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    Rain Alarm Investigatory Project

    Uploaded by

    Sakshi Dutta
    This document describes the design and working of a rain alarm. The rain alarm uses a rain sensor circuit to detect rain and trigger an alarm. When rain droplets make contact with the sensor probes, a circuit is completed which causes a transistor to conduct. This allows current to flow through a speaker, making it vibrate and produce an audible alarm tone. The alarm is intended to alert users when rain begins so they can bring in items that were drying outside. The summary describes the key components, working principle, and applications of the rain alarm system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Rain Alarm Investigatory Project

    Uploaded by

    Sakshi Dutta
    5K views16 pages
    This document describes the design and working of a rain alarm. The rain alarm uses a rain sensor circuit to detect rain and trigger an alarm. When rain droplets make contact with the sensor probes, a circuit is completed which causes a transistor to conduct. This allows current to flow through a speaker, making it vibrate and produce an audible alarm tone. The alarm is intended to alert users when rain begins so they can bring in items that were drying outside. The summary describes the key components, working principle, and applications of the rain alarm system.

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    Physics class 12

    Original Title

    Rain alarm investigatory project

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    This document describes the design and working of a rain alarm. The rain alarm uses a rain sensor circuit to detect rain and trigger an alarm. When rain droplets make contact with the sensor probes, a circuit is completed which causes a transistor to conduct. This allows current to flow through a speaker, making it vibrate and produce an audible alarm tone. The alarm is intended to alert users when rain begins so they can bring in items that were drying outside. The summary describes the key components, working principle, and applications of the rain alarm system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5K views16 pages

    Rain Alarm Investigatory Project

    Uploaded by

    Sakshi Dutta
    This document describes the design and working of a rain alarm. The rain alarm uses a rain sensor circuit to detect rain and trigger an alarm. When rain droplets make contact with the sensor probes, a circuit is completed which causes a transistor to conduct. This allows current to flow through a speaker, making it vibrate and produce an audible alarm tone. The alarm is intended to alert users when rain begins so they can bring in items that were drying outside. The summary describes the key components, working principle, and applications of the rain alarm system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 16

    RAIN ALARM

    Akhil G Kurup
    XII-A
    29
    EXAMINATION NO.___________________
    This is to certify that Master
    ____________________________
    has satisfactorily carried out the
    required practical work in Physics and
    that the Journal represents his bonafied
    work during the year 2017-2018

    Date: ________________

    Staff Member incharge of the batch _______________________


    Signature of the Principal

    Rubber Stamp of the School/College _______________________


    Signature of the External
    Examiner
    Acknowledgement
    I have taken efforts in this project.
    However it would not have been without
    the kind support and help of many
    individuals and organisations. I would
    like to extend my sincere thanks to all of
    them.

    I would like to express my gratitude to


    my principal Mrs. Jayashree Khandekar
    and my physics teacher Mrs. Manjiri
    whose valuable guidance has helped me
    patch this project and make it full proof
    success. Her suggestions and
    instructions have served as the major
    contributor towards the completion of
    the project.

    Then I would like to thank my parents


    and friends who have helped me with
    their valuable suggestions and guidance
    which has been helpful in various phases
    of completion of the project.
    Index:

