AMCA 204-96 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approved by ANSI January 28, 1998 Balance Quality and Vibration Levels for FansANSI/AMCA STANDARD 204-96 BALANCE QUALITY AND VIBRATION LEVELS FOR FANS a 5 i Air Movement and Control Association, International Inc. 30 West University Drive Arlington Heights, Illinois 60004-1893, U.S.A.u ANSVAMCA 204-96 Authority AMCA Standard 204-95 was adopted by the membership of the Air Movement and Control Associati International, Inc. on July 17, 1996. Foreword This standard addresses the need of both the users and the manufacturers of fan equipment for a technically accurate but uncomplicated information set on the subjects of fan balance prec jon and vibration levels, ‘The data presented herein is referenced to applicable national and international standards and is in harmony with these standards. Information from the standards is supplemented by years of experience on the part of committee members and other contributors from the industry. Balance/Vibration Standard Draft Committee Les Gutzwiller, Chairman (1994-_) Robinson Industries, Inc. Ajayi Akinkuotu, Chairman (1992-1994) Barry Blower, Snyder General Corporation Brian Frederick ‘Acme Engineering & Manufacturing Corp. Tim Kuski Greenheck Fan Corporation Brad Binning Governair Keith White IAP, Ine. Bill Howarth, Jr. Ilinois Blower, Inc. John Cermak Lau Division of Tomkins Industries, Inc, Ray Sexton Matthews & Yates/MY International Scott Phillips The New York Blower Company Charles Voss Phelps Fan Manufacturing Co., Inc. Robert Lanier Phelps Fan Manufacturing Co., Inc. Steve Back TLT-Babeock, Inc. Dick Williamson ‘Twin City Fan & Blower James Lundblad York International Corporation Paul R. Saxon AMCA Staff Disclaimer AMCA uses its best efforts to produce standards for the benefit of the industry and the public in light of available information and accepted industry practices. However, AMCA does not guarantee, certify or assure the safety or performance of any products, components or systems tested, designed, installed or operated in accordance with AMCA standards or that any tests conducted under its standards will be non-hazardous or free from risk. Objections to AMCA Standards and Certi fion Programs Air Movement and Control Association Intemational, Inc. will consider and decide all written complaints regarding its standards, certification programs, or interpretations thereof. For information on procedures for submitting and handling complaints, write to: Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc. 30 West University Drive Arlington Heights, Illinois 60004-1893 U.S.A.c CONTENTS 1, INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE 1.2 SCOPE . 2. REFERENCES ... 2.1 TERMINOLOGY 2.2 BALANCE QUALITY 2.3 VIBRATION 2.4 MOTORS ... 2'5 PULLEYS AND SHEAVES 2.6 COUPLINGS 3. DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS .. 4, BALANCE AND VIBRATION APPLICATION CATEGORIES «.......22.2++ 4 5. BALANCING . 5.1 BALANCE QUALITY GRADE 52 CALCULATION OF PERMISSIBLE RESIDUAL UNBALANCE 6. FAN VIBRATION . 6.1. MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS 6.2 FAN SUPPORT SYSTEM ..... 6.3 FAN VIBRATION LIMITS FOR TESTS IN MANUFACTURERS SHOP 6.4 FAN VIBRATION LIMITS FOR OPERATION IN-SITU ...... 7. OTHER ROTATING COMPONENTS ... mr 8, INSTRUMENTS AND CALIBRATION . 8.1 INSTRUMENTS . 8.2 CALIBRATION .... 12 9. DOCUMENTATION ..... 9.1 BALANCE ... 9.2 FAN VIBRATION . APPENDIX A. CONVERSION CHART .. 13 APPENDIX B RELATIONSHIPS OF VIBRATION DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION FOR SINUSOIDAL MOTION «....-..e0ccscssesressesteesseeseeees 14 APPENDIX C PERMISSIBLE RESIDUAL UNBALANCE (INFORMATIVE) ......2..00000000000000e0000017ST ANSI/AMCA 204-96 BALANCE QUALITY AND VIBRATION LEVELS FOR FANS 1, INTRODUCTION This standard addresses the subjects of fan balance and vibration. It is part of a series of standards and publications covering important aspects of fans which affect their design, manufacture and use, as follows: AMCA Publication 99 Standards Handbook, Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL 60004 U.S.A. AMCA Publication 200 Air Systems, Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL 60004 U.S.A. Publication 201 Fans and Systems, Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL 60004 U.S.A. AMCA Publication 202 Troubleshooting, Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL 60004 U.S.A. AMCA Publication 203 Field Performance Measure- ‘ment of Fan Systems, Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL. 60004 U.S.A. ANSVAMCA Standard 210 Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Aerodynamic Performance Rating, Ait Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL 60004 U.S.A. AMCA Publication 211 Certified Ratings Program - Air Performance, Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL 60004 U.S.A. AMCA Standard 300 Reverberant Room Method of Sound Testing of Fans, Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL. 60004 U.S.A. AMCA Publication 311 Certified Sound Ratings Program for Air Moving Devices, Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL 60004 U.S.A. AMCA Publ 801 Industrial Process/Power Generation Fans: Specification Guidelines, Air Move- ment and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL 60004 U.S.A. AMCA Publication 802 Industrial Process/Power Generation Fans: Establishing Performance Using Laboratory Models, Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL. 60004 U.S.A. AMCA Standard 803 Industrial Process/Power Generation Fans: Site Performance Test Standard, Ait Movement and Control Association International, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL 60004 U. Vibration is recognized to be an important parameter regarding the mechanical operation of fans. Other standards exist which deal with vibration of machines in general. This standard considers fans only. 1.1 PURPOSE \ The purpose of this standard is to define appropriate fan balance quality and operating vibration levels to those who specify, manufacture, use, and maintain fan equipment. 