BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO

5893:2002

Rubber and plastics

test equipment —
Tensile, flexural and
compression types
(constant rate of
traverse) —
Specification

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ICS 83.200

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 BS ISO 5893:2002

National foreword
This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 5893:2002 and implements it
as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 5214-1:1995 which is
withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
PRI/20, Accuracy of rubber and plastics test equipment, which has the
responsibility to:

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

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— present to the responsible international/European committee any

enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the
UK interests informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on

request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international publications referred to
in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled
“International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search”
facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

This British Standard, having Summary of pages

been prepared under the This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page,
direction of the Materials and
Chemicals Sector Policy and
pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.
Strategy Committee, was The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
document was last issued.
Strategy Committee on
7 August 2002

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

© BSI 7 August 2002

ISBN 0 580 40202 9

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 BS ISO 5893:2002

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5893

Third edition
2002-07-01
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Rubber and plastics test equipment —

Tensile, flexural and compression types
(constant rate of traverse) — Specification
Appareils d'essai du caoutchouc et des plastiques — Types pour traction,
flexion et compression (vitesse de translation constante) — Spécifications

Reference number
ISO 5893:2002(E)

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BS ISO 5893:2002

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 BSIS:3985
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Contents Page

Foreword.....................................................................................................................................................................iv
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Designation of machine class ...................................................................................................................... 2
5 Design features.............................................................................................................................................. 2
6 Types of force-measuring system ............................................................................................................... 3
7 Steady-state machine accuracy ................................................................................................................... 3
8 Dynamic machine accuracy ......................................................................................................................... 3
9 Measurement of elongation (deflection) ..................................................................................................... 4
10 Rate of displacement of driven grip ............................................................................................................ 5
11 Machine stiffness........................................................................................................................................... 5
12 Stability ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
13 Certificate of verification............................................................................................................................... 6

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 BS ISOO2002(E)
IS:3985 5893:2002

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 5893 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2,
Testing and analyses.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5893:1993), which has been technically revised.
The modifications mainly concern the steady-state machine accuracy.
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 BS ISO 5893:2002
INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:3985 O2002(E)

Rubber and plastics test equipment — Tensile, flexural and

compression types (constant rate of traverse) — Specification

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements for tensile-testing systems operating at constant rate of traverse
and suitable for testing rubbers, plastics and adhesives, although any one system may only be applicable to a
narrower range of materials. It also covers such systems when used for flexural, shear and compression tests.

2 Normative reference
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The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 7500-1:—1), Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
tensile-testing system
machine composed of a nominally fixed member and a movable member, to which may be attached suitable grips
or jigs for holding a test piece

NOTE The movable member is power-driven and may be equipped with adjustable speed control. The machine has a
force-measuring system complete with indicator and/or recorder. In addition, a system may be included for measuring the
extension or deflection of the test piece.

3.2
applied force
force which produces the distortion in the test piece, measured along the strain axis of the machine

NOTE For the purpose of this definition, “grip” is taken to mean “platen” or other member for application of force to the test
piece when the machine is used for tests other than tensile tests. Depending on the arrangement of the grips of jigs, the test
piece will be in tension, shear, compression or flexure.

3.3
elongation
increase in the gauge length of a tensile test piece when subjected to a tensile force

1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 7500-1:1999)

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3.4
deflection
distortion, in the direction of the applied force, of a test piece in compression, shear or flexure

4 Designation of machine class

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Machines are designated according to their accuracy in measuring the following parameters:

a) force (class 0,5, 1, 2 or 3 as given in ISO 7500-1);

b) elongation or deflection (class A, B, C, D or E as given in Table 1).

For example, a machine of the highest accuracy is designated “Force: class 0,5; Elongation (deflection): class A”.

It is not implied that test machines are available commercially in all the theoretically possible classes.

If, for any application, it is not considered necessary to specify the accuracy of measurement of either of these
parameters, then no class number or letter is quoted.

NOTE Stringent specifications of test machine accuracy are of little value unless testing technique is closely controlled.
Correlation of test data from different laboratories depends as much upon testing techniques as on machine specifications.
Operator errors, test piece installation technique and test piece variability are major sources of error.

Care shall be taken to avoid exposure of the machine to draughts or to radiant heat.

5 Design features

5.1 Size and construction

The size and construction shall be such that the machine is capable of testing all materials for which it is intended
to be used and has no features which may adversely affect the test results.

The moving grip shall be capable of traversing a distance sufficient to accommodate the maximum elongation of
the test piece. In the case of the more highly extensible materials, a traverse distance in excess of 1 m may be
necessary.

5.2 Axial alignment of the machine

The coupling between the force-measuring system and the test piece grips or jigs shall be accurately aligned with
the strain axis. When fitted in place, the test piece shall also be accurately aligned with the strain axis, and the test
axis of the test piece shall coincide with the direction of the applied force.

