CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KR PURAM, BANGALORE- 560036

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Belgaum, Karnataka
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
SOLUTION BOOK
(18EGD15/25)

(COMMON TO ALL BRANCHES)

PREPARED BY
Mr. SATHISHA S S
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Cambridge Institute of Technology, K.R.Puram-36
 SYLLABUS
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS - 18EGDL15/25
(Common to all Branches)
(Effective from the academic year 2018-19)

Course Code: 18ME15/25 CIE Marks: 40

Contact Hours/Week: 05 (1L+4P) SEE Marks: 60
Total Hours: 60 Credits: 03
Exams. Hours: 03

Course Learning Objectives: This course (18EG15/25) will enable students to

To expose the students to standards and conventions followed in preparation of

CLO1
engineering drawings.

CLO2 To make them understand the concepts of orthographic and isometric projections.
CLO3 Develop the ability of conveying the engineering information through drawings.
To make them understand the relevance of engineering drawing to different
CLO4
engineering domains.
To develop the ability of producing engineering drawings using drawing
CLO5
instruments.
To enable them to use computer aided drafting packages for the generation of
CLO6
drawings.

MODULE – 1

Introduction to Computer Aided Sketching: 05 Hours

Introduction, Drawing Instruments and their uses, relevant BIS conventions and standards.
Lettering, line conventions, dimensioning, material conventions, and free hand practicing.

Computer screen, layout of the software, standard tool bar / menu and description of most
commonly used tool bars, and navigational tools.

Co-ordinate system and reference planes HP, VP, RPP & LPP of 2D/3D environment. Selection
of drawing sheet size and scale.

Commands and creation of Lines, coordinate points, axes, poly-lines, square, rectangle,
polygons, splines, circles, ellipse, text, move, copy, off-set, mirror, rotate, trim, extend, break,
chamfer, fillet, curves, constraints viz., tangency, parallelism, inclination and perpendicularity.
 MODULE-II

Orthographic projections of points, straight lines and planes: 12 Hours

Introduction, Definitions - Planes of projection, reference line and conventions employed. First
angle and Third angle projection.
Projections of points in all the four quadrants.
Projections of straight lines (located in first quadrant/first angle only), true and apparent lengths,
true and apparent inclinations to reference planes
Orthographic projections of plane surfaces (First angle projection only):
Projections of regular plane surfaces–triangle, squ are, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon and circle-
in simple positions inclined to both the planes; planes in different positions by change of position
method only
MODULE – III
Projections of solids: 16 Hours
Introduction, definitions – projections of right re gular tetrahedron, hexahedron (cube), prisms,
pyramids, and cones with axis inclined to both the planes. (Solids resting on HP only and no
problems on octahedrons, and freely suspended solids.)

MODULE – IV

Development of Lateral Surfaces of Solids: 12 Hours

Introduction to section planes and sectional views.
Development of lateral surfaces of right regular prisms, cylinders, pyramids, and cones resting
with base on HP only. Development of their frustums and truncations.

MODULE-V
Isometric Projection (using isometric scale only) 15 Hours
Introduction, Isometric scale, Isometric projection of simple plane figures, Isometric projection
of hexahedron(cube), right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, and spheres. Isometric
projection of combination of two simple solids. Conversion of given isometric/ pictorial views to
orthographic views of simple objects.

Course outcomes: After studying this course,

1. Students will be able to demonstrate the usage of CAD software.
2. Students will be able to visualize and draw Orthographic projections, Sections of solids and Isometric
views of solids.
3. Students are evaluated for their ability in applying various concepts to solve practical problems related
to engineering drawing.

 Students have to submit the computer printouts and the sketches at the end of the
examination. Both Internal & External examiners have to jointly evaluate the solutions
(sketches) and computer display & printouts of each student for 100 marks (60 marks for
solutions & sketches + 40 marks for computer display and printouts) and submit the marks
 list along with the solution (sketches) on graph sheets & computer printouts in separate
covers. 

 Each batch must consist of a maximum of 12 students. 

 Examination can be conducted in parallel batches, if necessary. 

Question paper pattern:

1. Module -1 is only for practice and Internal Assessment and not for examination.
2. Question paper for each batch of students will be sent online by VTU and has to be downloaded
before the commencement of Examination of each batch. The answer sheets will have to be jointly
evaluated by the Internal & External examiners.
3. A maximum of THREE questions will be set as per the following pattern (No mixing of questions
from different Modules).
Q. No. From Chapters Marks Allotted
Module 2(Choice between
1 25
(Points+Lines or Planes)
2 Module 3 45
3 Module 4 or Module 5 30
Total 100

Solutions and Sketching Computer Display and

Q. No. Total Marks
in the Graph Book Printout
1 15 10 25
2 25 20 45
3 20 10 30
Total Marks 60 40 100

Students have to submit the computer printouts and the sketches drawn on the graph sheets at the end of
the examination. Both Internal & External examiners have to jointly evaluate the solutions (sketches) and
computer display & printouts of each student for 80 marks (35 marks for solutions & sketches + 45 marks
for computer display and printouts) and submit the marks list along with the solution (sketches) on graph
sheets & computer printouts in separate covers.

4. Each batch must consist of a minimum of 10 students and a maximum of 12 students.

5. Examination can be conducted in parallel batches, if necessary.

Text Books:
1.Engineering Drawing – N.D. Bhatt & V.M. Panchal, 48th edition, 2005- C harotar Publishing
House, Gujarat.

2.Engineering Graphics – K.R. Gopalakrishna, 32nd edition, 2005- Subash P ublishers Bangalore.

3.Computer Aided Engineering Drawing- by Dr. M H Annaiah, Dr C N Chandrappa and Dr. B Sudheer
Premkumar, Fifth edition, New Age International Publishers.
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

CHAPTER-1

PROJECTION OF PLANE SURFACES

1) An equilateral triangular lamina of 25mm side lies with one of its edges on HP such that
the surface of the lamina is inclined to HP at 60 0 . The edge on which it rests is inclined to
VP at 600 .draw projections.

b'
b'

VP a'(c') b' a'(c') 60 ° c' a'

X Y
HP

60 °
c c c
b

b
25

b a

a a

2) An equilateral triangular lamina of 25mm side lies with one of its edges on HP such that
the surface of the lamina is inclined to HP at 60 0 . The edge on which it rests is inclined to
VP at 450 .draw projections.

b' b'

VP b' a'
60°

a'(c') a'(c') c'

X Y
HP
45°

c b
c c

a
b
25

a a

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 1
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

3) A triangular plane figure of sides 25mm is resting on HP with one of its corners, such that
the surface of the lamina makes an angle of 60 0 with HP. if the side opposite to the corner
on which the lamina rests makes an angle of 30 0 with VP. Draw the top and front view in
this position.

b'(c') c' b'

VP

60°
a' b'(c') a' a'
X Y
HP

30°
c
c c
a b
a
a

25
b b

4) An equilateral triangular lamina of 25mm side lies with one of its edges on VP such that
the surface of the lamina is inclined to VP at 45 0 . The edge on which it rests is inclined to
HP at 300 .draw projections.

c' c'

b' b' b'

25

c'
a' a'
a'

VP
30°

X Y
HP c(a) c(a)
45°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 2
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

5) An equilateral triangular lamina of sides 25mm is resting on VP with one of its corners,
such that the surface of the lamina makes an angle of 60 0 with VP. if the side opposite to
the corner on which the lamina rests makes an angle of 30 0 with HP. Draw the top and
front view in this position.

25 c' c'

a'
a' a'
c'

b' b'
b'
VP

30°
X a Y
HP a c(b) 60° a

c(b) b c

6) A triangular plane lamina of sides 25mm is resting on HP with one of its corner touching
it, such that the side opposite to the corner on which it rests is 15mm above HP and
makes an angle of 300 with VP. Draw the top and front views in this position. Also
determine the inclination of the lamina to the reference plane.

b'(c') c' b'

VP
15

a' b'(c') a' a'

X Y
HP
30°

c
c
c
b
a a
a
25
b b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 3
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

7) An equilateral triangular lamina of 25mm side lies on one of its sides on HP. The lamina
makes 450 with HP and one of its medians is inclined at 40 0 to VP. Draw its projections.

b'

b'
VP b'

c')
a'(c')

45°
c' a'
X

a'(
Y
HP

65°
40°
c c b

a
25

b b
c
a a
21,65 15,31 b= 45 Degrrrees

8) A triangular lamina of 25mm sides rests on one of its corner on VP such that the median
is passing through the corner on which it rests is inclined at 300 to HP and 450 to VP.
Draw its projections.

