Vehicle Parking Management System

Vehicle Parking Management System
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
Vehicle Parking management system is a tool that is used to maintain vehicle parking
details. The system makes use of a single centralized database to maintain records of all the
customers who park their vehicle. Authentication process is implemented to allow only the
Admin. Vehicle-in data, Vehicle-out data, history (of customers) credentials are all stored
in database. All the processes are carried out through an interactive interface on a web
platform.
Having a centralized database for all vehicle of the same group helps in maintaining
the records and makes administrator job much easier. It also helps in comparing different
attributes of the group.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
“To handle and maintain the details of vehicle in any parking places.”
The aim of the project is to show the real-world implementation of Database Management
System developed using technologies such as HTML5, CSS, JavaScript, PHP. The tool is
deployed on web for the admin to access and maintain details of Vehicle parking. It can be
used across different operating systems and solely depends on the type of web browser and
version of MySQL used, as the project is developed for web platform. But the deployed
version only depends on the user’s browser and its version.
1.3 WEB TECHNOLOGIES
Web technology refers to the means by which computers communicate with each other
using markup languages and multimedia packages. It gives us a way to interact with hosted
information, like websites. Web technology involves the use of hypertext markup language
(HTML) and cascading style sheets (CSS). There are many other technologies that are
available that helps us to create website best suited for our needs. We will learn more about
these technologies in the following sub sections.
Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 1

1.3.1 HTML5
HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World
Wide Web. It is the fifth and current major version of the HTML standard.
It was published in October 2014 by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to
improve the language with support for the latest multimedia, while keeping it both easily
readable by humans and consistently understood by computers and devices such as web
browsers, parsers, etc. HTML5 is intended to subsume not only HTML 4, but also
XHTML 1 and DOM Level 2 HTML.
HTML5 includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable

implementations; it extends, improves and rationalizes the markup available for documents,
and introduces markup and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web
applications. For the same reasons, HTML5 is also a candidate for cross- platform mobile
applications, because it includes features designed with low-powered devices in mind.
Fig. 1.1 HTML5 APIs and related technologies taxonomy and status

1.3.2 CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the
presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML. CSS is a cornerstone
technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.
CSS was first proposed by Håkon Wium Lie on October 10, 1994. At the time, Lie
was working with Tim Berners-Lee at CERN. Several other style sheet languages for the
web were proposed around the same time, and discussions on public mailing lists and inside
World Wide Web Consortium resulted in the first W3C CSS Recommendation (CSS1)
being released in 1996. In particular, Bert Bos proposal was influential; he became co-
author of CSS1 and is regarded as co-creator of CSS.[1]
Style sheets have existed in one form or another since the beginnings of Standard
Generalized Markup Language (SGML) in the 1980s, and CSS was developed to provide
style sheets for the web. One requirement for a web style sheet language was for style sheets
to come from different sources on the web. Therefore, existing style sheet languages like
DSSSL and FOSI were not suitable. CSS, on the other hand, let a document's style be
influenced by multiple style sheets by way of "cascading" styles.
CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content, including

layout, color’s, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more
flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple
web pages to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and
reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content.
Separation of formatting and content also makes it feasible to present the same
markup page in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print,
by voice (via speech-based browser or screen reader), and on Braille-based tactile devices.
CSS also has rules for alternate formatting if the content is accessed on a mobile device.
The name cascading comes from the specified priority scheme to determine which
style rule applies if more than one rule matches a particular element. This cascading priority
scheme is predictable.