NOTE Non-axial alignment of a test piece in the grips and lack of test piece symmetry are particularly important causes of
variation in test results.

5.3 Test piece grips

For testing dumb-bell, parallel-strip and similar tensile test pieces of flexible materials, the machine shall be
provided with a type of grip which closes automatically as the tension increases (e.g. wedge or pneumatic) and
which exerts a uniform pressure across the whole width of the test piece. For rigid materials, screw-action grips are
also suitable. The test piece shall be held in such a manner that slippage relative to the grips is prevented as far as
possible.

For testing ring test pieces, the machine shall be provided with two pulleys, both of which are free to rotate; one at
least being automatically rotated by the machine at between 3 rpm and 50 rpm to equalize the strain in the ring
during the test. The pulleys shall be 25 mm in diameter for large rings (44,6 mm ID) and 4,5 mm in diameter for
small rings (8,0 mm ID).

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For testing adhesion in the peel mode, the machine shall be provided either with the grips described in the relevant
test method or with grips which exert a uniform pressure across the whole width of the test piece.

The test piece shall be held in such a manner that slip relative to the grips is prevented. When an adhesion test
piece is made from different adherends, then grips of a different design may be required for each adherend.

5.4 Drive characteristics

The moving crosshead of the machine shall be driven smoothly at all test speeds, and the drive shall be without
any significant backlash.

5.5 Jigs for use in compression, shear and flexure testing

Such jigs or fixtures shall conform with the requirements of the relevant method of test or material specification.
They shall not significantly affect the accuracy of the machine by the introduction of friction, backlash or
misalignment.

6 Types of force-measuring system

In all cases, a continuous indication of the force applied to the test piece, preferably recorded automatically with a
permanent indication of the maximum force, shall be provided.

Machines with low-inertia force-measuring systems are preferred.

NOTE Pendulum-type machines may have levels of friction and inertia which will significantly affect their dynamic response
and decrease their accuracy.

7 Steady-state machine accuracy

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For each force scale, an accuracy class of 0,5, 1, 2 or 3 is specified (see clause 4). The designation of each scale
of a machine depends upon the values of relative errors of accuracy, repeatability and reversibility found when the
machine is verified in accordance with ISO 7500-1.

When separate scales for use in compression or other modes of operation are provided, these shall be verified
separately.

8 Dynamic machine accuracy

Tensile-testing machines fitted with electronic force-measuring devices may be regarded as sufficiently free of
inertia at the test speeds given in clause 10. This does not necessarily apply to the electronic recorders normally
used with them, and in many cases the dynamic inaccuracy of these recorders considerably exceeds their steady-
state inaccuracy.

All electromechanical recorders suffer from dynamic errors which are usually made up of acceleration errors,
stemming from the inertia of the device, and pen-lag errors due to mechanical and electrostatic friction effects.
Measurement of dynamic recorder accuracy is best achieved by recording the error-signal level during the test.
This can be done without affecting instrument performance, but it is usually technically difficult. It is therefore not
considered practicable at present to specify limits and a calibration procedure for dynamic accuracy in this
International Standard. Consequently, the user is advised to obtain from the test-machine manufacturer dynamic-
accuracy figures for the recorder with which he/she can calculate the probable measurement error, and assess
whether or not it is significant. In cases where it is, either the test speed can be reduced, or the full-scale reading of
the output device can be increased, in order to reduce the acceleration and velocity levels.

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As a guide to recorder requirements, the response time for full-scale travel should be considerably less than the
rise time of the force, if the dynamic errors are to be comparable with the steady force with the steady-state
inaccuracy. It is recommended therefore that the maximum demanded pen velocity vD should be less than the
maximum possible pen velocity vmax by a factor dependent on the machine class as follows:

v
v D u max for class 0,5 and 1 machines
10

v
v D u max for class 2 and 3 machines
5

If only the recorder response time T is known, then vmax may be calculated approximately from the following
equation:

R
v max =
T

where R is the full-scale deflection of the recorder.

If the above recommendations are not followed, the user is advised to obtain details of recorder errors arising from
dynamic operation from the manufacturer.

9 Measurement of elongation (deflection)

The elongation (deflection) of rubber and plastics test pieces may be measured by methods of test utilizing

a) grip separation;

b) extensometers attached to the test piece;

c) optical or other remote (non-attached) extensometers.

When elongation is measured, a continuous indication of the elongation (deflection), preferably recorded
autographically in the form of a force/elongation (deflection) curve, and a permanent indication of the maximum
elongation (deflection) shall be given.

For some purposes, particularly the elongation of ring test pieces and for tests in flexure, shear or compression, the
measurement of grip separation is the most convenient method. In such cases, it is essential that there be no play
in the elongation (deflection) measuring system, nor any slippage between the grips and the test piece, which will
significantly affect the accuracy of the test results.