21,65 15,31

c' c'
c'
a'
25

a'
b' a' b'
b'

VP
30°
45°

X a Y
HP a c(b) a
45°

c(b) c b

b= 45 Degrrrees

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 4
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

9) A 300 -600 setsquare of 60mm longest side is so kept such that the longest side is in HP,
making an angle of 300 with VP. The setsquare itself inclined at 450 to HP. Draw
projections of the setsquare.

b'

b'
a'(c') b'

c')
VP 45° c' a'

a'(
X 30°
Y
HP
c

c
c

b
60

a
b
b

a a

10) A 600 -300 setsquare of 60mm longest side is so kept such that the longest side is in HP,
making an angle of 300 with VP. The setsquare itself inclined at 45 0 to HP. Draw
projections of the setsquare.

b' b'

VP a'(c') b' a'(c') c'

45°

a'
X Y
HP
30°

c c c

60°
b
b
a
60

30°

a a

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 5
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

11) An isosceles triangular plane of negligible thickness has base 25mm long and altitude
35mm. it is so placed on HP such that in the front view it is seen as an equilateral triangle
of 25mm sides with the side that is parallel to VP is inclined at 45 0 to HP. Draw its top
and front views. Also determine the inclination of the plate with the reference plane.

35
25
a' a'

b'
a'
45°
b' b'
25

VP c' c'
X Y

c'
HP
a(c) b a(c)
52°

12) A square lamina of 40mm side rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 30 0 to
HP and the side on which it rests makes 45 0 to VP. Draw its projections.

') b' c'

b'(c
')
VP a'(d') b'(c') a'(d
30°

a' d'
X Y
HP
45°

d c d c d
q 40

a c

a b a b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 6
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

13) A square plate of 30mm sides rests on HP such that one of the diagonals is inclined at 30 0
to HP and 450 to VP. Draw its projections.

c' c'
')
b'(d d'
b'
VP a' b'(d') c' a' a'

30°
X Y
HP

45°
55°
d d

c
c
a c a

b
a
q
40

b
b
b= 55 Degrrrees
56,57 48,99

14) A square lamina ABCD of 40mm side rests on corner C such that the diagonal AC
appears to be at 450 to VP. The two sides BC and CD containing the corner C makes
equal inclination with HP. The surface of the lamina makes 30 0 with HP. Draw its top
and front views.

C' C'
B'(D') D'
B'
VP A' B'(D') C' A'
A'
30°

X Y
HP
45°

D D D C

A C
A
C A B
q
40

B B

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 7
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

15) The top view of a square lamina of side 30mm is a rectangle of sides 30mmX20mm with
the longer side of the rectangle being parallel to both HP and VP. Draw the top and front
views of the square lamina. what is the inclination of the surface of the lamina with HP
and VP?

X1

b'(c') b' c' b''(c'')

VP a'(d') b'(c') a'(d') a''(d'')

48°

48°
a' d'
X Y
HP

45°
d d c a d
c
q 30

b c
a b a b
20

Y1

16) A rectangular lamina of sides 20mmX30mm rests on HP on one of its longer edges. The
lamina is tilted about the edges on which it rests till its plane surfaces is inclined HP at
450 . The edge on which it rests is inclined at 30 0 to VP. Draw the projections of the
lamina.

b'
c')

c'
b'(

VP a'(d') b'(c')
d')

d'
45°

X a'
a'(

Y
HP
30°
d

d c d c
c
a
30

b a b
a
20

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 8
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

17) A rectangular lamina of 35mmX20mm rests on HP on one of its shorter edges. The
lamina is rotated about the edge on which it rests till it appears as a square in the top
view. The edge on which the lamina rests being parallel to both HP and VP. Draw its
projections and find its inclination to HP and VP.

X1

b'(c') c' b''(c'')

b'

VP

55°
55°
a'(d') b'(c') a'(d') a' d' a''(d'')
X Y
HP

45°
d c d c a d
20

a b a b b c
35 q 20

Y1

18) A rectangular lamina of 35mmX20mm rests on HP on of its shorter edges. The lamina is
rotated about the edge on which it rests till it appears as a square in the top view. The
edge on which the lamina rests is inclined to 300 to VP. Draw its projections and find its
inclination to HP.

b'(c') b' c'

VP a'
55°

a'(d') b'(c') a'(d') d'

X Y
HP
30°

d c c
d

d
20

a b a b
35 q 20
b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 9
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

19) A rectangular lamina of sides 20mmX25mm has an edge in HP and adjoining edge in VP,
is tilted such that the front view appears as a rectangle of 20mmX15mm. The edge, which
is in VP, is 30mm from the right profile plane. (a)Draw the top view, front view and the
left profile view in this position.(b) find its inclination with the corresponding principal
planes.

X1
25 15

d' c' d' c' d'' c''

20

VP a' b' a' b' a'' b''

X d(a) Y
HP d(a)

53°
c(b)

45°
c(b)

30

Y1

20) The front view of a rectangular lamina of sides 30mmX20mm is square of 20mm sides.
Draw projections and determine the inclination of the surface of the lamina with HP and
VP.

X1
RPP
LSV
20
d' c'
d' c' d''(c'')
48°
30

q 20

VP
42°

a' b' a' b' a''(b'')

X Y
HP d(a) c(b) a b
45°

d c

Y1

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 10
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

21) A mirror of 30mmX40mm is inclined to the wall such that its front view is a square of
30mm side. The longer sides of the mirror appear perpendicular to both HP and VP. Find
the inclination of the mirror with the wall.

X1
RPP
LSV
d' c'
d' c' d''(c'')
40

VP q 30 a''(b'')

49°
a' b' a' b'
X Y
HP d c

45°
d(a) c(b) a b

Y1

22) A rectangular plate of negligible thickness of size 35mmX20mm has one of its shorter
edges in VP with that edge inclined at 40 0 to HP. Draw the top view if its front view is a
square of side 20mm.

35 q 20 c'
d' c' d' c'
b'
20

d'
a' b' a' b' a'
VP
40°

X Y
HP d(a) c(b) d(a) d a
55°

c(b) c b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 11
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

23) A pentagonal lamina of edges 25mm is resting on HP with one of its sides such that the
surface makes an angle of 600 with HP. The edge on which it rests is inclined at 45 0 to
VP. Draw its projections.

c'

c'
d'

')
b'(d
b'

')
VP

60°
a'(e
a'(e') b'(d') c' e' a'
X Y
HP

45°

d
d d

c
e e

e
c
25

b
a
a
a
b b

24) A pentagonal lamina of edges 25mm is resting on HP with one of its corners such that the
plane surface makes an angle of 600 with HP. The two of the edges containing the corner
on which lamina rests make equal inclination with HP. When the edge opposite to this
corner make an angle of 450 with VP and nearer to the observer. Draw the top and front
views of the plane lamina in this position.

c' d'
')
c'(d
')
b'(e

b' e'
60°

VP a' b'(e') c'(d') a'

a'

X Y
HP
45°
e

e e
d
a

d
d

a
a
b

c c
25

b b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 12
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

25) A pentagonal lamina of edges 25mm is resting on HP with one of its corners such that
the edge opposite to this corner is 20mm above HP and makes an angle of 45 0 with VP.
Draw the top and front views of the plane lamina in this position. Determine the
inclination of the lamina with HP.

c'(d') d' c'

b'(e') e'

20
VP a' b'(e') c'(d') b'

31°
a' a' Y
X
HP

45°
e e
d d

d
a

e
a

c
c c
25

a
b

b
26) A pentagonal lamina of sides 25mm is resting on one of its edges on HP with the corner
opposite to that edge touching VP. This edge is parallel to VP and the corner, which
touches VP, is at a height of 15mm above HP. Draw the projections of the lamina and
determine the inclinations of the lamina with HP and VP and the distance at which the
parallel edge lies from VP.

c' c'
b'(d') d' b'
VP
15

a'(e') b'(d') c' a'(e') e' a'