Some of the notable advantages are as follows:
 Separation of content from presentation
CSS facilitates publication of content in multiple presentation formats based on

nominal parameters. Nominal parameters include explicit user preferences, different
web browsers, the type of device being used to view the content (a desktop computer
or mobile Internet device), the geographic location of the user and many other
variables.
 Site-wide consistency
When CSS is used effectively, in terms of inheritance and "cascading", a global style
sheet can be used to affect and style elements site-wide. If the situation arises that the
styling of the elements should be changed or adjusted, these changes can be made by
editing rules in the global style sheet. Before CSS, this sort of maintenance was more
difficult, expensive and time-consuming.
 Bandwidth
A stylesheet, internal or external, specifies the style once for a range of HTML
elements selected by ‘class’ type or relationship to others. This is much more efficient
than repeating style information inline for each occurrence of the element. An
external stylesheet is usually stored in the browser cache, and can therefore be used
on multiple pages without being reloaded, further reducing data transfer over a
network.
 Page reformatting
With a simple change of one line, a different style sheet can be used for the same
page. This has advantages for accessibility, as well as providing the ability to tailor a
page or site to different target devices. Furthermore, devices not able to understand
the styling still display the content.

 Accessibility
Without CSS, web designers must typically lay out their pages with techniques such
as HTML tables that hinder accessibility for vision-impaired users.
● Recommendation ● Candidate Recommendation ● Last Call
● Working Draft.
Fig. 1.2 Taxonomy and status of CSS3 modules

1.3.3 JavaScript
JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, interpreted programming language. It

is a language which is also characterized as dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based and
multi-paradigm.
Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of the
World Wide Web. JavaScript enables interactive web pages and thus is an essential part of
web applications. The vast majority of websites use it, and all major web browsers have a
dedicated JavaScript engine to execute it.
As a multi-paradigm language, JavaScript supports event-driven, functional, and

imperative (including object-oriented and prototype-based) programming styles. It has an
API for working with text, arrays, dates, regular expressions, and basic manipulation of the
DOM, but the language itself does not include any I/O, such as networking, storage, or
graphics facilities, relying for these upon the host environment in which it is embedded. [2]
Initially only implemented client-side in web browsers, JavaScript engines are now
embedded in many other types of host software, including server-side in web servers and
databases, and in non-web programs such as word processors and PDF software, and in
runtime environments that make JavaScript available for writing mobile and desktop
applications, including desktop widgets.
Some of the notable advantages are as follows:
 Speed
Being client-side, JavaScript is very fast because any code functions can be run
immediately instead of having to contact the server and wait for an answer.
 Simplicity
JavaScript is relatively simple to learn and implement.

 Versatility
JavaScript plays nicely with other languages and can be used in a huge variety of
applications. Unlike PHP or SSI scripts, JavaScript can be inserted into any web page
regardless of the file extension. JavaScript can also be used inside scripts written in
other languages such as Perl and PHP.
 Server Load Being client-side reduces the demand on the website server.

1.3.4 PHP
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (or simply PHP) is a server-side scripting language designed
for Web development, and also used as a general-purpose programming language. It was
originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now
produced by The PHP Group. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now
stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. [3]
PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination
with various web template systems, web content management systems, and web
frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module
in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web server
combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be any type of
data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code may also be executed with
a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalone graphical
applications.
The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software
released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most
web servers on almost every operating system and platform, free of charge.
The reason behind the popularity of PHP is its several advantages. PHP is most
suited for the purpose of web development. The advantages of PHP are discussed briefly
below:
 Cross Platform
All the PHP based applications can run on various types of platforms. PHP is
supported by majority of Operating Systems, some of which includes Solaris, UNIX,
Windows and Linux. The mentioned platforms can be used to write codes in PHP and
also view web pages or run the PHP based applications.
PHP easily interfaces with MySQL and Apache both. An effortless integration of
PHP can be done with various other technologies like Java and there is no
requirement of re-development. Therefore, saving both time and money, giving it an
important advantage.