When an extensometer attached to the test piece is used, there shall be no sign of distortion or damage to the test
piece, nor any slippage between the extensometer grips and the test piece, which would significantly affect the test
results.

When extensometer accuracy is specified, five classes, A, B, C, D and E, are recognized. The grading of each
range of each measuring device depends on the maximum error when the extensometer is verified.

The values in Table 1 for error are given in percent of scale reading. The manufacturer shall state the lowest
elongation at which the specified accuracy can be achieved. For all classes, the gauge length shall be as specified
in the relevant method of test or material specification; the gauge length shall be accurate to within ± 1 %. The
method of verification shall be in accordance with national standards, subject to the verification device being within
the accuracy limit given in Table 1.

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Table 1 — Accuracy classes for elongation (deflection) measurement

Maximum elongation Maximum permissible Accuracy of verification

Class (deflection) ∆L on given error device
gauge length L
% %

5 % on 25 mm
A ±2 ± 0,5
(∆L = 1,25 mm)
10 % on 25 mm
B ±2 ± 0,5
(∆L = 2,5 mm)
50 % on 25 mm
C ±2 ± 0,5
(∆L = 12,5 mm)
1 200 % on 20 mm
D ±2 ± 0,5
(∆L = 240 mm)
1 200 % on 10 mm
E ±2 ± 0,5
(∆L = 120 mm)

10 Rate of displacement of driven grip

The test machine will be power-driven, and shall be capable of being set at one or more of the following rates of
displacement of the driven grip:

1 mm/min ± 0,2 mm/min 50 mm/min ± 5 mm/min

2 mm/min ± 0,4 mm/min 100 mm/min ± 10 mm/min
5 mm/min ± 1 mm/min 200 mm/min ± 20 mm/min
10 mm/min ± 2 mm/min 250 mm/min ± 25 mm/min
20 mm/min ± 2,5 mm/min 500 mm/min ± 50 mm/min
25 mm/min ± 2,5 mm/min

After setting, the rate shall not vary during the course of any test or series of tests by more than ± 5 % of the mean
rate and shall remain within the limits imposed in the above list.

Verification of the accuracy of the rate of displacement of the driven grip shall be done whilst increasing the load
uniformly from zero to some specified maximum within the machine force range. Unless otherwise stated, this
maximum shall be the normal maximum force capacity of the machine. Verification can be carried out by obtaining
a displacement/time recording. To make a realistic assessment of the rate of displacement of the driven grip, the
displacement of the driven grip during the verification test shall be at least 10 mm and the duration of the
verification test shall be at least 1,0 min.

The rates of displacement listed are those more generally in use. However, it should be noted that particular
specifications may require rates (e.g. between 0,1 mm/min and 1 000 mm/min) and tolerances other than the
above.

11 Machine stiffness
Machine stiffness (also referred to as hardness) is the ratio between the force and the deflection of the test system.
This includes the frame of the machine, the strain-application mechanism, the force-measuring device and the
grips and attachments by which the test piece is held.

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For a “soft” machine, such as the pendulum type, the rate of traverse of the driven element is not necessarily the
same as the rate of separation of the grips. Consequently, the uncorrected crosshead movement cannot be used
as a measure of test piece deflection. Preference should therefore be given to a machine which is stiff in
comparison to the test piece so that the speeds of grip separation, and, if required, their accuracy of measurement,
are in accordance with the requirements in clause 10 and clause 9, respectively.

12 Stability
The long-term stability of electronic test machines is influenced by a number of factors, the most important of which
are temperature, mechanical hysteresis in the force-sensing element, sensitivity to mains supply voltage fluctuation
and change in electronic component value.

The manufacturer shall therefore state in his specification, and in any instruction manual, such of the following
requirements as may be necessary to maintain the stated accuracy of the machine:

a) the temperature range over which the machine accuracy is guaranteed;

b) the variation of supply voltage over which the machine accuracy is guaranteed;

c) the frequency at which is it necessary to adjust any manual control, e.g. for zero or span.

13 Certificate of verification
When a test machine has been verified in accordance with this International Standard, the verifying authority shall
issue a certificate stating the following:

a) the identity of the machine and the date of verification;

b) the range certified and the class of each force or extension scale;

c) the method of verification used and the identity of any calibration devices employed;

d) the ambient temperature at the time of verification;

e) the accuracy of the rate setting;

f) the number of this International Standard, i.e. ISO 5893.

The test machine shall be re-verified periodically to ensure that it continues to meet the class(es) designated from
this International Standard. The frequency of re-verification depends on the type of machine, the standard of
maintenance, and the amount of usage. Normally, it is recommended that re-verification be carried out at intervals
not exceeding 12 months. However, a machine shall be re-verified if it is moved to a new location or if it is
subjected to major repairs or adjustments.

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 BS ISO
5893:2002
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