X Y
HP c
d b
35,43

d d
e e
e a
c
25

c
a
a
b b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 13
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

27) A pentagonal lamina of sides 25mm is having a sides both HP and VP. The surface of the
lamina inclined at an angle of 600 with HP. Draw the top and front views of lamina.

c'

c'
')
b'

b'(d
d'

')
VP

60°
a'(e
a'(e') b'(d') c' a' e'
X a e
Y
HP
b d
d d c
e e

c
25

a
a
b b

28) A pentagonal lamina of sides 25mmis having a side both on HP and VP. The corner
opposite to the side on which it rests is 15mm above HP. Draw the top and front views of
the lamina.

c' c'
b'(d') b' d'
VP
15

a'(e')
2 3°

a'(e') b'(d') c' a' e'

X Y
HP a e

d d b d
e e
c
c
25

c
a
a
b b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 14
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

29) A regular pentagonal lamina of 25mm side is resting on one of its corner on HP while the
sides opposite to this corner touches VP. If the lamina makes an angle of 60 0 with HP and
300 with VP. Draw the projections of the lamina.

d' c'

')
c'(d
')
b'(e
e' b'

60°
VP a' b'(e') c'(d')

a'
X a'
d c Y
HP
e b
e e
d a
d
a
a

c c
25

b b

30) A regular pentagonal lamina of 25mm sides is resting on one of its sides on HP while the
corner opposite to this side touches VP. If the lamina makes an angle of 60 0 with HP and
300 with VP, draw the projections of lamina.

c'
c'

d'
')

b'
b'(d
')

VP
60°
a'(e

a'(e') b'(d') c' e' a'

X c Y
HP b
d

d d e a
e e

c
25

a
a
b b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 15
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

31) A pentagonal lamina having edges 25mm is placed on one of its corners on HP such that
the surface makes an angle 300 with HP and perpendicular bisector of the edge passing
through corner on which the lamina rests to be inclined at 30 0 to VP. Draw the top and
front views of lamina.

')
c'(d c'
d'
')
b'(e b'
VP a' b'(e') c'(d') a'

30°
a' e'
X Y
HP e

30°
e e a
d d d

a
a b
c
c c
25

b
b

32) A pentagonal lamina of a edges 25mm is resting on VP with one of its sides such that the
surface makes an angle of 600 with VP. The edge on which it rests is inclined at 45 0 to
HP. Draw its projections.

d' d'
e' e'
d'

c'
c'
25

c'
e'

a'
b'

a' b'
a'

b'
VP
45°

X c e a Y
HP e(a) d(b)
e(a

60°
)
d(b

b
d
)
c

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 16
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

33) A pentagonal lamina having edges 25mm is placed on one of its corners on VP such that
the surface makes an angle 300 with the VP and perpendicular bisector of the edge
passing through the corner on which the lamina rests appears to be inclined at 30 0 to HP.
Draw the top and front view of lamina.
e' e'
d' d' d'
e'
a'
a'
c' c'
c'
25

b' a'
b'

30°
b'
VP
X a a b Y
HP a e(b) d(c)

30°
e(b e
)
d(c d c
)

34) A pentagonal lamina having edges 25mm is placed on one of its corners on HP such that
the perpendicular bisector of the edge passing through the corner on which the lamina
rests is inclined at 300 to HP and 450 VP. Draw the top and front views of the lamina.

')
c'(d c' d'
')
b'(e b'
VP a' b'(e') c'(d') a' e'
30°

a'
X Y
HP
45°
55°

e e
d d
e
a

a
a
c
d

c
b
25

b
b
c

38,47 33,32
b=55

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 17
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

35) A pentagonal lamina having edges 25 mm is placed on one of its corners on VP such that
the surface makes an angle 300 with VP and perpendicular bisector of the edge passing
through the corner on which the lamina rests is inclined at 45 0 to HP. Draw the top and
front views of the lamina.
38,47 33,32
e' e'

d'
d' d'

e'

c'
a'
a'

c' c'
25

b'

a'
b' b'

VP

55°
45°
X a a Y
HP a e(b) d(c)
30°
e(b b
) e
d(c
) d c

b = 55

36) A hexagonal lamina of 30mm sides rests on HP with one of its corners touching VP and
surface inclined at 450 to it. One of its edges is inclined to HP at 30 0 . Draw the front and
top views of the lamina in its final position.
f' e' f' e'
f'
d'
30

d' a' d'

a'
a'
c'
30°

VP b' c' b' b'

32°

c'
X Y
HP a f(b) a
a

e(c) d
45°

f b
f(b
)

c
e
e(
c)

d d

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 18
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

37) A regular hexagonal lamina of sides 30mm is lying in such a way that one of its sides
touches both the reference planes. If the lamina makes 60 0 with HP. Draw the projection
of the lamina.

X1
f' e'
f1' e1' f''(e'')
30

a' d'
a1' a''(d'')
d1'

60°
VP b1' b' c' c1' b''(c'')
X Y
HP b c

45°
d
a

f e

Y1
or

c' d'
')
c'(d
')

b'
b'(e

e'
60°

VP
')
a'(f

a'(f') b'(e') c'(d') a' f'

X Y
HP e a f
e b
e
f d f d
c d
30

c c
a
a
b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 19
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

38) A regular hexagonal lamina of sides 30mm is lying in such a way that one of its sides
touches both the reference planes. If the side opposite to the side on which it rests is
45mm above HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.

X1
f' e'
f1' e1' f''(e'')
30

a' d'
a1 '

45
d1' a''(d'')

VP b1' b' c' c1' b''(c'')

X Y
HP b c

45°
d
a

f e

OR Y1

c' d'
')
c'(d
')
b'(e

e'
45

b'
')

VP
a'(f

a'(f') b'(e') c'(d') a' f'

X a f Y
HP e e
b e
f d f d
c d
30

c c
a
a
b b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 20
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

39) Draw the top and front views of a hexagonal lamina of 30mm sides having two of its
edges parallel to both vertical and horizontal planes and one of its edges is 10mm from
each of the planes of projection. The surface of the lamina is inclined at an angle of 60 0 to
the HP.

c' d'

')
c'(d
')
b'

b'(e
e'

')
60°
a'(f
a'(f') b'(e') c'(d')
VP a' f'

10
X Y
HP e a f

10
e

f d f d b e

c d
30

c c
a
a
b b

40) A regular hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm is lying in such a way that one of its sides on
HP while the side opposite to the side on which it rests is on VP. If the lamina makes 60 0
to HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.
c' d'
')
c'(d
')

b'
b'(e

e'
60°
')

VP
a'(f

a'(f') b'(e') c'(d') a' f'

X Y
HP e a f
e b
e
f d f d
c d
30

c c
a
a
b b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 21
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

41) A regular hexagonal lamina of side 25mm is lying in such a way that one of its corner on
HP while the corner opposite to the corner on which it rests is on VP. If the lamina make
600 to HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.
d'

d'
e' c'

')
c'(e
')
b'(f
b'

60°
VP a' b'(f') c'(e') d' f'

a'
X Y
HP e d c
f e f e
f b
a
a d d
a
30

c
b c b

42) A hexagonal lamina of sides 30mm is resting on HP with one of its corners in VP and its
surface inclined at an angle of 300 with VP. The diagonal passing through that corner
which is in VP is inclined at 450 to HP. Draw the projection of the lamina.
60 51,96
e'

d'
f' e' f' e'
f'
30

c'
d' d'
a' a'
b'
a'

VP
55°

b' c'
45°

b' c'
X a
Y
HP a f(b) a b
e(c) d
30°

f(b f
)
e(c e c
) d
d
b=55

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 22
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

43) A hexagonal lamina of sides 30mm is resting on HP with one of its corners in VP and its
surface inclined at an angle of 300 with VP. The diagonal passing through that corner
which is in VP appears to be inclined at 450 to HP. Draw the projection of the lamina.

e'
d'
f' e' f' e'
f'
30

d' d' c'

a' a'
a' b'
VP

45°
b' c' b' c'
X a
Y
HP a f(b) a
e(c) d

30°
f(b f b
)
c
e(c e
)
d d

44) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 45 0
to HP and the side on which it rests makes 30 0 to VP. Draw its projections.

