exit filters to restrict this type of traffic.

 Constantly review the latest cyber threats and security protocols to get information about
which risks you should be managing first and develop your security protocol accordingly.

 Perform regular audits of both hardware and software to make sure your systems are healthy
and working.

Following these steps can help mitigate many of the risks associated with cyber attacks, but it’s
important to know that your organization is still at risk of an attack. Because of this, prevention
is not enough and you should also work with your cyber security team to develop a recovery
strategy.

As the potential of AI is being explored to boost the cyber security profile of a corporation, it is
also being developed by hackers. Since it is still being developed and its potential is far from
reach, we cannot yet know whether it will one day be helpful or detrimental for cyber security.
In the meantime, it’s important that organizations do as much as they can with a mix of
traditional methods and AI to stay on top of their cyber security strategy.

 The increasing penetration of AI into many aspects of life is altering decision making within
organizations and improving efficiency. At the same time, though, these developments
raise important policy, regulatory, and ethical issues.

 Data Access Problems

 Biases in data and algorithms

 AI ethics and transparency

 Legal liability

 Improving data access

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 Increase government investment in AI

 Promote digital education and workforce development

Artificial intelligence is already altering the world and raising important questions for society,
the economy, and governance. Which are as follows:

 Intelligence

 Adaptability

 APPLICATIONS IN DIVERSE SECTORS

 Finance

 National security

 Health care

 Criminal justice

 Transportation

 Smart cities
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REFERENCES:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/Is-strong-AI-possible

https://medium.com/hackernoon/top-5-trends-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-2019-693f7a5a0f7b

https://medium.com/startup-grind/7-ai-in-demand-technologies-to-rule-in-2019-b5e85221095a

https://becominghuman.ai/10-trends-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-2019-65d8a373b6e6