1.2 SCOPE \This standard covers fan equipment with rigid rotors, ‘generally found in: commercial heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; industrial process; mine/tunnel ventilation, and power generation applications. Other applications are not specifically excluded, Excluded are installations that involve severe forces, impacts, and extreme temperature. Any or all portions of this, standard, or modifications thereof, are subject to agreement between the concerned parties. \Fan equipment foundations and installation practices are beyond the scope of this standard. Foundation design and fan instalation are not normally the responsibilities of the fan manufacturer. It is fully expected that the foundation upon which the fan is mounted will provide the support and stability necessary to meet the vibration criteria of the fan as itis delivered from the factory. | Other factors such as impeller cleanliness, aerodynamic conditions, background vibration, operation at speeds other than those agreed upon, and maintenance of the fan, affect the fan vibration levels but are beyond the scope of this standard. For these reasons, the standard is not intended to be used for specification purposes, nor is it reasonable to make this standard enforceable by co%ANSU/AMCA 204-96 This standard is intended to cover only the balance or vibration of the fan and does not take into account the effect of fan vibration on personnel, equipment or processes. . REFERENCES 2.1 TERMINOLOGY [1] ANSI S2.7-1982 (R1986) Balancing Terminology, ‘American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10035, U.S.A, ISO 1925:1990 -Mechanical Vibration - Balancing Vocabulary, International Organization for Standardization, 1 Rue de Varembe, Case Oistake 56, Ch-1211, Geneve 20, Switzerland. 2.2 BALANCE QUALITY ANSI S2.19-1989, Balance Quality of Rigid Rotating Bodies (ISO 1940), American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10035, U.S.A. 2.3 VIBRATION ANSI S2.41-1985 (1990), Mechanical Vibration of Large Rotating Machines with Speed Range from 10 to 200 Rev/s - Measurement and Evaluation of Vibration Severity in Situ (ISO 3945). American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10035, U.S.A. 2.4 MOTORS NEMA MG 1-193, Part 7: Mechanical Vibration - Measurement, Evaluation and Limits. — National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th St., Rosslyln, VA 22209, U.S.A. TEC Publication 34-14:1988, Rotating Electrical ‘Machines. Internatinal Electrotechnical Commission, | Rue de Varembe, Geneve, Switzerland. 2.5 PULLEYS AND SHEAVES ISO 254:1981, Belt Drives - Pulleys - Quality, Finish and Balance. International Organization for Standardization, 1 Rue de Varembe, Case Oistake 56, Ch-1211, Geneve 20, Switzerland. 2.6 COUPLINGS Refer to ANSIAGMA 9000-C90 Flexible Couplings - Potential Unbalance Classifications, American Gear ee _ Manufacturers Association, 1500 King St., Alexandria, VA 22314, US.A., for residual unbalance requirements for couplings. 3. DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS AXIS OF ROTATION: rotates. Line about which @ body -»BALANCING: The process of adding (or removing) ‘mass in a plane or planes on a rotor in order to move the center of gravity towards the axis of rotation. This will reduce the unbalance forces. -»BALANCE QUALITY GRADE: Recommended limits for residual unbalance of rotors based upon the intended application. (Note: Commonly used grades in reference document ANSI S2.19 refer to the vibration that would result if that rotor operated in free space, i.e., balance grade G6.3 corresponds to a shait vibration of 6.3 mm/s, peak velocity, atthe operating speed of the rotor). The values represent the product of the unbalance times the angular velocity divided by the rotor weight. DISPLACEMENT: A value representing the distance (and direction) that a body moves away from a stationary ‘or neutral position. ELECTRICAL RUN-OUT: Total measured variation in the apparant location of a ferrous shaft surface during complete slow rotation as determined by eddy current probe system. This measurement may be affected by variations in the electrical/magnetic properties of the shaft material as well as variations in the shaft surface itself. FAN APPLICATION CATEGORY: Descriptive grouping used to describe fan applications, their appropriate Balance Quality Grades and Recommended Vibration Levels FAN ASSEMBLY: In most applications the fan assembly will include those items typically packaged together as a “complete fan.” These items include: rotor, belts, housing, motor, sheaves and mounting, base/structure, In the case of large fan rotors (impellers) for applications such as cooling towers, the fan assembly is typically considered to consist of the fan rotor. FAN ROTOR (Impeller): In most applications the fan rotor (impeller) will be considered to consist of the impeller only or the impeller and shaft when the shaft is ‘an integral part of the rotor. FAN VIBRATION LEVEL: The fan vibration levelrefers to the vibration amplitude at the fan bearings expressed in units of displacement or velocity. y FILTER: A device used to separate vibration on the basis ofits frequency. Vibration meters normally have adjustable filters to allow measurements at a frequency of interest. © FILTER-IN; SHARP: Vibration measured only at a frequency of interest. FILTER-OUT; BROAD PASS: Vibr a wide frequency range. “overall” vibration. ‘measures ‘This is sometimes called » FLEXIBLE SUPPORT: A fan support system designed so that the first natural frequency of the support is well below the operating speed of the fan. (Often this involves compliant elastic elements between the fan and the supporting structure). "This condition is achieved by suspending the machine on a spring or by mounting on ‘an elastic support (springs, rubber, etc.). The natural oscillation frequencies of the suspension and machine is typically less than 25 percent of the frequency corresponding to the lowest speed of the machine under test, - NEMA MG 1-1993, REV 1, Part 7, Section 7.06.1" “FOUNDATION: Refers to the component to which the fan is mounted which provides the necessary support. Fan foundations must have sufficient rigidity to avoid vibration amplification. FREQUENCY: In cyclical motion, the number of cycles that occur per second (Hz) or cycles occurring per minute (CPM). IN-SITU: Refers to operation at the final installation site. MECHANICAL RUN-OUT: Total actual variation in the location of a shaft surface during a complete slow rotation as determined by a stationary measuring device (such as a dial indicator). JOURNAL: The part of a rotor which is in contact with or supported by a bearing in which it revolves. [ISO 1925:1990] MILS: Units of displacement. One mil equals one- thousandth of an inch. (1 mil = 0.001 inch) OVERALL FAN VIBRATION: See Filter-Out, PEAK: A peak displacement, velocity or acceleration reading refers to value occurring at the maximum deviation from zero, or the stationary value. See Figure ANSU/AMCA 204-96 3-1. (See also: "RMS") PEAK-TO-PEAK (pk-pk) DISPLACEMENT: Peak to peak amplitudes refer to the total range traveled in one eyele. Peak to peak readings apply to displacement readings only. See Figure 3-1 RESIDUAL UNBALANCE: Unbalance of any kind that remains after balancing. [1] RIGID SUPPORT: A fan support system designed so that the first natural frequency of the system is well above the operating speed of the fan. "Note: The rigidity of a foundation is a relative quantity. It must be considered in conjunction with the rigidity of the machine bearing system. The ratio of bearing housing vibration to foundation vibration is a characteristic quar tity for the evaluation of foundation flexit fluences. A foundation may be considered massiv: vibration amplitude of the foundation (in any direction) near the machine's percent of the maximum amplitude that is measured at the adjacent bearing housing in any direction. - NEMA MGI1-1993, REV. 1, Part 7, Section 7.06.2, Page 2.” RIGID ROTOR: A rotor is considered to be rigid when its unbalance can be corrected in any two (arb selected) planes. After the correction, its residual un- balance does not change significantly (relative to the shaft axis) at any speed up to the maximum service speed and when running under conditions which are approxi- ‘mately close to those of the fan supporting system. [1] RMS: The root mean square value. For true sinusoidal ‘motion the RMS value = .707 times peak value. ROTOR: A body, capable of rotation, generally with journals which are supported by bearings. [1] SPEED, BALANCING: Rotational speed, expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM), at which a rotor is balanced. [1] SPEED, DESIGN: The maximum rotational speed, ‘measured in revolutions per minute (RPM), for which the fan is designed to operate. SPEED, SERVICE: Rotational speed, measured in revolutions per minute (RPM), at which a rotor operates in its final installation or environment. [1] TRIAXIAL SET: The orientations of the vibration transducer for vibration amplitude measurements. A tri- axialset refers to a set of three readings taken in three mutually perpendicular (normally horizontal, vertical and axial) directions.ANSI/AMCA 204-96 Displacement 2 | period (Amount of Time to Complete One Cycle) Peak Velocity (When Displacement=0) Peak—To-Peak Displacement Peak Acceleration (When Displace— ment is at Peak) Figure 3-1 TRIM BALANCE: The balance process that makes minor correction in unbalance which may become necessary as a result of the fan assembly and/or in- stallation process. UNBALANCE: A condition of a rotor in which its rotation results in centrifugal forces being applied to the rotors supporting bearings. Unbalance is usually mea- sured by the product of the mass of the rotor times the distance between its center of gravity and its center of rotation in a plane. VELOCITY: In cyclic motion, the time rate of change in displacement. VIBRATION: The altemating mechanical motion of an clastic system, components of which are amplitude, frequency and phase. In general practice vibration values are reported as: © displacement - peak to peak (mils or mm) © velocity - peak (in./s or mm/s) © acceleration - peak (2's). VIBRATION SPECTRUM: A graphical representa- tion of vibration amplitude vs. frequency. VIBRATION TRANSDUCER: A device designed to bbe attached to a mechanical system for measurement of vibration. It converts the vibratory energy into a pro- portional electronic signal that can be displayed or otherwise processed. 