d' c'
d')
c'(

e'
e')

b'
b'(

VP
f')

a'(f') b'(e') c'(d')

45°

f' a'
a'(

X Y
HP
d

e e
30°

d
c

f f d
25

c a c
a

a
b b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 23
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

45) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its corner on HP. The lamina makes
450 to HP and the diagonal passing through the corner on which it rests is inclined at 30 0
to VP. Draw its projections.

d'

d'
e')
c'

c'(
e'
f'

f')
b'

b'(

45°
VP a' b'(f') c'(e') d' a'

a'
X f Y
HP
a

30°
e

45°
f e f e

b
a d
d a d
c

b=45
b c b c
25

50 35,36

46) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its corner on HP. The lamina makes
450 to HP and the diagonal passing through the corner on which it rests appears to be
inclined at 300 to VP. Draw its projections.

d'
d'

e')
c'( e'
c'

f'
f')
b'(

45°

VP a' b'(f') c'(e') d' a' b'

a'

X Y
HP
e
e
30°

f f e f
d

a a d
d a
c
b
b c b c
25

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 24
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

47) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its sides on VP. The lamina makes 45 0
to VP and the side on which it rests makes 45 0 to HP. Draw its projections.

e' e'

d'
f' d' f' d'

e'
25

c'
f'
a' a' c'
c'

b'
b' b'

a'
VP

45°
X f(a f Y
HP f(a) e(b) d(c) a

45°
)
e( b
b)
e
d(
c) c
d

48) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its sides on VP. The side opposite to
the side on which it rests is 30mm in front of VP and the side on which it rests makes 45 0
to HP. Draw its projections. Also determine the inclination of the lamina with the
reference plane.

e' e'
f' d' d'
f' d'
e'

c'
25

f'
a' a' c'
c'
b'

b' b' a'

VP
45°

X Y
HP f(a) e(b) d(c) f(a) f a
b
30

e(b) e

d(c) d c

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 25
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

49) A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its corners on HP. The corner opposite
to the corner on which it rests is 35mm above HP and the diagonal passing through the
corner on which it rests is inclined at 30 0 to VP. Draw its projection. Find the inclination
of the surface with HP.

d' d'
c'(e') e'
c'

35
b'(f') f' b'
VP a' b'(f') c'(e') d' a' a'
X Y
HP

45°
30°
e
f e f e
d
f

a a d
d c
a
b
b c b c
25 b=45

50 35,71

50) Draw the projections of circular plate of negligible thickness of 50mm diameter resting
on HP on a point A on the circumference, with its plane inclined at 45 0 to HP and the top
view of the diameter passing through the resting point makes 60 0 with VP.

e'
e'

f'
f')

d'
d'(

g'
g')

c'
c'(
h')

VP
45°
b'(

a' b'(h') c'(g') d'(f') e' h' a' b'

X Y
a'

HP
60°

g g
f
g

f h f
h
d
h
O 50

a e a e
c
a

b b d
d
c
c

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 26
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

51) A circular lamina of 50mm diameter is standing with one of its points on the rim on HP
and the lamina inclined at 450 to HP. The diameter at right angles to the diameter which
is passing through the point on which the lamina rests is parallel to VP. Draw its
projections.

e' e'
f'

f')
d'

d'(
g')
c'

c'(
g'
h')
b'(

45°
VP a' b'(h') c'(g') d'(f') e' a' b' a' h'
X a h
Y
HP b
g g c g
f h f
h
d f
e
O 50

a e a e

b b d
d
c
c

52) A circular lamina of 50mm diameter rests on HP such that one of its diameters is inclined
at 300 to VP and 450 to HP. Draw its top and front views in this position.
e' e'
d'
f')

f'
d'(

c'
g')
c'(

g'
h')

45°

VP b'
b'(

a' b'(h') c'(g') d'(f') e' a' a' h' Y

X
HP
30°

45°

h
g g g
a
f h f
h f
b
O 50

a e a e e
c
d
b b d
d
c
c
b=45
35,36

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 27
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

53) A circular lamina inclined to the VP appears in the front view as an ellipse of major axis
30mm and minor axis 15mm. the major axis is parallel to both HP and VP. One end of
the minor axis is in both the HP and VP. Draw the projections of the lamina and
determine the inclination of the lamina with the VP.
30 15

d'
d'

c'
a' c' a' c'
VP d' b'
b' b' a'
X c a a
Y
HP a d(b)

60°
d(b) d b

c c

54) A circular lamina inclined to the VP appears in the front view as an ellipse of major axis
60mm and minor axis 30mm. the major axis is parallel to both HP and VP. One end of
the minor axis is in both the HP and VP. Draw the projections of the lamina and
determine the inclination of the lamina with the VP.

60 30
d' d'

a' c' c'

a' c'
d'
b'
VP b' b' a'
X c a Y
HP a d(b) a
60°

d
d(b) b

c
c

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 28
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

55) A circular lamina of 30mm diameter rests on VP such that one of its diameter is inclined
at 300 to VP and 450 to HP. Draw its top and front views in this position.

30 25,98

d' d'

d'

c'
a' a'
c' c'

b'
a'
b' b'
VP

55°
45°
X a a Y
HP a d(b) c

30°
d(b d b
)
c c

b= 54 or 55

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 29
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

CHAPTER-2
PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS
1) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of
the base which is inclined to VP at 300. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is
inclined to HP at 450.
2) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners
of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is
inclined to HP at 400 and appears to be inclined to VP at 450.
3) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners
of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is
inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300.
4) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of
the base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45 0 and VP at
300.
5) A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one its edges
of the base which is inclined to VP at 300. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is
inclined to HP at 400.
6) A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one its edges
of the base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 400 and VP
at 300.
7) A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the
prism is inclined to HP at 400 and appears to be inclined to VP at 450.
8) A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
make equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the
prism is inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300.
9) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45 0 and appears
to be inclined to VP 400.
10) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45 0
and VP at 300.
11) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
makes equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when axis of the prism
is inclined to HP at 400 and appears to be inclined to VP at 450.

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 30
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

12) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
makes equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when axis of the prism
is inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300.

13) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length is suspended freely from a corner
of its base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at
450.
14) A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length is suspended freely from a
corner of its base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis appears to be inclined to
VP at 450-.
15) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length is suspended freely from a
corner of its base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis appears to be inclined to
VP at 450
16) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges
of the base which is inclined to VP at 300. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the
axis is inclined to HP at 450.
17) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
makes equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 400 and appears to be inclined to VP at 450
18) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
makes equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300.
19) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges
of the base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45 0 and
VP at 300
20) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base which is inclined to VP at 300. Draw the projections of the pyramid when
the axis is inclined to HP at 400.
21) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at
450 and VP at 300.
22) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
makes equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 400 and appears to be inclined to VP at 450.
23) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
makes equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300.

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 31
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

24) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base which is inclined to VP at 300. Draw the projections of the pyramid when
the axis is inclined to HP at 450.
25) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at
450 and VP at 300.
26) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
makes equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 400 and appears to be inclined to VP at 450.
27) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests
makes equal inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the
pyramid is inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300.
28) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length is suspended freely from the
corner of the base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 450.
29) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length is suspended freely from
the corner of the base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 450.
30) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length is suspended freely from
the corner of the base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 450.
31) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at
450.
32) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 450
33) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined
to VP at 450.
34) A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 450.
35) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP
at 450.
36) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 450.
37) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 450.