 Easy database connection
A programming language like PHP is widely used on the internet and needs to
connect to the database very often. Therefore, having a feature that could help PHP
to connect to database easily is mandatory. Several websites such as the e-
commerce websites, require good database management system.
PHP has a built-in module that helps it in connecting with database easily.
Therefore, PHP has a great demand in the field of web development where a data
driven website needs to be developed. PHP significantly reduces the time needed in
developing the web application that needs an efficient database management system.
 Easy to use
PHP is widely used because it is easy to use. In contrast with other programming
languages that are complex, PHP is simple, fluent, clean and organized, hence it is a
boon for the new users. PHP has a well-organized syntax which is logical at the same
time.
PHP does not require any intensive studying or manual to use it. Command functions
of PHP are easily understood as the user can easily figure out from the name of the
commands itself what it does. A person who is new to PHP can still code because the
syntax is somewhat similar to C.
A person who is new to PHP can still code because the syntax is somewhat similar to
C. Hence, if a person who knows C can easily code in PHP. Hence, it is easier to
create and optimize the application using PHP.
Speed is the primary need of web development. There are people who face the
challenge of slow internet connection and slow data speed. Furthermore, a fast
loading website is always preferred by people across the globe. When compared to
other programming languages, PHP is found to be the fastest programming language.
In normal circumstances, it takes a lot of time to connect to the database, when you
attempt to fetch certain data from the database. It takes a lot of time in connecting to
the database, then executing the statement and finally getting the data. PHP performs

these set of tasks faster than other scripting languages. PHP is faster in both
connecting to the database and in using other important applications.
The high speed of PHP gives it an advantage over other scripting languages and gives
it an application in important administrations such as the server administration and
mail functionalities.
 Open source
One of the important advantages of PHP is that it is Open Source. Therefore, PHP is
readily available and is entirely free. In contrast to other scripting languages used for
web development which requires the user to pay for the support files, PHP is open to
everyone, anytime and anywhere.
A beginner in PHP need not worry about the support as PHP is maintained and
developed by a large group of PHP developers which helps in creating support
community of PHP that helps people in PHP implementation and manipulation.
1.4 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
A database management system (DBMS) is system software for creating and managing
databases. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create,
retrieve, update and manage data.
A DBMS makes it possible for end users to create, read, update and delete data in a
database. The DBMS essentially serves as an interface between the database and end users
or application programs, ensuring that data is consistently organized and remains easily
accessible.
The DBMS manages three important things: the data, the database engine that
allows data to be accessed, locked and modified -- and the database schema, which defines
the database’s logical structure. These three foundational elements help provide
concurrency, security, data integrity and uniform administration procedures. Typical
database administration tasks supported by the DBMS include change management,
performance monitoring/tuning and backup and recovery. Many database management
systems are also responsible for automated rollbacks, restarts and recovery as well as the
logging and auditing of activity.

1.4.1 ADVANTAGES OF DBMS
Central storage and management of data within the DBMS provides:

• Data abstraction and independence
• Data security
• A locking mechanism for concurrent access
• An efficient handler to balance the needs of multiple applications using the same data
• The ability to swiftly recover from crashes and errors, including re startability and
recoverability
• Robust data integrity capabilities
• Logging and auditing of activity
• Simple access using a standard application programming interface (API)
• Uniform administration procedures for data.

1.5 SQL
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a domain-specific language used in programming and

designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS).
SQL offers two main advantages: first, it introduced the concept of accessing many records
with one single command; and second, it eliminates the need to specify how to reach a
record, e.g. with or without an index.
Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus, SQL consists
of a data definition language, data manipulation language, and data control language. The
scope of SQL includes data insert, query, update and delete, schema creation
and modification, and data access control.
SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in

1986, and of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987. Since then,
the standard has been revised to include a larger set of features. Despite the existence of
such standards, most SQL code is not completely portable among different database
systems without adjustments.

CHAPTER 2
REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
A computerized way of handling information and Vehicle details is efficient, organized and
time saving, compared to a manual way of doing so and having a single database for
multiple Parking Places makes maintenance much easier. This is done through a database
driven web application whose requirements are mentioned in this section.
2.1 OVERALL DESCRIPTION
A reliable and scalable database driven web application with security features, that is easy
to use and maintain is the requisite and is developed on Windows 10 OS.
The purpose of developing this application is to have the stats and data of all the
Vehicle of a single brand in one centralized database. This will help keep a record of all the
regular customers. All this is implemented in a single web application and used across
different Parking places.
2.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
The specific requirements of the Vehicle Parking Management System are stated as follows:
2.2.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Web Browser – Google Chrome 62.0.3202.89 (stable)
 Editor – Microsoft Visual Studio Code v1.29
XAMPP v7.2.8
 XAMPP control panel v3.2.2
 phpMyAdmin v4.8.2
 PHP v7.2.8
 Apache v2.4.34
 Operating System – Windows 8 or later