4. BALANCE AND VIBRATION APPLICATION CATEGORIES ‘The design/structure of a fan and its intended application are important criteria for categorizing the many types of fans in terms of applicable and meaningful balance grades and vibration levels. Table 4-1 has been compiled to provide categories i which fans may be placed for the purpose of clas the type of appl and vibration limits. to fying mn with respect to acceptable balance ‘The fan manufacturer will typically identify the ap- propriate fan application category, based on the type of equipment and power requirement. The purchaser of a complete fan assembly may be interested in one or more of the following: the balance grade (Table 5-1), bration in the factory (Table 6-3), vibration in-situ (Table 6-5). Typically, one BV category will apply to all, the considerations. However, a purchaser may request a BY category different from the one listed for the ap- plication. Some may desire a higher level of balancing and/or lower vibration level than is typical for the ion. In most cases the BV category, the balance ‘grade and all acceptable vibration limits must be agreed upon as part of the contract for the fan equipment. In the event that no such agreement exists, fans pur- chased to meet this standard shall meet the Table 6-3 vibration limits (assembled fans) or the Table 5-1 residual unbalance requirements (disassembled fans)..‘The purchaser may contract for a particular mounting arrangement to be used for factory testing of an as- sembled fan in order to match the planned in-situ mount- ing. If no pre-arrangement exists, the fan may be ‘mounted either rigidly or flexibly for the test, regardless of the planned in-situ mounting. 5. BALANCING The fan manufacturer is responsible for balancing the fan impeller assembly to acceptable commercial standards. This standard is based on ANSI S 2.19 (ISO 1940). Table 4-1 Fan Appli a ANSI/AMCA 204-96 Balancing is generally performed on highly sensitive, purpose-built, balancing machines which permit accurate assessment of residual unbalance. 5.1 BALANCE QUALITY GRADE ‘The following balance quality grades apply to fan impellers. A fan manufacturer may include other ro- tating components (shaft, coupling, sheave/pulley, etc.) in the rotating assembly being balanced. In addition, balance of individual components may be required. See references in Sections 2.5 and 2.6 for balance require- ments for couplings and pulleys. yn Categories DRIVER FAN APPLICATION EXAMPLES, POWER APPLICATION kW (HP) CATEGORY, LIMITS BY RESIDENTIAL Ceiling fans, attic fans, <= 150.2) BV-1 dow AC > 15(02) BV-2 HVAC & AGRICULTURAL Building ventilation and 7 (5.0) Bv-2 conditioning; commercial > 3.76.0) BV-3 systems INDUSTRIAL PROCESS & Baghouse, scrubber, mine, <= 298 (400) By-3 POWER GENERATION, ETC. | conveying, boilers, combus- > 298 (400) BY-4 tion air, pollution control, wind tunnels TRANSPORTATION & Locomotives, trucks, <= 1520) BV-3 MARINE, automobiles > 1520) By-4 ‘TRANSIT/TUNNEL ‘Subway emergency 75 (100) By-3 ventilation, tunnel fans, > 75,100) BY-4 garage ventilation, ANY BV-4 Tunnel Jet Fans PETROCHEMICAL PROCESS | Hazardous gases, process <= 37(50) By-3 fans. > 3750) By-4 COMPUTER CHIP Clean room ANY Bv-5 MANUFACTUREANSI/AMCA 204-96 Table 5-1 FAN APPLICATION | _ BALANCE QUALITY GRADE CATEGORY FOR RIGID ROTORS/IMPELLER BY-1* Gis BY-2 Gi6 BY-3 G63 BY-4 G25 BY-5 G10 “Note: In FAN APPLICATION CATEGORY BV-I there may be some extremely small fan rotors weighing less than 27 grams (8 ounces). In such cases, residual unbalance may be process must ensure reasonably equal weight distribution about the ax 5.2 CALCULATION OF PERMISSIBLE RESIDUAL UNBALANCE. G grades as given in Table 5-1 are balance quality grades and are derived from the product of the relationshi , expressed in mm/s, where ee is the perm residual specific unbalance, and w is the angular velocity of the impeller. SI UNITS (G/a)E-03, Specific unbalance, wm or g mmi/kg Ups = Me p= (9.55 G x MIN)E-03 = permissible residual unbalance (moment), g mm @ = 2x Ni60, rad/s ‘tor service speed, rpm fotor mass, kg, L-P UNITS. GI25.4 w) Specific unbalance, in. or Ibs in.Ib. W eq = (0.376 G WIN) for U in Ibs in., oF (6.02.6 WIN) for U in oz jin. = permissible residual unbalance (moment), Ibs o 2m N/60, rad/s N= rotor service speed, rpm W = rotor weight, Ibs. In most applications, the permissible residual unbalance in each of two correction planes can be set at U,q/2. ‘Whenever possible, the fan impeller should be mounted fon the shaft that will be used in operation. If a mandrel ifficult to determine accurately. The fabrication of rotation. is used, care should be taken to avoid eccentricity due to a loose hub-to-mandrel fit. Refer to Appendix C. Measurement of the residual unbalance shall be made in accordance with Section 8 of ANSI S2.19. 