    ✓ Introduction

    ✓ Aim

    ✓ Components Required

    ✓ Working

    ✓ Conclusion

    ✓ Application

    ✓ Bibliography
    INTRODUCTION
    Mankind has always harnessed the elements of
    nature for different purposes. Water for irrigation
    and Electricity generation (Hydro Electric Power),
    wind for wind mill used for many applications
    ranging from turning turbines that generate
    electricity, to quarry for crushing stones, sun for
    drying, heating and cooking especially when
    brought to focus. From time immemorial humans
    used the sun to dry many things, a process known
    as sun drying. Sun drying is carried out in the farm,
    home, industry, laboratory, hospitals and other
    institution for a number of reasons. These reasons
    range from totally driving out water molecules
    from the things being dried, outright drying, like
    clothes, some farm produce, during building work,
    and in sculpture to exposing certain electronic
    materials/components directly to the sun so that
    the ultra-violet rays from the sun can cause some
    changes in the component, and in
    pharmaceutical/chemical industries where certain
    plants used for pharmaceutical purpose/chemicals
    are exposed to direct sunlight for a little while to
    cause some chemical changes in them and even at
    home sometimes when we open our windows to
    allow the sun rays to fall into our room to eliminate
    dampness and allows for proper aeration. When
    rain falls, it will cause a setback to all the reasons
    for sun-drying enumerated above, especially when
    the materials being sun dried are not retrieved
    quickly. Thus, designing and constructing a device
    which gives one a heads-up the instant it starts to
    rain hopefully giving you time to retrieve the
    materials being sun dried, close your window, and
    bring in possession is not only apropos but also
    absolutely imperative. Also, since it can rain at any
    time without any warning, clothes in a clothes line
    outside the house that are almost dry may get wet
    if we do not realise it is raining on time.
    Thus, this project will also help house wives and
    other users to be quickly alerted to avoid rain from
    wetting shirts/dresses being sun dried at the
    clothes line outside the house. Rain water detector
    is used in the irrigation field, home automation,
    communication, automobiles etc.
    AIM
    To prepare a working model of
    rain alarm and study the principle
    and working of the rain alarm
    Components Required
    ➢ Resistor
    ➢ n-p-n transistor
    ➢ p-n-p transistor
    ➢ Speaker
    ➢ Battery
    ➢ Switch
    ➢ Rain sensors
    PRINCIPLE
    It’s based on the air pressure
    measurement of the environment.
    Before it starts to rain, pressure
    dramatically drops. There are many
    common moisture & water detectors
    readily available. They work like this:
    2 conductors are placed close
    together but aren’t touching. When
    water contacts the conductors, the
    circuit is completed, and whatever is
    designed to happen next, happens. It
    could be an alarm, light or a signal to
    an overall supervisory system such
    as in a factory basement or tunnel.
    Working
    Water is a conductor of electricity. When
    water is in contact with the probe then there
    is a flow of current toward the base of NPN
    transistor, which conducts. With the
    conduction of NPN transistor, electron
    reaches to Q2, which is a PNP transistor.
    PNP transistor also conducts and current
    flows through the speaker. In a speaker there
    is inductive coil which cause motion in one
    direction after that produces induce current
    which is in opposite direction to the flow of
    current. This induced current in the form of
    pulse, flows through a capacitor, resistance
    and makes NPN transistor off for an inter-
    well and after that it relaxes to previous
    state. This process repeats again and again
    till probe is in contact with water and
    oscillations are created in the circuit.
    Speaker diaphragm vibrates and gives a tone.
    Frequency of the circuit depends on the
    value of Coil Impendence, Capacitor and
    Resistance value.
    CONCLUSION
    The rain water detector-alarm system will be
    useful in both domestic and industrial
    applications. It alerts the users of the
    presence of rain when it is just about to rain
    as even the minutest droplets of water
    triggers it ‘ON’ thereby giving the user ample
    time to retrieve possessions, shut windows
    and in some cases prepare to harvest rain
    water. The device when properly placed to
    receive the first set of droplets of rain water
    can save the user from damaging
    possessions that were being
    sundried/prevent rain from entering homes,
    offices and silos to mention but a few.
    APPLICATIONS
    • In the irrigation, it will detect the rain
    and immediately alert the farmer.
    • In automobiles, when the rain detector
    detects the rain it will immediately
    activate the wipers.
    • In communications, it will boost the
    power of the antenna and increase the
    signal strength to send or receive the
    signals.
    • In normal household, with the help of rain
    water detectors, we can automatically
    save the rain water
    • This can also be used if there is a
    chemical rain also. This is very common
    in industrial areas.
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    ❖ Wikipedia.co.in
    ❖ Yahoo.co.in
    ❖ Book of electronics

    TEACHERS REMARKS
    Thank You
    PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

    Name - Sagnik Chakraborty


    Class – XI – D
    Roll no - 16

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