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 32
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

38) A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 450.
39) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP
at 450.
40) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 450.
41) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be
inclined to VP at 450.
42) A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at
450.
43) A cube of 40mm sides rests on HP on an edge which is inclined to VP at 300. Draw the
projections when the lateral square face containing the edge on which it rests makes an
angle of 500 to HP.
44) A tetrahedron of 55mm sides rests on one of its corners such that an edge containing that
corner is inclined to HP at 500 and VP at 300. Draw its projections.
45) A cone of 50mm base diameter and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its generators.
Draw its projections when the axis is inclined to VP at 300.
46) A tetrahedron of sides 40mm is resting on one of its sides on HP. This side is parallel to VP
and 40mm away from it. It is titled about resting side such that the base containing this
edge is inclined at 300 to HP. Draw the projections of the solid.
47) A hexahedron of 30mm sides is resting on one of its corners on HP such that one of its solid
diagonals is perpendicular to VP. Draw the projections of the solid.
48) A pentagonal prism of base side 25mm and height 50mm is resting on HP on one of its base
corners such that the top most edge is at a distance of 60mm above HP. Draw its
projections, when its top view of the axis is inclined at 450 to VP. Also, determine the
inclination of the longer edge of the prism to HP which contains the resting corner.
49) A square pyramid of base sides 30mm and height 6mm is suspended by a thread tied to one
of the corners of its base. It is then tilted such that the axis makes an angle of 450 with
respect to the VP. Considering the apex of the solid to be nearer to the observer, draw the
projections of the solid.
50) A cone of base dia. 40mm and axis length 50mm is resting on HP on a point on the
circumference on its base such that its apex is at 40mm above the HP and its top view of the
axis in inclined at 600 to VP. Draw the top and front views of the solid. Also, determine the
inclination of the axis when the base is nearer to the observer.

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 33
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

SOLUTIONS
DIFFERNCES CAN OBSERVE IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLID
PROBLEMS IN REFFERANCE TO SOLUTION BOOK

PRISM PYRAMID
TYPES OF
PROBLEMS 2ND POSITION 3RD POSITION 2ND POSITION 3RD POSITION
TOP VIEW FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW FRONT VIEW
TOP FACE
CORNER OR VISIBLE (RIGHT BOTTOM FACE
EDGE RESTING SIDE) VISIBLE BASE HIDDEN
BASE VISIBLE
WITH HP & VP BOTTOM FACE TOP FACE (LEFT SIDE)
INCLINATION HIDDEN (LEFT HIDDEN
SIDE)
TOP FACE
SUSPENDED TOP FACE
VISIBLE (LEFT
PROBLEMS VISIBLE
SIDE) BASE VISIBLE
(TAKE CORNER BOTTOM FACE BASE HIDDEN
BOTTOM FACE (RIGHT SIDE)
IN RIGHT SIDE HIDDEN
HIDDEN (RIGHT
IN 1ST POSITION)
SIDE)
BASE
SLANT EDGE OR
- - VISIBLE(RIGHT BASE VISIBLE
SLANT FACE
OR LEFT SIDE)

TO FIND GIVEN PROBLEM IS β OR α PROBLEM OR NOT

REFERNCE FOR 3RD POSITION

INCLINATION
DIRECT APPEARCE TO BE
INCLINATION INCLINED
FIRST POSITION SECOND POSITION

NOT β OR α NOT β OR α
TRUE LENGTH TRUE LENGTH
PROBLEMS PROBLEMS

β OR α NOT β OR α
TRUE LENGTH APPARENT LENGTH
PROBLEMS PROBLEMS

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 34
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

1
a'
a'(d') d'
a'(d') o' b'(c')
o' o'
b'(c') c' b'

a1'(d1') d1'
60

a1'
o1'

VP a1'(d1') b1'(c1') o1'

b1'(c1') c1'

45°
o1' b1'
X Y
HP c

d(d1) c(c1) d
d1 (c1) c
d o b

30°
(c1)
q 35

o(o1) (o1) o a

a(a1) b(b1) a1 (b1) a b d1 (o1) (b1)

a1

2 c' c'

c' o' b'(d') a' b'(d') d' o'

o' b'

c1' a' c1'

a'
60

b1'(d1') b1'
(o1')
d1' o1'
VP c1' a1 ' a1'
40°

b1'(d1') (o1') a1'

X Y
45°

HP
d a
d(d1) d1
d

c(c1) c1 c o
o(o1) a d1 (a1)
a(a1) (o1) (a1) c
o b

35
(o1)
b(b1) b
b1 c1
b1

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 35
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

b = 41
c'
3 c'

c' o' b'(d') a' b'(d') d' b'

o' o'

c1' a' c1'

a'
60

o1' d1' b1'

b1'(d1') o1'
VPc1' a1 '
40°
a1' a1'
o1' b1'(d1')
Y
HP

41°
30°
d(d1) d1
d d
a

c(c1) c1 c
o(o1) o a
a(a1) o1 (a1) d1 c
b
(a1)
q
35

b(b1) o1
b1 b
c1
45,96
b1

4 b = 45

a'(d') d'
a'(d') a'
o' b'(c')
o' o'
b'(c') c'
b'

d 1'
60

a1'(d1') a1'
o1' o1'
b1'
VP a1'(d1') b1'(c1')
4 5°

o1' b1'(c1') c1'

X Y
45 °

HP
30°

d(d1) c(c1) d
d1 (c1) c d
o b
(c1)
q 35

o(o1) (o1) o
d1 a
b(b1) (b1) b (o1)
a(a1) a1 a (b1)

42,43
a1

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 36
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

5
a' a'
a' b'(e') o' c'(d') b'(e') e'
o' o' b'

c'(d') d'
c'
a1' a1'
60

e1' b1'
b1'(e1') o1'
o1'
VP a1' b1'(e1') o1'
c1'(d1')
c1'(d1') d1' c1'

40°
X Y
HP
d
e1' e e
e(e1) c
d(d1) (d1) o
d

30°
a(a1) a b
o(o1) a1 a o (d1)
(o1)
(c1) c
25

c(c1) e1' (c1)

b1 b
b(b1) (o1)
a1 b1

6 a'
a'
a' b'(e') o' c'(d')
b'(e') e' b'
o'
o'
c'(d') d'
c'
a1' a1'
60

b1'
e1'
b1'(e1')
o1' o1'
VP a1' b1'(e1') o1'
c1'(d1')
c1'(d1') d1' c1'
4 0°

X Y
HP
30°
41°

d
e1' e
e(e1) e
d(d1) (d1)
d o
) c
(d
1
a(a1) a
o(o1) a1 (o1)
a o e1' b
(c1) c )
25

)
c(c1) (o
1
(c1
b1 b
b(b1)
a1
45,96 b1

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 37
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

7
c'(d') d' c'
c'(d') o' b'(e') a'
o' o'
e' b'
b'(e')

c1'
a' a'

(d
d 1' c1'

1
')
60

o1
o1' b1'

'
b1
e1'
VP c1'(d1') a1'

'(e
40°
o1' b1'(e1') a1'

1')
X Y

a 1
HP

'

45°
e
a
e(e1) e1 e d o
d(d1) d
d1
e 1
b
a c
25

o(o1) o1 a1 o a1
a(a1)
c d1 o1
c(c1) c1
b
b(b1) b1 b1
c1

8 b = 41

d' c'
c'(

c'(d') o' b'(e') a'

d')

o'
o'

e' b'
b'(
e')
c1'

a'

a'
(d

d1' c1'
1
')
60

o1

o1' b1'
'
b1

e1'
VP c1'(d1')
'(e

a1'
40°

o1' b1'(e1') a1'

1')

X Y
a
1

HP
'

30°
41°

e
a
e(e1) e1 e
d(d1) d
d1 d o
e1
b
a
25

o(o1) o1 a1 o a1 c
a(a1)
d1
c1 c o1
c(c1)
b
b(b1) b1
b1
45,96 c1

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 38
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

9 c'(
d') d' c'
b'(
c'(d') b'(e') o' a'(f') e') o' b'
o' e'
c1 a'(
'(d f')
1 ') c1' a'
d1' f'
50

b1 o1' b1'

o1
'(e

'
1 ') e1'
VPc1'(d1') o1' b1'(e1') a1'(f1') a1'(f1') f1'

45°
X a1' Y
HP

40°
e' f'
e(e1) e1 e

d(d1) f(f1) d1
f a'
o'
f1 d
e1' d'
o f1'
25

o(o1) o1
a1 c c'
c1 a
' ' a 1' b'
c(c1) a(a1) d1 o1
b(b1) b1 b
'
c1' b1

b = 41
10 c'(
d') d' c'
b'(
c'(d') b'(e') o' a'(f') e') e' o' b'
o'
c1 a'(
'(d f')
1 ') f' a'
d1' c1'
50

b1
o1

'(e b1'
'

o1'
1'
) e1'
VPc1'(d1') o1' b1'(e1') a1'(f1') a1'(f1') f1'
45°

a1'
Y
HP
45°

30°

e1 e e f
e(e1)
d(d1) f(f1) d1
f a
f1 d o
d
o e1
25

o(o1) o1 f1
a1 c c b
c1 a
a(a1) a1
c(c1) o1
d1
b(b1) b1 b

c1 b1
35,36

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 39
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