6. FAN VIBRATION 6.1 MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS, Figures 6-1 through 6-4 illustrate some of the possible locations and directions for taking vibration readings on each fan bearing. The values shown in Table 6-3 are based on readings taken perpendicular to the axis of rotation, The number and location of the readings to be taken during shop or in-situ operation is atthe discretion of the fan manufacturer or by agreement with the pur- chaser. It is recommended that measurements be taken ‘on the impeller shaft bearings. Where this is not possi- ble, the pickup shall be mounted in the shortest direct mechanical path between the transducer and the bearing. Transducers shall not be mounted on unsupported panels, guards, or elsewhere on the fan where a solid signal path cannot be obtained. Transducers may be mounted on the fan housing and/or flanges where a solid signal path is obtained between the bearings and the measurement point. Horizontal readings shall always be taken in a radial direction at right angles to the fan shaft. Vertical readings shall always be taken at a right angle relative to the fan shaft and at right angles from the horizontal reading. Axial readings shall always be taken parallel to the shaft (rotor) axis. 6.1.1 Seismic Readings, All vibration values in th standard are seismic readings which represent the motion of the bearing housing. &Observations to be taken shall include readings taken with accelerometer or velocity-type instruments. Partic- ular attention should be given to ensure that the vibration sensing transducer is correctly mounted without loose- ness, rocking, or resonance. The size and weight of the transducer and its mounting system should not be so large that its presence affects the vibration response characteristics of the fan significantly. VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSDUCER MOUNTING AND VARIATIONS IN INSTRUMENT CALIBRA- TION CAN LEAD TO VARIATIONS IN MEASURE- MENTS OF + 10% OF THE VALUES GIVEN HEREIN. 6.1.2 Displacement Readings. The user and manu- facturer may agree to measure shaft displacement wi the sleeve bearing oil film by means of proximity probe systems. Such systems measure the relative motion between the rotating shaft surface and the static bearing housing Clearly, the allowable displacement amplitude must be fed to a value less than the diametral clearance of the bearing. This internal clearance varies as a function of the bearing size, the radial/axial loading, the bearing type, and the axis of interest (.e., some designs have an the horizontal axis axis). Therefore itis not the intent of this standard to establish discrete shaft displacement limits for all sleeve bearings and fan applications However, the following guideline is recommended for shaft displacement limits. The values shown in Table 6- 1 are the percent of the total available clearance within the bearing in each axi Table 6-1 Condition Maximum recommended Dis- placement as a percent of availe able diametral clearance (Any axis) Start-up/ <+25% Note: Contact bearing Satisfactory supplier to obtain the available diametral and axial clearances within the particular sleeve bear- ing being used. ‘Alarm Level 50% Shut-Down Level | 70% Note that this measurement involves the apparent motion of the shaft surface. Measurements are affected not only by vibration of the shaft but also by any mechanical run- ANSUAMCA 204-96 out of the shaft surface if the shaft is bent or out-of- round, The magnetic/electrical properties of the shaft material at the point of measurement also affect the electrical run-out ofthe shaft as measured by a proximity probe. The combined mechanical and electrical probe~ track run-out of the shaft material at the point of mea~ surement should not exceed 0.0127 mm (0.0005 inches) peak-to-peak or 25 percent of the start-up/satisfactory vibration displacement value, whichever is greater. This ‘run-out should be determined during a slow roll speed test (100 to 400 rpm), where the unbalance forces on the rotor are negligible. Special shaft preparation may be required to achieve satisfactory run-out measurement. Proximity probes should be mounted directly in the bearing housing whenever possible. EXAMPLE: Recommended guidelines for normal 152 mm (6 inch) diameter sleeve bearing having a horizontal internal clearance of 0.33 mm (0.013 che LIMITS OF RELATIVE SHAFT VIBRATION © Start-up/ = (0.25 0.33 mm) = 0.0825 mm satisfactory = 0.0825 mm, pk-pk (0.25 0.013 in.) = 3.3 mils, pk-pk © Alarm = (0.50 0.33 mm) = 0.165 mm = 0.165 mm, pk-pk (0.50 0.013 in.) = 6.5 mils, pk-pk © Shut-down = (0.70 0.33 mm) = 0.231 mm 0.231 mm, pk-pk (0.70 0.013 in.) 9.1 mils, pk-pk ‘Combined mechanical and electrical run-out of the shaft at the point of vibration measurement: a, 0.0127 mm (0.0005 inches) . 