 Database Support – MariaDB v10.1.34

 Client API library version - mysqlnd 5.0.12-dev – 20150407
2.2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Processor – Intel Pentium 4 or higher

 RAM – 2 GB (4 GB Recommended)
 HDD – 4 GB
 Monitor – VGA of 1024x768 screen resolution
 Keyboard and mouse
2.2.3 TECHNOLOGY STACK
HTML provides a means to structure text based information in a document. It allows

users to produce web pages that include text, graphics and hyperlinks.
JavaScript is a scripting language which supports the development of both client and
server applications. It is preferred at client side to write programs that can be executed
by a web browser within the context of a web page.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a style sheet language used for describing the
presentation of a document written in a markup language.
SQL is the language used to manipulate relational databases. It is tied closely with
the relational model. It is issued for the purpose of data definition and data
manipulation.
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (or simply PHP) is a server-side scripting language

designed for Web development, and also used as a general-purpose programming
language.

CHAPTER 3
DETAILED DESIGN
3.1 SYSTEM DESIGN
PHP is written as standard text files with the .php extension. PHP files are often saved
within a folder in a web server's public directory (or a web root directory). On most systems
this will either be named public or public_html. For example, if a file was saved as index.
php in a web root directory, a user could access it by typing http://www.example.org or
http://www.example.org/index.php.
Fig. 3.1 Vehicle Parking Management System web architecture
So what exactly is happening when a user types in the URL http://example.org?

When a user types in http://example.org in a Web client (a browser, for instance), the client
issues a GET request to the server (let's assume that we are both using Apache). When
Apache gets this request, it looks for a file named index.php (or index.html, remember the
directory indexes from earlier?). If a file named index.php is found, Apache essentially says
"Hey, this is a PHP file because it has the .php extension. I am going to give this to the PHP
interpreter".
After Apache decides that is a PHP file, it gives it to the PHP interpreter. When
PHP receives the file, it reads through it and executes any PHP code it can find. After it is

done with the file, the PHP interpreter gives the output of the code, if any, back to Apache.
When Apache gets the output back from PHP, it sends that output back to a browser which
renders it to the screen.
3.2 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
An entity–relationship model is usually the result of systematic analysis to define and

describe what is important to process in an area of a business.
An E-R model does not define the business processes; it only presents a business
data schema in graphical form. It is usually drawn in a graphical form as boxes (entities) that
are connected by lines (relationships) which express the associations and dependencies
between entities.
Entities may be characterized not only by relationships, but also by additional

properties (attributes), which include identifiers called "primary keys". Diagrams created to
represent attributes as well as entities and relationships may be called entity-attribute-
relationship diagrams, rather than entity-relationship models.
3.3 FLOW DIAGRAM
A data flow diagram is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through

information system, modeling its process aspects.

Fig. 3.3 Flow diagram of Vehicle Parking Management System
3.4 DESCRIPTION OF TABLES
The database consists of three tables:
Table 1: Admin Table
ID – admin id
AdminName - holds the name of the admin
UserName - admin’s username for login
MobileNumber - mobile number of admin
Email - email-id of the admin

Password - admin’s password used for login
AdminRegDate - date of when admin has been added
Fig. 3.4.1 Admin Table
Table 2: Vehicle Category Table
ID – creates an ID for the vehicle
VehicleCat – holds all the details of different categories of vehicles
CreationDate – holds the details when a category of vehicle was created
Fig. 3.4.2 Vehicle Category Table

Table 3: Vehicle Details Table
ID – vehicle id
ParkingNumber – a number provided for each vehicle parked
VehicleCategory – category of vehicle being parked
VehicleCompanyName – Company/ brand of vehicle being parked
RegistrationNumber – vehicle number
OwnerName – name of the vehicle owner
OwnerContactNumber – mobile number of the vehicle owner

