Gases

Universidad de Pamplona
Pamplona - Norte de Santander - Colombia

Tels: (7) 5685303 - 5685304 - 5685305 - Fax: 5682750 - www.unipamplona.edu.co
Exercises
1. (a) Could 25 g of argon gas in a vessel of volume 1.5 dm3 exert a pressure of
2.0 bar at 30 °C if it behaved as a perfect gas? If not, what pressure would it
exert? (b) What pressure would it exert if it behaved as a van der Waals gas?
2. A perfect gas undergoes isothermal compression, which reduces its volume by

1.80 dm3. The final pressure and volume of the gas are 1.97 bar and 2.14 dm3,
respectively. Calculate the original pressure of the gas.
3. A homeowner uses 4.00 × 103 m3 of natural gas in a year to heat a home.

Assume that natural gas is all methane, CH4, and that methane is a perfect
gas for the conditions of this problem, which are 1.00 atm and 20°C. What is
the mass of gas used?
4. A manometer consists of a U-shaped tube containing a liquid. One side is

connected to the apparatus and the other is open to the atmosphere. The
pressure inside the apparatus is then determined from the difference in heights
of the liquid. Suppose the liquid is water, the external pressure is 770 Torr, and
the open side is 10.0 cm lower than the side connected to the apparatus. What
is the pressure in the apparatus? (The density of water at 25°C is 0.997 07 g
cm−3.)
5. At 100 °C and 1.60 kPa, the mass density of phosphorus vapour is 0.6388 kg
m−3. What is the molecular formula of phosphorus under theseconditions?
6. Given that the density of air at 0.987 bar and 27°C is 1.146 kg m−3, calculate
the mole fraction and partial pressure of nitrogen and oxygen assuming that
(a) air consists only of these two gases, (b) air also contains 1.0 mole per cent
Ar.
7. A gas mixture consists of 320 mg of methane, 175 mg of argon, and 225 mg

of neon. The partial pressure of neon at 300 K is 8.87 kPa. Calculate (a) the
volume and (b) the total pressure of the mixture.
8. The density of a gaseous compound was found to be 1.23 kg m−3 at 330 K and
20 kPa. What is the molar mass of the compound?
9. Calculate the pressure exerted by 1.0 mol H2S behaving as (a) a perfect gas,
(b) a van der Waals gas when it is confined under the following conditions: (i)
at 273.15 K in 22.414 dm3, (ii) at 500 K in 150 cm3. Use the data in Table 1.6.
Una universidad incluyente y comprometida con el desarrollo integral 1

10. A gas at 250 K and 15 atm has a molar volume 12 per cent smaller than that
calculated from the perfect gas law. Calculate (a) the compression factor under
these conditions and (b) the molar volume of the gas. Which are dominating in
the sample, the attractive or the repulsive forces?
11. In an industrial process, nitrogen is heated to 500 K at a constant volume of

1.000 m3. The gas enters the container at 300 K and 100 atm. The mass of the
gas is 92.4 kg. Use the van der Waals equation to determine the approximate
pressure of the gas at its working temperature of 500 K. For nitrogen, a = 1.352
dm6 atm mol−2, b = 0.0387 dm3 mol−1.
12. Suppose that 10.0 mol C2H6(g) is confined to 4.860 dm3 at 27°C. Predict the
pressure exerted by the ethane from (a) the perfect gas and (b) the van der
Waals equations of state. Calculate the compression factor based on these
calculations. For ethane, a = 5.507 dm6 atm mol−2, b = 0.0651 dm3 mol−1.
13. At 300 K and 20 atm, the compression factor of a gas is 0.86. Calculate (a) the
volume occupied by 8.2 mmol of the gas under these conditions and (b) an
approximate value of the second virial coefficient B at 300 K.
14. A vessel of volume 22.4 dm3 contains 1.5 mol H2 and 2.5 mol N2 at 273.15 K.
Calculate (a) the mole fractions of each component, (b) their partial pressures,
and (c) their total pressure.
15. A certain gas obeys the van der Waals equation with a = 0.76 m6 Pa mol−2. Its
volume is found to be 4.00 × 10−4 m3 mol−1 at 288 K and 4.0 MPa. From this
information calculate the van der Waals constant b. What is the compression
factor for this gas at the prevailing temperature and pressure?
16. The critical constants of ethane are pc = 48.20 atm, Vc = 148 cm3 mol−1, and Tc
= 305.4 K. Calculate the van der Waals parameters of the gas.
17. A vessel of volume 22.4 dm3 contains 2.0 mol H2 and 1.0 mol N2 at 273.15 K
initially. All the H2 reacted with sufficient N2 to form NH3. Calculate the partial
pressures and the total pressure of the final mixture.
18. The following equations of state are occasionally used for approximate
calculations on gases: (gas A) pVm = RT(1 + b/Vm), (gas B) p(Vm – b) = RT.
Assuming that there were gases that actually obeyed these equations of state,

would it be possible to liquefy either gas A or B? Would they have a critical

temperature? Explain your answer.
19. The second virial coefficient of methane can be approximated by the empirical
2
equation 𝐵´(𝑇) = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑐⁄𝑇 , where a = −0.1993 bar−1, b = 0.2002 bar−1, and
c = 1131 K2 with 300 K < T < 600 K. What is the Boyle temperature of methane?
20. The mass density of water vapour at 327.6 atm and 776.4 K is 133.2 kg m −3.
Given that for water Tc = 647.4 K, pc = 218.3 atm, a = 5.464 dm6 atm mol−2, b
= 0.03049 dm3 mol−1, and M= 18.02 g mol−1, calculate (a) the molar volume.
Then calculate the compression factor (b) from the data, (c) from the virial
expansion of the van der Waals equation.

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Universidad de Pamplona

Pamplona - Norte de Santander - Colombia

2. A perfect gas undergoes isothermal compression, which reduces its volume by

3. A homeowner uses 4.00 × 103 m3 of natural gas in a year to heat a home.

4. A manometer consists of a U-shaped tube containing a liquid. One side is

7. A gas mixture consists of 320 mg of methane, 175 mg of argon, and 225 mg

Una universidad incluyente y comprometida con el desarrollo integral 1

11. In an industrial process, nitrogen is heated to 500 K at a constant volume of

Una universidad incluyente y comprometida con el desarrollo integral 2

would it be possible to liquefy either gas A or B? Would they have a critical

Una universidad incluyente y comprometida con el desarrollo integral 3

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