0.25 x 0.0825 mm (0.25 0.0033 inches) = 0,0052 mm (0.0008 inches) Choose the greater of the two values, 0.0052 mm (0.0008 inches) 6.2 FAN SUPPORT SYSTEM Fan installations are classified for vibration severity according to their support flexibility. To be classified as rigidly supported, the fan and support system should have a fundamental (lowest) natural frequency above the running speed. To be classified as flexibly supported, the fan and support system should have a fundamental frequency below the running speed. Generally, a large well designed concrete foundation will result in a rigidANSI/AMCA 204-96 support, whereas a fan mounted on vibration isolators will be classified as flexibly supported. Fans mounted ‘on a steel framework can be in either category, depend- ing on the structural design. In case of doubt, analysis or tests may be required to determine the fundamental natural frequency. Note that in some cases a fan could be classified as rigidly supported in one measurement direction and flexibly supported in another. (From AMCA 801-92, Section 5.3.2, p.19) 6.3 FAN VIBRATION LIMITS FOR TESTS IN MANUFACTURERS SHOP ‘The following vibration limits apply to assembled fan units. The values shown in Table 6-3 are peak velocity values, filter-in, atthe fan factory test speed. Table 6-3 Seismic Vibration Limits for Tests Con- ducted in the Factory Values shown are peak velocity, mm/s (inches/s), Filter- u In, at the factory test speed. ly Flexibly Mounted mm/s | Mounted mm/s in/s) (ins) Category 12.7 (0.50) 15.2 (0.60) 5.1(0.20) 7.6 (0.30) 3.8 (0.15) 5.1 (0.20) 2.5 (0.10) 3.8 (0.15) 2.0 (0.08) 2.5 (0.10)ee ANSI/AMCA 204-96 Vertical Y Horizontal fsa} | ©, 4 Figure 6-2 Figure 6-3,eaneaem oon boone | 1 OOH i ary’6.4 FAN VIBRATION LIMITS FOR OPERATION IN-SITU ‘The in-situ vibration level of any fan is not solely dependent on the balance grade. Installation factors, the mass and stiffness of the supporting system, will influ- ence the in-situ vibration level (Refer to AMCA Publica- tion 202, Troubleshooting). Therefore, fan vibration level in-situ is not the responsibility of the fan manufac- turer unless specified in the purchase contract. ‘The vibration levels in Table 6-4 are guidelines for acceptable operation of fans in the various application categories. The values shown are for filter-out measure- ‘ments taken on the bearing housings. ‘The vibration severity level of newly commissioned fans should be at or below the "start-up" level. AAs operation of the fan increases with time, it is expected that the vibration level will increase due to wear and other accumulated effects. In general, an increase in vibration is reasonable and safe as long as the level does not reach, "alarm" If the vibration severity level increases to the "alarm" level, action should be initiated immediately to deter- ‘mine the cause of the increase and action taken to correct it, Operation at this condition should be carefully monitored and limited to the time required to develop @ program for correcting the cause of the increased vibra- tion, If the level increases to the "shut- down" level, corrective action should be taken imme- diately or the fan should be shut down. Failure to reduce the shut-down level vibration to the acceptable recom- mended level could lead to bearing failure, cracking of rotor parts and fan housing structural welds, and ulti- ‘mately, a catastrophic failure. Historical data is an important factor when considering, the vibration severity of any fan installation. A sudden change in the vibration level may indicate the need for prompt inspection or maintenance. These values should be evaluated and adjusted for each fan installation based ‘on operational or historical data. Transitory changes in, vibration level that result from relubrication or mainte- nance should not be used for evaluating the condition of equipment. ANSI/AMCA 204-96 Table 6-4 Seismic Vibration Li ducted In-Situ is for Tests Con- Values shown are peak velocity, mm/s (inches/s), out. Flexibly Condition Mounted | Mownted Category mais amis (ins) (ins) Start-Up By. 14.000.58) | 152 (0.60) BV2 76(030) | 12.70.50) By 64(025) | $.8(0.35) by 41016 | 64(0.25) BYS 2500.10) | 4.10.16) Alarm av. 5.20.60) | 19.1 (0.5) BV2 127,050 | 19.10.75) Bv-3 102(0.40) | 16.5 (0.65) BV 64(0.28) | 10.2 (040) avs 5.7(0.20) | 7.6 (0.30) Shut- bv. NOTE! NOTE! Down Bv2 NOTE I NOTE! By 12.70.50) | 17.80.70) Bv-4 1020.40) | 15.2 (0.60) avs 7.6(0.30) | 10.2 (040) NOTE 1: Shutdown levels for fans in Fan Application Grades BV-1 and BV-2 must be established based on historical data. 7. OTHER ROTATING COMPONENTS Accessory rotating components which may affect fan vibration levels include drive sheaves, belts, coupling, and motor/driver device. When a fan is ordered from the ‘manufacturer in bare condition, (i.e., no drive and/or motor supplied and/or installed by manufacturer), it is not always practical for the manufacturer to perform a final assembly test run for vibration levels. Therefore, though the impeller may have been balanced by the manufacturer, the customer is not assured of a smooth- running assembled fan until drive and/or driver are connected to the fan shaft and unit is tested for start-up vibration levels. It is common for assembled fans to require trim balancing to reduce the vibration level to the start-up level. The final assembly test run is recom- mended for all new BV-3, BV-4 and BV-5 fan installa~ tions BEFORE commissioning for service. This will establish a baseline for future predictive maintenance efforts. uANSI/AMCA 204-96 ‘The fan manufacturer cannot be responsible for the effects of vibration of drive components