Bernoulli's Principle of Energy Balance and Application

Bernoulli's principle of energy balance for a moving liquid: A review and typical
application
A pump draws solution, sp gr 1.84, from a storage tank of large cross section
through a 3-in pipe. The velocity in the suction of line is 3 ft/sec. The pump
discharges through a 2-in pipe to an overhead tank. Friction loses in the entire
system is 10 ft of solution. What pressure must the pump develop in psi? What
is the theoretical horse power of the pump?
Review: What is Bernoulli’s theorem?
Let us consider the above figure. Assume that temperature is uniform

throughout the system. The figure represents a channel conveying a liquid from
point A to point B. The pump is supplying energy to cause the flow. Consider 1 lb.
liquid entering at A. Let the pressure at A is PA force / sq ft, let the average
velocity of liquid be uA fps and let the specific volume of liquid be VA cu ft /lb.
Point A is XA ft above an arbitrary horizontal datum line MN. The pound of liquid
at A has a potential energy; measured above plane MN is equal to XA ft-lb. Since
the liquid is in motion at a velocity of uA fps, the pound of liquid will also have a
kinetic energy of [uA^2/2gc] ft-lb. As the pound of liquid enters the pipe, it enters
against a pressure PA lb-force/sq ft and therefore work equal to PA VA ft-lb is done
on the pound of liquid and is added to its energy. The sum of these three terms
represents the energy of the pound of liquid entering into system. After the
system has reached the steady state, whenever one pound liquid enters at A
another pound is displaced according to the principle of conservation of mass.
The pound leaving at B will have an energy content of XB + uB^2/2gc + PB VB ft-lb
where uB, PB and VB are the velocity, pressure and the specific volume
respectively at point B. If there were no increase or losses in energy between
points A and B, energy content of the pound of liquid entering at point A would
exactly equal that of the pound of liquid leaving at point B by the principle of
conservation of energy. There is a pump which is adding energy to liquid. Let this
be w ft-lb of liquid. Some energy will be converted by friction into heat. It has
been postulated that the system is at constant temperature; hence it must be
assumed that this heat is lost by radiation. Let this loss by friction is F ft-lb per
pound of liquid.
The complete equation representing an energy balance across the system

between point A and B will therefore be
XA + uA^2/2gc + PA VA - F + w = XB + uB^2/2gc + PB VB -------------- [1]
If the density of the liquid ρ be expressed as pounds mass per cubic foot then
VA = 1/ ρA and VB = 1/ ρB
Equation [1] can be written as
XA + uA^2/2gc + PA / ρA - F + w = XB + uB^2/2gc + PB/ ρB
Since the assumption is 1 lb mass is entering the system, it follows that all the
terms are energy per pound mass. The factor g / gc is 1.00.
Since in above equation the terms are linear, they are equivalent to pressure and
the terms are called ‘heads’. X terms are potential head, u^2/2gc terms are called
velocity head, PV or P/ ρ terms are called pressure head , F is friction head and w
is head added by pump. It is most convenient to measure X in ft and ρ in lbs/cu ft.
This gives P in pounds force per sq ft.
All assumptions involved in Bernoulli’s equation are written in bold.
Repeat : What does Bernoulli’s principle say?
[1] Sum of potential head, velocity head and pressure head of a moving liquid is
constant. If there is an increase in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously
there will be a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential
energy. [2] One key assumption: The principle is only applicable for isentropic
flows- when the effects of irreversible processes (like turbulence) and non-
adiabatic processes (e.g. heat radiation) are small and can be neglected.
Typical application of Bernoulli’s principle
A pump draws solution, sp gr 1.84, from a storage tank of large cross section
through a 3-in pipe[nominal]. The velocity in the suction of line is 3 ft/sec. The
pump discharges through a 2-in pipe to an overhead tank. Friction loses in the
entire system is 10 ft of solution. What pressure must the pump develop in psi?
What is the theoretical horse power of the pump?
Let us apply fundamental equation [1] derived above and re-written below.
XA + uA^2/2gc + PA VA - F + w = XB + uB^2/2gc + PB VB -------------- [1]
Take point A on the surface of liquid in feed tank and point B at the end of
discharge pipe. Take datum plane for elevations through point A. Then X A = 0 XB =
50 ft
uA = 0, uB = (3)(3.068)^2/(2.067)^2 = 6.61 fps, [ cross section of 3-in nominal pipe

= 3.068- in and cross section of 2-in pipe = 2.067 -in
F = 10 FT, PA = PB [both at atmospheric pressure]
ρA = ρB = (1.84)(62.4) = 115 lb /cu ft
Substituting values in above equation gives,
-10+ w = 50 + (6.61^2) / (2)(32.2)
w= 60.68 of solution of sp gr 1.84
Since , P = ρX,
Pressure corresponding to w can be determined in pounds per sq ft = (60.68)(115)

= 6978 lb / sq ft or 6978/144 = 48.5 lb/sq in
Power consumed by pump
It is pressure in lbs/sq ft * volume of liquid pumped.
Inside cross sectional area of 3- in pipe is 7.393 sq in or 0.0513 sq ft.
At velocity 3 fps, volume pumped = (3)*(0.0513) = 0.1539 cfs. [cu ft / sec]
1 hp = 550 ft-lb/sec, hence
Horse power =[(6978) lb/sq ft * (0.1539) cu ft / sec] /(550)= 1.95

Bernoulli's Principle of Energy Balance and Application

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bernoulli's Principle of Energy Balance and Application

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bernoulli's Principle of Energy Balance and Application

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bernoulli's principle of energy balance for a moving liquid: A review and typical

Review: What is Bernoulli’s theorem?

Let us consider the above figure. Assume that temperature is uniform

The complete equation representing an energy balance across the system

XA + uA^2/2gc + PA VA - F + w = XB + uB^2/2gc + PB VB -------------- [1]

Equation [1] can be written as

XA + uA^2/2gc + PA / ρA - F + w = XB + uB^2/2gc + PB/ ρB

All assumptions involved in Bernoulli’s equation are written in bold.

Repeat : What does Bernoulli’s principle say?

Typical application of Bernoulli’s principle

XA + uA^2/2gc + PA VA - F + w = XB + uB^2/2gc + PB VB -------------- [1]

uA = 0, uB = (3)(3.068)^2/(2.067)^2 = 6.61 fps, [ cross section of 3-in nominal pipe

F = 10 FT, PA = PB [both at atmospheric pressure]

ρA = ρB = (1.84)(62.4) = 115 lb /cu ft

Substituting values in above equation gives,

-10+ w = 50 + (6.61^2) / (2)(32.2)

w= 60.68 of solution of sp gr 1.84

Pressure corresponding to w can be determined in pounds per sq ft = (60.68)(115)

Power consumed by pump

It is pressure in lbs/sq ft * volume of liquid pumped.

Inside cross sectional area of 3- in pipe is 7.393 sq in or 0.0513 sq ft.

At velocity 3 fps, volume pumped = (3)*(0.0513) = 0.1539 cfs. [cu ft / sec]

1 hp = 550 ft-lb/sec, hence

Horse power =[(6978) lb/sq ft * (0.1539) cu ft / sec] /(550)= 1.95

You might also like