11 a'

a'
f' b'

b'(
f')
a' b'(f') o' c'(e') d' o'

o'
e' c'

c'(
a1'
a1'

e')
d'

b1

d'
b1'

'(f1
f1'

')
50

o1
o1'

'c
e1'

1'(
VP b1'(f1') o1' c1'(e1') d1' d1' c1'

e1'
40°
a1'

)
d1
X Y

'
HP

45°
e
f(f1) e(e1) f1 e1 f e

d
o
e1
d(d1)

c
a
a(a1)
d1 a o

f1

d1
o(o1) a1 o1 d

b
o1
25

c1
b(b1) c(c1) b1 c1 b

a1

b1
b = 41
12 a'
a'

f' b'
b'(
f')

a' b'(f') o' c'(e') d' o'

o'

e' c'
c'(
a1'

a1'
e')

d'
b1

d'
'(f

f1' b1'
1')
50

o1'
o1
'c
1'(

VP b1'(f1') o1' c1'(e1') d1' d1' c1'

e1'
40°

a1' e1'
)
d1

X Y
'

HP e 30°
41°

f(f1) e(e1) f1 e1 f e f
d
d(d1) e1 o
a(a1) a
o(o1) a1 o1 d1 a o d f1 c
d1
o1 b
25

b(b1) c(c1) b1 c1 b c
a1 c1
b1
38,3

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 40
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

c' c'
13 o'
'( d') d' o' b'
b

a' b'(d') o' c' a'

a'
CG c1'
c1'

o1' d1'
') o1'
'(d
1 b1'
60

CG b1
a1' a1'
30

VP a1 ' b1'(d1') o1' c1 '

X Y
HP

45 °
d1
d(d1) d d1

c1
1 )
(o
d
a(a1) c
o(o1) a c1

c
o (o1)

)
1
c(c1)

(a
(a1)

b1
o
q
35

b(b1) b b1

b
a'
14 b'(
e')
e'
o' b'
o'
d')
c'( d' c'
c'(d') o' b'(e') a'
CG
'
)a
1
a1'
1'(
e1'
CG b e1' b1'
o1' o1'
60

') c1'
(d1
c1' d1'
VP c1'(d1') o1' b1'(e1') a1'
X Y
HP
45 °

e1
e(e1) e a1
e1
d(d1) d d1 d1
e o1
a1
25

o(o1) o a o1 b1
a(a1) a
c1

c(c1) c c1 d o
b(b1) b b1 b
c

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 41
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

d'
15

d'
e')
e' c'

c'(
o'

o'
f' b'

f')
b'(

'
d1
CG a' d1'
a' b'(f') o' c'(e') d'

a'

1')
'(e
e1' c1'

' c1
o1'

o1
1')
'(f
b1
CG f1'
50

b1'

'
a1
a1'
VP a1' b1'(f1') o1' c1'(e1') d1'
X Y
HP

45°
e1
f(f1) e(e1) f e f1 e1

d1
f1
d(d1)

o1
a(a1) d1
a o d a1
o(o1) o1

a1

c1
d
f

b1
25

o
b(b1) c(c1) b c b1 c1

c
a
16
o'
o'
o'
65

b'(c') c' d'

(o1') o1'
VP b'(c') (o1') a'(d') a'(d') b' a'
45°

X Y
HP
o
c c d
30°

d
d
q 35

(o1) o
o(o1)
c (o1) a
b a b a

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 42
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

17
o'
o'

o'
a' a'
65

(o1') b'
d' o1'
b'(d')
*
VP b'(d') (o1') c'

40°
a' c' c'
X Y
HP

45°
d d
o

d
a c o c
c a (o1)
o(o1)
(o1)
q
35

a b
b b

b = 41
18
o'
o'
o'

a' a'
60

(o1') b'
d'
b'(d') o1'
VP b'(d') (o1') c'
40°

a' c' c'

X Y
HP
30°
41°

d d
o
d

(c)
a o
c a (o1) (c)
o(o1) (o1)
a
q

b
35

b
b
45,96

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 43
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

19 b = 45
o'
o'

o'
65

b'(c') c' b'

o1'
(o1')
VP b'(c') (o1') a'(d') a'(d') d' a'

45°
X Y
HP

30°
45°
c d c d

o
d
q 35

(o1) o c
o(o1)
(o1) a
b a b a

45,96 b

20
o'
o'
o'

a'
a'
60

b'(e') b'
e'
o1' o1'
VP b'(e') c'(d') c'(d') c'
40°

a' o1' d'

X Y
HP

e e o
30°

d
(d)
a a o
o(o1) (o1) (d)
(c) e
(c)
25

c (o1)
b b
a b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 44
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

b = 41
21
o'
o'

o'
a' a'
60

e'
b'(e') o1' b'
o1'
VP b'(e') c'(d') c'(d') c'

40°
a' o1' d'
X Y
HP

30°
41°
e e
d (d) o
(d)
a a o
o(o1) (o1) e

(c) (c)
25

c (o1)
b b a
b
45,96

22

o' o'
o'

c'(d') d'
c'
50

o1' o1'
b'(e') b'
VP c'(d') e' a'
40°

o1' b'(e') a' a'

X Y
HP
45°

e e
d d
o
a o e
25

o(o1) (o1) (a)

c
c d (o1) (a)
b b
b
c

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 45
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

b = 41

23
o' o'

o'
c'(d') d' c'
50

o1' o1'
b'(e') b'
VP c'(d') e' a'

40°
o1' b'(e') a' a'
X Y
HP

30°
41°
e e
d e o
d

a o d (a)
25

o(o1) (o1) (a) (o1)

c b
c
b b c

24
o' o' o'

c'(d') d'
c'
50

o1' o1' b'

b'(e')
e'
VP c'(d') f' a'
45°

b'(e') o1' a'(f') a'(f')

X Y
HP
e e
30°

o
d f d (f)

(f)
e
25

(o1) o
o(o1) (a)
c a c (a) (o1)
d b
b b
c

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 46
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

b = 45
25
o' o'

o'
c'(d') d' c'
50

b'
e' o1'
b'(e') o1'
VP

45°
c'(d') b'(e') o1' a'(f') a'(f') f' a'
X
HP

30°
45°
e e
d f d (f) (f)
e o
25

(o1) o (a)
o(o1)
a c d (o1)
c (a)

b b c b
35,36

26
o' o' o'
d'
d'
e'
c'(e') c'
50

o1' o1'
b'(f') b'
VP o1' b'(f') a'a' f' a'
40°

d' c'(e') a'

X Y
HP
45°

f e f
e

f o
d o
o(o1) a d (o1) (a) e (a)

(o1)
c b c b b
d
25
c

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 47
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

27
o' o' o'
d'
d'
e'
c'(e') c'
o1'
50

o1'
b'
VP b'(f')
o1' b'(f') a'

40°
d' c'(e') a' f' a'
Y
HP

30°
41°
f f f
e e o
e
(a)
d
o(o1) a d (o1) (a) o (o1)
d b

c b b c b = 41
c
25
38,3

c' c'
28
o' b'(d') d' o1'
b'
CG (o1')

a'
a'
o'
60

o'
CG

VP
15

a' (o1') b'(d') c'

X Y
HP
45°

d d a
o1
c
a b
a
o(o1) c o c o1
q

o
35

b b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 48
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

a' a'
29
b'(e') e' b'
o' o1' o1'
c'(d') d'
CG c'
o'
o'
50

CG
VP c'(d')
12,5
o1' b'(e') a'
X Y
HP

45°
e e d
e
d
d
o1 c
a o1
25

o(o1) a a
o
b
c c
b b
o

a' a'
30
b'(f') f' b'
o1'
CG o1'
o' c'(e')
c'
e'
o'
d' o' d'
50

CG
VP d' c'(e') o1' b'(f') a'
X Y
HP
45°

e
f d
e f f e
o1
a c
d d
o(o1) a o a o1 b

o
c b b c
25

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 49
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