added after the factory test run, Additional information on the balance quality or tion of components may be found in the following references: ISO 254:1981, Belt Drives - Pulleys - Quality, Finish and Balance, International Organization for Standardiza- tion, 1 Rue de Varembe, Case Oistake 56, Ch-I211, Geneve 20, Switzerland NEMA MG 1-1993 Part 7, Mechanical Vibration ~ ‘Measurement, Evaluation and Limits, for motors (general information), National Electrical Manufacturers Assoc tion 1300 North 17th St, Rosslyn, VA 22209, U.S.A IEC 34-14:1988, Rotating Electrical Machines, for motor (general information), International Electrotechnical Commission, 1 Rue de Varembe, Geneve, Switzerland MPTA SPB 86, Sheaves and Belts, Mechanical Power ‘Transmission Association, 932 Hungerford Drive, #36, Rockville, MD 20850, U.S.A. ANSI S2.41-1985 (R1990) For Motor In-Situ, American ‘National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10035, U.S.A, 8. INSTRUMENTS AND CALIBRATION 8.1 INSTRUMENTS Instruments and balancing machines used shall meet the requirements of the task and be within current calibra- tion, See Section 8 of ANSI S2.19-1989. The calibration period for the instrument should be that recommended by the instrument manufacturer. Instruments shall be in good condition and suitable for the intended function for the complete duration of the test. Portable instruments shall not require battery changes during a test Personnel operating instruments shall be familiar with the instruments and shall possess enough experience to detect a possible malfunction or degradation of instru- ‘ment performance. When instruments require corrective measures or calibration they shall be removed from service until corrective action is taken. 8.2 CALIBRATION All instruments shall have a calibration against a known standard. ‘The complexity of the calibration may vary from a physical inspection to a complete calibration traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Tech- 2 nology. Use of a calibrated weight to determine residual unbalance such as described in Section 8.3 of ANSI $2.19-1989 is one accepted method of calibrating instrumentation 9. DOCUMENTATION 9.1 BALANCE Written certification of the balance achieved for an indi- vidual rotor shall be provided upon request when negoti- ._ In such cases, itis recommended that the follow- ion be included in the balance certificati Balance machine manufacturer, model number Overhung or between centers Balance method, single plane, two-plane Mass of rotating assembly Residual unbalance in each correction plane Allowable residual unbalance in each correction plane Balance quality grade required ‘Acceptance criteria: pass/fail Balance certificate if required In some cases, keeping a written record on an individual rotor is impractical. In such cases, the manufacturer's records or standard operating procedures shall be suffi- cient evidence of balance achievement. 9.2 FAN VIBRATION Written certification of the vibration level achieved for an individual fan shall be provided upon request when negotiated. In such cases, it is recommended that the following information be included in the vibration certification report. Instrumentation used: Attachment of transducer Fan operating point Fan operating speed Flexible or rigid mount Description of measurements: a) position and axis b) units of measure used and reference levels ©) frequency, bandwidth, Filter-In or Filter-Out Allowable vibration level(s) Measured vibration level(s) Acceptance criteria: pass/fail Vibration certificate if requested eeoe In some cases, keeping a written record on an individual fan is impractical. In such cases, the manufacturer's records or standard operating procedures shall be suffi- cient evidence of vibration level achievement.APPENDIX A ANSU/AMCA 204-96 Conversion Chart - Conversions factors between SI and I-P systems: QUANTITY LP TOSI SITOL-P. Length (f) 0.3048 = m (mm) 3.2808 = ft (in) 25.4= mm (mm) 0.0394 = in, Mass (lbs) 0.4535924 = kg (Kg) 2.2046 = Ibm Time ‘The unit of time is the second in both systems Velocity (fs) 0.3048 = m/s (an/s) 3.2808 = fs (in/s) 0.0394 = mm/s (mm/s) 25.4 = in./s Area (8) 0.092903 = m* (mm) 10.764 = fe Volume Flow (efim) 0.000471947 = m/s (m?/s) 2118.88 = cfm Rate Density (ib/ft?) 16.01846 = kg/m? (kg/m) 0.06243 = Ib/ft @ Pressure (in, wg) 0.24836 = kPa (kPa) 4.026413 = in. we, (in. Hg) 3.38638 = kPa (KPa) 0.2953 = in. Hg, Temperature (1.8 °C +32)° 3ANSUAMCA 204-96 ‘The fan manufacturer cannot be responsible for the effects of vibration of drive components added after the factory test run. ‘Additional information on the balance quality or vibr: tion of components may be found in the following references: ISO 254:1981, Belt Drives - Pulleys - Quality, Finish and Balance, International Organization for Standardiza- tion, 1 Rue de Varembe, Case Oistake 56, Ch-1211, Geneve 20, Switzerland NEMA MG 1-193 Part 7, Mechanical Vibration - ‘Measurement, Evaluation and Limits, for motors (general information), National Electrical Manufacturers Associa- tion 1300 North 17th St., Rosslyn, VA 22209, U.S.A. IEC 34-14:1988, Rotating Electrical Machines, for motor (general information), International Electrotechnical Commission, 1 Rue de Varembe, Geneve, Switzerland MPTA SPB 86, Sheaves and Belts, Mechanical Power Transmission