InTime – time when vehicle is entered
OutTime – time when vehicle has made an exit
ParkingCharge – the parking fee collected for the vehicle
Remark – notes related to vehicle
Status – tells if vehicle is parked or exited
Fig. 3.4.3 Vehicle Details Table

CHAPTER 4
IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 MODULES AND THEIR ROLES
Website is developed using the following modules. Each module has its own functionality
and contributes as a feature for the website.
Code Snippet – print.php
<?php
$cid=$_GET['vid'];
$ret=mysqli_query($con,"select * from tblvehicle where ID='$cid'");
$cnt=1; while
($row=mysqli_fetch_array($ret)) {
?>
<div id="exampl">
<table border="1" class="table table-bordered mg-b-0">
<tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align: center; font-size:22px;"> Vehicle Parking
receipt</th> </tr><tr>
<th>Parking Number</th>
<td><?php echo $row['ParkingNumber'];?></td>
<th>Vehicle Category</th>
<td><?php echo $row['VehicleCategory'];?></td> </tr> <tr>
<th>Vehicle Company Name</th>
<td> <?php echo $packprice= $row['VehicleCompanyname'];?></td>
<th>Registration Number</th>
<td><?php echo $row['RegistrationNumber'];?></td> </tr>
<tr> <th>Owner Name</th>
<td><?php echo $row['OwnerName'];?></td>
<th>Owner Contact Number</th>
<td><?php echo $row['OwnerContactNumber'];?></td>
</tr> <tr>

<th>In Time</th>
<td><?php echo $row['InTime'];?></td>
<th>Status</th> <td>
<?php
if($row['Status']=="") { echo
"Incoming Vehicle";}
if($row['Status']=="Out") {
echo "Outgoing Vehicle";}
;?></td>
</tr>
<?php if($row['Remark']!=""){ ?>
<tr><th>Out time</th>
<td><?php echo $row['OutTime'];?></td>
<th>Rarking Charge</th>
<td><?php echo $row['ParkingCharge'];?></td></tr>
<tr> <th>Remark</th>
<td colspan="3"><?php echo $row['Remark'];?></td></tr>
<?php ?>
</div> <script> function CallPrint(strid) { var
prtContent = document.getElementById("exampl");
var WinPrint = window.open('', '',
'left=0,top=0,width=800,height=900,toolbar=0,scrollbars=0,status=0');
WinPrint.document.write(prtContent.innerHTML);
WinPrint.document.close();
WinPrint.focus();
WinPrint.print();
WinPrint.close();
}
</script>

CHAPTER 5
TESTING
5.1 SOFTWARE TESTING
Testing is the process used to help identify correctness, completeness, security and quality
of developed software. This includes executing a program with the intent of finding errors.
It is important to distinguish between faults and failures. Software testing can provide
objective, independent information about the quality of software and risk of its failure to
users or sponsors. It can be conducted as soon as executable software (even if partially
complete) exists. Most testing occurs after system requirements have been defined and then
implemented in testable programs.
5.2 MODULE TESTING AND INTEGRATION
Module testing is a process of testing the individual subprograms, subroutines, classes, or

procedures in a program. Instead of testing whole software program at once, module testing
recommends testing the smaller building blocks of the program. It is largely white box
oriented. The objective of doing Module testing is not to demonstrate proper functioning
of the module but to demonstrate the presence of an error in the module. Module testing
allows implementing of parallelism into the testing process by giving the opportunity to
test multiple modules simultaneously.

CHAPTER 6
SNAPSHOTS
This chapter consists of working screenshots of the project.
6.1 LOGIN PAGE
Following snapshot is the login page of vehicle parking management system, using
which Admin can login having username and password. (fig 6.1.1) if admin forgets the
password he can reset his password using his email and phone number which is saved in
database.
Fig 6.1.1 Login page
Fig 6.1.2 Reset password

6.2 DASHBOARD
In this section, admin can briefly view the number of vehicle entries in a
particular period.
Fig 6.2 Dashboard
6.3 VEHICLE CATEGORY
In this section, admin can manage vehicle category to add his vehicle details.
Fig 6.3 Add Vehicle Category