31 o'

a' a'

o1'
60

b'(d') d' b'

(o1')

VP a' (o1') b'(d') c' c' o' o'

c'
X Y
HP

45°
d d

d
a c o1
o(o1) c a
o
q a
35
o1
b c
b
b

32
o'

a' a'

o1'
60

b'(d') d' b'

(o1')

VP a' (o1') b'(d') c' c' o'

c' o'
X Y
HP
45°
50°

d d
o

a c o1
o(o1) c a o
d

a
q
35

o1

b b = 50
c

b
b

55,47

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 50
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

33
o'

b'(c') c' b'

60

(o1') o1'

VP b'(c') (o1') a'(d') a'(d') d' a' o'

X Y
HP
o
c d c
d
c
q 35

o d
o(o1) o1
o1
b a a b b
a

34
o'

b'(c') b'
c'
60

(o1') o1'

VP b'(c') (o1') a'(d') a'(d') d' a' o'

X Y
HP
45°
47°

c d c
d o
q 35

o c
o(o1) o1
d
b a a b o1
57,6 b b = 47
a

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 51
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

35
o'

c'(d') d' c'

50

o1' o1'
b'(e') e' b'

VP c'(d') o1' b'(e') a' a' o' a' o'

X Y
HP

45°
e e
d
d o
o
25

o(o1) a a o1 e
c d
c
b b o1 c
a
b

36
o'

c'(d') d' c'

50

o1' o1'
b'(e') b'
e'
VP c'(d') o1' b'(e') a' a' o' a' o'
X Y
HP
45°
50°

e e
d o
d
o
25

o(o1) a a o1 e d
c
c o1 c
b b a
b = 50
46,01 b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 52
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

37
o'
a' a'

b'(e') b'
e'
50

o1' o1'
VP c'(d') o1' b'(e') a' o' c'(d') o' c' d'
X Y
HP

45°
e e
d
d o
25

o(o1) a o a o1 e
c a
c d
b b
o1
b c

OR

o'
a' a'

b'(e') e' b'

50

o1'
o1'
VP a' b'(e') o1' c'(d') c'(d') o' d' c' o'
X Y
HP
45°

e e
d o
d e
a o
o(o1) o1 a a
c d
o1
25

c
b b b
c

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 53
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

38
o' b = 48
a' a'

b'(e') b' e'

50

o1'
o1'
VP c'(d') o1' b'(e') a' o' c'(d') o'
c' d'
X Y
HP

45°
48°
e e
d o
d

o1 e
25

o(o1) a o a
c a
d
c o1
b b
b c
47,28

39
o' d'
d'

c'(e') e'
c'
o1'
50

o1' b'
b'(f') f'
VP d' c'(e') o1' b'(f') a' a' o' a' o'
X Y
HP
45°

f f e
e o
e
f d
d a o
o(o1) a o1 d
o1
a c
c b b c b
25

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 54
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

40 b = 52

o'
d' d'
e'
c'(e') c'
o1'
o1'
50

b'
b'(f') f'
VP d' c'(e') o1' b'(f') a' a' o' a' o'
X Y
HP

45°
52°
f f e o
e
e

d o f d
o(o1) a a o1 d
o1
c
a
c b b b
c
25 44,72

41
o'
c'(d') d' c'

e' o1'
50

b'(e') b'
(o1')
VP c'(d') b'(e') (o1') a'(f') a'(f') o' f' a' o'
X Y
HP
45°

e e
d f o
f d
e d
o
25

o1
o(o1) f
a c o1 c
c a

b b a b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 55
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

42 b = 48
o'
c'(d') d' c'

e' o1'
50

b'(e') b'
(o1')

VP c'(d') b'(e') (o1') a'(f') a'(f') o' f' a' o'

X Y
HP

45°
50°
e e
d f f d o

o e d
25

o1
o(o1)
c a a c f
o1 c
b b
45,88 a b

43 a'(d') d'
a'

o' o'
a'(d') o' b'(c')
b'(c') c' b'
a1'(d1')
d1' a1'
q 40

o1' o1'
VP a1'(d1') o1' b1'(c1') b1'(c1') c1' b1'
50°

X Y
HP
30°

d(d1) c(c1) d1 d c1
c

c
c1
q 40

o
o

o(o1) o1
d

b
a b

a(a1) b(b1) a1 a b1
o1
d1

a1

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 56
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

44
b = 51
o' a'
a'(c') c'
o'
o'

(o1') o1'

VP 55

50°
a'(c') (o1') b' b' b'
HP

30°
51°
c c
o

c (b)
55

o(o1) (o1) (b) o

b (o1)

35,35 a
a a

45
o'

a' a'

b'(h') h' b'

c'(g')
60

g' o1'
(o1) c'
d'(f') f'
VP a' b'(h') c'(g')(o1)d'(f') e' e' o' e' d' o'
X Y
30°

HP
33°

g o
g g h
h f f f
h
a
(o1)
o e
50

a e e (o1) a b
o(o1)
d c
b d b
d c
c b = 33
55,38

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 57
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

46 o' o' o'

40 b' b'
(o1')
VP b' a'(c') o1'

30°
(o1') a'(c') a' c'
X Y
HP

40
c c
o
c
a
b o
40

o(o1) b o1 o1

a a b

OR

o' o' o'

40

b' b'
(o1')
VP b' o1'
30°

(o1') a'(c') a'(c') a' c'

X Y
HP
40

c c
o
c a
b o
40

o(o1) b o1 o1

a a b

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 58
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

47 c' c'

b'(d') d'
a' b'(d') c' b'
a'
a' 3'
3'
30

2'(4') 4' 2'

VP 1' 2'(4') 3' 1'
1'
X Y
HP 3

d 4 4 c 2
d(4)

d 1 b
a(1) c(3) c 3
a 1
a
30

b(2) b 2

48
c'(d') d' c'
c'(d') o' b'(e') a'
o' o'
e' b'
c1'(d1') b'(e') c1'
d1'
60

a' a'
50

o1' o1' b1'

VP c1'(d1') o1'
b1'(e1')a1' b1'(e1') a1' e1' a1'
X Y
HP
45°

e(e1) e1 a
e
d(d1) d d
d1 e1 o
b
25

o(o1) (o1) (a1) o a (a1)

a(a1)
c1 c d1 (o1)
c(c1)
b(b1) b1 b b1
c1

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 59
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

b = 53
49
a' a'

o' b'(d') b' (p')

d'
(p')

c' c'
o' o'
45

G
VP a' (p') b'(d') c'
X Y
HP

45°
53°
b c
d d
p
a d
a
o(p) c c p a o
q

o
30

b b
39,76

50
o'

o' o'
a'
a'
h' b'
b'(h')
50

p'
c'(g')(p') g' c'
f'
d'
VP a' b'(h') c'(g')(p')d'(f') e'
d'(f')
e' e'
X Y
HP
60°

g g
h f h
o

a
e a e o
o(p) (p)
O 40 d
g f
b b e
d
c c
h (p) d
a c

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 60
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

CHAPTER- 3
ISOMRTRIC PROJECTION
1. Three cubes of sides 60mm, 40mm and 20mm are placed centrally one above the other in the
ascending order of their side. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

30°

30°

2. A square prism of base side 30mm and length 70mm is resting on its rectangular face on top of a
square slab side 70mm and 25mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°

30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 61
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

3. Two rectangular plates are placed centrally with dimensions (lxbxh) 100mmx60mmx20mm and
100mmx40mmx20mm such that longer edges are parallel. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination

30°

30°

4. The rectangular slabs (lxbxh) 100mmx60mmx20mm and 100mmx40mmx20mm

100mmx20mmx20mm are placed one above the other in the ascending order of their width- b,
such that their longer axes are co-planar. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 62
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

5. A triangular prism base side 30mm and length 70mm is resting on its rectangular face on top of a
square slab side 70mm and 25mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

25,98

30

30°

30°

6. A cube of side 25mm is resting centrally on a rectangular slab 100mmx40mm and 30mm thick.
Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 63
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

7. A sphere diameter 60mm is placed centrally on the top face of a square prism side 60mm and
height 70mm. draw the isometric projection of the combination.