Association, 932 Hungerford Drive, #36, Rockville, MD 20850, U.S.A. ANSI S2.41-1985 (R1990) For Motor In-Situ, American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10035, U.S.A. 8. INSTRUMENTS AND CALIBRATION 8.1 INSTRUMENTS Instruments and balancing machines used shall meet the requirements of the task and be within current calibra- tion, See Section 8 of ANSI $2.19-1989, The calibration period for the instrument should be that recommended by the instrument manufacturer. Instruments shall be in ‘good condition and suitable for the intended function for the complete duration of the test. Portable instruments shall not require battery changes during a test. Personnel operating instruments shall be familiar with the instruments and shall possess enough experience to detect a possible malfunction or degradation of instru- ‘ment performance. When instruments require corrective ‘measures or calibration they shall be removed from service until corrective action is taken. 8.2 CALIBRATION All instruments shall have a calibration against a known standard. The complexity of the calibration may vary from a physical inspection to a complete calibr traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Tech- nology. Use of a calibrated weight to determine residual unbalance such as described in Section 8.3 of ANSI $2.19-1989 is one accepted method of calibrating |) instrumentation. DOCUMENTATION 9.1 BALANCE Written certification of the balance achieved for an in vidual rotor shall be provided upon request when negoti- ated. In such cases, it is recommended that the follow- ing information be included in the balance certification report: © Balance machine manufacturer, model number © Overhung or between centers © Balance method, single plane, two-plane ‘© Mass of rotating assembly © Residual unbalance in each correction plane © Allowable residual unbalance in each correction plane © Balance quality grade required © Acceptance criteria: pass/fail © Balance certificate if required In some cases, keeping a written record on an individual rotor is impractical. In such cases, the manufacturer's records or standard operating procedures shall be suti- () ) cient evidence of balance achievement. 7 9.2 FAN VIBRATION ‘Written certification of the vibration level achieved for an individual fan shall be provided upon request when, negotiated. In such cases, it is recommended that the following information be included in the vibration certification report. Instrumentation used: Attachment of transducer Fan operating point Fan operating speed Flexible or rigid mount Description of measurements: a) position and ) units of measure used and reference levels ©) frequency, bandwidth, Filter-In or Filter-Out Allowable vibration level(s) Measured vibration level(s) Acceptance criteria: pass/fail Vibration certificate if requested eeoe In some cases, keeping a written record on an individual fan is impractical. In such cases, the manufacturer's records or standard operating procedures shall be suffi- nce of vibration level achievement.ANSU/AMCA 204-96 APPENDIX B Relationships of Vibration Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration for Sinusoidal Motion ° / _ Peak Velocity (When Displacement=0) Peak-To—Peak Displacement Time — Displacement Period Peak Acceleration (Amount of Time to (When Displace— Complete One Cycle) ment is at Peak) » Figure 3-1 ‘The following relationships exist, independent of the system of units involved:ANSI/AMCA 204-96 ‘The following relationships exist, given by system of units used: li DISPLACEMENT D, peak-to-peak, in mm VELOCITY, Vyas mm/s ACCELERATION Aye, 8's (Ig = 9.80665 m/s* FREQUENCY, F, Hz RELATIONSHIP EQUATIONS EXAMPLE: 0.10mm, peak-to-peak, at 1800 RPM F = NI60 F = 1800/60 = 30 Hz Vooay = RFD Vyeax = 7 (30) (0.10) = 9.42 mm/s 2 = 2(RFPD Aggy = 230K O10) Aye = a _ g (1000) ps G4) -o10mm 7F % (30) | (1000) 8 Apex p = 4000) 60-181) <9. 10mm | De 2m 30))? 2 (nF) (2000) ¢ (0.181) _ Vee = = 9.42 mm/s = 0000) BA pee pa 2-0) boned 2aF 2 &(30)(9.42) Avg: = 2EGOCA) 29.181 ZRF Vent pak (1000) g s Agog = —— tt pak (1000) g 15ANSI/AMCA 204-96 IP UNITS: DISPLACEMENT D, peak-to-peak, in MILS (1 MIL = 0.001 inch) Ww VELOCITY Vyau, inches per second ACCELERATION Ajay FREQUENCY F, revolutions per minute RELATIONSHIP EQUATIONS EXAMPLE: 2.4 MILS, peak-to-peak, at 1780 RPM. F=1780 RPM F = 1780/60 =29.67 Hz pea ED . G4) ret“ (60)(1000) re (60) (1000) 4 = 2D 4, 2ECNOF OD -o.1085 60)" (1000) g cor anne __ (60) (1000) (0.224) ‘p = £60)(1000) 7 pana) MS eat - 1p = (609 (1000) g (0.108) _ (60) BA 2.(m (1780)? mk 2aF * = 80108) «9.224 ins i 4 «2REY pak "2 re (1780) pee = 60 (60g digg = 2FLIT80(0.224) 105 5 aa Ce 16ee en ———————————————EEEEEeEe ANSV/AMCA 204-96 APPENDIX C: PERMISSIBLE RESIDUAL UNBALANCE (Informative) eG © (per@ g-mmvkg C1. PERMISSIBLE RESIDUAL UNBALANCE (SI UNITS) 10000 1000 100 o 100 1000 10000 RPM Permissible residual unbalance value per unit of rotor mass, Unx/M = ey, 9 mmvkg. ‘The numerical value after the letter G is equal tothe product of, w expressed in mms,ANSI/AMCA 204-96 C.2 PERMISSIBLE RESIDUAL UNBALANCE (I-P UNITS) 0.10000 0.01000 0.00100 e (per) 0.00010 0.00001 100 1000 RPM idual unblance value per unit of rotor weight, U, par 9 in 1D. ‘The numerical value after the letter G is equal to the product of pressed in mis.