6.4 VEHICLE DETAILS
In this section, admin can add vehicle which is going to park.
Fig 6.4 Add Vehicle details
6.5 MANAGE VEHICLES
In this section, admin can manage incoming and outgoing vehicles by vehicle number,
owner name and allot a parking number.
Fig 6.5 Managing vehicle-in details

6.6 VEHICLE-IN DETAILS
Detailed view of all the vehicles which have made an entry.
Fig 6.6 Vehicle-in details
6.7 PARKING RECEIPT
Receipt can be generated in pdf format having details of vehicle and cost to be paid.
Fig 6.7 Parking receipt
Dept. of CSE,TJIT 2019-20 Page 24

6.8 REPORT OF VEHICLES
In this section admin can generate vehicle entries reports between two dates.
Fig 6.8 List of vehicles between dates
6.9 VEHICLE SEARCH
In this section, admin can search a particular vehicle by parking number.
Fig 6.9 Search vehicle

CONCLUSION
The Vehicle Parking Management System provides easier maintenance of customer data
when multiple vehicles are parked. It allows simplified operation and is a time saving
platform. The application has been completed successfully and tested with suitable test
cases. This is developed using HTML5, CSS, JavaScript, PHP and SQL in Windows
environment. The goals achieved by this project are:
1. Easier administration job
2. User friendly tool
3. Single centralized database
4. Efficient management of records
5. Simplification of operations

FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
In future, we can implement the following features:
 Provide email notifications and SMS integration. This will require web service or
API integration with SMS providers.
 Session time record
 Provide better and improved User Interface.
 Modifying customer data – Currently modification can be done only by database

operator. Implementation of the same in web platform will be done in the near
future.

REFERENCES
[1] Randy Connolly, Ricardo Hoar “Fundamentals of Web Development”, 1st Edition,
[2] Robin Nixon “Learning PHP, MySQL, CSS “,4th Edition, O’Reily Publications,2015
[3] https://www.mayflower.com : Content and look and feel.
[4] https://www.lowys.com : Content and look and feel.
[5] https://www.w3schools.com : For Styles and other references.
[6] https://www.tutorialspoint.com : For Syntax and Styles and other reference.

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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.3 WEB TECHNOLOGIES

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 1

HTML5 includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 2

CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content, including

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 3

Some of the notable advantages are as follows:

 Separation of content from presentation

CSS facilitates publication of content in multiple presentation formats based on

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 4

● Recommendation ● Candidate Recommendation ● Last Call

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 5

JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, interpreted programming language. It

As a multi-paradigm language, JavaScript supports event-driven, functional, and

JavaScript is relatively simple to learn and implement.

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 6

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 7

 Easy database connection

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 8

1.4 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 9

1.4.1 ADVANTAGES OF DBMS

Central storage and management of data within the DBMS provides:

• A locking mechanism for concurrent access

• Logging and auditing of activity

• Simple access using a standard application programming interface (API)

• Uniform administration procedures for data.

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a domain-specific language used in programming and

SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 10

2.1 OVERALL DESCRIPTION

2.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

2.2.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Web Browser – Google Chrome 62.0.3202.89 (stable)

 Editor – Microsoft Visual Studio Code v1.29

 XAMPP control panel v3.2.2

 Operating System – Windows 8 or later

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 11

 Database Support – MariaDB v10.1.34

2.2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Processor – Intel Pentium 4 or higher

2.2.3 TECHNOLOGY STACK

HTML provides a means to structure text based information in a document. It allows

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (or simply PHP) is a server-side scripting language

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 12

3.1 SYSTEM DESIGN

Fig. 3.1 Vehicle Parking Management System web architecture

So what exactly is happening when a user types in the URL http://example.org?

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 13

3.2 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

An entity–relationship model is usually the result of systematic analysis to define and

Entities may be characterized not only by relationships, but also by additional

3.3 FLOW DIAGRAM

A data flow diagram is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through

Dept. of CSE, TJIT 2019-20 Page 14

Fig. 3.3 Flow diagram of Vehicle Parking Management System

3.4 DESCRIPTION OF TABLES