30°

30°

8. A sphere of diameter 50mm rests centrally on top of a cube of sides 50mm. Draw the isometric
projections of the combination of solids.
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 64
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

9. A square prism side 40mm and height 70mm has a full dept co-axial square hole side 20mm such
that the edges of the both the squares are parallel. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

30°

30°

10 A rectangular slab base 100mmx80mm and height 30mm has a full dept co-axial square hole
side 40mm such that one of the sides of the square is parallel to one of the sides of the
rectangle. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°

30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 65
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

11. A square prism base side 40mm, height 50mm is placed centrally on a rectangular slab sides
100mmx60mm and thickness 20mm.Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

30°

30°

12. A rectangular pyramid of base 40mmX25mm and height 50mm is placed centrally on a
rectangular slab sides 100mmX60mm and thickness 20mm. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination.
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 66
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

13. A hemisphere of 40mm diameter is supported coaxially on vertex of a cone of base dia 60mm
and axis length 50mm. the flat circular face of the hemisphere is facing upside. Draw the
isometric projection of the combination of solids.

30°
30°

14. A cone of base diameter 30mm and height 40mm rests centrally over a cube of sides 50mm.
Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids.
30°

30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 67
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

15. Draw the isometric projection of a rectangular prism of 60 X 80 X 20mm thick surmounting
tetrahedron of sides 45mm such that the axis of the solids are collinear and at least one of the
edges both the solids are parallel to VP.

45
36,74
45
30°

30°

12,99 25,98
38,97

16. A triangular pyramid base side 40mm and height 50mm is placed centrally on a square slab
side 80mm and 20mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
50
40

11,55 23,09
30°
30°

34,64

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 68
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

17. A cone of base diameter 50mm and height 40mm is placed centrally on the top face of a
square slab side 80mm and height 20mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

30°
30°

18. The frustum of a square pyramid of sides 40mm and height 60mm rest on the center of the
top of a square block of side 60mm and height 20mm the base edges of the pyramid are
parallel to the top edges of the square block. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination of the solids.
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 69
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

19. A hemisphere of diameter 50mm is centrally resting on top of a square prism of base side
60mm and height 30mm such that the curved surface of hemisphere is touching the top face
of the prism. Draw its isometric projections.

30°
30°

20. A frustum of cone base diameter 50mm, top diameter 25mm and height 50mm is placed
centrally on a square slab side 80mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination.
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 70
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

21. A cone of base diameter 50mm and height 60mm is placed centrally on an equilateral
triangular prism of side 100mm and 20mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

30°
30°

22. A sphere of diameter 45mm rests centrally over a frustum of cone of base diameter 60mm,
top diameter 40mm and height 60mm. Draw its isometric projections.
30 °
30 °

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 71
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

23. A rectangular pyramid of base 40mmx25mm and height 50mm is placed centrally on a
cylindrical slab of diameter 100mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination.

30°
30°

24. A square prism base side 40mm, height 50mm is placed centrally on cylindrical slab of
diameter 100mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 72
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

25. A frustum of cone base diameter 50mm , top diameter 25mm and height 50mm is placed
centrally cylindrical slab of diameter 100mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric
projection of the combination.

26. A frustum of cone base diameter 50mm, top diameter 25mm and height 50mm is placed
centrally on the top face of a cylinder diameter 60mm and height 60mm. Draw the isometric
projection of the combination.
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 73
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

27. A hemisphere diameter 70mm is placed on the ground on its curved surface. A cone base
diameter 70mm and height 70mm is placed centrally on it. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination.

28. A sphere diameter 40mm is placed centrally on the flat face of a hemisphere diameter 60mm.
Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 74
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

29. A hemisphere diameter 50mm is resting on its curved surface centrally on the top face of
frustum of a rectangular pyramid base 80mmx60mm and top 60mmx40mm, height 55mm.
Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

30°
30°

30. A frustum of a square pyramid base side 40mm, top face side 20mm and height 40mm is
placed centrally on frustum of a cone base diameter 80mm, top diameter 60mm and height
20mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 75
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

31. A cone base diameter 60mm, height 50mm is placed centrally on frustum of a square pyramid
base side 100mm top face side 60mm and height 20mm. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

30°
30°

32. A square pyramid of a base side 40mm and height 70mm rest symmetrically on a cube of
edge 50mm, which itself is placed on cylinder of diameter 80mm and thickness 30mm. Draw
the isometric projection of the solids, if the axis of the three solids are in common lines.
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 76
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

33. Following figure (I), shows the front and top views of solid. Draw the isometric projection of
the solid.

30
20
15

q 70
50
O

30°
30°

q 30

Fig : (I)

34. Following figure (II), shows the front and top views of solid. Draw the isometric projection of
the solid.
30
20
15

O
70
q 35

q 20

Fig : (II)

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 77
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

35. Following figure(III), shows the front and side views of solid. Draw the isometric projection
of the solid.

15
60

25

10
15

15

60 45

Fig : (III)

36. Following figure (IV), shows the front and top views of solid. Draw the isometric projection
of the solid.

30 30

60
60
30

Fig : (IV)

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 78
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

37. Following figure (V), shows the front and side views of solid. Draw the isometric projection
of the solid.

30

30
30

O
60

60

Fig : (V)

38. Following figure (VI), shows the front and side views of solid. Draw the isometric projection
of the solid.

30
70

40
70

35
35

Fig : (VI)

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 79
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

39. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30mm and axis length 60mm is resting on HP on its base
with a side of base perpendicular to VP. Draw its isometric projections.

28,53

4 3

48,5 4
30
9,27

1 2

46,17

40. A pentagonal pyramid base side 25mm and height 65mm is placed centrally on a rectangular
slab 100mmx60mm and 20mm thick. . Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

23,78
3

4
40, 4 5
25
7, 73

1 2

38,47
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 80
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

41. A cone base diameter 45mm and height 65mm is placed centrally on the top face of a
pentagonal prism side 45mm and height 35mm. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

3
4

72,81
45
13,91

1 42,8 2

30°
30°

42. A cone of base diameter 40mm and height 50mm rests centrally over a frustum of a
pentagonal pyramid of base side 45mm and top side 35mm and height 55mm.Draw isometric
projections of the solids.

69,25

3
4
72,81
45
13,91

1 42,8 2
30°

30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 81
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

43. A regular pentagonal prism of base edge 30mm and axis 60mm is mounted centrally over a
cylindrical block of 80mm diameter and 25mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the
combined solids.

30°
30°

44. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids formed by a frustum of cone and
co-axial frustum of pentagonal pyramid. The lower frustum of cone is of 80mm base
diameter, 60mm top diameter and height 25mm the upper frustum of pyramid is of 30mm
side of base, 20mm side of top face and height 40mm.

28,53

4 3
48, 54
30
9,27

1 2

46,17
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 82
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

45. Draw isometric projection of hexagonal prism of side of base 40mm and height 60mm with a
right circular cone of base 40mm as diameter and altitude 50mm, resting on its top such that
the axes of both the solids are collinear.

80

20 40
4 e
f
3

69,28

a d

2
1 b c

30°

30°
46. A sphere of diameter 30mm rests on the frustum of a hexagonal pyramid base 30mm, top face
18mm side and height 50mm, such that their axes coincide. Draw the isometric projection of
combined solids.

60

15 30
4 e d
3
51,96

f c

1 a b 2
30°
30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 83
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

47. A sphere diameter 60mm is placed centrally on the top face of a hexagonal prism side 35mm
and height 50mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

30°
30°

48. A cube of side 40mm is resting centrally on hexagonal prism base side 40mm and height
50mm such that one of the base sides of the cube is parallel to one of the sides of the top face
of the prism. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30°

30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 84
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

49. Following figure(A), shows the top view of cylinder which is centrally mounted on a frustum
of a pentagonal pyramid of 60mm height. Draw the isometric projection of the combination
of the solids.

100

20
50

O 50

Fig : (A)

Ans:
30°

30°

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 85
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

50. Following figure(B), shows the front view of combination of solids consisting a cut sphere
and frustum of cone and a square pyramid. Draw the isomeric projection of the combination
of solids.

10
R 30

O 60

40

O 70
30

O 90

Fig : (B)

Ans: 30°
30°

All the best

SATHISHA S S M.Tech
DEPT.OF MECHANICAL ENGG, C.i.tech. Page 86